DOCSLIB.ORG

Information and Liaison Bulletin N°343

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

INSTITUT KURDE DE PARIS Information and liaison bulletin N°343 october 2013 The publication of this Bulletin enjoys a subsidy from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DGCID) aqnd the Fonds d’action et de soutien pour l’intégration et la lutte contre les discriminations (The Fund for action and support of integration and the struggle against discrimination) This bulletin is issued in French and English Price per issue : France: 6 € — Abroad : 7,5 € Annual subscribtion (12 issues) France : 60 € — Elsewhere : 75 € Monthly review Directeur de la publication : Mohamad HASSAN Numéro de la Commission Paritaire : 659 15 A.S. ISBN 0761 1285 INSTITUT KURDE, 106, rue La Fayette - 75010 PARIS Tel. : 01-48 24 64 64 - Fax : 01-48 24 64 66 www.fikp.org E-mail: bulletin@fikp.org Information and liaison bulletin Kurdish Institute of Paris Bulletin N° 343 October 2013 • IRAQI KURDISTAN: SOME SUSPECTS ARREST- ED FOLLOWING THE ERBIL BOMB ATTACK. • IRAN: SEVERAL KURDISH PRISONERS HAVE BEEN EXECUTED. • TURKEY: A NEW PARTY HAS BEEN FORMED, THE HDP. • SYRIAN KURDISTAN: TENSIONS BETWEEN THE PYD AND THE IRAQI KURDISTAN GOVERN- MENT. • MOSCOW: DEATH OF THE KURDISH STUDIES SPECIALIST OLGA JIGALINA. IRAQI KURDISTAN: SOME SUSPECTS ARRESTED FOLLOWING THE ERBIL BOMB ATTACK n 9 October, the with explosives the three wherever they were, even in Kurdish National kamikazis. Samo Bakr Yunis is Syria. Security Council, led even said to have admitted that by Masrur Barzani, he had himself detonated at a For the moment, the only mea- O (who is also head of distance the explosion of one of sures that have been taken have the Asyish) announced the arrest the vehicles. been to seal the Region off, and of three men, all three are Arabs especially to drastically filter any and presumed to be members of ISIS is said to have posted a state- Iraqi Arabs entering Iraqi the jihadist Islamic State of Iraq ment on a Jihadist forum claim- Kurdistan, although in that festi- and Syria (ISIS) or of the ing the attack and accusing the val period there flocks of Levant), suspected of being KRG of supporting the Kurdish tourists. Many of them were involved in the bomb attack. forces in Syria that are fighting turned back, especially men Their names and pictures were the islamists. Another hypothesis travelling on their own. rapidly revealed to the media: was suggested in the Arabic lan- Samir Bakr Yunis, Mohammed guage paper Asharaq Al Aswat However, although the income Khalil Qaddusg and Hashem by an anonymous Kurd: the from tourism was halved com- Saleh Mohammed. They are all release of members of the terror- pared with previous years, those originally from Mosul. ist organisation, who are being Kurds who lived largely on detained in the Asayish prisons. tourism did not show any According to an Asayish official, The terrorists are said to have resentment at these measures. Tariq Nuri, the suspects, mem- seized buildings to free the pris- The principal concern of every- bers of ISIS, bought the two oners and to have failed to get one in the Region is, above all to vehicles that were used in past the prison cordon. remain that “other Iraq” — that is Kirkuk, a province outside the a save enclave for its inhabitants, KRG. They then took them to President Masud Barzani threat- be they natives or refugees in the Mosul, armed and equipped ened to strike at the terrorists provinces of Erbil, • 2 • Information and liaison bulletin n° 343 • October 2013 Sulaymaniyah or Duhok. This listed as valid residents were name Abu Abdullah), born in safety would ensure that, in any expelled. 1947 in Mosul and of Iraqi case, business would soon pick nationality. up again. Thus a fairly similar ISIS is active in Iraq, especially attack that occurred in 2007 had in Mosul, and regularly threat- In Mosul these jihadists regularly not reduced the feeling of securi- ens the Kurdish Region. This threaten the Kurdish and Christian ty that all those who travel in the attack may be the forerunner of religious minorities (Shabaks and KRG. a series of attacks against the Yezidis) and Generally all that Asayish, since the KRG’s they consider contrary to their nar- The bitterest or most disappoint- General Director of Security row views of Islam. They even ed reactions came from the Iraqi announced, at the end of the issued a fatwa, recently, against holidaymakers who had been month, the arrest of the two ter- teachers of English in the City, turned back. It should, however, rorists carrying explosive belts accusing them of teaching a for- be noted that Arabs who had a and members of the same organ- eign language that Moslems valid residential permit were not isation. These two were Guetbah should not learn. The Mosul head refused entry, but the Asayish Ahmed Qassem Khatteb (code of Security told the Kurdish paper checked all the files on resident name Abu Qataba), of Syrian BasNews that, since the beginning foreigners in the KRG, and all origin, born in Aleppo in 1966 of October 9 English teachers had those who had no job or were and Qader Nasser Khdaier (code been assassinated. IRAN: SEVERAL KURDISH PRISONERS HAVE BEEN EXECUTED he new Presidency has Mewlayi were, however, already according to the International not softened the fate of in detention at the time of the Campaign for Human Rights in Kurdish political prison- murder, according to Amnesty Iran. ers — indeed, the rate of International. This absurdity, T hangings has even however, didn’t worry the Loqman and Zanyar Moradi speeded up in a very worrying judges who seem to assume that were arrested on 2 August 2009 manner bearing in mind the the Kurds of Sine have a singu- and condemned for involvement number of Kurds in death row. lar gift for ubiquity. in the murder of the imam’s son, for being enemies of god and for While the year 2012 saw a drop Amnesty International has also having taken part in armed in the number of executions, warned about the fate of two actions of the Komala (a Kurdish 2013, on the contrary, has seen other Kurds. Hamid Ahmadi movement) although they the number increased, with 304 always affirmed that all the known hangings and 234 other and Sedigh Mohammadi, also charges had been set up by the secret executions, according to sentenced to capital punishment, secret services and that they had sources that Amnesty were transferred to solitary con- only “confessed” after severe International considers reliable. finement on 26 September, torture. which is often the preliminary to On 4 October, an Imam of the execution. They were convicted The International Campaign for Kurdish city of Sine (Sanandaj), on the somewhat flimsy grounds Human Rights in Iran has since in the course of his Friday ser- o being “enemies of God” and of announced that a source in mon called for the rapid carry- spreading “corruption on earth”. Meriwan had revealed to them ing out of the death sentence that soon after the murder of the passed on four young Kurds, The imams are, at this time, imam’s son, some senior officers sentenced for the murder of decidedly keen on executions. of the Guardians of the another of the town’s imams, On 25 October the judicial Revolution, involved in the mur- Sheikh Al-Islam Burhani A’ali. authorities of the Province of der of dozens of Kurdish civil- He declared that any further Kurdistan tried to have the ians had been arrested by their delay in hanging them would be death sentence passed on own Service. It was then estab- “an insult to Islam and to the Zanyar and Loqman Moradi (at lished that this group of Moslems” (BasNews). the moment detained in Radjayi Revolutionary Guards had Shahr Prison at Karaj) carried assassinated numerous civilians Jamshid and Jihangir Dehghani, out jointly with the imam of the who they had dressed again in Hamid Ahmedi and Kamal Kurdish town of Meriwan, military uniforms and recording n° 343 • October 2013 Information and liaison bulletin • 3• them as members of PJAK, Agency, Mukiran News, ly was unable to visit her at the which enabled them to receive affirmed for its part that on 29 beginning of October. the bonus paid to Guardians for October eleven prisoners in each PJAK fighter killed. Urmiah Prison were executed, Already, in 2012, a report by According to this local source, six of them Kurds, on charges of doctors of Kermanshah’s Dizel the imam’s son could have been “drug trafficking”. Abad Prison mentioned that one of those unfortunate civil- Zeinab Jalalian was suffering ians. However, the case was Two days later, the 31 October, from internal haemorrhages and never publicly revealed by the the Iran High Court approved intestinal infection — all as a authorities and the leader of this the death sentence on Mansour result of torture sessions. group, Jiya Tab, who was a Arwend, detained in Urmiah Guards major in Kurdistan Prison and arrested two years Zeinab Jalalian had been arrest- Province, was secretly executed earlier at Mahabad for political ed at Kermanshah, accused of a few weeks ago. According to activism. Ismail Arwend, his being a member of the Free Life the Tabir News Agency, Hiya brother, pointed out to the Party (PJAK), the Iranian branch Tab was strongly suspected of Kurdistan Press Agency that of the PKK. She had been sen- being responsible for this mur- that the Revolutionary Guards tenced to death on 14 January der, as well as many others. themselves had warned the fam- 2009 by the Islamic ily that Mansur would shortly be Revolutionary Court after a 7- In 25 October, Habibullah executed.
Recommended publications
  • Key Actors and Abbreviations

    Key Actors and Abbreviations

    Key actors and abbreviations The Assad regime and its allies ‘The regime’ Bashar al-Assad, Syrian President 2000– Hafez al-Assad, Syrian President 1971–2000 Asma al-Assad (née Akhras), Syria’s First Lady 2000– Maher al-Assad, brother of Bashar al-Assad, Commander of Republican Guard and 4th Armoured Division Anisa Makhlouf, mother of Bashar al-Assad Assif Shawkat, brother-in-law of Bashar al-Assad, head of military intelligence 2005–9, deputy minister of defence 2011–12 Rami Makhlouf, cousin of Bashar al-Assad, wealthy businessman Manaf Tlass, Republican Guard General, defected 2012 Farouk al-Sharaa, First Vice President of Syria 2006– Walid al-Muallem, Foreign Minister 2006– Bouthaina Shabaan, political and media adviser to the Syrian President 2008– Ba’ath – Arab Socialist Ba’ath Party, the ruling party of Syria since 1963 Mukhabarat – Set of notorious regime intelligence agencies Shabiha – Gangs of irregular pro-regime thugs NDF – National Defence Force, formed 2013 Russia Vladimir Putin, Russian President 2000–8, 2012–, Russian Prime Minister 2008–12 Dmitri Medvedev, Russian President 2008–12, Russian Prime Minister 2012–20 Sergei Lavrov, Foreign Minister 2004– Mikhail Bogdanov, Deputy Foreign Minister 2011– Iran Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran 1989– xii 5146.indd xii 19/06/20 5:00 PM KEY ACTORS AND ABBREVIATIONS xiii Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Iranian President 2005–13 Hassan Rouhani, Iranian President 2013– Ali Akbar Salehi, Foreign Minister 2010–13 Mohammad Javad Zarif, Foreign Minister 2013– Qassem Suleimani, Commander
  • Transformations in United States Policy Toward Syria Under Bashar

    Transformations in United States Policy Toward Syria Under Bashar

    Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses CAHSS Theses and Dissertations and Dissertations 1-1-2017 Transformations in United States Policy toward Syria Under Bashar Al Assad A Unique Case Study of Three Presidential Administrations and a Projection of Future Policy Directions Mohammad Alkahtani Nova Southeastern University, [email protected] This document is a product of extensive research conducted at the Nova Southeastern University College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences. For more information on research and degree programs at the NSU College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences, please click here. Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation Mohammad Alkahtani. 2017. Transformations in United States Policy toward Syria Under Bashar Al Assad A Unique Case Study of Three Presidential Administrations and a Projection of Future Policy Directions. Doctoral dissertation. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences – Department of Conflict Resolution Studies. (103) https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/103. This Dissertation is brought to you by the CAHSS Theses and Dissertations at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected].
  • Caught Between Autocracy and Jihadism. Syriaʼs Christians Hope

    Caught Between Autocracy and Jihadism. Syriaʼs Christians Hope

    Introduction Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Comments Caught between Autocracy and Jihadism WP Syria’s Christians Hope for the Implementation of Geneva I Petra Becker S The discourse conducted by Syria’s Christians since March 2011 reveals that many of them have now turned their back on the protest movement, despite their initial sym- pathy and even involvement with it. These Christians have not turned away out of any deeply held convictions in support of the regime, but because they are worried by the militarisation and radicalisation of the revolution, and by the fact that after three years the opposition has still not shown itself to be a credible alternative to the regime. German and European policymakers should continue working towards a political solu- tion and avoid supporting any particular religious or ethnic groups at the expense of others, because apart from those in areas where foreign Jihadists operate, Christians in Syria are no more at risk than other Syrians. Christians are firmly rooted in Syrian soci- motivated violence. In various places, ety, and account for an estimated 8–10 there have been reports of local Muslim percent of the population. The three largest populations coming to the defence of of their eleven denominations are the Christians when they were attacked by Greek Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox foreign Jihadists. and Greek Catholic communities. Apart Many Christians hope that the situation from the Armenians, the Assyrians and the will stabilise, allowing them to resume Chaldeans, Christians are among the oldest their lives as before. The Armenians are less inhabitants of the modern state of Syria.
  • Sampling Immigrants in the Netherlands and Germany Kurt Salentin1* and Hans Schmeets2

    Sampling Immigrants in the Netherlands and Germany Kurt Salentin1* and Hans Schmeets2

    Salentin and Schmeets Comparative Migration Studies (2017) 5:21 DOI 10.1186/s40878-017-0062-2 ORIGINALARTICLE Open Access Sampling immigrants in the Netherlands and Germany Kurt Salentin1* and Hans Schmeets2 * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract 1Bielefeld University, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on This paper discusses the limitations of harmonised sampling designs for survey Conflict and Violence, research on immigrants in Germany and the Netherlands. Although the concepts for Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 immigrants are largely similar in both countries, there are severe constraints when it Bielefeld, Germany The manuscript belongs to the comes to comparable sampling designs. While in the Netherlands a sample can be special issue titled “Sampling drawn from a national population register by Statistics Netherlands, this is impossible Migrants in Europe: How to develop in Germany due to the decentralised setup of the population register and legal a comparative design?” guest edited by Hans-Jürgen Andreß and restrictions on merging existing databases. Harmonisation of immigrant statistics is Romana Careja. thus less a problem at the concept level than in the implementation. Achieving a Full list of author information is harmonised data collection on immigrants for Germany and the Netherlands will be available at the end of the article a major challenge. Keywords: Sampling, Comparative research, Immigrants, The Netherlands, Germany, Population register, Harmonisation Introduction The aim of this article is to provide researchers interested in comparative migra- tion and minority studies an introduction to the potential and the limitations of sampling migrant and minority populations in the Netherlands and Germany. Harmonized data-collection is crucial for a comparison of survey results across countries (Huddleston, Niessen, & Tjaden, 2013).
  • Anthropological Abstracts

    Anthropological Abstracts

    Anthropological Abstracts Cultural/Social Anthropology from German-speaking countries edited by Ulrich Oberdiek Volume 5.2006 © 2005 Ulrich Oberdiek Quäkerst. 7, 79102 Freiburg Germany All rights reserved Content Editorial ........................................................................................................................ 4 GENERAL/THEORETICAL/HISTORICAL STUDIES............................................. 7 AFRICA ..................................................................................................................... 81 THE AMERICAS ..................................................................................................... 113 ASIA ......................................................................................................................... 133 EUROPE ................................................................................................................... 163 PERIODICALS SCANNED .................................................................................... 185 AUTHOR INDEX .................................................................................................... 187 SUBJECT INDEX .................................................................................................... 197 Editorial This reference journal is published once a year and announces - in English language - most publications in the field of cultural/social anthropology published in the German language area (Austria, Germany, Switzerland). Since many of these publications have been written
  • Christians and Yazidis in Iraq: Current Situation and Prospects

    Christians and Yazidis in Iraq: Current Situation and Prospects

    OTMAR OEHRING CHRISTIANS AND YAZIDIS IN IRAQ: CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS OTMAR OEHRING CHRISTIANS AND YAZIDIS IN IRAQ: CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS Published by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Cover photo: © Ibrahim Shaba Lallo, Qaraqosh (currently Ashti Camp, Ankawa, Autonomous Region of Kurdistan) Caption of cover photo: Vertically: We work together Horizontally: We are proud Diagonally: We love, we forgive .(nun), stand for Nazara (Christ) ن The three Arabic characters, starting with The black IS flag bears the words: There is no God but Allah Allah Prophet Mohammed Islamic State in Iraq and As-Sham (i.e. Syria) Published by: Konrad Adenauer Foundation 2017, Sankt Augustin and Berlin, Germany This publication has been licensed under the terms and conditions of Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 Germany (CC BY-SA 3.0 DE), website: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en Design: SWITSCH Kommunikationsdesign, Cologne, Germany Typesetting: Janine Höhle, Communications Department, Konrad Adenauer Foundation Printed by: Bonifatius GmbH, Paderborn, Germany Printed in Germany Printed with financial support from the German Federal Government ISBN 978-3-95721-328-0 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Legal Framework 2.1 International law 2.2 National law 3. Reduced scope for non-Muslim minorities after 2003 3.1 Drastic decline in the non-Muslim minorities’ share of the population 3.2 Changes in Baghdad’s religious power structure 4. Crucial for the future of Iraq: the recapture of Mosul 4.1 Capture of Mosul by the IS in June 2014 4.2 Capture of Yazidi settlements in Sinjar District by the IS in August 2014 4.3 Capture of Christian settlements in the Nineveh Plains by the IS in August 2014 4.4 Classification of the IS attacks on religious minorities as genocide 4.5 Campaign to retake Mosul 5.
  • Iraq's Uprooted Minorities

    Iraq's Uprooted Minorities

    report Uncertain Refuge, Dangerous Return: Iraq’s Uprooted Minorities by Chris Chapman and Preti Taneja Three Mandaean men, in their late teens and early twenties, await their first baptism, an important and recurring rite in the Mandaean religion. The baptism took place in a stream on the edge of Lund, in southern Sweden. Andrew Tonn. Acknowledgements Minority Rights Group International The authors would like to thank the following people: Abeer Minority Rights Group International (MRG) is a non- Dagestani, Salam Ghareb, Samira Hardo-Gharib, Kasem governmental organization (NGO) working to secure the Habib, Termida Salam Katia, Nuri Kino, Father Khalil, rights of ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities and Heatham Safo, Kate Washington, all those who contributed indigenous peoples worldwide, and to promote cooperation their time, skills and insights and all those who shared their and understanding between communities. Our activities are experiences with us during the research for this report. focused on international advocacy, training, publishing and Report Editor: Carl Soderbergh. Production Coordinator: outreach. We are guided by the needs expressed by our Kristen Harrision. Copy Editor: Sophie Mayer. worldwide partner network of organizations, which represent minority and indigenous peoples. The authors Chris Chapman is Head of Conflict Prevention at Minority MRG works with over 150 organizations in nearly 50 Rights Group International. Previously he worked as a countries. Our governing Council, which meets twice a year, conflict resolution trainer, human rights monitor and journalist has members from 10 different countries. MRG has in Haiti and Guatemala. He is the author/co-author of the consultative status with the United Nations Economic and MRG reports Why a Minority Rights Approach to Conflict: Social Council (ECOSOC), and observer status with the The case of Southern Sudan and Minority Rights: the Key to African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights Conflict Prevention.
  • A Decade of Lost Chances: Past and Present Dynamics of Bashar Al-Asad’S Syria*

    A Decade of Lost Chances: Past and Present Dynamics of Bashar Al-Asad’S Syria*

    A Decade of Lost Chances: Past and Present Dynamics of Bashar al-Asad’s Syria* Carsten WIELAND** Abstract The forming of the new National Coalition of Revolutionary and Oppo- sitional Forces in Doha in mid-November 2012 added a new domestic and international dimension to the conflict in Syria. The recognition of this platform as the sole legitimate representative of the Syrian people by more than 100 countries puts additional political pressure on the re- gime of Bashar al-Asad. The President has run out of political options after he had chosen to act exclusively militarily. This article looks back at the decade of lost chances under Asad in order to find an explana- tion to the “security reflex” that the regime opted for when the peaceful demonstrations started out. In this article, the Syrian intifada is placed into a political context of the Arab Spring in which it belongs despite the different path that Syria has been taking since then. The strong fragmentation of the Syrian opposition is part of the Syrian “specialty”. The main cleavages are elaborated here. Finally, five scenarios are of- fered that look possible at the moment of publication, not all of them are as negative as the current situation suggests. Keywords: Syria, Bashar al-Asad, Arab Spring, revolt, opposition, Na- tional Coalition Kaybolan Fırsatlarla Geçen On Yıl: Beşar Esad Yönetimindeki Suriye’nin Önceki ve Şimdiki Dinamikleri Özet 2012 Kasım ayının ortalarında Doha’da kurulan Suriye Muhalif ve Dev- rimci Güçler Ulusal Koalisyonu Suriye’deki çatışmaya yeni bir ulusal ve * This article is based on a speech held at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara, Turkey on 21 November 2012.
  • Germany in Perspective Geography Introduction the Federal Republic of Germany Sits in the Heart of Europe

    Germany in Perspective Geography Introduction the Federal Republic of Germany Sits in the Heart of Europe

    COUNTRY IN PERSPECTIVE GERMANY Schloss Neuschwanstein.Palace in Bavaria Flickr / Kay Gaensler DLIFLC DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER COUNTRY IN PERSPECTIVE | GERMANY TABLE OF CONTENT Geography Introduction ................................................................................................................... 5 Geography and Topological Features ...................................................................... 6 Northern German Plain ......................................................................................6 Central Uplands ...................................................................................................6 The Alpen Foreland and the Alps .....................................................................7 Climate ..................................................................................................................7 Bodies of Water ............................................................................................................ 8 Rivers .....................................................................................................................8 Lakes and Seas ...................................................................................................9 Major Cities ..................................................................................................................10 Berlin ....................................................................................................................10 Hamburg ............................................................................................................
  • Yazidi-Women-As-Odalisques.Pdf

    Yazidi-Women-As-Odalisques.Pdf

    “The Inavsion of Singar is a Riddle, Someday, History will Reveal it” Yazidi Women as Odalisques Yazidi Women’s Living Conditions under the Rulings from Islamic States Written by: Dr. Sarwar A. Omer Translated by: Raz F. Abdulrahman English text review: Dr.Hoshang Farwq Sulaimani- 2018 Yazidi Women as Odalisques Publications of the Kurdistan Academics and Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies. Note: This book is a research submitted to a Kurdology conference held in JAGIELLONIA University in Krakow, Poland between 24-26/10/2016. The deposit number (1565) Was awarded in 2018 in the General Directorate of Public LibrariesP 2 Dr. Sarwar A. Omer To -The Yazidi virgin girls and women who are kidnapped -Naida Murad, Goodwill Ambassador for the dignity of Survivors of Human Trafficking and the international Ambassador of delivering the grief of Yazidi women This Book is Affectionately Dedicated. 3 Yazidi Women as Odalisques Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Gasha Dara Hafid, Hakim Qasim Shiekh Othman, Taha Sleman and Khaman Zrar Who read the book before the publishing and pointed out the legal and grammatical mistakes and enriched the book with their insightful notes. My thanks go to Ms.Raz F.Abdulrahman for translating the book from Kurdish into English and for Mr.Hoshang Farooq for reviewing the translated text and Mr.Muhammad Baboli for designing the book. 4 Dr. Sarwar A. Omer Index Preface…………………………………………...………...…7 A summary about The Yazidis……………………………….9 Yazidi Women’s Living Conditions nder Rulings…..….….15
  • State-Civil Society Relations in Syria : EU Good Governance Assistance in an Authoritarian State Issue Date: 2014-09-25

    State-Civil Society Relations in Syria : EU Good Governance Assistance in an Authoritarian State Issue Date: 2014-09-25

    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/28916 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Spitz, René Title: State-civil society relations in Syria : EU good governance assistance in an authoritarian state Issue Date: 2014-09-25 State-Civil Society Relations in Syria EU Good Governance Assistance in an Authoritarian State Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof. mr. C.J.J.M. Stolker, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties ter verdediging op donderdag 25 september 2014 klokke 11.15 uur door René Spitz geboren te Maastricht in 1955 Promotiecommissie Promoter Prof. dr. M. A. M. R. Salih Overige leden Prof. dr. M. O. Hosli Prof. dr. R. J. van der Veen (Universiteit Amsterdam) Prof. dr. A. F. Fowler (Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam) Dr. R.E.C. Leenders (University of London, UK) I. Abstract The European Union’s (EU) good governance policies consider civil society an actor promoting development as well as political accountability of governments, thus contributing to the democratisation of political systems. By means of its European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), the EU promotes good governance in its relations and cooperation with neighbouring countries to the East and the South, including Syria. The cooperation in the domain of good governance has not been successful in the southern neighbouring countries, although some governments have allowed civil society to become more active. Indeed, authoritarianism prevailed in the whole Arab region until recently. This study argues that the EU’s good governance policy is based on questionable assumptions with respect to the nature of civil society, as well as the willingness of state and civil society to cooperate.
  • A Wasted Decade RIGHTS Human Rights in Syria During Bashar Al-Asad’S First Ten Years in Power WATCH

    A Wasted Decade RIGHTS Human Rights in Syria During Bashar Al-Asad’S First Ten Years in Power WATCH

    Syria HUMAN A Wasted Decade RIGHTS Human Rights in Syria during Bashar al-Asad’s First Ten Years in Power WATCH A Wasted Decade Human Rights in Syria during Bashar al-Asad’s First Ten Years in Power Copyright © 2010 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-663-2 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org July 2010 1-56432-663-2 A Wasted Decade Human Rights in Syria during Bashar al-Asad’s First Ten Years in Power Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 1 I. Repression of Political and Human Rights Activism .........................................................