DOCSLIB.ORG

Jean Pierron (1631-1700) : Missionnaire, Diplomate Et Peintre En Amérique

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Jean Pierron (1631-1700) : Missionnaire, Diplomate Et Peintre En Amérique UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL Jean Pierron (1631-1700) : missionnaire, diplomate et peintre en Amérique. par Thibault Finet Département d'histoire Faculté des arts et des sciences Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des Arts et Sciences en vue de l’obtention du grade de maîtrise en Histoire option Recherche. Décembre 2012. © Thibault Finet, 2012. i Université de Montréal Faculté des Arts et Sciences Ce mémoire intitulé : Jean Pierron (1631-1700) : missionnaire, diplomate et peintre en Amérique. Présenté par : Thibault Finet Sera évalué par un jury composé des personnes suivantes : Thomas Wien, président-rapporteur. Dominique Deslandres, directrice de recherche. Catherine Desbarats, membre du jury. ii Résumé La présente recherche se propose de retracer la vie et l’œuvre du père jésuite Jean Pierron (1631-1701), qui, venu de Lorraine, a contribué à la réouverture des missions iroquoises en Nouvelle-France. Arrivé dans la colonie en juin 1667, Pierron, se fit introduire auprès des populations autochtones par Jean Talon, après quoi il eut en charge un territoire d'environ une demi-douzaine de villages agniers de la vallée de l'Hudson. Après avoir livré ses premières impressions, le jésuite mit au point son programme apostolique, faisant appel à une méthode « audio-visuelle » fondée sur le dessin didactique. Mais le jésuite fut aussi un formidable voyageur, qui se rendit non seulement en Iroquoisie, mais aussi en Nouvelle-Angleterre. Il semble bien que ce soit grâce à de précieux réseaux de connaissances en dehors de ceux de la Compagnie de Jésus qu'il put entreprendre un tel voyage. La biographie de ce missionnaire-polyglotte, diplomate et peintre, souligne entre autre choses, l’importance du contexte stratégique et politique plus vaste des missions e françaises en Amérique au XVII siècle. Mots-clés : Missions jésuites, Nouvelle-France, Dix-septième siècle, Jean Pierron, diplomatie, peinture. iii Abstract The following study is devoted to the Jesuit father Jean Pierron (1631-1701). Arriving from Lorraine in 1667, Pierron participated in the Catholic mission to the Mohawk of the Hudson Valley, after being formally introduced to delegates of this nation by the intendant Jean Talon. Working in a half-dozen villages, Pierron designed an audiovisual method of conversion based upon didactic drawings and paintings. The missionary was also an energetic traveller, both within Mohawk territories and to the English colonies. These journeys point to Pierron’s earlier experiences and more precisely, to the network of contacts he seems to have developed in Europe. In sum, the life of this polyglot missionary, diplomat and painter underscores the importance of the broader strategic and political context of the Jesuit missions. Keywords : Jesuit Missions, New France, Seventeenth Century, Jean Pierron. iv Table des matières INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 « Au temps de Katéri » ........................................................................................................ 1 Les images missionnaires .................................................................................................... 9 À la recherche de Jean Pierron .......................................................................................... 10 Parcours d'un missionnaire jésuite..................................................................................... 14 e Chapitre 1 : Naissance d'une vocation missionnaire dans la Lorraine du XVII siècle (1631-1667) .......................................................................................................................... 17 Jean Pierron de Dun-sur-Meuse : problèmes historiographiques ...................................... 18 e La ville de Dun-sur-Meuse au XVII siècle ........................................................................ 23 Prosopographie des Pierron de Dun (1665-1701) ............................................................. 25 Les collèges jésuites en Lorraine : une arme de la Contre-Réforme ................................. 32 La chapelle et le noviciat jésuite de Nancy (1602-1768) .................................................. 36 L'enseignement au noviciat de Nancy ............................................................................... 38 Après le noviciat : exposer sa vocation missionnaire ........................................................ 42 Devenir missionnaire : une question de réseaux ............................................................... 47 Chapitre 2 : Circulation et diplomatie d'un missionnaire lorrain en Iroquoisie au e XVII siècle ........................................................................................................................... 55 Un jésuite en mission de renseignement ? ......................................................................... 58 Relations diplomatiques avec la Nouvelle-Angleterre ...................................................... 64 Contacts hollandais ............................................................................................................ 66 L'Hotinnonchiendi, confédération des Iroquois ................................................................ 70 Français et Iroquois ........................................................................................................... 74 Péril de la paix en la cérémonie de morts .......................................................................... 76 Le traité de l'Agreskoué ..................................................................................................... 83 v Chapitre 3 : Les tableaux de mission et le « jeu de l'oie » de Pierron chez les Agniers (1667-1670) ........................................................................................................................... 88 Tionnontogen : au pays des Agniers ................................................................................. 92 Le jeu du Point au point : entre imagerie jésuite et tradition amérindienne ..................... 94 Les commandes de l'hospitalière Marie Bonaventure ....................................................... 99 Réactions des Amérindiens ............................................................................................. 101 Les images du père Millet ............................................................................................... 109 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................. 113 ANNEXES .......................................................................................................................... 117 «Pierron au Général de la Compagnie de Jésus », 13 janvier 1662 ................................ 117 « Général de la Compagnie de Jésus de Rome à Pierron », 20 mars 1662 ..................... 119 « Pierron au Général de la Compagnie de Jésus », 20 mars 1663 ................................... 120 « Général de la Compagnie de Jésus à Rome à Pierron », 7 mai 1663 ........................... 123 « Jean Pierron de la Cie de Jésus » De la Motte sur le lac Champlain, 12 août 1667 ..... 124 « Pierron à Mme Corlart », 19 septembre 1667 .............................................................. 129 « Pierron à Mr Haims », 19 septembre 1667 ................................................................... 131 « Colonel Niccolls to the Reverend Father Pierron », 20 octobre 1667 .......................... 133 Jean Pierron, Nécrologie officielle de la Curie romaine ................................................ 135 Aborder Québec en 1667 ................................................................................................. 136 BIBLIOGRAPHIE ............................................................................................................ 142 Sources manuscrites ........................................................................................................ 142 Sources imprimées ........................................................................................................... 144 Études documentaires ...................................................................................................... 146 vi Liste des figures Organigramme prosopographique des Pierron (1600-1680).................................................29 Qualité du parrainage des enfants Pierron (1662-1680).......................................................30 Effectif des collèges jésuites en Lorraine (1629-1658).........................................................35 L’Amérique du Nord après le traité de Bréda (1667)...........................................................58 Carte jésuite de l’Iroquoisie………………………………………………………………..71 Carte du Jugement Dernier « Le miroir du monde »............................................................96 Bol pour le jeu de graines....................................................................................................106 « Graines » servant de dé et bâtonnets marqueurs..............................................................107 vii À Martine Fort et Bernard Jacqué viii Remerciements Mes remerciements vont à mes proches qui furent d'un indéfectible soutien, notamment Martine Hardy. Merci également au personnel des Archives jésuites du Canada, sans qui le « dossier Béchard » n'aurait pu se rouvrir. Nous tenons également à remercier Valérie Gamache (Ph.D.) pour ses traductions des textes en langue latine retrouvés dans les Archives jésuites
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Jesuits64jesuuoft.Pdf
    FC , Y. IK THE JESUIT RELATIONS AND ALLIED DOCUMENTS VOL. LXiv The edition consists of sev en hundred and fifty sets all numbered JEAN-BAPTISTE DE SAINT-VALLIER, THE P. TY The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents TRAVELS AND EXPLORATIONS OF THE JESUIT MISSIONARIES IN NEW FRANCE 1610-1791 THE ORIGINAL FRENCH, LATIN, AND ITAL IAN TEXTS, WITH ENGLISH TRANSLA TIONS NOTES ILLUSTRATED BY AND ; PORTRAITS, MAPS, AND FACSIMILES EDITED BY REUBEN GOLD THWA1TES Secretary of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin Vol. LXIV OTTAWAS, LOWER CANADA, IROQUOIS, ILLINOIS: 1689-1695 CLEVELAND: Cbc 3Burrows ^Brothers Company PUBLISHERS. MDCCOC COPYRIGHT, 1900 BY THE BURROWS BROTHERS Co ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The Imperial Press, Cleveland EDITORIAL STAFF Editor REUBEN GOLD THWAITES FINLOW ALEXANDER PERCY FAVOR BICKNELL Translators . CRAWFORD LINDSAY WILLIAM PRICE Assistant Editor EMMA HELEN BLAIR Bibliographical Adviser VICTOR HUGO PALTSITS CONTENTS OF VOL. LXIV PREFACE TO VOLUME LXIV . .11 DOCUMENTS :. CLIX. Lettre ecrite a M. le Gouverneur General de la [nouvelle] france Septentrionale. Etienne Carheil; [Mackinac, 1689] . 22 CLX. Relation de la defaite des Anglois a Quebec. Michel Germain De Convert; [Quebec, October, 1690] 40 r CLXL Lettre ecrite a M . le Comte de Fron- tenac Gouverneur et Lieutenant General pour le Roi en Canada. Jacques Bruyas ; au Sault pres Montreal, April 5, 1691 . 56 CLXII. Lettre a Quelques Missionnaires du Canada. Pierre Millet; Onneitft, July 6, 1691 . .66 CLXIII. Memoire Pour les Iroquois Chrestiens du saut en Canada. Anonymous; February, 1692 . .108 CLXIV. Lettre au R. P. Jean Chauchetiere, a Limoges. Claude Chauchetiere; Villemarie, August 7, 1694 . 116 CLXV. Lettre au P.
    [Show full text]
  • France and the St. Lawrence Mission Villages in War and Peace, 1630-1730
    IN EACH OTHER’S ARMS: FRANCE AND THE ST. LAWRENCE MISSION VILLAGES IN WAR AND PEACE, 1630-1730. by JEAN-FRANÇOIS LOZIER A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Graduate Department of History University of Toronto © Copyright by Jean-François Lozier (2012) In Each Other’s Arms: France and the St. Lawrence Mission Villages in War and Peace, 1630-1730 Jean-François Lozier Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto 2012 Abstract Beginning in the late 1630s, a diversity of Algonquian and Iroquoian peoples established under the auspices of Jesuit and, later, Sulpician missionaries a string of village communities in the St. Lawrence Valley. A diversity of peoples, whom the French lumped under the rubrics of “Algonquins”, “Montagnais”, “Hurons”, “Iroquois”, “Abenakis” and “Loups”, migrated to these villages in the hope of bettering their lives in trying times. This dissertation retraces the formation and the early development of these communities, exploring the entangled influence of armed conflict, diplomacy, kinship, and leadership on migration, community-building, and identity formation. The historiography of the St. Lawrence Valley – the French colonial heartland in North America – has tended to relegate these Aboriginal communities to the margins. Moreover, those scholars who have considered the formation of mission villages have tended to emphasize missionary initiative. Here, these villages are reimagined as a joint creation, the result of intersecting French and Aboriginal desires, needs, and priorities. The significance of these villages as sites of refuge becomes readily apparent, the trajectories of individual communities corresponding with the escalation of conflict or with ii its tense aftermath.
    [Show full text]
  • A New People in an Age of War: the Kahnawake Iroquois, 1667--1760
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1991 A new people in an age of war: The Kahnawake Iroquois, 1667--1760 Gretchen Lynn Green College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Canadian History Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Green, Gretchen Lynn, "A new people in an age of war: The Kahnawake Iroquois, 1667--1760" (1991). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623801. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-kx4k-dy49 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
    [Show full text]
  • Iroquois Women and the Politics of Consumer Civility, 1614-1860
    SHIRTS POWDERED RED: IROQUOIS WOMEN AND THE POLITICS OF CONSUMER CIVILITY, 1614-1860 A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Maeve E. Kane August 2014 © 2014 Maeve Kane SHIRTS POWDERED RED: IROQUOIS WOMEN AND THE POLITICS OF CONSUMER CIVILITY, 1614-1860 Maeve Kane, PhD Cornell University 2014 Female consumers seem familiar to the point of stereotype, but the shopping Indian is unexpected. Consumer culture has been constructed as antithetical to the pre-modern, natural and fictional idealized Indian. Iroquois women in the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries purchased many of the same clothes and fabrics as contemporary non-indigenous consumers, but transformed them in evolving ways that asserted indigenous sovereignty, traditional values and cultural strength. In the nineteenth century reservation period, both non- indigenous “reformers” and Iroquois leaders focused on women's labor and purchasing choices as the heart of Iroquois self-definition: to change women's work was to change the nation. I argue that Iroquois women's consumer choices played a pivotal role in shaping their nations' engagement with expanding colonial settlements, in preserving distinct tribal identities in the face of religious and political pressure, and in crafting a modern indigenous community with traditional values. This project begins with a shirt and ends with a dress—the shirt bought in the seventeenth century by a woman who minimized her daily work load by purchasing clothing rather than making it, and the dress made two hundred years later by a woman who attended college and argued that the best way for Iroquois people to preserve the remainder of their lands was to show Americans how modern Iroquois traditions were.
    [Show full text]
  • REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No
    IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY’S EXPERIENCES WITH CENTERIFUGAL AND CENTRIPETAL FORCES: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE Military History by JONATHAN E. SCHRADER, MAJ, USA B.A., Utica College of Syracuse University, 1994 Fort Leavenworth, KS 2007 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202- 4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 15-06-2007 Master’s Thesis Aug 2006 - Jun 2007 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY’S EXPERIENCES WITH CENTERIFUGAL 5b. GRANT NUMBER AND CENTRIPETAL FORCES: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS 5c.
    [Show full text]
  • The Diocese of St Catharines in Ontario Was Erected by Pope Pius XII on November 9 1958 by a Division of the Archdiocese of Toronto and the Diocese of Hamilton
    The Diocese of St Catharines in Ontario was erected by Pope Pius XII on November 9 1958 by a division of the Archdiocese of Toronto and the Diocese of Hamilton. It comprises the Regional Municipality of Niagara and the County of Haldimand, of Haldimand-Norfolk Regional Municipality. Foreword This short history of the Roman Catholic Diocese of St. Catharines was written in 1982 to meet the needs of three events: 1) the 4th Annual Niagara Peninsula History Conference held at Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada, on Saturday, April 17, 1982, on the subject of "Religion and Churches in the Niagara Peninsula” at which this paper was first delivered: 2) the sesquicentennial (I5Oth) celebrations of the Cathedral of St. Catherine which were held throughout the year 1982: 3) in preparation for the 25th anniversary celebrations of the Diocese of St. Catharines, 1958-1983. I would particularly like to thank the Bishop of St. Catharines, the Most Rev. Thomas B. Fulton, for his kind invitation to research the history of his Diocese in general and to give this paper in particular. My gratitude also to Father, now Msgr., Mel J. Shaefer, then Rector of the Cathedral, and his staff who were always most generous in their hospitality whenever I visited St. Catharines. I would also like to thank the library staff at the central St. Catharines Library and at Brock University for their bibliographical help. Above all I would like to thank Mrs. Karen Booth, Michael Power, Wayne Kirkpatrick, Brian and Virginia O'Sullivan, who as research assistants were able to put before me a wealth of historic material, some of it long forgotten.
    [Show full text]
  • 37131055290563D.Pdf
    THE JESUIT RELATIONS AND ALLIED DOCUMENTS VOL. LX The edition consists of sev­ en hundred and fifty sets all numbered NO ... _..I..i. ..... The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents TRAVELS AND EXPLORATIONS OF THE JESUIT MISSIONARIES IN NEW FRANCE 1610-1791 THE ORIGINAL FRENCH, LATIN, AND ITAL­ IAN TEXTS, WITH ENGLISH TRANSLA­ TIONS AND NOTES; ILLUSTRATED BY PORTRAITS, MAPS, AND FACSIMILES EDITED BY REUBEN GOLD THW AITES Secretary of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin Vol. LX LOWER CANADA, ILLINOIS, IROQUOIS, OTTAWAS: 1675 - 1677 CLEVELAND: lrbe:tl3urrows J3rotbers <tOmpan12, PUBLISHERS, M DCCCC COPYRIGHT, 1900 BY THE BURROWS BROTHERS Co ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Tlu ImJ'I'lal P,.,ss. Cllveland EDITORIAL STAFF Editor REUBEN GOLD THWAITES FINLOW ALEXANDER PERCY FAVOR BICKNELL Translators . eRA WFORD LINDSAY IWILLIAM PRICE Assistant Editor EMMA HELEN BLAIR Bibliographical Adviser VICTOR HUGO PALTSITS CONTENTS OF VOL. LX PREFACE TO VOLUME LX I 1 DOCUMENTS :- CXXXIX. Etat present des Missions des peres de la Compagnie de Jesus en la Nouvelle-France, pendant l'annee 1675. Claude Dablon/ [Quebec, 1675J [Final installment.J 25 CXL. De la chapelle de Notre-Dame de Lorette en Canada. Martin Bou­ vart,' [Lorette, March I and 2, 1675J 68 CXLI. Lettre a --. Jean Enjalran,· Sillery, October 13, 1676 104 CXLII. Recit d'un 3e voyage faict aux Ili­ nois. Claude Allois,' n. p., [1677 ca.J 148 CXLIII. Relation de ce qui s'est passe en la N ovvelle France, es annees 1676. & 1677. Claude Dablon,' n.p., [1677]. [With extracts from letters by the following missionaries: Henri Nouvel, J an­ uary I, 1676; Jean de Lamberville, January 18, 1676; Antoine Silvy, April 6, 1676; Philippe Pierson, April 25, 1676; Louis Andre, April 30, 1676; Jacques de Lamberville, May 6, 1676; Claude Allouez, May 26, 1676; Pierre Millet, June I, 1676; Jacques Bruyas, July 31, 1676; Jacques Vaultier, January I, 1677; Pierre Cholenec, January 2, 1677; Jean Morain, June 20, 1677; Franfois de Crlpieul, and Jean Baptiste Boucher, undated.] 169 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATA: VOLUME LX 311 NOTES 315 ILLUSTRATION TO VOL.
    [Show full text]