Cassini-Huygens Solstice Mission
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Exomars Schiaparelli Direct-To-Earth Observation Using GMRT
TECHNICAL ExoMars Schiaparelli Direct-to-Earth Observation REPORTS: METHODS 10.1029/2018RS006707 using GMRT S. Esterhuizen1, S. W. Asmar1 ,K.De2, Y. Gupta3, S. N. Katore3, and B. Ajithkumar3 Key Point: • During ExoMars Landing, GMRT 1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA, 2Cahill Center for Astrophysics, observed UHF transmissions and California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA, 3National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune, India Doppler shift used to identify key events as only real-time aliveness indicator Abstract During the ExoMars Schiaparelli separation event on 16 October 2016 and Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) events 3 days later, the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) near Pune, India, Correspondence to: S. W. Asmar, was used to directly observe UHF transmissions from the Schiaparelli lander as they arrive at Earth. The [email protected] Doppler shift of the carrier frequency was measured and used as a diagnostic to identify key events during EDL. This signal detection at GMRT was the only real-time aliveness indicator to European Space Agency Citation: mission operations during the critical EDL stage of the mission. Esterhuizen, S., Asmar, S. W., De, K., Gupta, Y., Katore, S. N., & Plain Language Summary When planetary missions, such as landers on the surface of Mars, Ajithkumar, B. (2019). ExoMars undergo critical and risky events, communications to ground controllers is very important as close to real Schiaparelli Direct-to-Earth observation using GMRT. time as possible. The Schiaparelli spacecraft attempted landing in 2016 was supported in an innovative way. Radio Science, 54, 314–325. A large radio telescope on Earth was able to eavesdrop on information being sent from the lander to other https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RS006707 spacecraft in orbit around Mars. -
Aerothermodynamic Analysis of a Mars Sample Return Earth-Entry Vehicle" (2018)
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Summer 2018 Aerothermodynamic Analysis of a Mars Sample Return Earth- Entry Vehicle Daniel A. Boyd Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/mae_etds Part of the Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Commons, Space Vehicles Commons, and the Thermodynamics Commons Recommended Citation Boyd, Daniel A.. "Aerothermodynamic Analysis of a Mars Sample Return Earth-Entry Vehicle" (2018). Master of Science (MS), Thesis, Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/xhmz-ax21 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/mae_etds/43 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AEROTHERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A MARS SAMPLE RETURN EARTH-ENTRY VEHICLE by Daniel A. Boyd B.S. May 2008, Virginia Military Institute M.A. August 2015, Webster University A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE AEROSPACE ENGINEERING OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY August 2018 Approved by: __________________________ Robert L. Ash (Director) __________________________ Oktay Baysal (Member) __________________________ Jamshid A. Samareh (Member) __________________________ Shizhi Qian (Member) ABSTRACT AEROTHERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A MARS SAMPLE RETURN EARTH-ENTRY VEHICLE Daniel A. Boyd Old Dominion University, 2018 Director: Dr. Robert L. Ash Because of the severe quarantine constraints that must be imposed on any returned extraterrestrial samples, the Mars sample return Earth-entry vehicle must remain intact through sample recovery. -
JUICE Red Book
ESA/SRE(2014)1 September 2014 JUICE JUpiter ICy moons Explorer Exploring the emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants Definition Study Report European Space Agency 1 This page left intentionally blank 2 Mission Description Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer Key science goals The emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants Characterise Ganymede, Europa and Callisto as planetary objects and potential habitats Explore the Jupiter system as an archetype for gas giants Payload Ten instruments Laser Altimeter Radio Science Experiment Ice Penetrating Radar Visible-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Spectrometer Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph Imaging System Magnetometer Particle Package Submillimetre Wave Instrument Radio and Plasma Wave Instrument Overall mission profile 06/2022 - Launch by Ariane-5 ECA + EVEE Cruise 01/2030 - Jupiter orbit insertion Jupiter tour Transfer to Callisto (11 months) Europa phase: 2 Europa and 3 Callisto flybys (1 month) Jupiter High Latitude Phase: 9 Callisto flybys (9 months) Transfer to Ganymede (11 months) 09/2032 – Ganymede orbit insertion Ganymede tour Elliptical and high altitude circular phases (5 months) Low altitude (500 km) circular orbit (4 months) 06/2033 – End of nominal mission Spacecraft 3-axis stabilised Power: solar panels: ~900 W HGA: ~3 m, body fixed X and Ka bands Downlink ≥ 1.4 Gbit/day High Δv capability (2700 m/s) Radiation tolerance: 50 krad at equipment level Dry mass: ~1800 kg Ground TM stations ESTRAC network Key mission drivers Radiation tolerance and technology Power budget and solar arrays challenges Mass budget Responsibilities ESA: manufacturing, launch, operations of the spacecraft and data archiving PI Teams: science payload provision, operations, and data analysis 3 Foreword The JUICE (JUpiter ICy moon Explorer) mission, selected by ESA in May 2012 to be the first large mission within the Cosmic Vision Program 2015–2025, will provide the most comprehensive exploration to date of the Jovian system in all its complexity, with particular emphasis on Ganymede as a planetary body and potential habitat. -
Huygens Probe Set to Detach from Cassini Orbiter Tonight 24 December 2004
Update: Huygens Probe Set to Detach From Cassini Orbiter Tonight 24 December 2004 mission is approximately $3 billion. Many of these sophisticated instruments are capable of multiple functions, and the data that they gather will be studied by scientists worldwide. Aerosol Collector and Pyrolyser (ACP) will collect aerosols for chemical-composition analysis. After extension of the sampling device, a pump will draw the atmosphere through filters which capture aerosols. Each sampling device can collect about 30 micrograms of material. Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer (DISR) can take images and make spectral measurements using sensors covering a wide spectral range. A few hundred metres before impact, the instrument will switch on its lamp in order to acquire spectra of the surface material. The highlights of the first year of the Cassini- Doppler Wind Experiment (DWE) uses radio Huygens mission to Saturn can be broken into two signals to deduce atmospheric properties. The chapters: first, the arrival of the Cassini orbiter at probe drift caused by winds in Titan's atmosphere Saturn in June, and second, the release of the will induce a measurable Doppler shift in the carrier Huygens probe on Dec. 24, 2004, on a path signal. The swinging motion of the probe beneath toward Titan. (read PhysOrg story) its parachute and other radio-signal-perturbing effects, such as atmospheric attenuation, may also The Huygens probe, built and managed by the be detectable from the signal. European Space Agency (ESA), is bolted to Cassini and fed electrical power through an Gas Chromatograph and Mass Spectrometer umbilical cable. It has been riding along during the (GCMS) is a versatile gas chemical analyser nearly seven-year journey to Saturn largely in a designed to identify and quantify various "sleep" mode, awakened every six months for atmospheric constituents. -
Mars, the First Results from the Cassini-Huygens Probe Which Landed on Titan and Robotic Space Missions
OH 404 new.qxd 20/02/2006 11:49 Page 1 OpenHouse Newspaper for staff of The Open University Issue number 404 Jan - Feb 2006 Military Coup by Peter Taylor-Whiffen THOUSANDS of members of the Armed Forces will be numbers are expected to increase by a total of 400 studying Open University MBA courses after the OU learners across all three defence services within five signed a 22-year deal to provide courses for the years. military. A Ministry of Defence statement said: “Individuals at The university will work in partnership with Cranfield all levels from the Royal Navy, Army, Royal Air Force and University to deliver postgraduate education to military the Civil Service will benefit from this investment and the personnel through the Ministry of Defence’s Defence higher level education and training it provides for.” College of Management and Technology (DCMT) – and it’s And Defence Minister Don Touhig added: “We expect expected at least 400 servicemen and women will sign up our Armed Forces to operate in an increasingly complex every year. and demanding environment. We can’t ask this of our “It’s very good news indeed,” said the OU’s Head of Service personnel, and the civilians who support them, Strategic Partnerships, Edmund Dixon. “It’s the reward unless we invest in their ongoing training and for a lot of hard work tendering and then further development. impressing the MoD when we made a shortlist.” “This contract provides access to the very best Cranfield has worked with the DCMT, at Shrivenham, postgraduate education and the flexibility to help equip Wiltshire for many years but its previous contract ended our people to meet these challenges.” last year and other universities were invited to apply. -
Digital Opportunity: a Review of Intellectual Property and Growth
Digital Opportunity A Review of Intellectual Property and Growth An Independent Report by Professor Ian Hargreaves May 2011 Contents Page Foreword by Ian Hargreaves 01 Executive Summary 03 Chapter 1 Intellectual Property and Growth 10 Chapter 2 The Evidence Base 16 Chapter 3 The International Context 21 Chapter 4 Copyright Licensing: a Moment of Opportunity 26 Chapter 5 Copyright: Exceptions for the Digital Age 41 Chapter 6 Patents 53 Chapter 7 Designs 64 Chapter 8 Enforcement and Disputes 67 Chapter 9 SMEs and the IP Framework 86 Chapter 10 An Adaptive IP Framework 91 Chapter 11 Impact 97 Annex A Terms of Reference 101 Annex B Stakeholders Met during Review of IP and Growth 102 Annex C Call for Evidence Submissions 105 Annex D List of Supporting Documents 109 Foreword When the Prime Minister commissioned this review in November 2010, he did so in terms which some considered provocative. The Review was needed, the PM said, because of the risk that the current intellectual property framework might not be sufficiently well designed to promote innovation and growth in the UK economy. In the five months we have had to compile the Review, we have sought never to lose sight of David Cameron’s “exam question”. Could it be true that laws designed more than three centuries ago with the express purpose of creating economic incentives for innovation by protecting creators’ rights are today obstructing innovation and economic growth? The short answer is: yes. We have found that the UK’s intellectual property framework, especially with regard to copyright, is falling behind what is needed. -
3.1 Discipline Science Results
CASSINI FINAL MISSION REPORT 2019 1 SATURN Before Cassini, scientists viewed Saturn’s unique features only from Earth and from a few spacecraft flybys. During more than a decade orbiting the gas giant, Cassini studied the composition and temperature of Saturn’s upper atmosphere as the seasons changed there. Cassini also provided up-close observations of Saturn’s exotic storms and jet streams, and heard Saturn’s lightning, which cannot be detected from Earth. The Grand Finale orbits provided valuable data for understanding Saturn’s interior structure and magnetic dynamo, in addition to providing insight into material falling into the atmosphere from parts of the rings. Cassini’s Saturn science objectives were overseen by the Saturn Working Group (SWG). This group consisted of the scientists on the mission interested in studying the planet itself and phenomena which influenced it. The Saturn Atmospheric Modeling Working Group (SAMWG) was formed to specifically characterize Saturn’s uppermost atmosphere (thermosphere) and its variation with time, define the shape of Saturn’s 100 mbar and 1 bar pressure levels, and determine when the Saturn safely eclipsed Cassini from the Sun. Its membership consisted of experts in studying Saturn’s upper atmosphere and members of the engineering team. 2 VOLUME 1: MISSION OVERVIEW & SCIENCE OBJECTIVES AND RESULTS CONTENTS SATURN ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Executive -
Educator's Guide
EDUCATOR’S GUIDE ABOUT THE FILM Dear Educator, “ROVING MARS”is an exciting adventure that This movie details the development of Spirit and follows the journey of NASA’s Mars Exploration Opportunity from their assembly through their Rovers through the eyes of scientists and engineers fantastic discoveries, discoveries that have set the at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Steve Squyres, pace for a whole new era of Mars exploration: from the lead science investigator from Cornell University. the search for habitats to the search for past or present Their collective dream of Mars exploration came life… and maybe even to human exploration one day. true when two rovers landed on Mars and began Having lasted many times longer than their original their scientific quest to understand whether Mars plan of 90 Martian days (sols), Spirit and Opportunity ever could have been a habitat for life. have confirmed that water persisted on Mars, and Since the 1960s, when humans began sending the that a Martian habitat for life is a possibility. While first tentative interplanetary probes out into the solar they continue their studies, what lies ahead are system, two-thirds of all missions to Mars have NASA missions that not only “follow the water” on failed. The technical challenges are tremendous: Mars, but also “follow the carbon,” a building block building robots that can withstand the tremendous of life. In the next decade, precision landers and shaking of launch; six months in the deep cold of rovers may even search for evidence of life itself, space; a hurtling descent through the atmosphere either signs of past microbial life in the rock record (going from 10,000 miles per hour to 0 in only six or signs of past or present life where reserves of minutes!); bouncing as high as a three-story building water ice lie beneath the Martian surface today. -
So, Has Voyager 1 Left the Solar System? Scientists Face Off Cosmic-Ray Fluctuations Could Mean the Craft Has Exited the Sun's Magnetic Field
NATURE | NEWS So, has Voyager 1 left the Solar System? Scientists face off Cosmic-ray fluctuations could mean the craft has exited the Sun's magnetic field. Ron Cowen 21 March 2013 A space physicist this week suggests that NASA’s venerable Voyager 1 spacecraft has become the first vehicle to venture beyond the heliosphere — the magnetic bubble created by the Sun — but other mission scientists disagree. William Webber of New Mexico State University in Las Cruces bases the claim on signals recorded last August by the Voyager 1 cosmic-ray subsystem — a device that he helped to build — along with his late colleague and study co-author Francis McDonald. JPL-Caltech/NASA Voyager 1 recorded a sudden drop in cosmic rays The instrument recorded a dramatic drop in the intensity of the cosmic rays trapped last August, a possible sign that it had left the in the Sun’s magnetic field and a concomitant rise in that of rays generated by more Sun's sphere of influence. distant reaches of the Galaxy. That pattern indicates that Voyager 1 has travelled beyond the Sun’s magnetic influence and is no longer being shielded from galactic cosmic rays, the researchers report in a study published online this week in Geophysical Research Letters1. But if one is to believe a press release issued by NASA on 20 March (the same day the report was published), the two researchers jumped the gun. Other Voyager scientists who analysed the same data last autumn reiterate what they said then: the cosmic-ray data indicate that Voyager 1 is in a transition zone within the outer part of the heliosphere, but until a dramatic change in magnetic-field intensity and direction is detected, the craft remains firmly within the Sun’s magnetic sphere of influence. -
PDF Program Book
46th Meeting of the Division for Planetary Sciences with Historical Astronomy Division (HAD) 9-14 November 2014 | Tucson, AZ OFFICERS AND MEMBERS ........ 2 SPONSORS ............................... 2 EXHIBITORS .............................. 3 FLOOR PLANS ........................... 5 ATTENDEE SERVICES ................. 8 Session Numbering Key SCHEDULE AT-A-GLANCE ........ 10 100s Monday 200s Tuesday SUNDAY ................................. 20 300s Wednesday 400s Thursday MONDAY ................................ 23 500s Friday TUESDAY ................................ 44 Sessions are numbered in the program book by day and time. WEDNESDAY .......................... 75 All posters will be on display Monday - Friday THURSDAY.............................. 85 FRIDAY ................................. 119 Changes after 1 October are included only in the online program materials. AUTHORS INDEX .................. 137 1 DPS OFFICERS AND MEMBERS Current DPS Officers Heidi Hammel Chair Bonnie Buratti Vice-Chair Athena Coustenis Secretary Andrew Rivkin Treasurer Nick Schneider Education and Public Outreach Officer Vishnu Reddy Press Officer Current DPS Committee Members Rosaly Lopes Term Expires November 2014 Robert Pappalardo Term Expires November 2014 Ralph McNutt Term Expires November 2014 Ross Beyer Term Expires November 2015 Paul Withers Term Expires November 2015 Julie Castillo-Rogez Term Expires October 2016 Jani Radebaugh Term Expires October 2016 SPONSORS 2 EXHIBITORS Platinum Exhibitor Silver Exhibitors 3 EXHIBIT BOOTH ASSIGNMENTS 206 Applied -
FROM the SUN to the STARS Narration & Sync Transcript FINAL
FROM THE SUN TO THE STARS narration & sync transcript FINAL page 1 of 35 FROM THE SUN TO THE STARS Transcript including narration (in caps) and sync dialog (lower case.) Existing “open” captions (lower thirds and web icons and language sub-titles noted.) Underwriter announce: “FROM THE SUN TO THE STARS” IS MADE POSSIBLE, IN PART, BY NASA, THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION. (Sputnik beep) Narration: IN JUST FIFTY YEARS, WE’VE GONE FROM ONE SIMPLE SATELLITE CIRCLING EARTH… …TO MANY THOUSANDS OF OBJECTS ORBITING OUR PLANET. THE FIRST DISCOVERY OF THE SPACE AGE WAS THAT BELTS OF RADIATION SURROUND US. NOW WE KNOW THAT FORCES ORIGINATING AT THE SUN EXTEND OUT ALMOST EIGHT BILLION MILES, TO THE VERY EDGE OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM. (Music swells) …AND THAT OUR HIGH-TECH CIVILIZATION IS MIGHTILY IMPACTED BY “SPACE WEATHER” NICKY FOX: (no lower third here) We live in the atmosphere of the sun so when the Sun sneezes the Earth catches a cold. IT WAS THE “INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR” OF 1957 THAT LAUNCHED THE SPACE AGE. TWO THOUSAND SEVEN AND EIGHT HAVE BEEN WHAT’S KNOWN AS THE “INTERNATIONAL HELIOPHYSICAL YEAR” OR “IHY.” IT’S A TIME TO PLAN NEW SPACECRAFT… …AND TO RECRUIT A NEW GENERATION OF TEACHERS, STUDENTS, AND SCIENTISTS IN NATIONS ACROSS THE GLOBE TO WORK IN SPACE PHYSICS. (Segment titles – text over black – fly in rapidly) FROM THE SUN TO THE STARS narration & sync transcript FINAL page 2 of 35 EACH ACT IN OUR PROGRAM STANDS ALONE… BUT TOGETHER THEY’RE A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF IHY… AND WHEN YOU SEE THIS ICON, THAT’S A SIGNAL THERE’S LOTS MORE INFORMATION ONLINE. -
MOONS of the SOLAR SYSTEM Europa Narrator: Ever Since Man First Looked Into the Heavens, the Most Intriguing Question Has Alway
MOONS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM Europa Narrator: Ever since man first looked into the heavens, the most intriguing question has always been, "Are we alone?". An icy world, circling Jupiter, could answer that age old question. Professor Michele Dougherty: Moons in our Solar system are very important so that we can understand how they formed and what their interiors are made of, then we'll better understand how our planets formed, and so we'll better understand where we came from. Dr Lewis Dartnell: We now think that beneath the frozen shell of Europa there lies an ocean with more liquid water in it than al the seas and lakes and rivers and oceans for the whole of the Earth put together. And on Earth, where there's water there's life. Narrator: Europa first attracted attention back in the 1970s, when the Voyager spacecraft flew past Jupiter and took the first close up images of its moons. Dr David Rothery: The Voyager fly bys showed that Europa had a young surface and we already knew it was icy and we already knew that the ice couldn't be more than about a 100 kilometres thick. The question was, is it ice all the way the to the rock or is the ice sitting on top of some water? And because it looks like though the surface has moved around a little bit, a lot of people including Arthur C Clarke, the famous science fiction author, were suggesting there is water down there below the ice. Mission Audio: The spacecraft is stable.