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Embodied Selves an ANTHOLOGY of PSYCHOLOGICAL TEXTS 1830-1890 Embodied Selves AN ANTHOLOGY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TEXTS 1830-1890 Edited by Jenny Bourne Taylor and Sally Shuttleworth CLARENDON PRESS • OXFORD 1998 Contents Introduction Xlll List of Illustrations xix Section I. Reading the Mind 1 Introduction 3 PHYSIOGNOMY JOHN CASPAR LAVATER On physiognomy JOHN CONOLLY 1 he physiognomy or insanity 18 CHARLES DICKENS Our next-door neighbour 22 2. PHRENOLOGY 25 FRANZ JOSEPH GALL On the functions of the brain 25 GEORGE COMBE A system of phrenology 29 GEORGE COMBE The constitution of man 29 CHARLOTTE BRONTE The professor 40 GEORGE COMBE Phrenology and education 41 ANDREW COMBE Observations on mental derangement 42 ANON. Applications of phrenology 44 PAUL PRENDERGAST A 'page' of phrenology 45 ANON. The dispositions of nations 46 3. MESMERISM 49 W. C. ENGLEDUE A letter from Dr Elliotson 49 CHAUNCY HARE TOWNSHEND Mesmeric sleepwaking 51 HARRIET MARTINEAU The healing power of mesmerism 53 ANON. Electro-biology 57 ANON. What is mesmerism? 58 JAMES BRAID Hypnotism 59 'ILLIAM BENJAMIN CARPENTER Mesmerism, scientifically considered 63 Section II. The Unconscious Mind and the Workings of Memory 65 Introduction 67 vu CONTENTS 1. ASSOCIATIONISM AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 73 SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE A critique of Hartley's associationism 73 JOHN ABERCROMBIE Philosophical, local, and arbitrary association 76 WILLIAM HAMILTON Three degrees of mental latency 80 HERBERT SPENCER On consciousness and the will 83 GEORGE HENRY LEWES Feeling and thinking 87 GEORGE HENRY LEWES Psychological principles 89 ENEAS SWEETLAND DALLAS On imagination 91 FRANCES POWER COBBE On unconscious cerebration 93 WILLIAM BENJAMIN CARPENTER The power of the will over mental action 95 2. DREAMS 102 ROBERT MACNISH The prophetic character of dreams, and nightmare 102 HENRY HOLLAND On sleep, and the relations of dreaming and insanity 106 GEORGE HENRY LEWES A theory of dreaming 110 FRANCES POWER COBBE Dreams as an illustration of involuntary cerebration 113 JAMES SULLY The dream as a revelation 115 3. DOUBLE CONSCIOUSNESS 123 ROBERT MACNISH The case of Mary Reynolds 123 ARTHUR LADBROKE WIGAN The duality of the mind 124 HENRY HOLLAND On the brain as a double organ 128 JOHN ADDINGTON SYMONDS Dreams and double consciousness 130 FREDERICK W. H. MYERS Multiplex personality 132 THEODULE A. RIBOT Periodic amnesia 138 4. MEMORY 141 DUGALD STEWART Of memory 141 THOMAS DE QUINCEY The palimpsest 143 FORBES BENIGNUS WINSLOW The psychology and pathology of memory 145 ENEAS SWEETLAND DALLAS The hidden soul 148 FRANCES POWER COBBE The fallacies of memory 150 WILLIAM BENJAMIN CARPENTER Of memory 154 HERBERT SPENCER Organic memory 157 SAMUEL BUTLER Life and habit 160 VUl CONTENTS Section III. The Sexual Body 163 Introduction 165 1. DEFINING WOMANHOOD 169 JOHN GIDEON MILLINGEN The passions, or mind and matter 169 ANON. Woman in her psychological relations 170 THOMAS LAYCOCK Mind and brain 176 WILLAM ACTON Want of sexual feeling in the female •• 179 2. THE UTERINE ECONOMY 184 (a) HYSTERIA 184 JOHNCONOLLY Hysteria 184 THOMAS JOHN GRAHAM Early marriages of excellent tendency 187 THOMAS LAYCOCK The nervous diseases of women 188 ROBERT BRUDENELL CARTER Pathology and treatment of hysteria 190 F. c. SKEY The mimicry of hysteria 193 HORATIO BRYAN DONKIN Hysteria 197 (b) MENSTRUATION AND PUBERTY 199 GEORGE MAN BURROWS Menstruation and the female constitution 199 CHARLES LOCOCK The pathology of menstruation 201 PYE HENRY CHAVASSE Advice to a wife 203 HENRY MAUDSLEY Insanity of pubescence 205 CLIFFORD ALLBUTT Gynaecological tyranny 206 3. MASCULINITY AND THE CONTROL OF SEXUALITY 209 WILLIAM ACTON Disorders in childhood and youth 209 ROBERT p. RITCHIE A frequent cause of insanity in young men 215 GEORGE DRYSDALE The evils of abstinence and excess 217 JAMES PAGET Sexual hypochondriasis 222 Section IV. Insanity and Nervous Disorders 225 Introduction 227 1. MORAL MANAGEMENT AND THE RISE OF THE PSYCHIATRIST 231 SAMUEL TUKE Moral treatment at the Retreat 231 ANDREW WYNTER Lunatic asylums 232 IX CONTENTS JEAN ETIENNE ESQUIROL Mental maladies 233 JOHN CONOLLY The non-restraint system 235 CHARLES DICKENS A curious dance round a curious tree 237 ANON. The cure of sick minds 238 JOHN CONOLLY Passion and reason 240 JOHN BARLOW The power of self-control 243 JOHN PERCEVAL The treatment of a gentleman in a state of mental derangement 246 G. MACKENZIE BACON The writing of the insane 249 2. MONOMANIA, MORAL INSANITY, AND MORAL RESPONSIBILITY 251 JAMES COWLES PRICHARD Forms of insanity 251 JEAN ETIENNE ESQUIROL Monomania 256 ALEXANDER MORISON The physiognomy of mental diseases 262 WILLIAM BENJAMIN CARPENTER The progress of monomania 265 HENRY MAUDSLEY A case of moral insanity 266 FORBES BENIGNUS WINSLOW The mysteries of the inner life 269 JOHN CHARLES BUCKNILL Insanity and criminal responsibility 273 HENRY MAUDSLEY The manufacture of lunatics and criminals 275 ANDREW WYNTER The borderlands of insanity 280 GEORGE HENRY SAVAGE Moral insanity 282 Section V Heredity, Degeneration, and Modern Life 285 Introduction 287 1. NERVOUS ECONOMIES: MORBIDITY AND MODERNITY 293 CHARLES TURNER THACKRAH Merchants and master manufacturers 293 ANDREW WYNTER Lunacy on the increase 295 HENRY MAUDSLEY On the causes of insanity 297 CHARLES HENRY FELIX ROUTH Overwork 300 2. CONCEPTS OF DESCENT AND DEGENERATION 303 CHARLES DARWIN Comparison of the mental powers of man and animals 303 THEODULE A. RIBOT Heredity and the law of evolution 306 ERNST HAECKEL Ontogeny and phylogeny 308 CONTENTS EDWIN RAY LANKESTER Degeneration, a chapter in Darwinism 311 AUGUST WEISMANN On heredity 316 T.H.HUXLEY Evolution and ethics 319 3. INHERITED LEGACIES: IDIOCY AND CRIMINALITY 322 ANON. Idiots again 322 HENRY MAUDSLEY IdiOCy 326 FRANCIS GALTON Criminals and the insane 330 HAVELOCK ELLIS Criminal heredity 332 4. CHILDHOOD 335 JAMES CRICHTON-BROWNE Psychical diseases of early life 335 JAMES CRICHTON-BROWNE Brain-forcing 338 JAMES SULLY Babies and science 341 JAMES SULLY Childhood and evolution 344 GEORGE ROMANES The growth of self-consciousness 346 HAVELOCK ELLIS The child as criminal 350 5. RACE AND HYBRIDITY 352 JAMES COWLES PRICHARD Species and varieties 352 ROBERT KNOX The physiological laws of race 356 PIERRE PAUL BROCA On hybridity 360 HENRY MAUDSLEY Cerebral development 364 CHARLES DARWIN The races of man 366 ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE The limits of natural selection 370 6. SEX IN MIND AND EDUCATION 373 HERBERT SPENCER Elements of feminine attraction 373 T. H. HUXLEY Emancipation - black and white 374 CHARLES DARWIN Difference in the mental powers of the two sexes 377 HENRY MAUDSLEY Sex in mind and in education 379 ELIZABETH GARRETT ANDERSON Reply to Maudsley 379 GEORGE ROMANES Mental differences between men and women 384 Notes on Authors 389 Bibliography 413 Index 423 XI.
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