DOCSLIB.ORG

Euphrasia Stricta D. Wolff EX JF Lehm

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Euphrasia Stricta D. Wolff EX JF Lehm ACTA AGROBOTANICA Vol. 66 (4), 2013: 35–44 Original Research Paper DOI: 10.5586/aa.2013.049 STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF FLOWER TRICHOMES IN DRUG EYEBRIGHT (Euphrasia stricta D. Wolff EX J. F. Lehm.) Weronika Haratym, Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska Department of Botany, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland e-mail:[email protected] Received: 10.06.2013 Abstract seed set, its population abundance has been declining Euphrasia stricta D. Wolff ex J. F. Lehm. (Orobancha- from year to year. In Poland, taxonomic and phytoge- ceae) is a representative of plants that are widely used in folk ographical investigations of the drug eyebright were medicine, phytomedicine, and homeopathy. The medicinal raw initiated again in 2001 primarily in the south of the co- material derived from the drug eyebright is applied primarily in untry, since data obtained several decades ago proved treatment of ophthalmic diseases. outdated, given the current state of the art [7,8,9]. The investigations of trichomes in drug eyebright Species from the genus Euphrasia are perennial (Euphrasia stricta D. Wolff ex J. F. Lehm) were conducted or annual plants with a semi-parasitic life style. Although in 2010–2011. Using light microscopy and scanning electron they are capable of independent life, they achieve a hi- microscopy, their location and morphological and anatomical gher growth rate while producing haustoria penetrating features were identified. Three types of non-glandular tricho- the root systems of other plants, in particular represen- mes were found: short unicellular, long 1–2 celled, and long 2-celled with wall ornamentation. Additionally, 7 types of glan- tatives of the Fabaceae family [10,11]. Moreover, drug dular trichomes were found; these included: unicellular clavate, eyebright individuals have been reported to parasitize 2–3-celled clavate, capitate with a unicellular head and a 3-cel- one another with dominance of some specimens over led stalk, capitate with a unicellular head and a 2-celled stalk, others [10]. Drug eyebright plants usually reach a height capitate with a 2-celled head, conical papillae, and ribbon-like of 30 cm. They have an erect, highly branched stem and trichomes with wall thickening. ovate or elliptic toothed leaves with an opposite arran- gement on the stem. Flowers are borne on the apical Key words: Euphrasia stricta, flower, glandular trichomes, parts of shoots between July and September. They are non-glandular trichomes, location, micromorpho- small (ca. 10 mm), white or light purple with dark pur- logy, LM, SEM ple stripes and a yellow spot on the lower lip. The fruit is a capsule [12,13]. Investigations of the flowering and pollination biology in E. willkommii have demonstrated INTRODUCTION that the plant species is relatively seldom visited by pol- Until recently, the drug eyebright Euphrasia L. linators. As assumed by Rawski (1948), this is related has been classified as a representative of the family to the moderate nectar secretion and poor pollen reward, Scrophulariaceae [1,2]. In the new taxonomic system which is hardly attractive to insects. Additionally, the presented on the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, the small-sized tube-shaped flowers emerging too close to genus belongs to the family Orobanchaceae, i.e. one the ground prevent the process of pollination by larger of the clades in the order Lamiales. The genus com- insects. Species that were reported to be carrying pollen prises 350 species. In the Polish flora, only 10 Euph- were ants (Hymenoptera) and thrips (Thysanoptera). rasia species occur in natural localities [2,3,4,5]. Due A common phenomenon observed in the plant species to the specific biology, emergence of seasonal races, is self-pollination. At the final stage of flower’s life, the and easy hybridisation, the genus Euphrasia poses dif- corolla elongates, which makes adnate anthers change ficulty to plant systematics [6]. In recent years, many their position. At the same time, the style does not chan- species from the genus Euphrasia have been reported ge its length. In consequence, anthers approach the stig- to be threatened with extinction. Despite flowering and ma, which facilitates pollination [14,15]. © The Author(s) 2013 Published by Polish Botanical Society 36 Weronika Haratym, Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska Plants of the Euphrasia L. genus are widely RESULTS known in folk medicine, phytomedicine, and home- opathy as anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, and rege- General habit of the flower nerative agents. Aqueous tinctures or alcohol extracts The flower habit was observed under a stereo- from the above-ground parts of the eyebright are used scopic light microscope. The hermaphrodite zygomor- for treatment of various eye problems such as cataract, phic flowers are borne on apical parts of shoots and glaucoma, conjunctivitis, red, inflamed, irritated, and arranged at an acute angle thereto. At the base, they are sore eyes, corneal ulceration, sharp pain in the eyes, surrounded by bristle-toothed bracts (Fig. 1a). or spastic photophobia. Furthermore, they are recom- The dark green cylindrical calyx is gamosepalous mended for people who suffer from stomach disorders, with four sharp teeth. Its surface bears dark purple stri- jaundice, headache, and diseases of the upper respirato- pes (Fig. 1b). The flower corolla is bilabiate (Fig. 1a,c). ry tract [16,17,18,19]. The lower lip is formed of 3 fused petals. The surface Although there is a lot of information about the of marginal lobes bears 2 dark purple stripes and 1 light medicinal properties of the eyebright, no specific data purple medial stripe. The central lobe has 3 light purple about the epidermal structures on the flower can be fo- stripes as well. A yellow spot is visible in the central und. The aim of the present study was to examine the lo- part of the middle corolla petal. The entry to the flower cation, and micromorphological and anatomical features throat is also marked with yellow colouration (Fig. 1c). of non-glandular and glandular trichomes on the surface The upper lip consists of 2 fused corolla petals. of the calyx, corolla and anthers of Euphrasia stricta. It is white initially and becomes light violet during de- velopment. Each lobe of the upper lip bears dark pur- ple stripes – 3 on each lobe and 1 light purple stripe MATERIALS AND METHODS along the petal fusion line. Yellow colouration is visi- The research material comprised buds and de- ble at the entry to the corolla tube (Fig.1c,d). veloped flowers of Euphrasia stricta D. Wolff ex J.F. The four stamens with filaments of unequal Lehm. Plant fragments were sampled from their natu- length are didynamous and fused with the upper lip. ral habitats on xerothermic grasslands in the Czechów The dark purple stamen heads are fused. Anthers are district, Lublin, between late July and mid-September equipped with sharp-tipped appendages in the basal 2010 and 2011. part. The filaments are white with yellow colouration Preliminary analyses of the ecological features only at the entry to the corolla tube. Their surface bears of flowers and location of various types of trichomes long mechanical trichomes (Fig. 1d). The pistil has a were performed using a stereoscopic microscope co- small green ovary, a long style, and a stigma, which upled with a NIKON COOLPIX 4500 camera. emerges from the flower throat above the stamens and Hand-made cross sections through sepals and co- is covered by dense hairs (Fig. 1e). rollas were fixed in 50 % glycerol and observed under a Corolla trichomes Nikon Eclipse 400 light microscope. The types and topo- graphy of trichomes were identified. Additionally, their The petals bear only one type of non-glandu- morphological and anatomical traits were assessed and lar trichomes and a few types of glandular trichomes. the length and width of the structures were measured. 2-celled mechanical trichomes exhibit the highest den- To obtain permanent preparations, flower frag- sity on the abaxial surface of the upper lip (Table 1). On ments were fixed in a 4% glutaraldehyde solution in average, they are 346,43 μm long and 17,97 μm wide 0,1M phosphate buffer, pH 7, at a temperature of 4ºC (Table 2). Two types of clavate trichomes are located for 12 hours. Next, the material was washed in the near the yellow spot on the lower lip. These hairs are same buffer 4 times at 20-minute intervals, fixed in a fairly large and visible under a stereoscopic microscope 1% solution of osmium tetroxide for 1 hour, and rinsed (Fig. 1f). One of the types is represented by multicellu- again in phosphate buffer. The preparations were de- lar trichomes with a thin cell wall and visible chromo- hydrated in 30, 50, 70, 90, and 95% alcohol series and plasts inside the cells. They reach a length up to 262,5 immersed twice in absolute alcohol. After dehydration, μm and a width of 40 μm (Figs 1g,2g). Close to these the material was embedded in LR White resin and se- hairs, there are unicellular clavate trichomes, which are mi-thin sections were cut using a Reichert Ultracut-S longer (up to 343,4 μm) than the multicellular ones. ultramicrotome. The preparations were stained with a Their cell wall is covered by a cuticle, whose sculpture 1% aqueous methylene blue – Azur B solution and ob- consists of short striae (Figs 1h; 2g–i). Remains of se- served under a light microscope. cretion were observed on some trichomes (Fig. 2i). Some material was critical-point dried after The adaxial surface of the lower and upper dehydration. Next, the preparations were coated with lips is covered by densely distributed conical papillae gold and analysed under a TESCAN VEGA II LMU (Figs 1i,j; 2d–f). Their maximum length reaches 15 μm.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Yellow Rattle Rhinanthus Minor
    Yellow Rattle Rhinanthus minor Yellow rattle is part of the figwort family (Scrophulariaceae) and is an annual plant associated with species-rich meadows. It can grow up to 50 cm tall and the stem can have black spots. Pairs of triangular serrated leaves are arranged in opposite pairs up the stem and the stem may have several branches. Flowers are arranged in leafy spikes at the top of the stem and the green calyx tube at the bottom of each flower is flattened, slightly inflated and bladder-like. The yellow flowers are also flattened and bilaterally symmetrical. The upper lip has two short 1 mm violet teeth and the lower lip has three lobes. The flattened seeds rattle inside the calyx when ripe. Lifecycle Yellow rattle is an annual plant germinating early in the year, usually February – April, flowering in May – August and setting seed from July – September before the plant dies. The seeds are large and may not survive long in the soil seed bank. Seed germination trials have found that viability quickly reduces within six months, and spring sown seed has a much lower germination rate. Yellow rattle seed often requires a period of cold, termed vernalisation, to trigger germination. It is a hemi-parasite on grasses and legumes. This means that it is partially parasitic, gaining energy through the roots of plants and also using photosynthesis. This ability of yellow rattle makes it extremely useful in the restoration of wildflower meadows as it reduces vegetation cover enabling perennial wildflowers to grow. However, some grasses, such as fescues, are resistant to parasitism by yellow rattle and in high nutrient soils, Yellow rattle distribution across Britain and Ireland grasses such as perennial rye-grass, may grow The data used to create these maps has been provided under very quickly shading out yellow rattle plants licence from the Botanical Society which are not tolerant of shady conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on Identification Works and Difficult and Under-Recorded Taxa
    Notes on identification works and difficult and under-recorded taxa P.A. Stroh, D.A. Pearman, F.J. Rumsey & K.J. Walker Contents Introduction 2 Identification works 3 Recording species, subspecies and hybrids for Atlas 2020 6 Notes on individual taxa 7 List of taxa 7 Widespread but under-recorded hybrids 31 Summary of recent name changes 33 Definition of Aggregates 39 1 Introduction The first edition of this guide (Preston, 1997) was based around the then newly published second edition of Stace (1997). Since then, a third edition (Stace, 2010) has been issued containing numerous taxonomic and nomenclatural changes as well as additions and exclusions to taxa listed in the second edition. Consequently, although the objective of this revised guide hast altered and much of the original text has been retained with only minor amendments, many new taxa have been included and there have been substantial alterations to the references listed. We are grateful to A.O. Chater and C.D. Preston for their comments on an earlier draft of these notes, and to the Biological Records Centre at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology for organising and funding the printing of this booklet. PAS, DAP, FJR, KJW June 2015 Suggested citation: Stroh, P.A., Pearman, D.P., Rumsey, F.J & Walker, K.J. 2015. Notes on identification works and some difficult and under-recorded taxa. Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, Bristol. Front cover: Euphrasia pseudokerneri © F.J. Rumsey. 2 Identification works The standard flora for the Atlas 2020 project is edition 3 of C.A. Stace's New Flora of the British Isles (Cambridge University Press, 2010), from now on simply referred to in this guide as Stae; all recorders are urged to obtain a copy of this, although we suspect that many will already have a well-thumbed volume.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollination Ecology Summary
    Pollination Ecology Summary Prof. em. Klaus Ammann, Neuchâtel [email protected] June 2013 Ohne den Pollenübertragungs-Service blütenbesuchender Tiere könnten sich viele Blütenpanzen nicht geschlechtlich fortpanzen. Die komplexen und faszinierenden Bestäubungsvorgänge bei Blütenpanzen sind Ausdruck von Jahrmillionen von Selektionsvorgängen, verbunden mit Selbstorganisation der Lebewesen; eine Sicht, die auch Darwin schon unterstützte. Bei vielen zwischenartlichen Beziehungen haben sich zwei oder auch mehrere Arten in ihrer Entwicklung gegenseitig beeinusst. Man spricht hier von sogenannter Coevolution. Deutlich ist die Coevolution auch bei verschiedenen Bestäubungssystemen und -mechanismen, die von symbiontischer bis parasitischer Natur sein können. Die Art-Entstehung, die Vegetationsökologie und die Entstehung von Kulturpanzen sind eng damit verbunden Veranstalter: Naturforschende Gesellschaft Schaffhausen 1. Pollination Ecology Darwin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollination_syndrome http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/pages/pollination.htm Fenster, C.B., Armbruster, W.S., Wilson, P., Dudash, M.R., & Thomson, J.D. (2004) Pollination syndromes and floral specialization. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 35, pp 375-403 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Pollination/Fenster-Pollination-Syndromes-2004.pdf invitation to browse in the website of the Friends of Charles Darwin http://darwin.gruts.com/weblog/archive/2008/02/ Working Place of Darwin in Downe Village http://www.focus.de/wissen/wissenschaft/wissenschaft-darwin-genoss-ein-suesses-studentenleben_aid_383172.html Darwin as a human being and as a scientist Darwin, C. (1862), On the various contrivances by which orchids are fertilized by insects and on the good effects of intercrossing The Complete Work of Charles Darwin online, Scanned, OCRed and corrected by John van Wyhe 2003; further corrections 8.2006.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Resolving Lamiales Relationships
    Schäferhoff et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:352 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/352 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences Bastian Schäferhoff1*, Andreas Fleischmann2, Eberhard Fischer3, Dirk C Albach4, Thomas Borsch5, Günther Heubl2, Kai F Müller1 Abstract Background: In the large angiosperm order Lamiales, a diverse array of highly specialized life strategies such as carnivory, parasitism, epiphytism, and desiccation tolerance occur, and some lineages possess drastically accelerated DNA substitutional rates or miniaturized genomes. However, understanding the evolution of these phenomena in the order, and clarifying borders of and relationships among lamialean families, has been hindered by largely unresolved trees in the past. Results: Our analysis of the rapidly evolving trnK/matK, trnL-F and rps16 chloroplast regions enabled us to infer more precise phylogenetic hypotheses for the Lamiales. Relationships among the nine first-branching families in the Lamiales tree are now resolved with very strong support. Subsequent to Plocospermataceae, a clade consisting of Carlemanniaceae plus Oleaceae branches, followed by Tetrachondraceae and a newly inferred clade composed of Gesneriaceae plus Calceolariaceae, which is also supported by morphological characters. Plantaginaceae (incl. Gratioleae) and Scrophulariaceae are well separated in the backbone grade; Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae appear in distant clades, while the recently described Linderniaceae are confirmed to be monophyletic and in an isolated position. Conclusions: Confidence about deep nodes of the Lamiales tree is an important step towards understanding the evolutionary diversification of a major clade of flowering plants. The degree of resolution obtained here now provides a first opportunity to discuss the evolution of morphological and biochemical traits in Lamiales.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Coverage of the National Vegetation Classification
    JNCC Report No. 302 Review of coverage of the National Vegetation Classification JS Rodwell, JC Dring, ABG Averis, MCF Proctor, AJC Malloch, JHJ Schaminée, & TCD Dargie July 2000 This report should be cited as: Rodwell, JS, Dring, JC, Averis, ABG, Proctor, MCF, Malloch, AJC, Schaminée, JNJ, & Dargie TCD, 2000 Review of coverage of the National Vegetation Classification JNCC Report, No. 302 © JNCC, Peterborough 2000 For further information please contact: Habitats Advice Joint Nature Conservation Committee Monkstone House, City Road, Peterborough PE1 1JY UK ISSN 0963-8091 1 2 Contents Preface .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................................... 4 1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Coverage of the original NVC project......................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Generation of NVC-related data by the community of users ...................................................................... 5 2 Methodology............................................................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Reviewing the wider European scene.........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Grazing Management and Plant Community Composition on Bodmin Moor by Gavin Stewart
    Grazing Management and Plant Community Composition on Bodmin Moor by Gavin Stewart A thesis submitted to the University of Plymouth in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Geographical and Geological Sciences and School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science November 2002 iv UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH Item No. ~ 0 \ <Sb~ Daie - 3 t-EB 2003 ~ Class No. J -r £ Table of contents List of figures X Lists of tables xiv Acknowledgements xvii Summary xviii 1. General Introduction 1 1.2 Introduction 1 1.2.1 Project rationale ............... ... .......... ................................. ! 1.2.2 The upland resource .............. ....... ................................. ! 1.3 Grazing in upland systems 3 1.4 Environmental heterogeneity within the British uplands 5 1.5 Bodmin Moor 5 1.6 Aims 6 1. 7 Thesis outline 7 2. The ecological character of Bodmin Moor 10 2.1 Introduction 10 2.2 Physical features 10 2.2.1 Geology and Geomorphology .. .. .............. ...................... 10 2.2.2 Landform, drainage and settlement. ............................. 13 2.3 Climate 15 2.3.1 General description ....... .... .... ...... ........................... ...... 15 2.3.2 Quantifying rainfall and oceanicity ............................... 16 2.4 Soils 18 2.4.1 Introduction. ........ ........................................................ IS 2.4.2 The Soils of Bodmin Moor ..... ................. ...................... 19 2.4.3 Vegetation and soils .......................... ......... .................. 22 2.5 Land use on Bodmin
    [Show full text]
  • Histochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of Lamium Album Subsp
    molecules Article Histochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of Lamium album subsp. album L. Corolla: Essential Oil, Triterpenes, and Iridoids Agata Konarska 1, Elzbieta˙ Weryszko-Chmielewska 1, Anna Matysik-Wo´zniak 2 , Aneta Sulborska 1,*, Beata Polak 3 , Marta Dmitruk 1,*, Krystyna Piotrowska-Weryszko 1, Beata Stefa ´nczyk 3 and Robert Rejdak 2 1 Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (E.W.-C.); [email protected] (K.P.-W.) 2 Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; [email protected] (A.M.-W.); [email protected] (R.R.) 3 Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chod´zki4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; [email protected] (B.P.); offi[email protected] (B.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (M.D.); Tel.: +48-81-445-65-79 (A.S.); +48-81-445-68-13 (M.D.) Abstract: The aim of this study was to conduct a histochemical analysis to localize lipids, terpenes, essential oil, and iridoids in the trichomes of the L. album subsp. album corolla. Morphometric examinations of individual trichome types were performed. Light and scanning electron microscopy Citation: Konarska, A.; techniques were used to show the micromorphology and localization of lipophilic compounds and Weryszko-Chmielewska, E.; iridoids in secretory trichomes with the use of histochemical tests. Additionally, the content of Matysik-Wo´zniak,A.; Sulborska, A.; essential oil and its components were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Polak, B.; Dmitruk, M.; (GC-MS).
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of Vascular Plants of the Seili Island and Its Surroundings (SW Finland)
    Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 53: 33-65, 2019 BRC www.brc.amu.edu.pl DOI 10.2478/biorc-2019-0003 Submitted 20.03.2018, Accepted 10.01.2019 Flora of vascular plants of the Seili island and its surroundings (SW Finland) Andrzej Brzeg1, Wojciech Szwed2 & Maria Wojterska1* 1Department of Plant Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland 2Department of Forest Botany, Faculty of Forestry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71D, 60-625 Poznań, Poland * corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7774-1419) Abstract. The paper shows the results of floristic investigations of 12 islands and several skerries of the inner part of SW Finnish archipelago, situated within a square of 11.56 km2. The research comprised all vascular plants – growing spontaneously and cultivated, and the results were compared to the present flora of a square 10 × 10 km from the Atlas of Vascular Plants of Finland, in which the studied area is nested. The total flora counted 611 species, among them, 535 growing spontaneously or escapees from cultivation, and 76 exclusively in cultivation. The results showed that the flora of Seili and adjacent islands was almost as rich in species as that recorded in the square 10 × 10 km. This study contributed 74 new species to this square. The hitherto published analyses from this area did not focus on origin (geographic-historical groups), socioecological groups, life forms and on the degree of threat of recorded species. Spontaneous flora of the studied area constituted about 44% of the whole flora of Regio aboënsis.
    [Show full text]
  • Edited by IJ Bennallick & DA Pearman
    BOTANICAL CORNWALL 2010 No. 14 Edited by I.J. Bennallick & D.A. Pearman BOTANICAL CORNWALL No. 14 Edited by I.J.Bennallick & D.A.Pearman ISSN 1364 - 4335 © I.J. Bennallick & D.A. Pearman 2010 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright holder. Published by - the Environmental Records Centre for Cornwall & the Isles of Scilly (ERCCIS) based at the- Cornwall Wildlife Trust Five Acres, Allet, Truro, Cornwall, TR4 9DJ Tel: (01872) 273939 Fax: (01872) 225476 Website: www.erccis.co.uk and www.cornwallwildlifetrust.org.uk Cover photo: Perennial Centaury Centaurium scilloides at Gwennap Head, 2010. © I J Bennallick 2 Contents Introduction - I. J. Bennallick & D. A. Pearman 4 A new dandelion - Taraxacum ronae - and its distribution in Cornwall - L. J. Margetts 5 Recording in Cornwall 2006 to 2009 – C. N. French 9 Fitch‟s Illustrations of the British Flora – C. N. French 15 Important Plant Areas – C. N. French 17 The decline of Illecebrum verticillatum – D. A. Pearman 22 Bryological Field Meetings 2006 – 2007 – N. de Sausmarez 29 Centaurium scilloides, Juncus subnodulosus and Phegopteris connectilis rediscovered in Cornwall after many years – I. J. Bennallick 36 Plant records for Cornwall up to September 2009 – I. J. Bennallick 43 Plant records and update from the Isles of Scilly 2006 – 2009 – R. E. Parslow 93 3 Introduction We can only apologise for the very long gestation of this number. There is so much going on in the Cornwall botanical world – a New Red Data Book, an imminent Fern Atlas, plans for a new Flora and a Rare Plant Register, plus masses of fieldwork, most notably for Natural England for rare plants on SSSIs, that somehow this publication has kept on being put back as other more urgent tasks vie for precedence.
    [Show full text]
  • Euphrasia Vigursii.Pub
    Watsonia 26: 347–358 (2007) ECOLOGY OF EUPHRASIA VIGURSII 347 A fine scale study of selected environmental and floristic parameters in three populations of Euphrasia vigursii (Davey), a rare annual endemic to Devon and Cornwall L. GRANADOS1 and S. D. LANE2 School of Biological Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA ABSTRACT surveys have revealed only 25 active sites. This represents approximately 50% loss of localities Euphrasia vigursii is an endangered hemiparasitic in Cornwall mainly due to habitat destruction annual, endemic in Devon and Cornwall. This (French et al. 1999). In Devon there are only 2 investigation has evaluated fine scale patterns of sites, rediscovered in 1995 and 1998 and floristic composition and nutrient distribution in situated on the north-west perimeter of selected populations of E. vigursii in Devon and Cornwall to increase understanding of their ecology Dartmoor National Park. Ecologists at the for use in future management strategies in Devon. National Park aim to conserve and increase the Two particular questions were formulated: population of E. vigursii as part of the 1. Is E. vigursii immediately surrounded by other Dartmoor Biodiversity Action Plan, as it has particular plant species? been categorised in the priority list of the UK 2. If the soil was analysed in the direct location of steering group report on biodiversity as being the site of E. vigursii would the pH, Nitrogen, of ‘global conservation concern’ (HMSO Phosphorus and Potassium content be different from 1995). In order to establish a management the areas where E. vigursii is not present? strategy that would address the objectives of Phytosociological analysis indicated that E.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Constituents from Striga Asiatica and Its Chemotaxonomic Study
    (This is a sample cover image for this issue. The actual cover is not yet available at this time.) This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 48 (2013) 100–106 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Biochemical Systematics and Ecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biochemsyseco Chemical constituents from Striga asiatica and its chemotaxonomic study Wen Huang a, Shi-Biao Wu b, Ye-Ling Wang a, Zhi-Yong Guo a, Edward J. Kennelly a,b, Chun-Lin Long a,c,* a College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhong-guan-cun South Ave, Beijing 100081, China b Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, United States c Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, China article info abstract Article history: Six flavonoids, diosmetin (1), apigenin (2), luteolin (3), chrysoeriol (4), apigenin-7-O- Received 12 July 2012 glucuronide (5) and acacetin (6), two caffeic acid sugar esters, verbascoside (7) and Accepted 28 October 2012 isoverbascoside (8), as well as one norsesquiterpene, blumenol A (9) were isolated or Available online detected from the EtOAc and n-BuOH extract of the whole plants of Striga asiatica.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural England Technical Information Note TIN060 the Use of Yellow Rattle to Facilitate Grassland Diversification
    Natural England Technical Information Note TIN060 The use of yellow rattle to facilitate grassland diversification In the last sixty years England has lost most of its species-rich semi-natural grassland. Increasing the numbers and species of native wild flowers in semi- improved grassland (ie grassland that has undergone some agricultural improvement) can go some way to restoring this valuable habitat. This note gives advice on how yellow rattle Rhinanthus minor can help other wild flower species establish in semi- improved grasslands, particularly in grasslands being managed under Environmental Stewardship. Other notes on enhancing and recreating semi-natural grasslands are available and details can be seen below. Environmental Stewardship is an agri- Yellow rattle - ecology environment scheme that provides funding to Yellow rattle is an annual wildflower that obtains farmers and other land managers in England. A some nourishment by parasitizing its host but key option in the Environmental Stewardship also photosynthesizes, the term for this is Higher Level Stewardship Scheme is the hemiparasitic. restoration of species-rich, semi-natural grassland (HK7) normally from semi-improved swards. The botanical diversity of such grassland may be enhanced by simply amending management practices, for example changing the timing and intensity of grazing. However, on sites where the potential for natural regeneration and re- colonisation of desirable plant species is judged to be low, then pro-active restoration will be required. This will involve the introduction of seeds and the creation of gaps in the sward to allow them to establish. Seeds can be introduced by over sowing, slot seeding or the spreading of green hay.
    [Show full text]