FLIGHTS of the ANT POLYERGUS LUCIDUS MAYR* Flights of Ants At
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Morphology of the Novel Basimandibular Gland in the Ant Genus Strumigenys (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
insects Article Morphology of the Novel Basimandibular Gland in the Ant Genus Strumigenys (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) Chu Wang 1,* , Michael Steenhuyse-Vandevelde 1, Chung-Chi Lin 2 and Johan Billen 1 1 Zoological Institute, University of Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2466, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; [email protected] (M.S.-V.); [email protected] (J.B.) 2 Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50007, Taiwan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Ants form a diverse group of social insects that are characterized by an over- whelming variety of exocrine glands, that play a key function in the communication system and social organization of the colony. Our focus goes to the genus Strumigenys, that comprise small slow-moving ants that mainly prey on springtails. We discovered a novel gland inside the mandibles of all 22 investigated species, using light and electron microscopy. As the gland occurs close to the base of the mandibles, we name it ‘basimandibular gland’ according to the putative description given to this mandible region in a publication by the eminent British ant taxonomist Barry Bolton in 1999. The gland exists in both workers and queens and appeared most developed in the queens of Strumigenys mutica. These queens in addition to the basimandibular gland also have a cluster of gland cells near the tip of their mandibles. The queens of this species enter colonies of other Strumigenys species and parasitize on them. We expect that the peculiar development of these glands inside the mandibles of these S. mutica queens plays a role in this parasitic lifestyle, and hope that future research can shed more light on the biology of these ants. -
The Ants of Oklahoma Master of Science
THE ANTS OF OKLAHOMA By Jerry H. Young(I\" Bachelor of Science Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College Stillwater, Oklahoma 1955 Submitted to the faculty of the Graduate School of the Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE January 1 1956 tl<lAWMA AGCMCl«.f�Al L �Ci'!AlttCAl e&U.Ull LIBRARY JUL16195 6 THE ANTS OF OKLAHOMA Thesis Approved: Thesis Adviser }>JcMem��f � 't'" he Thesis ) Committee Member of the Thesis Committee 7'4'.��Member of the Thesis Committee Head of the Department ifean of the Graduate School 361565 ii PREFACE The study of the distribution of ants in the United States has been a long and continuous process with many contributors, but the State of Oklahoma has not received the attentions of these observers to any great extent. The only known list of ants of Oklahoma is one prepared by Mo Ro Smith (1935)0 Early in 1954 a survey of the state of Oklahoma was made to determine the species present and their distributiono The results of this survey, which blanketed the entire State, are given in this paper. The author wishes to express his appreciation to Dro Do E. Howell, chairman of the writer's thesis committee, for his valuable assistance and careful guidance in the preparation of this papero Also, much guidance on preparation of this manuscrip_t was received from Drs. Do Eo Bryan, William H. Irwin and F. A. Fenton. Many of the determin ations were made by M. R. Smith.. Vital infonnation was obtained from the museums at Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College and the University of Oklahoma. -
Raid Organization and Behavioral Development in the Slave-Making Ant Polyergus Lucidus Mayr E
Insectes Sociaux, Paris Masson, Paris, 1984 1984, Volume 31, n ~ 4, pp. 361-374 RAID ORGANIZATION AND BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE SLAVE-MAKING ANT POLYERGUS LUCIDUS MAYR E. COOL-KWAIT (1) and H. TOPOFF (2) (1) Department of Biology, City College of Cuny, New York, N.Y. I003i, U.S.A. (2) Department of Psychology, Hunter College of Cuny, New York, N.Y. 10021, U.S.A and The American Museum of Natural History, New York, N.Y. 10024, U.S.A. Requ le 5 septembre 1983. Accept6 le 18 juin 1984. SUMMARY Mixed-species colonies of Polyergus lucidus and Fdrmica schaufussi xvere studied in New York. Slave raids were conducted in late afternoon, past the peak in diurnal temperature. Multiple raids on different Formica colonies xvere common, as ~vere re-raids on the same colony. In laboratory nests, about 75 % of the raided Formica brood was eaten. Of 27 days on ,which raids occurred in the laboratory, 25 ~vere on Formica nests scouted on the day of the raid. Polyergus scouts are among the oldest individuals in the colony, and call~ws do not participate in scouting during the entire season of their eclosion. The group of Polyergus workers that circle on the surface near the nest prior to raiding has a dynamic composition.. The most frequent behavioral transition ~vas from circling on one day to scouting on the next. The next most common change was from SCOUting to circling. The first scouting of the spring season occurred only one day after the appearance of Polyergus larvae. The first slave raid 'was conducted 4 days later. -
Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Myrmecological News 20 25-36 Online Earlier, for print 2014 The evolution and functional morphology of trap-jaw ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Fredrick J. LARABEE & Andrew V. SUAREZ Abstract We review the biology of trap-jaw ants whose highly specialized mandibles generate extreme speeds and forces for predation and defense. Trap-jaw ants are characterized by elongated, power-amplified mandibles and use a combination of latches and springs to generate some of the fastest animal movements ever recorded. Remarkably, trap jaws have evolved at least four times in three subfamilies of ants. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about the evolution, morphology, kinematics, and behavior of trap-jaw ants, with special attention to the similarities and key dif- ferences among the independent lineages. We also highlight gaps in our knowledge and provide suggestions for future research on this notable group of ants. Key words: Review, trap-jaw ants, functional morphology, biomechanics, Odontomachus, Anochetus, Myrmoteras, Dacetini. Myrmecol. News 20: 25-36 (online xxx 2014) ISSN 1994-4136 (print), ISSN 1997-3500 (online) Received 2 September 2013; revision received 17 December 2013; accepted 22 January 2014 Subject Editor: Herbert Zettel Fredrick J. Larabee (contact author), Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Andrew V. Suarez, Department of Entomology and Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, Univer- sity of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 S. -
Arkansas Academy of Science
Journal of the CODEN: AKASO ISBN: 0097-4374 ARKANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE VOLUME 61 2007 Library Rate ARKANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE ARKANSAS TECH UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES 1701 N. BOULDER RUSSELLVILLE. AR 72801-2222 Arkansas Academy ofScience, Dept. of Physical Sciences, Arkansas Tech University PAST PRESIDENTS OF THE ARKANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Charles Brookover, 1917 C. E. Hoffman, 1959 Paul Sharrah, 1984 Dwight M. Moore, 1932-33, 64 N. D. Buffaloe, 1960 William L. Evans, 1985 Flora Haas, 1934 H. L. Bogan, 1961 Gary Heidt, 1986 H. H. Hyman, 1935 Trumann McEver, 1962 Edmond Bacon, 1987 L. B. Ham, 1936 Robert Shideler, 1963 Gary Tucker, 1988 W. C. Muon, 1937 L. F. Bailey, 1965 David Chittenden, 1989 M. J. McHenry, 1938 James H. Fribourgh, 1966 Richard K. Speairs, Jr. 1990 T. L. Smith, 1939 Howard Moore, 1967 Robert Watson, 1991 P. G. Horton, 1940 John J. Chapman, 1968 Michael W. Rapp, 1992 I. A. Willis, 1941-42 Arthur Fry, 1969 Arthur A. Johnson, 1993 L. B. Roberts, 1943-44 M. L. Lawson, 1970 George Harp, 1994 JeffBanks, 1945 R. T. Kirkwood, 1971 James Peck, 1995 H. L. Winburn, 1946-47 George E. Templeton, 1972 Peggy R. Dorris, 1996 E. A. Provine, 1948 E. B. Wittlake, 1973 Richard Kluender, 1997 G. V. Robinette, 1949 Clark McCarty, 1974 James Daly, 1998 John R. Totter, 1950 Edward Dale, 1975 Rose McConnell, 1999 R. H. Austin, 1951 Joe Guenter, 1976 Mostafa Hemmati, 2000 E. A. Spessard, 1952 Jewel Moore, 1977 Mark Draganjac, 2001 Delbert Swartz, 1953 Joe Nix, 1978 John Rickett, 2002 Z. -
Akes an Ant an Ant? Are Insects, and Insects Are Arth Ropods: Invertebrates (Animals With
~ . r. workers will begin to produce eggs if the queen dies. Because ~ eggs are unfertilized, they usually develop into males (see the discus : ~ iaplodiploidy and the evolution of eusociality later in this chapter). =- cases, however, workers can produce new queens either from un ze eggs (parthenogenetically) or after mating with a male ant. -;c. ant colony will continue to grow in size and add workers, but at -: :;oint it becomes mature and will begin sexual reproduction by pro· . ~ -irgin queens and males. Many specie s produce males and repro 0 _ " females just before the nuptial flight . Others produce males and ---: : ._ tive fem ales that stay in the nest for a long time before the nuptial :- ~. Our largest carpenter ant, Camponotus herculeanus, produces males _ . -:= 'n queens in late summer. They are groomed and fed by workers :;' 0 it the fall and winter before they emerge from the colonies for their ;;. ights in the spring. Fin ally, some species, including Monomoriurn : .:5 and Myrmica rubra, have large colonies with multiple que ens that .~ ..ew colonies asexually by fragmenting the original colony. However, _ --' e polygynous (literally, many queens) and polydomous (literally, uses, referring to their many nests) ants eventually go through a -">O=- r' sexual reproduction in which males and new queens are produced. ~ :- . ant colony thus functions as a highly social, organ ized "super _ _ " 1." The queens and mo st workers are safely hidden below ground : : ~ - ed within the interstices of rotting wood. But for the ant workers ~ '_i S ' go out and forage for food for the colony,'life above ground is - =- . -
Borowiec Et Al-2020 Ants – Phylogeny and Classification
A Ants: Phylogeny and 1758 when the Swedish botanist Carl von Linné Classification published the tenth edition of his catalog of all plant and animal species known at the time. Marek L. Borowiec1, Corrie S. Moreau2 and Among the approximately 4,200 animals that he Christian Rabeling3 included were 17 species of ants. The succeeding 1University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA two and a half centuries have seen tremendous 2Departments of Entomology and Ecology & progress in the theory and practice of biological Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, classification. Here we provide a summary of the NY, USA current state of phylogenetic and systematic 3Social Insect Research Group, Arizona State research on the ants. University, Tempe, AZ, USA Ants Within the Hymenoptera Tree of Ants are the most ubiquitous and ecologically Life dominant insects on the face of our Earth. This is believed to be due in large part to the cooperation Ants belong to the order Hymenoptera, which also allowed by their sociality. At the time of writing, includes wasps and bees. ▶ Eusociality, or true about 13,500 ant species are described and sociality, evolved multiple times within the named, classified into 334 genera that make up order, with ants as by far the most widespread, 17 subfamilies (Fig. 1). This diversity makes the abundant, and species-rich lineage of eusocial ants the world’s by far the most speciose group of animals. Within the Hymenoptera, ants are part eusocial insects, but ants are not only diverse in of the ▶ Aculeata, the clade in which the ovipos- terms of numbers of species. -
A Comparative Study of the Hymenopterous Poison Apparatus. Henry Remley Hermann Jr Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1967 A Comparative Study of the Hymenopterous Poison Apparatus. Henry Remley Hermann Jr Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Hermann, Henry Remley Jr, "A Comparative Study of the Hymenopterous Poison Apparatus." (1967). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1294. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1294 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received ® 7-13,989 HERMANN, Jr., Henry Remley, 1935- A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE HYMENOPTEROUS POISON APPARATUS. Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1967 Entomology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE HYMENOPTEROUS POISON APPARATUS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Entomology by Henry Remley Hermann, Jr. M.S., Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, 1965 May, 1967 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincere appreciation to a number of people for their assistance in this investigation. I first thank my wife, Patricia, for her constant interest in the subject and assistance in the preparation of material. Dr. Murray S. -
The Slave-Making Ant Formica Gynocrates (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 18 Number 3 - Fall 1985 Number 3 - Fall 1985 Article 6 October 1985 The Slave-making Ant Formica Gynocrates (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Mary Talbot Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Talbot, Mary 1985. "The Slave-making Ant Formica Gynocrates (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 18 (3) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol18/iss3/6 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Talbot: The Slave-making Ant Formica Gynocrates (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 1985 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 103 THE SLAVE-MAKING ANT FORMICA GYNOCRATES (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) Mary Talbot' ABSTRACT Formica gynocrates, a recently described species of slave-making ant, was found at the E. S. George Reserve in southern Michigan. It contrasted with the other five sanguinea group species found there by living in dry fields and enslaving a field-dwelling ant, F onnica villculalls. Slave raids were carried on from 16 June to 11 September and flights occurred between 5 July and 14 August. Three other sanguinea group species, F. subintegra, F pergandei, and F. rubicullda, were most common along field-wood ecotones. They enslaved F subsericea, and F pergandei occasionally took F pallidefulva nitidirelltris. F sub nuda lived in and under logs and usually had no slaves or a limited number of F subsericea. -
Rossomyrmex, the Slave-Maker Ants from the Arid Steppe Environments
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Psyche Volume 2013, Article ID 541804, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/541804 Review Article Rossomyrmex, the Slave-Maker Ants from the Arid Steppe Environments F. Ruano,1 O. Sanllorente,1,2 A. Lenoir,3 and A. Tinaut1 1 Departamento de Zoolog´ıa, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Departamento de Biolog´ıa Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaen,´ Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaen,´ Spain 3 Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, IRBI-UMR CNRS 7261, Faculte´ des Sciences et Techniques, UniversiteFranc´ ¸ois Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France Correspondence should be addressed to F. Ruano; [email protected] Received 8 March 2013; Accepted 9 May 2013 Academic Editor: David P. Hughes Copyright © 2013 F. Ruano et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The host-parasite genera Proformica-Rossomyrmex present four pairs of species with a very wide range of distribution from China to Southeastern Spain, from huge extended plains to the top of high mountains. Here we review (1) the published data on these pairs in comparison to other slave-makers; (2) the different dispersal ability in hosts and parasites inferred from genetics (chance of migration conditions the evolutionary potential of the species); (3) the evolutionary potential of host and parasite determining the coevolutionary process in each host-parasite system that we treat to define using cuticular chemical data. We find a lower evolutionary potential in parasites than in hosts in fragmented populations, where selective pressures give advantage to a limited female parasite migration due to uncertainty of locating a host nest. -
The Evolution of Social Parasitism in Formica Ants Revealed by a Global Phylogeny – Supplementary Figures, Tables, and References
The evolution of social parasitism in Formica ants revealed by a global phylogeny – Supplementary figures, tables, and references Marek L. Borowiec Stefan P. Cover Christian Rabeling 1 Supplementary Methods Data availability Trimmed reads generated for this study are available at the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (to be submit ted upon publication). Detailed voucher collection information, assembled sequences, analyzed matrices, configuration files and output of all analyses, and code used are available on Zenodo (DOI: 10.5281/zen odo.4341310). Taxon sampling For this study we gathered samples collected in the past ~60 years which were available as either ethanol preserved or pointmounted specimens. Taxon sampling comprises 101 newly sequenced ingroup morphos pecies from all seven species groups of Formica ants Creighton (1950) that were recognized prior to our study and 8 outgroup species. Our sampling was guided by previous taxonomic and phylogenetic work Creighton (1950); Francoeur (1973); Snelling and Buren (1985); Seifert (2000, 2002, 2004); Goropashnaya et al. (2004, 2012); Trager et al. (2007); Trager (2013); Seifert and Schultz (2009a,b); MuñozLópez et al. (2012); Antonov and Bukin (2016); Chen and Zhou (2017); Romiguier et al. (2018) and included represen tatives from both the New and the Old World. Collection data associated with sequenced samples can be found in Table S1. Molecular data collection and sequencing We performed nondestructive extraction and preserved samespecimen vouchers for each newly sequenced sample. We remounted all vouchers, assigned unique specimen identifiers (Table S1), and deposited them in the ASU Social Insect Biodiversity Repository (contact: Christian Rabeling, [email protected]). -
Hymenoptera, Formicidae)1
THE ANTS OF THE KILDEER PLAIN AREA OF OHIO (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE)1 MARY ELIZABETH AMSTUTZ, 203 Samaritan Ave., Ashland, Ohio This paper consists of a description of the Kildeer Plain, a list of the varieties of ants found, and some notes in regard to their habits of nesting as observed in this area. Wherever variations in the geological conditions of a region occur, there are found corresponding differences both in the flora and fauna. The climatic conditions including temperature, precipitation, etc., may be quite similar, yet there appear an amazing number of different habitats for living organisms. The very fact that one type of soil is composed of clay while another is composed chiefly of sand or the fact that here may be good drainage while at some distant point may be none at all, certainly determines in no small measure the type of organism which will exist or fail to find desirable environment. This is true on a large scale across the entire width of the continent, on a smaller scale in the separate states and still more minutely, within the counties themselves. The species of ants found in the Kildeer Plain Area of Ohio are of particular interest to the myrmecologist, for here is a small area which geologically is unusual in the state. The following list embracing twenty-seven species, subspecies and varieties is undoubtedly incomplete. Ants have been taken from as many varied habitats as a small plain area presents. They have been taken in a dense oak-hickory forest at the edge of the prairie, on sloping banks of the Tymochtee Creek, along roadsides, in open prairie fields, many of which have not been under cultivation for five or six decades, and open fields that are again being put under cultivation.