Tyler's Quarterly Historical and Genealogical Magazine
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Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/tylersquarterlyh5192tyle / 1 GENEALOGY 975. 5 IliilTilflillill T97NA 3 1833 01799 9894 1923-1924 Tyler's Quarterly Historical THE SARAH CONSTANT. GOODSPEED AND DISCOVERY Tfc* Mi(t Tfcat Rrou«kt ik* FouD<J*r> ol tb« Nation to Jamr*lown, IG07. an i GENEALOGICAL MAGAZINE ! <; dito« LYON TYL1 R, M. A , LL. I). V< il.r.MF. V. RICHMOND, Va. Richmond Pbem, Int., Printer* 192 i 6 Spier's Quarterly historical anb (Genealogical j03aga?mc Vol. V. JULY, 1 !>;>:!. Xo. 1. A T< >i'< (OKAl'Il ICAU DESi'UIPTlOX OF Till'. I OUXTY OF PRINCE GEORGE, IX VIRGINIA, 1793.' By the Rev. John' Jokes Spooner, A. M. A." A. S., Rector of Martin's Brandon, iu said County. This county is bounded on the north by James river, which washes it about thirty-five nules; on the east, partly by upper Chippoth creek, nud partly by the Surry line; on the south, by Mirrv, Sus-ex. and Dinwiddie counties; and on 'the west, by Appomattox river. It is in length about thirty miles; its breadth is various: the medium is sixteen miles. It originally formed part of Charles City county, which is now confined to the northern side of James river. The river is here about one mile wide at the points; but in the bays, from two to three miles; at the confluence of the Appomattox is City Point, which with Bermuda Hundred, on the opposite side of the Appomattox, forms the port of this district. Vessels of five hundred tons may here load and unload. At Hoods, about eighteen miles below, a Britufa ship of forty-four guns has lain. Appomattox is navigable for square rigged vessels seven miles; from this to Petersburg, it is only navigable for vessels of less than sixty tons. The James is one of the most noble rivers in the United States. <'•.] ri f r. r : i li-<i i, ,n> ..f th.- M;i ^<:o hn«-t t s Historical Society." for the year 17JM, Vol. HI.. |MgM V>-n.'i. It«-v. John Jones • r was ufterwnnls r«*< tor of St. John's Parish in Hamilton. (There h*» (1I»hI S*-iiti-riil>er 13, 17W. a^cil 42. His t"inl>stone is In the Hampton churchyard. ; Magazine 2 Tyler's Quarterly varies in breadth from one to From its mouth to City Point, it only four hundred yards m six miles/except at Hoods, where it is to erect a fort for the width. (Here is a very eligible situation of necessity.) It defence of the upper part of the river, in a case one hundred and forty tons burthen to is navigable for vessels of miles from Cape Henry, Richmond, which is one hundred and sixty from the Atlantic Ocean. the entrance to the Bay of Chesapeake great number of smaller streams, which In its progress it receives a several miles. From Prince are for the most part navigable for Appomattox and Chippoah, Bailey's, George it receives, besides the others of less note. The Powell's and Ward's creeks, with some Black Water, and the southern part of this county is watered by extensive swamp rising in streams which fall into it. This is an running a very lengthy the southwest part of Prince George, and in North Carolina. In course, it empties into Albemarle sound, narrow breadth, and is navig- summer it is, however, confined to a able only for canoes. various kinds. These rivers and creeks abound with fish of sheep's In James river are found the sturgeon, shad, bass, carp, has also a gTeat head, drum, herring, perch and cats, etc. It there are none so abundance of oysters and crabs; of the former the spring there are high up as this, and but few of the latter. In taken in seines upwards immense numbers of shads and herrings ; taken in a single haul of five thousand of the former have been the same number of the latter is not uncommon. here the improvements It is not digressing far, to mention now making in the navigation of this river. seven miles above. The falls commence at Richmond, and extend rocks; over and The bed of the river is filled with innumerable Canals have between which the waters rush with great rapidity. solid rock, been dug round these falls, and partly excavated from a impediments higher and locks have been constructed. The various labour and up the river have been removed, all with infinite flat boats, is navigable for large great expense ; so that it rendered more than carrying twenty hogsheads of tobacco, from Lynchburg, a hundred and forty miles above Richmond. with the tidewaters, which It is intended to connect this canal A Topographical Description of Prixce George Co. 3 flow to the lower edge of the falls; this will be completed in the course of the summer. The head branches of the river have been explored, and a report made, that the navigation may be carried through the ridges, to the foot of the Alleghany mountains, which will be attempted, when the canal is finished. Xot unconnected with this is the attempt now making to unite the waters of James river with those of Albemarle sound, in North Carolina, by the way of Elizabeth river, and a canal through the Dismal Swamp, to the head of Pasquotank. This is in considerable forwardness. In the winter season, there is a great number of wild fowl on this river and its waters, viz., swans, geese, shelldrakes, a variety of ducks and teal. The woods afford wild turkies, "partridges in abundance, a few pheasants, pigeons, some deer, and other game common to the rest of America. Here is also that singular animal, the opossum. The reptiles are nearly the same as in the more northern parts of America, with some not known there. The scorpion, which is very venomous, is frequently seen here. Lizards of various colours are common, but are quite harmless! The snakes are much the same. Eattlesnakes are not often seen, but in lieu of them, the mocasson is frequently found on the water courses; these are venomous and bold. The jointed and spur snakes are sometimes met with. Of the two latter I have not seen any ; but am well informed the former is composed of joints about an inch in length, which are scaly and brittle. It is said, on being struck, it immediately breaks off at every joint. The latter takes its name from a spur or dart at the of its tail, with which it inflicts a dangerous wound, and is the same which Carver calls the thorn tail snake. The face of the country is neither level nor hilly, but in some degree broken and rising into gentle swellings. Upon the water courses, are commonly rich lowgrounds, admirably adapted for grass, hemp, or flax, and when drained, produce abundant crops of corn and wheat. The high lands are generally of a light loam, interspersed with tracts of sandy or clayey soils. The whole, totally free from rocks, and almost so from loose stones. Many of the points, making into the river, are formed of a rich, deep, black loam, capable, without manure, of producing any crops in 4 Tyler's Quarterly Magazine abundance, and are not inferior to the best lands in the Atlantick States. Through this county from west to east runs a ridge (though not high) of clayey, barren land, covered with pines, and a few miserable oaks. This divides the waters that fall into James river, from those which empty into Black Water. Southward of this ridge, the soil is more sandy, less productive, and not generally so healthy as the northern side. Upon the river and the navigable creeks are extensive bodies of marsh, sometimes flowed by the tide, which rises here about three feet. The timber consists of oaks, of various kinds (sufficient within a convenient distance of navigation to build a formidable navy, and of good quality), with all the different species known in the Eastern States, and others which do not grow there. Mr. Jefferson has enumerated them in his Notes on Virginia, to which I refer. The woods abound with wild grapes, some of the vines of a prodigious size; with an infinite variety of flowering shrubs and plants. Here is also, in abundance, sarsaparilla, snake-root, and ginseng. Notwithstanding, when the English first made their settle- ments here, this formed part of an extensive and formidable empire under King Powhatan, it does not appear the Indians had any considerable seats in this county. A few places on the river only contain vestiges of the original inhabitants. These are traced on some of the points above- mentioned, by the quantity of oyster and muscle shells, upon and near the surface of the earth, by the rude misshapen tools they used, and the points of their arrows (both formed of stone) which are frequently met with at those places. Mr. Jefferson mentions a small tribe that resided in Surry, on the eastern side of Upper Chippoah. Probably their residence was at Clermont, the seat of William Allen, Esq., which is at the confluence of that creek with the river, and where I have frequently met with traces of them. I do not find that any barrows, or burial places of the abo- rigines, have been discovered in this neighborhood. Single graves A Topographical Description- of Prince George Co. 5 are sometimes found. These are dry, only eighteen or twenty inches deep ; the bodies uniformly deposited, with the heads to the north, and filled up with muscle shells, probably to prevent dogs or vermin from scratching up the bodies.