E2820 v1 REV
GEF Huai River Basin Marine Pollution
Public Disclosure Authorized Reduction Project Dongying City
EA Report
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
July, 2011 Contents
1 Project Description...... 1 1.1 Project Title...... 1 1.2 Project Location ...... 1 1.3 Project Development Objectives...... 1 1.4 Project Summary...... 1 2 Policies and Regulations ...... 2 3 Project Background ...... 3 3.1 Project Background ...... 3 3.2 Project Necessity...... 4 3.3 Industrial Policy and EP Policy Compliance ...... 6 4 Project Contents ...... 7 4.1 Contents of the Wetland Project ...... 13 4.1.1 Land Acquisition Status of the Project...... 13 4.1.2 Main Contents of the Project Construction...... 13 4.1.3 Sluice Gate Operation Optimization ...... 18 4.1.4 Public Utility Projects...... 19 4.1.5 Main Project Quantities...... 20 4.2 Agricultural Pollution Control and Rural Waste Management...... 21 4.3 The Establishment of Farmer Environmental Protection Association (FEPA) ...... 24 4.4 Capacity Building, Policy Studies, Project Management and Implementation Support ..24 4.4.1 EP Education and Training Center ...... 24 4.4.2 Capacity Building...... 25 4.4.3 Policy Study and Development...... 26 4.4.4 Project Management and Implementation Support ...... 26 5 Alternative Analysis...... 27 6 Environmental Baseline...... 31 6.1 Brief Introduction to the natural environment...... 31 6.2 Brief Introduction to the social environment...... 33 6.3 Status of regional environment quality and sensitive protection goals...... 34 6.4 The main environmental objectives...... 37 7 Environmental Impact Assessment...... 40 7.1 Project Analysis ...... 41 7.1.1 Processs flow...... 41 7.1.2 Analysis factors...... 42 7.2 The generation and emission of pollutants and control Measures...... 45 7.3 Environmental Impact Analysis...... 48 7.3.1 Environmental Impacts of wetlands during the construction period...... 48 7.3.2 Environmental Impacts of wetlands during the operation period ...... 52 7.3.3 Environmental Impacts of Agriculture and Rural Pollution Control Component...... 53 7.3.4 Environmental Impacts Analysis for the Training Center...... 57 7.4 Social Impacts Analysis...... 58 8 Public Participation and Information Disclosure ...... 61 8.1 Public investigation ...... 62 8.2 Summary of seminar and visit Advisory ...... 64 8.2.1 Summary of comments from enterprises ...... 64 8.2.2 Summary of expert advice...... 64 8.2.3 Summary of comments from pilot villages...... 64 8.3 Information Discloure...... 65 8.4 Conclusion...... 65 9 Conclusion and proposals...... 70 9.1 Conclusion...... 70 9.2 Measures and proposals...... 71
I 1 Project Description 1.1 Project Title GEF Huai River Basin Marine Pollution Reduction Project. 1.2 Project Location This project locates in the Dongying District and Kenli County of Dongying City, Shandong Province. 1.3 Project Development Objectives The project development objective is to demonstrate innovative and cost-effective water pollution control practices in Guangli river catchment of Dongying City contributing to pollution reduction in the Bohai Sea. 1.4 Project Summary Base on the water quality of Guangli River, distribution of pollutant sources and land utilization status within the river basin and in view of the development planning of Dongying City, it was selected that the wetland and sluice gate operation optimization projects will be constructed at Dongba Road in the downstream of Guangli River; Implement the agricultural and rural pollutant reduction project in the pilot villages along the Guangli River to reduce the pollution to the the Guangli River; Strengthen the capacity building, policy development and project management to increase the capacity of project management and PIU and achieve the sustainable development of this project. The total investment for the proposed project is 0.2570678 billion RMB. The proposed wetland project at Dongba Road includes ecological retention pool and free- surface flow wetland components with a total coverage of 2698.5 mus, including 73.5 mus and 2625 mus for retention pool and free-surface flow wetland respectively. It is planned the project will be commenced in Jan.2012 and the relative plants will be planted, and will start operation in 2013 with one year construction period. The agricultural and rural pollutant reduction project in the pilot villages will be commenced in Jan.2012 and operated in the end of 2014. The capacity building, policy development and project management work will be implemented throughout the project process. After the completion of the proposed project, the pollutant from the sources will be reduced effectively and the pollution to the surface water of Guangli River will be improved, the water sources will be protected, developed and utilized effectively and the pollution to the Bohai Sea will be greatly reduced with a total CODCr of 430 t/a and total
NH3-N of 129 t/a.
1 2 Policies and Regulations 2.1 Law and Regulations 1 The Environmental Protection Law of the P.R.C. 1989.12 2 The Environmental Impact Evaluation Law of the P.R.C. 2003.9 3 The Law on the Prevention and Control of the Air Pollution of the P.R.C. 2000.9 4 The Law on the Prevention and Control of the Water Pollution of the P.R.C. 2008.6 5 The Law on the Prevention and Control of the Noise Pollution of the P.R.C. 1996.10 6 The Law on the Prevention and Control of the Solid Waste Pollution of the P.R.C. 2005.4 7 The Clean Production and Promotion Law of thee P.R.C. 2002.6 8 The Water and Soil Conservation Law of the P.R.C. 1991.6 9 The Temporary Regulations on Pollution Prevention and Control of Huai River Basin. 2002.11.19 10 The Environmental Protection Regulation for Construction Projects of Shandong Province, document [No.99,2001] issued by Shandong People’s Congress. 2001.12 11 Environmental Functional Area Planning Scheme for Surface Flow of Shandong Province issued by Shandong EP Bureau. 12 The Strategic Planning for Water Pollution Prevention and Control of the Key River Basin Listed in the National Eleventh Five-year Plan. 13 The Development Planning of Effective and Ecological Economic Region for the Yellow River Delta. 14 The Overall Planning for the Environmental Protection of the Bohai Sea. 15 The Overall Urban Planning for Dongying City (from 2005 to 2020). 16 Ecological City Construction Planning of Dongying City. 17 The Management Approach for Water Pollution Prevention and Control of Guangli River Basin in Dongying City. 18 The Planning of Ecological Infrastructure for Central City of Dongying City. 19 The Overall Planning of Water System in Central City of Dongying City.
2 20 The Planning for Guangli River Comprehensive Improvement Project of Dongying City. 21 Notice on Water Quality Improvement of the Pollution Reduction in the River Basin, issued by Dongying Municipal Government [No.115, 2009]. 22 Notice on the Tasks of 2010 for the Guangli River Comprehensive Improvement Project, issued by Dongying Municipal Government. 2.2 Environmental quality standards 1. Class of Ambient air quality standard(GB3095-1996). 2. Class of Surfacewater quality standard(GB3838-2002). 3. Class of Groundwater quality standard (GB/T14848-93). 4. Class of Environmental quality standard for noise(GB3096-2008). 2.3 Pollutant emission standard 1. Class of Surface water quality standard(GB3838-2002). 2. Noise limits for construction site(GB12523-90). 3. Standard for pollution control on the storage and disposal site for general industrial solid wastes(GB18599-2001).
3 Project Background 3.1 Project Background
3 The ecological issues become more and more serious due to the wastewater distributed with high pollutant loads. With the larger scale sea development of the Bohai Sea, the contradictions between development and environmental protection become more seriously. Dongying City is the direct suffer from the serious pollution of the Bohai Sea. Only in 2008, the pollutant distributed by Dongying City to the Bohai Sea contains 2100t
COD, 393t BOD, 368t NH3-N, 85t total phosphorus and 48t total nitrogen. Under this kind of status, WB and GEF conduct cooperation to improve the ecology system pollution of the large sea. In order to reduce the pollution to the Bohai Sea, Shandong Province utilizes the GEF grant and local counterpart fund to manage and control the pollution to the Guangli River of Dongying City which sets a good example for other river basin pollution management in Huai River basin. Guangli River is the main drainage river of the central city in Dongying City, the river flows from Wangying Sluice of Nanzhan Dam of Yellow River to the central city with a flow path from west to southeast and then to the Bohai Sea after the combination with flood controlling rivers, the total length is 60km with a coverage area of 510 km2 which plays a important role in water supply, drainage, flood control and ecology improvement. Besides, Guangli River is the main wastewater catchment and nearly 40,000 ton/day of the wastewater was distributed to this river and its branches in 2009, more than 90% of that is urban daily life wastewater while the others is industrial wastewater. Due to the weak sewerage pipeline and the wastewater distributed to the river without treatment, the water of the Guangli River was seriously polluted. Though several improvement projects were conducted by Dongying City in recent years, the water quality of Guangli River still can not meet the Class V requirement. In order to rehabilitate the ecology system, increase the biodiversity, prevent the water loss and soil erosion, improve the climate and conserve the water source and improve the water quality of Guangli River and Bohai Sea, Dongying City proposed to construct this project supported by WB. 3.2 Project Necessity 1 Comply With the Development Planning of Effective and Ecological Economic Region for the Yellow River Delta. The Yellow River Delta locates in the entrance of the Yellow River which is to the south of the Bohai Sea and it is an important strategic site for the development of the Bohai Sea Region. China pays much attention to the sustainable development of the Yellow River Delta and the requirements listed in the Tenth and Eleventh Five-year Plans require to
4 carry out effective and ecological economy in this region. In order to promote the effective and ecological development of this region, China has developed and issued The Development Planning of Effective and Ecological Economic Region for the Yellow River Delta. It is defined that Strengthen the environmental protection by prevention and comprehensive improvement, EP standards and pollutant distribution controlling systems should be implemented strictly to increase the environment carrying capacity. Strengthen the industrial wastewater treatment; close the enterprises with high pollutant loads; prevent the industrial pollution diverting to the rural area. Strengthen the rural environmental protection, focusing on the livestock breeding pollution, soil pollution and rural solid waste pollution to control the rural pollution source effectively. Strengthen the pollution improvement to the key river basin and comprehensive improvement to the lesser river basin. Guangli River is a key river of Dongying City, but its water quality is far below the required Class V standard of Surface Water Quality Standard GB3838-2002 . In view of this issue, this proposed project will construct wetlands in the downstream of the Guangli River and implement rural pollution improvement in the pilot villages along the Guangli River which will improve the water pollution in Guangli River and Bohai Sea, so that complies with the Development Planning of Effective and Ecological Economic Region for the Yellow River Delta. 2 Comply with the Planning for the Wetlands Construction of Shandong Province. The planning defined that scientific waste treatment approaches should be adopted during the river improvement process, not only focus on the security of the water quality but also the economic development and social stability. That is to say the project shall focus on each rivers of the basin and follow an integrate thought of project objectives, total quantity, project and investment, adopt a strategy of improvement, utilization and protection, comprehensive utilization of economic, legal and scientific and technology approaches and make full use of the roles of market mechanism, macro-control mechanism and public participation mechanism to promote the economy structure adjustment within the basin, urban infrastructure construction, clean production, pollution improvement and ecology protection works, then promote the comprehensive pollution improvement works within the basin. Wetland is composed of water, matrix under permanent or intermittent saturation, aquatic life and aquatic plants which is a complex ecology system with high productivity and great activity. As an important habitat for a variety of livings, it also has the following
5 functions, such as water conservation, flood and water logging control, water purification and pollutant degradation, etc. Wetland is one of the most productive ecology systems in the world and it is the cradle for biodiversity and storage place for important genetic substances. Artificial wetland is designed to simulate the structure and functions of natural wetlands which is composed of matrix under permanent or intermittent saturation, emergent plants, submerged plants and animals, utilize appropriate shape, size, water distribution and collection systems to ensure a good water flow and high pollutant removal efficiency. There are a number of successful examples and adequate practice experience in utilizing wetland to purify the water quality in Shandong Province, such as wetland for Jining WWTP with a coverage area of 1500 m2 under the joint construction of Shandong EP Bureau and Jining Municipal Government in 2003; Xinxue River Wetland for Water Purification Project with a coverage area of 1500 mus under the joint construction of Shandong EP Bureau, Jining Municipal Government and Weishan County Government in 2005. All of the above wetland projects are operated with a good outcome. So this proposed project complies with the Planning for the Wetlands Construction of Shandong Province. 3 Comply with the Planning of Yellow River Water City- Water Pollution Improvement Project for Dongying City. It is clearly defined in the Comprehensive Management of Water and Air Pollution Implementation Scheme for Environmental Protection Plan of Dongying City that the river basin water pollution prevention and control work shall be strengthened, and one of the projects is the construction of Dongba Road Wetland Project which is the wetland construction of this proposed project, so this proposed project complies with the Planning of Yellow River Water City- Water Pollution Improvement Project for Dongying City. 3.3 Industrial Policy and EP Policy Compliance 1 Industrial Policy Compliance The proposed project is surface water –Guangli River Water Purification Project, it is an environmental protection and improvement project which is not the restricted or obsoleted project that listed in Guiding Catalogue of Industrial Structure Adjustment (2011 version). Therefore, it is a permitted construction project and in line with the requirements of national industrial policies. 2 EP Policy Compliance
6 According to the document [No.131, 2007] issued by Shandong EP Bureau, this proposed project complies with the environment protection law and regulations and the local planning. If the pollutant discharged after meeting the relative standards, there will be no impact on the local pollution improvement tasks. The proposed project area is not within the scope of forbidden approval or restricted approval, so this proposed project is in line with the requirements of the document [No.131, 2007] issued by Shandong EP Bureau.
4 Project Contents The project development objective is to demonstrate innovative and cost-effective water pollution control practices in Guangli river catchment of Dongying City contributing to pollution reduction in the Bohai Sea. The project contents mainly include: 1 Wetland and Sluice Gate Operation Optimization
7 With the wetland of Dongba Road, part of the river water will be treated and reused by Huanghe Road water system; and the pollutant will be reduced by the sluice gate operation optimization; through the distribution, diversion, storage of the natural water flow, regulation of the water level and prevention of encroachment of sea water to ensure the management and utilization of the sluices. 2 Agricultural Pollution Control and Rural Waste Management Through the effective technology and management to carry out the agricultural pollution and rural waste management, then to reduce the pollutant loads in the selected area. 3 Capacity Building and Policy Studies Through construction of EP Training Center to increase the public sense of EP and the public participation to the project implementation process and increase the support to the project from society and private agents; Through the training to enhance the capacities of the staffs for project implementation and with the relative developed policies to solve the issues occurred during the project implementation process, then achieve the proposed objectives of the project. The EIA recommendations, EIA of policies, laws and regulations need to be included in this whole process of capacity - building and policy development. 4 Project Management and Implementation Support Through the project management to increase the capacity of the project management staffs when developing the management policies and project promotion models; implement the project objectives monitoring through the monitoring evaluation. The above wetland system construction and agricultural pollution control and rural waste management project are the main physical project components of the proposed project. See Figure 4-1 for the locations of the Wetland of Guangli River and Pilot Villages of Agricultural Pollution Management Project. See Figure4-2 for the plain view drawing of the Artificial Wetland project. See Table 4-1 for the components of the proposed project.
Table 4-1 Components of the Proposed Project components contents project
8 including ecological retention pool, a free-surface flow wetland, a gated overflow weir and pumping station and other counterpart facilities; Wetland of 4 3 the designed treatment capacity is Q1=7.0×10 m /d March Dongba 4 3 to Nov. ,Q2=2.5×10 m /d Dec.-Feb. Road The treated outflow will be reused if meet the requirement of Class V of Surface Water Quality Standard GB3838- 2002 . Main Project Agricultural Pollution 1 Agricultural pollution management in 4 pilot villages Control and 2 Discharge of cropland treatment in 4 pilot villages Rural Waste 3 Human Wastewater Treatment Project in 8 pilot villages 4 Rural solid waste treatment project in 2 pilot village Management Project Capacity Through the training to enhance the capacities of the staffs for project implementation and with the relative developed Building and Dissemination policies to solve the issues occurred during the project Policy implementation process, and then achieve the proposed and Education Studies objectives of the project. And construct a training center. Project Through the project management to increase the capacity of Project the project management staffs when developing the Management management policies and project promotion models
See Table 4-2 for the investment of the proposed project.
Table 4-2 Investment of the Proposed Project 104 USD 104 RMB Sub-components GEF Counterpart GEF Counterpart total total Grant Fund Grant Fund A. Wetland and Sluice Gate Operation 210 2026.89 2236.89 1386 13377.45 14763.45 Optimization Wetland of A1 210 1267.03 1477.03 1386 8362.44 9748.44 Dongba Road Sluice Gate A2 Operation 0 90.9 90.9 0 600.0 600.0 Optimization structure A3 demolition 0 668.9. 668.9 0 4415.01 4415.01 compensation B. Agricultural Pollution Control and 140 57.17 197.17 924 377.31 1301.31 Rural Waste Management agricultural B1 pollution control 4 17.28 15.9 33.18 114 104.97 218.97 villages
9 rural waste B2 management 8 78.05 41.27 119.32 515.1 272.4 787.54 villages B3 FEPA 10villages 44.67 0 44.67 294.8 0 294.8 C. Capacity Building 100 524.2 624.2 660 3460 4120 and Policy Studies education and C1 0 465.2 465.15 0 3070 3070 training center C2 capacity building 20 40.61 60.61 132 268 400 C3 policy studies 80 18.48 98.48 528 122 650 D. Project Management and Implementation 50 177.28 227.28 330 1170 1500 Support project D1 implementation 10 35.45 45.45 66 234 300 support monitoring and D2 20 10.31 30.31 132 68 200 evaluation project D3 20 131.52 151.52 132 868 1000 management others 0 609.39 609.39 0 4022.01 4022.01 3894. Total 500 3394.97 3300 22406.78 25706.78 97
10 Figure4-1 Location of the Proposed Project
11 Figure4-2 Location of the Wetland Project
12 4.1 Contents of the Wetland Project 4.1.1 Land Acquisition Status of the Project The total land acquisition area for the project is 2698.5 mus, including 73.5 mus and 2625 mus for west ecological retention pool and east surface flow wetland respectively. Only the fish ponds and saline-alkali fields are acquired within the land acquisition area, and these lands are under a low utilization rate with a low crops production. Since the project locates in the downstream of the river and the land acquisitions are in line with the national policies, so the current land status is good for the smoothly implementation of the wetland project.
4.1.2 Main Contents of the Project Construction According to the regional hydrogeology, water quality, pollution sources distribution and land utilization status, and taking the development planning of Dongying City and the representativeness and promotion of wetland project into consideration, it is selected that the wetland project will be constructed at Dongba Road in the downstream of Guangli River. 1 Process Scheme The process of ecological retention pool + surface flow wet land is selected for the water purification project of Dongba Road Wetland. Through the construction of sluice gate in the north bank of Guangli River, the polluted water will be diverted to the bottomlands in the wets of Dongba Road and then the bottomlands will be transformed into ecological retention pool. The polluted waster will be discharged to the surface flow wetlands in the east of Dongba Road after the preliminary treatment in the retention pool. The pollutant of the wastewater will be reduced by the metabolic activities of microorganisms and aquatic plants existed in the retention pools and surface flow wetlands. The outflow will meet the Class V standard through the triple synergy of physical, chemical and biological roles of the wetlands. The outflow will be pumped into the water systems in Huanghe Road by the new constructed pump station once the outflow meets the required water quality standards. See Figure 4-3 for the detailed wastewater treatment process.
13 SurfaceFlow Wetland A
Wate Class Class Class Water Lifting r Ecological river of pump Retention Guang station Pool Class Class Class
SurfaceFlow Wetland B
Figure 4-3 Wetland Treatment Process
14 2 Identification of Treatment Capacity The wetland coverage area is 2698.5 mus. Taking the useful land area of the wetlands and the water quality characteristics of Guangli River into consideration, the water load is defined as 4cm/d and 1.5cm/d for summer and winter respectively. So the treatment capacity of Dongba Road Wetland is as the following: 4 3 Q1=7.0×10 m /d March to November 4 3 Q2=2.5×10 m /d December to February 3 Identification of the Inflow and Outflow Water Quality According to the Planning of Yellow River Water City- Water Pollution Improvement Project and taking the current water quality of Guangli River and the outlet will be discharged into water systems in Huanghe Road for landscaping into consideration, the outlet water quality is defined as Class V to meet the requirements of Surface Water Quality Standard (GB3838-2002). See Table 4-3 for the detail indicators for the water quality of inflow and outflow. Table 4-3 Designed Inflow/outflow Water Quality of Dongba Road Wetland (mg/L)
Pollutant CODCr BOD5 NH3-N TP Inflow water 60 20 8 1 quality(mg/L) Outflow water 40 10 2.0 0.4 quality(mg/L) According to the investigation, the runoff volume of Guangli River is 50 million to 60 million m3/a. The Dongba Road Wetland treatment volume takes 42.6% and 15.2% of the daily runoff volume of Guangli River for March to November and December to February respectively. See Table 4-4 for the pollutant reduction volume of Dongba Road Wetland. Table 4-4 Pollutant Reduction Volume of Dongba Road Wetland
Pollutant CODCr BOD5 NH3-N TP Inflow water 60 20 8 1 quality(mg/L) Outflow water 40 10 2.0 0.4 quality(mg/L) Reduction 430 215 129 12.9 Volume(t/a) 4 Ecological Retention Pool The ecological retention pool will be constructed in the bottomlands with a length of 350m from east to west and a width of 140m from south to north, the retention pool locates in the west of Dongba Road, north of Guangli River bank and south of Dongxin Oil
15 Company. Base on the site conditions, a sluice gate for wetlands, wet weir and north weir will be constructed in 300m place to north bank of Guangli River and west of Dongba Road. The bottom level of the retention pool will be adjusted to plant various kinds of hydrophytes and the solar aeration machines and floating islands will be set up in the deep water. The outflow of the retention pool will be discharged into the surface flow wetlands by the pipelines. Weir The weirs will be constructed in the west and south of the retention pool with a top width of 5m, height of 2m, slope ratio of 1:3 and a total length of 440m. A 1m tall slope protection wall will be constructed in the slope against the water which is 0.5m above the designed water level and the plant the local plants in the slope. Aeration Facilities It is designed that four solar pumping devices will be equipped to exchange the surface water and the bottom water and to increase the dissolved oxygen of the water, then increase the pollutant reduction rate. Hydrophytes The lotus and water lily will be planted in the water area with a deepth from 0.6m to 1.5m and hornwort, vallisneria, hydrilla and crispus in the water area with a depth from 1.5m to 2.0m. Different plants will be plant in different area to reduce the pollutant. The floating island will be construted in the deep water and the different plants will be planted there, such as canna, loosestrife, bulrush, iris, water chestnut and other plants 5 Surface Flow Wetland Different levels of the surface flow wetlands will be constructed within 500m of the east of the Dongba Road with a length of 3500m from the south of north bank of Guangli River to the north of bottomlands Huanghe Road, the outflow of the wetlands will be discharged into the water systems of Huanghe Road by the lifting pump station. The wetlands system contains section A and section B in a parallel connection way, and there are three levels of wetlands for each section in a series connection way. The distribution channel will be constructed in the primary wetland units of section A and section B. In order to strengthen the wastewater treatment in primary and secondary wetland units, the earthwork, origin embankment and river bed height are adjusted and the bulrush and other local wetland plants are planted with a density of 6 to 9 plants/ m2 in the designed water depth from 0.5m to 0.8m. Potamogeton, crispus and other submerged
16 plants are planted in the deep water with a designed depth from 0.8m to 2.5m, and then the pollutant will be deep purified in this section. The deep water section without emergent aquatic plants and section mixed aquatic plants will be set up in the tertiary wetland to ensure the weland has an open surface of 30%, so that can increase the reoxygenation capacity and landscaping effectiveness of the wetland system. The floating-leaved plants, submerged plants and some aquatic plants are planted in this section, such as bulrush and cattail in the left bank, lotus, water lily and water chestnut will be planted in the shallow area and P.pectinatus Linn and Potamogeton algae will be planted in the deep water area. Through the optimized combination of the plants, the wetland can be operated steadily and increase the biodiversity. Hydrophyte See Table 4-5 for the hydrophytes planted in the surface flow wetlands. Table 4-5 Designed Hydrophytes in the Surface Flow Wetlands selected region plants scope coverage density species shallow area Coverage humidogene Bamboo reed, from 0m to 139.5 mus rate of 40- Emergent plant cress, calamus 0.3m 45% area along emergent Bulrush, cattail, the bank planted in the 15~25 aquatic eel grass 1700 mus 1m depth water plants/m2 plant planted in the Coverage floating- Wild chestnut, 1.5m depth 262.5 mus rate of 45- Middle leaved plant water lily, lotus water 50% submerged Potamogeton planted in the Coverage area Submerged algae, hornwort, 1.5m depth 393 mus rate of 60- plant crispus water 65% Sluice Gate The inlet volume flow into the distribution channel of Section A and B will be controlled by the sluice gate. At the same time, two sluice gates will be constructed in the gated overflow weirs to control the water level of the wetlands. The sluice gate is made of reinforced concrete with two holes, the net width is 1m and the gate height is 1.5m. Distribution Channel Adopting the overflow weir to distribute the water will ensure the outflow from the WWTP can flow into the wetlands evenly. Two C30 reinforced concrete distribution channel will be constructed with a width of 1.5m, height of 1.05m and length of 200m. Weir and Partition of Wetlands
17 The main function of the weir is to maintain the water treatment coverage of the wetland water quality improvement project and to ensure the treatment effectiveness. The outer weir is constructed in a slope by soil compaction structure, the required earth comes from the adjustment of the wetland bottom and the slope rate is 1:3 for the outer weir with a top width of 5.0m and added height is 1.5m to 2m with a total length of 7500m. Ecological Slope Protection The ecological slope locates in the wetlands weir and partition. According to the status of the channel and partition and the hydraulic conditions, the slope protection technique and the root stability ecological slope protection technique are adopted to smooth the natural embankment and protect the natural plants, and then the flood discharge space will be expanded. The length of the slope is about 8000m with a top width of 3.0m and has 5333 trees with grass coverage of 96000 m2. Gated Overflow Weir The weir can maintain the wetland in a high water level and collect water evenly. The gated overflow weirs in section A and B have a same length of 200m, the top width is 2.0m and the height of the weir is 1.0m with a slope rate of 1:3. The inside of the slope is made of compacted clay and the outside is constructed in a masonry structure. 6 Sluice Gate and Pump Station An entrance gate will be constructed in 300m away from the west Dongba Road and north bank of Guangli River to draw the water of Guangli River to retention pool. A lifting pump station will be constructed in the outlet of the wetland, then the outflow of the wetland can be pumped into the watere systems at Huanghe Road and used for landscaping. 7 Counterpart Facility A comprehensive administration building will be constructed in the outlet of the wetland to manage the daily work and disseminate the wetland project to the public. The building has two floors with a construction coverage area of 480m2 and a parking lot was constructed with a coverage area of 300m2. A wooden platform was constructed in the wetland area for birds view with a width of 1.5m and a total length of 1500m. 4.1.3 Sluice Gate Operation Optimization The pollutant discharging will be reduced through the sluice gate optimization; through the distribution, diversion, storage of the natural runoff, regulation of the water level and prevention of encroachment of sea water to ensure the management and
18 utilization of the sluices. Water Body of Guangli River Before the water was discharged into the sea, the water will first flow into Dongba Road Wetland for treatment by No.1 Gate and then flow into the water systems at Huanghe Road by No.2 Gate, and then flow back to Guangli River. Other Water Circulations The hydraulic condition and water self purification ability will be improved by the periodically water supplement from the upstream (e.g. Wugan Channal) and water circulation measures. It will also contribute the continous operations of the downstream wetland. During the flood period, the wastewater generated after the first flood should not be concentrative discharged so that can avoid the emergent water pollution for the river downstream and the entrance to the sea, and can reduce the pollution to the Bohai Sea. With the regulation and self purification functions of Minghai Sluice Gate and Minghong Sluice Gate in Guangli River, Minghui Sluice Gate in Gengjing Reservoir, urban water systems and wetlands can avoid the wastewater concentrative discharging after the first flood and reduce the pollution to the Bohai Sea. 4.1.4 Public Utility Projects Water Supply After the operation of the wetland project, the comprehensive administration building will in charge of the plant supplementing, diseases and pests prevention and control, plant harvest and transportation, plant selling, inflow and outflow quality and volume monitoring, inflow volume regulation and other administrative work. There are 5 administrative staffs in all. During the plant harvest time, the local peasants will be hired to harvest the plants, but the employment number depends on the plant volume. The water volume needed for one administrative staffs is about 80L/d, the water volume for operation period is about 0.4m3/d and the annual need water volume is 146m3, all the water needed is supplied by the municipal water supply pipeline networks. Drainage The storm water and wastewater separation system is adopted for the drainage of the proposed project. The storm water will be discharged to the nearest water body and the outlet was set up dispersively.
19 The septic tanks will be established in the waste outlet of the wetland administrative department and the waste will be collected and treated together and then transported by the vacuums of the sanitation department periodically. Heating The wetland administrative department will use air conditioners for heating in winter. 4.1.5 Main Project Quantities See Table 4-6 for the key structure, attached structures and materials of the project Table4-6 List of the Key Structure, Attached Structures and Materials
NO. Name Model Quantity Note I. Sluice Gate and Lifting Pump Station 1 Sluice gate 1 Lifting pump 2 1 station II. Ecological Retention Pool Floating-leaved 1 18.4mus plant 2 Submerged plant 25.7mus Earthwork 3 29400m3 adjustment 4 Weir Top width:5m, Height:2m 440m 5 Pitched slope 141m3 Hollow bricks for 6 980m2 grass planting Cemented 7 980m stonewalling III. Surface Flow Wetland Emergent aquatic 1 1700mus plant Floating-leaved 2 262.5mus plant 3 Submerged plant 393mus 4 Inlet pipeline Concrete pipe, D=2000mm 300m 5 Controlling gate Width:2m, height: 1.5m 4 C30 Distribution reinforced 6 Width:1.5m, height:1.05m 400m channel concrete structure Water level CBZ 7 height:1m, Width:1m 4 regulation gate
20 Top width:5m, height:2m, slope 8 Weir 7500m rate:1:3 Top width:3m, height:2m, slope 9 Partition 3500m rate:1:3 10 Riprap Diameter:10~20cm 2250m3
11 Culvert pipe D=800mm h=2.0~3.0m 900m 12 Ecology protection Top width:3m, height:2m 5000m Trees for slope 13 Diameter over10cm 5333 protection 14 Lawn 96000m2 Top width:2m, height:1m, slope 15 Overflow weir 400m rate: 1:3 Earthwork 16 1150000m3 adjustment IV. Counterpart Facility Comprehensive Bricks 1 administrative Two floors S=480m2 concrete building 2 Wooden platform Width:1.5m 2000m Birds viewing Wooden 3 S=30m2 9 house structure Online water Bricks 4 5.1m×6.0m 1 quality monitoring concrete 5 Parking lot S=300m2 Reinforcement of Diameter:3m thickness:50cm 6 125 telegraph pole Cemented stone
4.2 Agricultural Pollution Control and Rural Waste Management In order to reduce the agricultural and rural wastewater pollution to Guangli River, It is proposed that several pilot villages will be selected to conduct the pollution control and management project along Guangli River 1 Agricultural Pollution Control and Management(4 pilot villages) Pilot Villages Selection The pilot villages are Shaotou Village in Xindian Street of Dongying District, Wangying Village, Shangzhuang Village and Huangdian Village in Shengtuo Town of Kenli County. Controlling Measures of the Pilot Project
21 The agricultural pollution control measures for the pilot villages include the following: Application of the fertilizer pollution prevention and control technology for cultivation, application of the pesticide pollution prevention and control technology for cultivation and promotion of the plastic sheet pollution prevention and control measures. Through the introduction and implementation of the above measures, then we can reduce the fertilizer, pesticide and plastic sheet pollutions to the water quality of Guangli River. See Table 4-10 for the detailed pollution prevention and control coverage area and the estimated investment. Table 4-10 List of the Estimated Investment for Agricultural Pollution Control and Management Project Agricultural Pollution Control and Management Coverage Cost ten Technology area hm thousands Chemical fertilizer replacement and accurate 60 15 fertilizer application for wheat Chemical fertilizer replacement and accurate 60 15 fertilizer application for corn Accurate fertilizer application and reduction for 33 0 rice Soil test and fertilization technology for cotton 150 85
Moth-killing lamp 245 4 Technology guiding, dissemination and training -- 48 fee
2 Crop lands Discharge Treatment(4 pilot villages) The discharge of the crop lands refer to the runoff from the crop land after the irrigation or rainfall. Since the outflow is rich in nitrogen and phosphorous of the fertilizer utilized, so the runoff from the crop lands is easy to cause water pollution. Pilot Villages Selection The pilot villages are Shaotou Village in Xindian Street of Dongying District, Wangying Village, Shangzhuang Village and Huangdian Village in Shengtuo Town of Kenli County. Controlling Measures of the Pilot Project The designed discharge pollution treatment of croplands is buffer strips + eco- trenches.300 mus of crop lands were selected as the pilot crop lands nearby the drainage ditches and the buffer strips width is 10m.
22 The eco-trench system is made of construction and plant components. The cliff and bottom of the eco-trench are made of cellular concrete board and the cliff has a slope and small dams will be constructed in the trenches to lower down the water flow speed and increase the water retention time so that the nutrients will be precipitated and reduced. Buffer strip refers to the lands with permanent plants to intercept the pollutant of the wastewater. The buffer strips are constructed along the lands nearby the drainage ditches, no fertilizer and pesticide used when planting the plants in the buffer strips, the plant can absorb the fertilizer and pesticides from the outflow from croplands.
furrow wall
plants Block box
furrow bottom
Table 4-4 Chart of Eco-trench 3 Rural Livestock Wastewater Treatment Project 8 pilot villages Pilot Villages Selection The pilot villages are Shaotou Village, zhaojia Village, tangjia Village in Xindian Street of Dongying District, qinjia Village, Wangying Village, Shangzhuang, jiangjia Village and Huangdian Village in Shengtuo Town of Kenli County. Select the septic tank and oxidation pond treatment technology to treat the rural domestic sewage of pilot villages. For pilot village of sewage pollution, separation of rain sewage pipe network transport to villages focus on methods, household sewage is set through pipes into septic tanks, septic pump into oxidation ponds, oxidation pond near the water flowing to irrigation ditches for irrigation, or batch to a nearby wasteland, consumed through natural infiltration, evaporation. 4 Rural Solid Waste Treatment( 2 pilot village) The selected pilot villages are Shangzhuang and Huangdian Village in Shengtuo Town of Kenli County. The collective composting plant is constructed to regulate the solid waste deposit and composting of two pilot villages. The organics of the livestock waste
23 and solid waste will be treated by the collective fermentation and deposit in each household. 4.3 The Establishment of Farmer Environmental Protection Association (FEPA) It is planned that 10 sound FEPAs will be established within two to three years. Firstly, four pilot villages (Shaotou Village, Huangdian Village, Shangzhuang Village and Wangying Village) were selected within two townships. The rural solid waste management and eco-friendly agriculture production will be demonstrated in the villages and then promoted to other 10 pilot villages. Base on the successful experience of there 10 pilot villages, the experience will be promoted to the other 11 townships along the Guangli River basin to establish the FEPA. 4.4 Capacity Building, Policy Studies, Project Management and Implementation Support Through the training and dissemination to raise the public awareness of the environmental protection so that more reasonable policies and measures will be developed and the pollutant can be reduced at the pollution sources. 4.4.1 EP Education and Training Center EP Education and Training Center is aimed at to raise the public awareness of the environmental protection and to increase the participation and support of the public and private agents for the project implementation. The Education and Training Center locates in Dongying Vocational College and is constructed by Dongying Urban Agricultrual Bureau, it is responsible for the project dissemination, industry training and project promotion and service. Table 4-7 List of the Education and Training No. Main contents Main work EP Booklet Investigate, Organize and Management Booklet Writing Dissemination Printing Establishment of the Website Platform Construction Rural EP Website Contents Development Dissemination Website Trust, Maintenance and Information Website Disclosure Project Investigate, Organize and Management Dissemination EP Dissemination Script Development Education Film Filming and Production Broadcast Management Investigate, Organize and Management Famer EP Training Training Video File Development of the -- Demonstrate Project
24 Investigate, Organize and Management
Development of the Development of the three standards for training Professional Training File Development of the three pieces of training materials Training Material Printing Livestock waste treatment training for 100 staffs; Project Wetland Treatment Training for 100 staffs; Professional Agricultural Production Safety Training for 100 Training Staff Training staffs; Rural EP Training for 200 staffs Long Distance Comprehensive Training for 1000 staffs Video File Development of the -- Demonstrate Project Theme Identification, Specialist Employment and Special Workshop Reception Work Script Development Porject Case Video Collection Education Film Video Edition and Recording Development DVD Printing Investigate, Organize and Management Long Distance PPT Long Distance PPT Text Development Development Long Distance PPT Text Development Project Promotion PPT Edition and Development and Servicee Service for Training Management Test and Certificate Management Long Distance Manage and Organize Farmers Promotion Training Long Distance Network Maintenance and Material Consumption Fair Organization Outcome Promotion Fair Place Hiring and Exchange Fair Reception Work
4.4.2 Capacity Building Through the training and study to conduct the capacity building work for management staffs and work staffs so that can meet the target of the environmental protection of Guangli River. Table 4-8 List of Trainings for Capacity Building No. Training Content Participants Training Approach Project Two training courses Staffs of PMOs 1 Management every year and one Staffs of PIU Training domestic study with 5
25 No. Training Content Participants Training Approach participants Two training courses Project Staffs of PMOs every year and one 2 Implementation Staffs of PIU domestic study with 5 Training Staffs from Hui River Committee participants Two training courses Procurement Staffs of PMOs every year and one 3 Training Staffs of PIU domestic study with 5 participants Two training courses Financial Staffs of PMOs every year and one 4 Training Staffs of PIU domestic study with 5 participants Public Two training courses Community Staffs of PMOs every year and one 5 Participation Staffs of PIU domestic study with 5 Capacity Training participants
4.4.3 Policy Study and Development The polluters will be restricted by the developed policies and plannings so that can achieve the objectives of pollution prevention and control. The successful experience and best practice will be promoted to other river basins of Shandong Province for reference. 4.4.4 Project Management and Implementation Support The capacities of the PMOs and PIU will be enhanced through the supply of project implementation support and achieve a better project management. 4.5 Estimated Investment of Environmental Protection See Table 4-9 for the estimated investment of proposed environmental protection project. Table 4-9 List of Estimated Investment for the Proposed Project
No. Summary of EP Measures Investment ten thousands RMB 1 EP during the construction stage 330 Prevention of water loss and soil 2 325 erosion 3 Septic tanks 5 4 Wetland and counterpart facilities 14763.45 Agricultural and rural pollution 5 1301.32 management 6 Capacity building and policy studies 4120 7 Project management 1500
26 8 others 3362.01 Total - 25706.78 Since the proposed project is an environmental protection project, so it is revealed from the above table that the total investment for environmental protection is 0.2570678 billion RMB which takes 100% of the project total investment.
5 Alternative Analysis
27 5.1 Alternative Analysis for the Wetland Bio-ecological technology mainly includes biofiltration, wetland, detention pond, more natural rivers and floating bed plants, ecological slope protection and so on. Table 5-1 selection of wetland Tecnology Advantage Disadvantage Bio- It is especially suitable for severely polluted Suitable for smaller filtration tributaries of river water quality purification; water treatment of technology It has better processing efficiency and higher water; higher resistance to shock loads of features of biofilm investment; difficult treatment technology, and stability of filtration maintenance; technology, is stronger applicability and sustainability; wetland Wetland is a transition zone between land and Covers an area of water, with unique ecological structure and large; function, and is the natural environment of self- in winter, treatment purification capacity . efficiency is not as ´ Construction and operation costs is good as that in non- cheaper; winter seasons. ´ Easy maintenance and low technology content; Good treatment effect; resistance on hydraulic and pollution load; Provides benefits, such as aquaculture, planting, Wildlife Habitat, recreation and education. detention Using the plants and microbial degradation of Less effective; pond adsorption, degradation of organic pollutants in Used as a river; pretreatment. It is relatively easy to implement, and manage simple, more suitable for small river with wide river. more Building multi - nature ecological river mainly by investment larger, natural natural simulation and strengthening of river content larger rivers environmental conditions. Regeneration of river biological communities at the same time, create a good ecological environment and the natural landscape. floating bed In the polluted river, using wood, foam and other Less effective; plants lightweight materials to build floating islands. Suitable for combine Floating islands as a carrier, form habitats with other technology. microbes, insects, fish, birds, plants, form a chain to help water recovery, degradae content of COD, TP and TN. Mainly suitable for organic pollution and eutrophication of rivers ecological Suitable for biological growth of near - natural Do not suit the place of slope state of river; long-term soaking and protection simple construction, low cost slope gradient region Lower survival rate of
28 vegetation Less effective for larger flow river
Current implementation of artificial wetlands, detention pond and natural river channel for ecological repairing to the damaged river and water purification has been increasingly applied. Construction wetland is the key of comprehensive control of a small valley " treatment, use and conservation", and is the last barrier purifying pollutants in the Valley. Success or failure of constructed wetland directly related to the ability to achieve the goal of river water quality. Therefore, it is generally reasonable and practicable that combination ecological detention pond with surface flow constructed wetland as the process of wetland . 5.2 Alternaitve Analysis on Rural Sewage Treatment Currently mainly rural domestic sewage treatment process includes applications, stabilization pond, artificial wetland, land processing technology, and so on. Purification of domestic sewage digester is a decentralized domestic wastewater treatment equipment, it uses anaerobic digestion and aerobic biological filter combination approach, incorporating biological, chemical and physical processing together, uses the " multi-tage fermentation, a variety of multi-level aerobic filtration and purification" to achieve gradual removal of multiple pollutants in wastewater. Septic tanks are a precipitation and anaerobic fermentation theory, suspension of organic matter removal in sewage treatment facilities, transitional living structures belonging to the primary. Stabilization pond has a pond embankment and impermeable layer, its main use of aquatic biological systems, relying on natural biological purification of the sewage to be purified, is rapidly promoting wastewater treatment process, implementation of effective methods of sewage resource utilization and stabilization pond treatment technology in recent years. Artificial wetland is the structure filling certain selected graded fillers at the bottom, such as gravel, sand, peat, and packing plant for sewage well in surface soil, high survival rate, longer growth period, beautiful aquatic plants, such as reed. Land treatment system is a technology that put the sewage to the soil layers with a certain structure and good diffusion properties, using infiltration of soil capillary diffusion
29 principle, energy flow through the cycle of matter in ecosystems and gradual degradation of pollutants, purification of sewage treatment systems. Table 5-2 selection of rural domestic sewage treatment process Process Advantage Disadvantage Anerobic 1. suitable for treatment of high concentration In winter when the treatment wastewater from livestock and food processing temperature is low, waste water. Sewage treated can be directly used the process of for irrigation or discharged into the waters of the handling efficiency rivers. will be reduced,so 2. Low construction cost, high efficiency, high need require heat environmental and economic benefits preservation 3. Sewage treatment and utilization of organic integration enables reuse of wastewater. Septic tank less investment, easy maintenance, simple process, A longer treatment suitable for smaller rural sewage treatment. time; Covers large area; Stabilization With low infrastructure investment, low running Covers large area; pond cost, management and maintenance easy, stable Purification effect is and reliable operation easily affected by natural factors ,such as temperature. Artificial Batter treatment effect, and has a strong capability Covers an area of wetland of nitrogen and phosphorus, operation and much higher than maintenance convenience, simple management, traditional treatment low investment and operating costs process; Greater impact of seasonal change on wetland Land energy efficiency, low operating costs Limited by the treatment growing season of system crops, Non-growing season of crops without irrigation, wastewater treatment system will not work
Because rural domestic wastewater is less, water quality single, existing parts in the villages surrounding ponds available, taking into account the construction scale of the project, process, requirements, project investment, operating costs and maintenance management, we select applications in combination of Septic tank and stabilization pond to treat of domestic wastewater process.
30 6 Environmental Baseline 6.1 Brief Introduction to the natural environment 1 Geographical Location Dongying city is located in the Yellow River Delta of Northern Shandong Province. The Yellow River—the mother river of Chinese nation, enters the sea within the territory of Dongying city. Dongying lies at 36°55 38°10 north latitude and 118°07 119°10 east longitude. It borders on Bohai Sea on the east and north, and has a total area of 7,923 square kilometers. Guangli River is the main drainage channels running through the center city of Dongying. It runs through Dongying District and Kenli County and is the only river connecting the Yellow River and the Bohai Sea. The River starts from Nanzhan Dam Wangying Gate of Yellow River, runs through the center city and converge with Yihong River into Bohai Sea by Guangli Port. It is about 60km, drainage area is 510 km2. It played an important role in the water supply, drainage, flood control and improving the ecological environment. (2) Topography and geomorphology The main physiognomy of Dongying is plain. The Yellow River flood punches the surface frequently historically, so it shapes the complex Subminiature Terrain. The ground falls away from the southwest to the northeast along the Yellow River. The maximum
31 elevation of the southwest is 28 meters, compared with that the lowest elevation of the northeast is 1 meter. The natural ratio of reduced is 1/8000 ~ 1/12000. The maximum elevation of the west is 11 meters, the lowest elevation of the east is1m, the natural ratio of reduced is 1 / 7000. Yellow River passes through, and becomes "Ground river higher than its banks" respectively. The city has 5 types of micro-topography: the ancient flood heights, accounting for 4.15% total area of the city, mainly in the upper reaches of the Yellow River burst fan; flood heights, accounting for 3.58% of the total area of the city, mainly between the Yellow River to the levee; micro-inclined flat, accounting for 54.54% the total area of the city; the transition zone of depression; shallow depressions, accounted for 10.68% of the total area of the city. The south area of the Xiaoqing River mainly is constituted with the ancient highlands, the north of the Xiaoqing River mainly is constituted with microcline into the ground; beach, accounting for 27.05% of the total area of the city, show the zonal distribution and parallel to the coastline. 3 Surface water The city had 30 key drainage channels totally beside the Yellow River. By the Yellow River for dividing line, the south of the Yellow River belongs to the Huaihe River Basin, and the north of the Yellow River belongs to the Haihe River Basin. The river in the Huai basin strikes almost EW, except 20 rivers which strike SN, including the Xiaoqing River and its tributaries, Zhimai River and its tributaries and the Guangli River and its tributaries. The rivers in Hai basin are mostly from south to north, exept 10 rivers which strike EW, including Chao River and its tributaries, Caoqiao River, Tiao River, Shenxian River and its tributaries. 4 Geology Dongying City is located in the east of Jiyang depression area which belongs to the North China depression, from the old to the new, the stratigraphy experienced Archean Taishan rock group, Paleozoic Cambrian, Ordovician, Carboniferous and Permian, Mesozoic Jurassic, Cretaceous, Cenozoic Tertiary, Quaternary; lack of Proterozoic, Paleozoic and Upper Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Lower Palaeozoic and Mesozoic carbon Triassic system. According to "Ground Motion Parameter Zonation Map of China" (GB18306-2001), the region peak acceleration in the area is 0.10g; characteristic period of ground motion response spectrum is 0.45s. The regional earthquake basic intensity is 6 degrees. 5 Hydrogeology
32 The proposed regional hydrogeological unit where the project locates in is simple, groundwater types are mainly Quaternary pore water, the main supply sources is precipitation, the main discharge is surface evaporation. During the survey, groundwater depth is about 1.6m, and the relative elevation is about -1.9m (March 7, 2010), amplitude of groundwater each year is about 2.0m. 6 Sea The coast of Dongying starts from Jianggou estuaries in the north, end in the Zimaigou estuaries in the south, the total length is 412.67 km, accounting for about 1/7 of the coastline of Shandong Province. Beach area is 152 acres, within the -10m isobath, shallow sea area is 4,800 square kilometers. The seabed along the coastline is relatively flat, water transparency is from 32 to 55 cm. Seawater temperature and salinity are influenced by the continental climate and the Yellow River runoff greatly. The tide in the most part of the semi-closed sea belongs to the irregular semidiurnal tide, the average tidal range is from 0.8 to 1.2 meters, the highest tide is more than 5 meters. So it is easy to occur storm tide. (7) Climate and weather Dongying City is located in the middle latitudes, back the land and face the sea. Effected by the Eurasia and the Pacific combined, Dongying belongs to the warm temperate continental monsoon climate. Basic features of the climate are cold winter, hot summer and with four distinct seasons. No significant differences within the North-South climate. The mean annual temperature is 12.8 , crops satisfy three crops for two years. Average annual rainfall is 613.6 mm, mostly concentrated in the summer, accounting for 65% of annual precipitation. Annual precipitation varies greatly, and easy to form a drought and flood disasters. 6.2 Brief Introduction to the social environment Dongying District is located in the northeast of Shandong Province, the Yellow River Delta center, with east longitudes 118°12 ' 42 "~ 118°59 ' 52", north latitudes 37°14 ' 13 "~ 37°31 ' 57". It faces the Bohai Sea to the east and the Yellow River to the west, joins up with the Guangrao county and Boxing County to the south, Kenli County to the north. The greatest distance from the east to the west is 67.5 kilometers, and 26.5 kilometers from the north to the south, and the total area is 1155.62 square kilometers. The city is 15 kilometers away from the Kenli County seat to the north, 20 kilometers away from the Lijin County seat to the west, 50 kilometers away from the Guangrao County seat to the south, 220
33 kilometers from the provincial capital Jinan to the southwest, and 450 kilometers from the capital Beijing to the northwest. Established in 1984, Dongying District is the central part of Dongying City, as the political, economical and cultural center. It covers an area of 1155.62 square kilometers including 4 towns and 6 streets, and has a total population of 580,000. In 2009, the region completed a GDP of ¥20.837 billion, an increase of 17.2% calculated at comparable prices, achieved local fiscal revenue ¥1.288 billion , an increase of 22.01%, completed social fixed asset investment ¥19.924 billion , an increase of 27.8% and 3.5 percentage points. Kenli County is located in the Yellow River lower reaches of the Yellow River delta estuary of the northeast of Shandong Province, with north latitudes 37 ° 24 '~ 38 ° 10', east longitudes 118 ° 15 '~ 119 ° 19'. The greatest distance from the north to the south is 55.5 kilometers, and 96.2 kilometers from the east to the west. It faces the Bohai Sea to the east and Lijin County to the west across the Yellow River, joins up with the Dongying District of Dongying to the south, Hekou District of Dongying to the north. The total area is 2204 square kilometers and administers 4 towns, 1 village and 2 streets district offices. In 2009, the county realized a GDP of 16.0 billion, an increase of 20.3%;scale industrial added value of ¥12.91 billion, an increase of 24.1%; completed fixed assets investment ¥10.46 billion, an increase of 25.4%; achieved local government budget income of 595 million, an increase of 20.2%. 6.3 Status of regional environment quality and sensitive protection goals
1. Environment quality status (a) Environment air In 2009, the routine air monitoring data of Dongying City shows that the environmental air quality of the proposed wetland project evaluation of region is better. The all monitoring projects of SO2, NO2 and PM10 at monitoring site are not exceeded standard and meet class of the "Environment Air Quality Standard "(GB3095-1996). (b) Surface water (1) The seawater pollution situation of Guangli River estuary The marine environment monitoring forecast center of Dongying monitored the Guangli River estuary in Dongying District of Dongying City in Shandong Province respectively in June and October, 2008. The monitoring category of the outfall is general,
34 the type is municipal. The major pollutants in the outfall are NH3-N, oil and COD. The excessive pollutants are ammonia nitrogen, oil, COD and phosphate. Table 6-1 The measured values and evaluation criteria values of Guangli River estuary in June 2008 mg/L Pollutions COD NH3-N Oil Phosphate Measured values 88.7 2.48 0.110 0.502 Standard values 15 0.5 0.05 0.1 Pollution index 5.91 4.96 2.2 5.02
Table 6-2 The measured values and evaluation criteria values of Guangli River estuary in October 2008 mg/L Pollutions COD NH3-N Oil Phosphate Measured values 73.7 3.27 0.310 0.482 Standard values 15 0.5 0.05 0.1 Pollution index 4.91 6.54 6.2 4.82
The above table shows that the water quality of Guangli River estuary is much higher than the standard value. The pollution is more serious. (2) The river water pollution situation of Guangli River The investigation results along Guangli River, Five Six together row, and Old Guangpu Trench by the Environmental Protection Bureau of Dongying City in mid-April 2009 showed that there are a total of 157 outfalls including 73 direct outfalls, 27 Flap valves, 14 Pumping station overflows and 43 drain ports. Guangli River and tributaries accepted sewage nearly 4 million tons, of which more than 90% are urban sewage, the rest are industrial waste. Tables 6-3 show the pollutions situation of Guangli River. Table 6-3 The pollutants monitoring data online of Guangli River Victory Bridge section (2010) COD NH -N Data Section District 3 mg/L mg/L 2010-1 Victory Street Bridge Dongying District 54.9 3.15 2010-2 Victory Street Bridge Dongying District 47.0 7.10 2010-3 Victory Street Bridge Dongying District 50.5 7.96 2010-4 Victory Street Bridge Dongying District 55.7 6.71 2010-5 Victory Street Bridge Dongying District 70.8 10.37 2010-6 Victory Street Bridge Dongying District 60.5 9.69 2010-7 Victory Street Bridge Dongying District 46.9 1.60 2010-8 Victory Street Bridge Dongying District 44.1 2.02 2010-9 Victory Street Bridge Dongying District 69.9 2.32 2010-10 Victory Street Bridge Dongying District 64.6 2.11 2010-11 Victory Street Bridge Dongying District 64.3 4.29 2010-12 Victory Street Bridge Dongying District 64.6 2.32 Average in 2010 -- -- 57.8 4.97
35 The above table shows that the water quality of Guangli River is far exceeding the functional requirements of the "Surface Water Environment Quality Standard"(GB3838- 2002) class standard. (c) Undergroundwater According to the routine monitoring data of Dongying City, the other of the monitoring projects except NH3-N and total coliform of groundwater monitoring points in evaluation area were able to achieve Class of "Water Quality Standards"(GB/T14848- 93). (d) Acoustic environment The project area is mainly farmland and water, almost no noise source, only the natural noise. Acoustic environment quality is good. (e) Ecological environment Status of vegetation: The wild vegetation along Guangli River mainly are herbaceous vegetation including reed grasses, huangxu vegetables, thatch, Sargassum, etc.. Herbaceous roots in many years are the main subjects, such as reed, Po son, reed grass in low-lying land, etc. Trees in the evaluation region were all planted, including locust, poplar, willow and other types of strong adaptability. In short, the herbaceous plants are main species in the area. The plants species are common and general. There are no protected plants and rare plants in evaluation areas. Plant species are not diverse. Status of wild animals: According to the survey, birds include sparrows, magpies, mallard, gulls, etc; land animals have yellow weasel, hedgehog, mouse, rabbit, etc.; reptiles are snakes, lizards, geckos and so on. 2. The major environmental issues A. A large number of untreated sewage spilled into the river directly ¾ Rain and sewage mixed emission in West City is serious. ¾ Sewage treatment plant construction is lagging behind. ¾ Supporting sewage pipeline is incomplete, construction quality but off. ¾ Part sewage wells are not installed trash grille, siltation is serious; part inspection well set up along interception trunk is blocked because poured a large number of construction waste and sediment in cross construction that leads to poor sewerage, sewage spills into the Channel. ¾ Pump station design is unreasonable along the river, facilities is inadequate
36 B. Non-point source pollution caused serious pollution of Guangli River water ¾ Fertilizer pollution ¾ Pesticide contamination ¾ Plastic sheeting pollution ¾ Stool contamination of livestock breeding industry ¾ Rural non-point source pollution. Water pollution control plan was not established during the comprehensive management of Guangli River. Heavy use of farm pesticides and fertilizers along river caused agricultural non-point source pollution and polluted water by farmland irrigation tail water and seepage field into Guangli River. C. No external water caused the river water quality gradually deteriorate in dry season Dongying is a less water city because of less precipitation and large evaporation. It relies on sewage into river to supplement water level in dry season because no fresh ecology water adds. There is only a small amount of irrigation tail water and seepage in the river and can not form a runoff after sewage into the urban sewage pipe network through the interception and guide sewage projects. Because intercepted by the River Gate, saprophytes are easy to breed in water and cause deterioration of water quality. In view of the above problems, it is imminent to Implementation wetland engineering of Guangli River and control agricultural and rural non-point source pollution. Project implementation can effectively solve the issue.
6.4 The main environmental objectives Project construction may have some effects on the surrounding villages and companies. The surrounding 1km within wetland has no village, but has 4 companies, the specific position and distance in Table 6-4. Agriculture and rural non-point source pollution control project designs several villages, and the construction process will take some impact, specifically in Table6-5. The main environmental objectives around the project area are showed clearly in Table 6-4 and Figure 6-1. Table 6-4 The main environmental objectives around the project area
Relative Distance Implementation of Issues Name position /m standards Ambient air Chang xin Mazda 4S Ambient air quality W 200 Noise Store standard (GB3095-1996) II;
37 Environment Lian yu Motors LD. W 240 Environment Quality Dongying Jiao Motors standard for noise W 950 manufacturing base GB3096-2008 II Shengli Oilfield Dongxin Oil Production Plant W 20 Guang li station Rabbit raising base Parking center of logistics Xinlei concrete processing plant Changda concrete To be processing plant Not protection goals after the Within an area resettled Concrete product plant of removal Lutong Co.ltd. Shengzhong community garbage transition station Minghai fishing village restaurant Quality standard for ground Ground water Guangli river water GB3838-2002
Table6-5 List of pilot villages Project N0. Village 1 Xindian street Shaotou village Shengtuo town Wangying 2 village Agricultural pollution control Shengtuo town Shangzhuang 3 village Shengtuo town Huandian 4 village 1 Xindian street Shaotou village Shengtuo town Wangying 2 village Farmland tail water treatment Shengtuo town Shangzhuang 3 village Shengtuo town Huandian 4 village Rural sewage treatment 1 Xindian street Zhanjia village 2 Xindian street Tangjia village 3 Xindian street Shaotou village
38 Shengtuo town Wangying 4 village Shengtuo town Shangzhuang 5 village 6 Shengtuo town Jiangjia village Shengtuo town Huandian 7 village 8 Dongji town Qinjia village Shengtuo town Shangzhuang 1 village Waste disposal in rural areas Shengtuo town Huandian 2 village
39 Figure 6-1 Sensitive conservation objectives
7 Environmental Impact Assessment
40 7.1 Project Analysis 7.1.1 Processs flow The construction of wetland includes sluice and pump station, ecological retention ponds, surface flow wetland and other match facilities. The work content of wetland project and the agricultural and rural pollution control project include earth excavation, slope protection, construction of various infrastructures etc. The environmental impact of projects mainly is in the construction period, so EIA focuses on the construction period of the process. 1. Ordinary Processs flow
noise
process
Cleaning- excavation Based main end
dust, solid dust dust solid dust, solid wastes wastes wastes
2. Processs flow of sluice
Dust, solid wastes, noise
Cofferdam Excavation Pouring Installation Check
3. Processs flow of manual wetland
Dust, solid wastes
41 Selecting Excavation Planting Maintain Chec
7.1.2 Analysis factors (1)Construction period Atmospheric environmental factors The main factor is dust generated in earth excavation, piling, transportation and fuel emissions generated by machinery. The large wind is likely to produce more dust, increase suspended particulate matter in the air, bring some negative impact to the surrounding environment. General construction dust mainly affects on both sides of road within the scope of 60m. Fuel machinery and transport vehicles in the construction process will exhaust wastegas, primarily NOx, THC and other atmospheric pollutants to affect on the surrounding environment. Control Measures: Equip with cleaning facilities; stamp with tarpaulin to transport vehicles; water regularly the Pile field; forbid the throw-type loading and unloading; apply the high quality fuelsto machinery and transport vehicles; add gas purification device to vehicles. water environmental factors The main factors are sewage of workers, washwater of machinery and vehicles, concrete curing wastewater, pit drainage and so on. Control Measures: Install the simple toilets, sewage is collected and used as agricultural fertilizer, reuse the concrete curing wastewater precipitated by sedimentation tank, reuse the washwater of machinery and vehicles precipitated and separated by sedimentation tank. noise factors The nosie generated by machinery and vehicles has an impact on the surrounding environment and interferes with people’s living and rest. Construction machinery is the main noise source, noise sources in the construction zone flow pattern moving. Construction noise mainly occurs in the small piling, concrete mixing and the process of carrying earth, and noise level is about 70 ~ 105dB (A). The main noise equipments and the sound level can be seen in Table 7-1 as follows: Table 7-1 the main noise equipments and the sound level
42 Name of sound level Name of sound level No. No. equipments dB(A) equipments dB(A) 1 Excavator 79 83 8 chainsaw 90 2 Bulldozer 85 9 Welding machine 78 3 Loader 85 10 Flat shovel 80 4 lifter 72 11 Tractor 84 5 pump 70 80 12 pile 105 6 truck(3.5t) 79 83 13 Vibrating rod 105 7 crane 76 14 Concrete pump 85
Control Measures: In construction process it should pay attention to reduce the man-made noise, take appropriate measures to reduce impact on environment, add sound insulation, rationalize the using-time of noise equipments, avoid construction at night, etc. At the same time, select the appropriate location for equipments; use the natural condition to minimize the noise impact. solid wastes factors The solid wastes include roots, gravel, scrapped soil, useless materials, garbage, and so on. Control Measures: Roots, gravel, scrapped Soil, garbage (20t/a) are collected by the municipal sanitation department and transported to the local waste disposal sites; useless materials should be recycled by manufacturer. Impact factors on ecological environment Impact factors: First, various types of plants within the occupied land will be eradicated, cut down, so that the vegetation has been permanently damaged. Second,because of the excavation and cuting down the plants bare land could easily lead to soil erosion by rain. Third, all kinds of small animals such as voles and small reptiles are frightened and forced to move to another place or death by construction process. Due to relatively short period of construction time, from the long and regional perspective, both the destruction of vegetation and the impact on the animals are smaller. Control Measures:
43 For the inevitable ecological impact, it is necessary to develop the ecological compensation measures to make up the loss of a certain ecological impact, and develop temporary protective measures, land management measures, plants measures to make up the soil erosion. Impact on people Infectious diseases are easy to spread in the onstruction site. As the living conditions of the site and the relatively poor sanitary conditions, labor-intensive workers, will lead to reduced capacity to resist disease, increase the risk of infection in long working hours. Control Measures: The saff need wear the necessary protective measures, such as gloves, masks, etc. Other, arrange reasonable working time for workers, and reserve essential drugs. 2 Operation period This project belongs to the river pollution control project, the pollution factor is few. During the operation relatively, emission are mainly sewage and garbage of workers. Wastewater The five workers are responsible for replanting of plants, pest control, plant harvesting and removal, plant sales, and routine monitoring of the water quality of wetlands, water quantity management. The amount of sewage generated is 0.32m3/d (116.8m3/a), and the sanitation department is in charge of collection the sewage on a regular time. Gas This project does not have air pollution sources, and relies on electric heating. So this project belongs to non-polluting project. solid wastes There is no other solid waste except the garbage of workers. The garbage (0.91t/a) is collected by the municipal sanitation department and transported to the local waste disposal sites. Impact factors on ecological environment With the function of various wetland plants to gradually play, the ecological environment is recoveried. Expansion of the vegetation area impacts the local micro- climate and improves local ecological environment. After the project operates, effects on the ecological environment and landscape will be improved.
44 7.2 The generation and emission of pollutants and control Measures As the environmental projects, the generation and emission of project pollutants and control measures can be seen in Table 7-2 as follows:
45 Table 7-2 The generation and emission of pollutants
content Name of Concentration and Concentration and Sources control measures effect type Pollutants quantity of generation quantity of emission
relies on electric heating — — No effect gas -- — in winter
CODcr 350mg/L CODcr 0 40.88kg/a the sanitation department is BOD5 200mg/L Little impact on BOD5 0 in charge of collection and Wastewater sewage 23.36kg/a surface water treatment the sewage on a SS SS 200mg/L 23.36kg/a 0 environment regular time NH3-N 25mg/L NH3-N 0 2.92kg/a It is collected by the municipal sanitation solid Little impact on garbage — 0.91t/a 0 department and transported wastes environment to the local waste disposal sites.
46 Take appropriate measures, add sound insulation, rationalize the using- The noise of the place border meets the time of noisy equipment, and avoid construction at night to reduce the noise standards of Noise limits for construction site environmental impact. At the same time, select the Appropriate location for (GB12523-90). equipment, use the natural condition to to minimize the noise impact.
47 7.3 Environmental Impact Analysis 7.3.1 Environmental Impacts of wetlands during the construction period 7.3.1.1 Environmental Impacts on ecological environment The structure and function of regional ecosystem will be re-adjusted to impact on the ecosystem. After the wetland is constructed completely, the original project area aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems will gradually become wetland ecosystems. After the water quality is improved of the Guangli River, aquatic ecosystems which are seriously polluted now will change to the clean aquatic ecosystem, and it is good for ecological restoration. 1 Environmental Impacts on biology Environmental Impacts on vegetation Construction activities such as Excavation, stack etc will bring varying degrees of damage to regional vegetation, and even become secondary bare. The vegetation of other area does not be affected except Construction site. These plants are widely distributed species, rather than rare species. Therefore, the impact of construction on the plant will lead only to reduction in the number, not the extinction of species. So the impact is local and will not bring the greater impacts to the regional ecosystem. Environmental Impacts on wild animals Environmental Impacts on wild Animals during the construction period are:noise; part of the vegetation is destroyed; Construction will cut off the movement channels of certain animals, thereby affect the flow of the Species.However, due to strong migration of wild animals, those effects are temporary and partial,until the end of the construction will come to an end. The wild animals are the local common species (such as sparrows, magpies, rats, rabbits, snakes, etc), because of their migration and protection of animals, combined with the project covers an area is relatively small the impact on wildlife. 2 Environmental Impacts on soil Because of excavation within a certain area, the soil is disturbed and destroyed the original layer, even the arable layer. Excavation affects the soil fertility of the original topsoil, thereby affecting plant growth and yield. In addition, sewage, wash water, and solid waste may increase the load of soil pollution, as much as possible to handle them properly. There is not rare of soil organisms in this area, the destruction to the soil is temporary, so the ecological balance will soon be restored.
48 3 Environmental Impacts on occupied land The types of land occupied by the project mainly are wasteland and depression, and the construction of the project will change the types. according to preliminary plans, the project will cover permanently an area of 2698.5 acres. If a large number of spoil generated by excavation can be timely filled, used and minimized its exposure time, it can greatly reduce soil erosion. Almost all the excavated earth and stone can be backfilled. 4 Impact on people There is no village but 4 factories range 1km around the construction site. The types of impact on people are: blocking traffic, mechanical noise, dust, construction scene etc. It is necessary to take certain measures during the construction to control its impact within a certain range, thereby reducing the impact on the population. According to public participation, surrounding factories support for the project. 5 impact of soil erosion The soil erosion mainly takes during the construction period, so we identify construction period as the forecast period. The total area of disturbance of the original landscape, damage to land and vegetation is 209.9hm2. Almost all the excavated earth and stone can be backfilled. The project construction may make the soiland rocks stripped, vegetation damaged, soil erodibility added, soil fertility decline, even affect the ability of storage and flood control, so it has to take the positive control measures. Control measures: take the exposed surface around the wetland to be green; plant shrubs, grass etc to protect the road, plant low shrubs around the management office. Set the a temporary wall and drain around Spoil yard to avoid rain to wash out on the surrounding environment. It is necessary to take the appropriate measures to preserve stability of the embankment, and focus on drainage works. Engineering work should be tried to avoid scheduling during the rainy season or before the rainy season to reduce soil erosion in construction period. 6 Impact on risk If the pollutants of Guangli River are far beyond the purification capacity of wetlands, it could be led to large-scale pollution of wetland, weaken purification function, increase eutrophication, so it needs control the concentration of river.
49 7 Impact on landscape landscape structure After the completion of the project, landscape structure will change substantially, and most of the original landscape will disappeared. The area landscape will be changed from the reservoirs, saline, farmland into wetlands. Combination of land using changes in the structure, the landscape structure of project area is made of retention ponds, manmade wetlands, slope and construction of structures. landscape function Landscape is dominated by manmade wetlands. Purgative function of wetlands which play more action will gradually improve the environment, thus promoting local economic development. 8 Control measures: construction should be srictly in accordance with design, reduce the amount of foundation excavation and the construction of the spoil. Stack the excavation better for site preparation. During the construction and installation, arrange the scope and route, do operations in accordance with regulations. Strict control and manage the scope of transport vehicles and heavy machinery, minimize damage to existing vegetation and soil. Forbid stacking materials randomly and designate the appropriate stack yard to prevent the expansion of the scope of plant damage. Should be excavated stratified according to the implementation of practice. Top soil should be stacked separately with the underlying soil; backfilling should also be layered as much as possible to maintain the original ecological environment. Accumulation should also leave enough appropriate level; prevent precipitation and runoff to lead to soil erosion and surface subsidence. The remaining soil should be tiled in the field, forbid not being thrown away. Do well the work of land reclamation, clean up the scene. Parts damaged by the vehicles and machinery must be repair and restore timely. After construction is completed, destruction of vegetation must timely restore. 9 Invasion of exotic species Wetland plants growing and around the slope greening in all process should pay attention to the invasion of exotic species. Once discovering of harmful exotic species, should take removing, inhibiting or control measures as soon as possible, to reduce the
50 negative impacts. The control plans need to be developed, require the direct participation of ecologists, demonstrate fully the approach, and avoid causing more ecological damage. Also it needs to reach a consensus and support with local residents. 7.3.1.2 Ambient air impact analysis The main factors are dust generated in earth excavation, piling, transportation and fuel emissions generated by machinery. The amount of dust is relevant to many factors, such as construction site conditions, management level, degree of mechanization and the construction season, soil and weather, etc. General construction dust mainly affect on both sides of road construction within the scope of 50~200m. Spraying water is a good way to inhibit the dust, which cuts 80% of the dust. Fuel machinery and transport vehicles in the construction process will exhaust wastegas, affect on the scope of 50m. The amount is smaller and open construction site is easy diffused for pollutants, so the dust impacts less on environment. Because there is no village within the range of 200m around the construction site, Construction dust less impacts on surrounding villages. 7.3.1.3 Surface water environmental impact The main factors are Sewage of workers, washwater of machinery and vehicles, concrete curing wastewater, pit drainage and so on. Install the simple toilets, sewage is collected and used as agricultural fertilizer, reuse the concrete curing wastewater precipitated by sedimentation tank, reuse the washwater of machinery and vehicles precipitated and separated by sedimentation tank. Therefore, the wastewater produced during construction has little effect on the surrounding environment. 7.3.1.4 Noise environmental impact Machinery and vehicles will generate the noise, including: excavators, mixers, vibrating rods, concrete trucks, bulldozers, impact drill, air compressor, welding machine, etc. Because there is no village within the range of 200m around the construction site, the noise less impact on surrounding villages. 7.3.1.5 Solid waste The solid wastes include roots, gravel, scrapped Soil, useless materials, garbage and so on. Roots, gravel, scrapped Soil, garbage are collected by the municipal sanitation
51 department and transported to the local waste disposal sites; useless materials should be recycled by Manufacturer. The measure treated solid waste is reasonable and practicable, and it has little effect on the environment. 7.3.2 Environmental Impacts of wetlands during the operation period 7.3.2.1 Environmental Impacts on ecological environment Once the project is completed, due to construction damage and affecting factors of soil erosion after the measures implemented gradually disappeared, reduced until it reaches a new stable state. Through ecological greening project, operation period of significant reduction in the volume compared with the present situation of soil erosion, and soil erosion modulus becomes significantly smaller. 7.3.2.2 Ambient air impact analysis This project does not have air pollution sources, and relies on electric heating. So this project belongs to non-polluting project. 7.3.2.3 Surface water environmental impact Period of operation wastewater is mainly management’ sewage (0.32m3/d), and the sanitation department is in charge of collection the sewage on a regular time. Therefore, the project impacts less on Surface water environment. The wetland projects after the completion, can effectively reduce point source and non-point source pollution load may reduce pollutants CODCr (430t/a) and of NH3-N (129 t/a) of the guangli River into the sea. Project construction will enable certain improvement in water quality in the Bohai Sea. At the same time, purified water returns to the huanghe Road water system, improves water quality, and reduces the water supply from the upstream water resources(e.g Wugan Channal). 7.3.2.4 Underground water environmental impact The wetland projects don’t produce wastewater except Sewage. For regional geological conditions better, the wetland don’t lead infiltration to pollute groundwater. As long as strengthening the pipeline maintenance and necessary anti-seepage measures, the project does not have a larger impact on groundwater. 7.3.2.5 Solid waste The solid waste is mainly garbage (0.91t/a) which is collected by the municipal sanitation department and transported to the local waste disposal sites.
52 In winter the wetland will harvest the plant s which are recycled and utilized by the around villagers. The sludge in wetland needs to be cleaned on a regular time. Because of belonging to a general solid waste, the sludge can be sent to the landfill and does not affect the normal operation of the landfill. So the project does not have a larger impact on environment. 7.3.2.6 Impact on landscape The project changes the original appearance, increases the new landscape of wetland, selects the appropriate green way combining organically with the surrounding environment, and improves greatly water quality of the Guangli River. In short, through the development and effective utilization of land, the project can change the environment of the city landscape, link engineering and environment, and improve the local landscape conditions. Therefore, the negative effects of projects on landscape environment are small. 7.3.2.7 Health protection of workers The workers need wear the necessary protective measures, such as gloves, masks, etc. It is necessary to set railings and other protective measures to prevent security vulnerabilities. 7.3.2.8 Relocation There are 7 units in the area that wetlands cover.;Relocation would not have adverse effects on land because they are not involoved hazarouse production (e.g chemical). Relocation of the original 7 units will not cause greater impact on the surrounding environment. 7.3.3 Environmental Impacts of Agriculture and Rural Pollution Control Component 7.3.3.1 Positive impacts The investments in Agricultural Pollution Control Sub-Component will have the following positive imapcts: (a) Reduction of fertilizer pollution through use of alternative green/organic fertilizers, and precise application practices in the pilot villages. This includes use of alternative green fertilizers and precise application for winter wheat and corn crops, controlled precise fertilizer applications for paddy, balanced fertilizer application for cotton (based on soil fertility test results); as well as related training and technical assistance/extension services. It is expected that fertilizer use would be reduced by 15-20%, and utilization rate increase by 5-10%, leading to substantial nutrient loads (N, P) reducation to the Guangli River and significant cost-savings for the farmers
53 (b) reduction of pollution for pesticide use through public awareness raising, training and technical assistance, channeled through FEPAs, for reduced use of pesticides and adoption of alternative green technologies such as moth-killing lamps (us of such lamps each covering for 3-4 ha area for demonstration purpose). These interventions are expected to reduce the pesticide use by 20% or more, resulting in both pollution reduction and cost savings; (c) best practices for managing agricultural runoff (irrigation return flow and precipitation runoff from farm fields), to reduce nutrient and pollutant loads entering the Guangli river. Approaches include eco-trench, conservation buffer-strip, learning from international experiences. A farm area of 20 ha will be selected in each pilot village to apply the recommended technologies. The result expected is up to 90% of the pollutants from agricultural runoff removed in the target farm plots. 7.3.3.2 Negative effects The negative impacts and mitigation measures can be seen in table 7-3.
54 Table7-3 Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures for Agriculture and Rural Pollution Control Component Issues Potential Negative Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures 1.Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Management Small scale of construction The content is to reduce the use of fertilizers • Refer to EMP’s Annex Criteria for Environmental activities and pesticides. Only very small scale of Management of Construction Activities, • Implement the Pest Management Plan. construction is involved, and impacts on the surrounding environment are site specific, and minimal. 2.Sewage treatment in pilot villages Construction Phase Nuisance associated with small scale of • Refer to EMP’s Annex Criteria for Environmental construction Management of Construction Activities. Operation Phase Wastewater Effluent discharge/reuse. • Effluent discharge/reuse (e.g. irrigation) should be in compliance with relevant standards. • Facilities should have adequate capacity for wastewater storage/treatment before land application. Sludge Small amount of sludge removed from the • Sludge will be removed regularly from the treatment facilities and be reused or collected by sanitary stations. wastewater treatment facility Risks Groundwater may be contaminated by leakage • Establishing reliable monitoring system and monitor water quality regularly; from the wastewater facilities, including • Select high quality equipment(e.g. pumps, pipes); potential risks of equipment damage and pipe • Provide sufficient spare parts in place for key equipment; • rupture leading to contamination. Strengthen inspection, maintenance of the facilities. • Once a problem is found, staff should take immediate actions
55 to prevent leakage and report to local management timely. 3. Rural Waste Management Facilities in pilot villages Construction Phase Nuisance associated with the small scale of • Refer to EMP’s Annex Criteria for Environmental construction Management of Construction Activities. Operation Phase Odor Odor from waste. • Timely collect waste and dispose it in designated facilities to prevent odor; • Vehicles for waste transportation should be enclosed to mitigate odor. Waste collection and Waste/wastewater may spill over storage • Design adequate capacity for storage/treatment and provide storage facilities. adequate shelter/roof, and foundation to prevent rain/snow flowing into the storage facilities. • Regularly maintain the facilities for proper operation. Waste discharged from liquid and residue from waste tanks • Waste should be stored in designated facilities and used for facilities designated purpose, e.g. land application as fertilizer where appropriate. Safety • Strengthen routine inspection and check the site regularly • Implement Environmental Monitoring Plan strictly; • Provide Personal Protection Equipment (goggles, gloves, masks, hard hats, etc.,) for staff responsible for waste collection and treatment.
56 7.3.4 Environmental Impacts Analysis for the Training Center Capacity-building, policy development and project management entity construction project for the training center construction project, the main environmental impact analysis and the main mitigation measures is for table 7-4. Table7-4 List of training center environmental impact of construction and environmental protection measures Environment Phrase Classification Control measures impact Strengthening construction management, Venue clearing and sprinkler at time; strictly construction according to practices of the transport, loading dust, Waste gas and unloading to prevent dust; open-air material storage of raw materials should be covered; yard dust, main and supporting after completion vehicle dust immediately green and appropriate hardening. Worker living sewage pretreated by septic Construction discharged into the municipal sewer network; Waste water of domestic after precipitation, the construction of waste sewage water used toroad dust. Select low-noise construction machinery and Construction Construction advanced technology, reasonable construction period Noise machinery time, side the protect target set sound barrier, noise vehicle access to the construction site should be slow and Ming. Building Construction waste should be recycled and rubbish, reuse as far as possible. Sanitary waste will be Soild waste construction collected by environmental sanitation solid waste department. Excavation, Against damage to vegetation; construction material digging soil should excavate tiered and layered Ecology yard backfill; temporary dump set walls, reducing occupies of soil erosion; building should together with land green. Winter Urban centralized heat - supply system Operating Waste gas heating fuel period emissions Training Using a clean - fuel piping natural gas Centre canteen fuel emissions Training Cooking oil fume use range hood purification staff canteen cooking fume
57 Underground parking car exhaust emission Parking car should away from the residential building, the exhaust height discharge should above the ground not less than 2. 5m. Domestic Project waste water is mainly domestic sewage of sewage, after pretreated by septic directly Waste water training and discharged into the municipal sewer network. service person Noise equipments use vibration, sealed Heat enclosures, acoustic and sound insulation exchange measures; pumping stations, water in heat stations, exchange station built underground; pump constructing noise isolation belt prohibiting Noise stations, car whistle. wind Take measures such as noise barriers, acoustic machines windows, seismic material, double glazing, noise planting green belt; mitigating the impact of equipment road to training center. After the completion of the training center, Domestic Soild waste solid waste collected by the city sanitation garbage Department to remove. Take measures for green compensation, around the project area building green belts, Ecology -- green space and gardens, stre et trees within the project area.
7.4 Social Impacts Analysis 7.4.1 Ecological and Landscaping Effectiveness Various kinds of plants are planted in the wetland, such as bamboo reed, bulrush, cattail, lotus and hornwort, etc, willows, pseudo-cacias and other arbors were planted along the weirs and roads, then the stability of wetland system will be achieved which is mainly to reduce pollutants(e.g N,P) from the Guangli River. The ecological environment along the river banks and the outflow water quality discharged to Bohai Sea will be improved with the completion of the Dongba Road Wetland. The wetland system may become the habitat and food source for the waterfowls which plays an important role in biodiversity, ecological system stability and local climate regulation.
7.4.2 Social and Economic Benefits After the completion of the wetland construction and rural pollution management, the river water quality will be improved and create a wetland landscaping which will improve the living environment quality of the residents. The proposed project plays an important
58 role in water supply, flow volume regulation, flood control, embankment protection and toxic pollutant reduction, and the project contributes to the water quality of Bohai Sea. Besides, the wetland has the function for natural sightseeing, tourism and entertainment which can create a direct economic benefits. Meanwhile, the wetland has education, scientific research and cultural values and can increase the environmental protection awareness of the local residents and tourists. 7.4.3 Social environment impact analysis 7.4.3.1 Wetland 1 Positive impact First, Guangli River and the Yellow River Road system is a core component of the strategic planning of low-carbon eco-city of Dongying city. Projects to accelerate the efficient construction of ecological economic zone in the Yellow River Delta in Dongying city, has laid a good foundation. In 2010, urbanization rate of 58.5 in Dongying city, in a phase of rapid urbanization, high speed difficult to avoid the destruction of ecological environment in the development process. Project construction has a far-reaching significance to enhance the quality of urban development, urban development patterns, promoting sustainable development of cities, Second, the construction project on the wetland system in Dongying city as a whole, have improved water quality, landscape and improve river flood control storage capacity effects. Project involves the Guangli River and the Yellow River Road. The watland connected Guangli River and the Yellow River Road water system, will promote the Dongying people’s welfare. Again, after the renovation of wetland landscape, itself is a public product. As a trunk River along the Guangli River of Dongying city, is a leisure place for local residents. Finally, Dongying city close to the Bohai Sea, evaporation is greater than precipitation, scarcity of freshwater resources. Guanglihe runs through the urban area of Dongying, river water quality pollution eventually harmful Dongying people’s drinking water health. By wetland construction regulation of ecological environment, can purify water, change this situation. 2 negative effects Wetland construction project involves several enterprise’s relocation during construction. Wetland construction project will occupy newly dug fish ponds and have an adverse impact on fisheries production. In 2010, many fish ponds started construction,
59 some of them are forming. Project construction will make it difficult for fish pond owner’s investment pays off.
7.4.3.2 Agriculture and rural pollution control projects 1 Positive impact In the harmonious development between human and environment concept under the guidance of the Government, has introduced a series of initiatives to improve the ecological environment in Dongying city. Rural sewage treatment is a low-carbon eco-city construction of Dongying one of the many initiatives. In 2009, municipal wastewater sewage treatment plant in Dongying city focused on rate of 75.8, away from the urban rural sewage treatment rates of almost 0. Rural sewage treatment project can improve rural sewage treatment capacity in Dongying city, helped to further enhance the city’s sewage treatment capacity. Guangli river in its upper and middle reaches has dual functions of both environmental and irrigation. Before the project construction, the live production sewage of DongJi town and shengtuo town discharge into guangli River untreated. Villagers use River water diversion irrigated farmland, forming secondary pollution of the soil. Construction of sewage treatment facilities can improve the capacity of rural sewage treatment, reduce sewage pollution of the water, thereby reducing the costs of pollution prevention, guarantee water health. Now in Dongying Rural area sewage treatment is mainly through septic tanks. When the septic tank is full, dung is excavated, piling up along the street for a while, used as a farmyard manure. Livestock Farmers have a large amount of livestock manure, which are stockpiles without shetler. During wet season, faecal sewage infiltrates to groundwater, leading to disease. Especially those personnel and institutions such as schools, factories using groundwater as water source more likely suffers high incidence of diseases caused by sewage. Once the concentrated outbreaks of these diseases, it will seriously affect people’s work and life, increase family additional medical costs. Environmental protection associations committed to the promotion of environmental awareness of farmers, to make existing environmental protection facilities in rural areas in Dongying city, such as trash, played its best features. Environmental protection manual will guide the peasants under different soil and crops, targeted drugs, fertilizers, increased agricultural output, enhance revenue. 2 negative effects
60 For construction and operation of sewage treatment facilitie in each counties, the biggest change to the local community means that the pipeline within families and communities pipes need to be laid and connected to sewage treatment facilties. Piping system of family and community incur cost. If it is fully borne by the masses, those families which is further away from the main sewer network hasve to bear more burdens, generating new social injustice. For maintaining the normal operation of a wastewater treatment facility, owners need to charge a small sewage treatment fee, to achieve the guaranteed low - profit level sewage treatment plant. In 2009, Dongying peasants’ annual per capita net income is $7326.91, and it is a low level in the eastern coastal cities in Shandong province. From families with lower incomes, increasing the sewage charge is not a small burden. Agricultural non-point source pollution control avtivities located in farmland. The construction period, may result in damage to agricultural crops, reduce crop yields, thus reducing the farming peasants’ income.
8 Public Participation and Information Disclosure To seek comments/suggestions from local communities, the Project Management Office consulted local communities (including villages, enterprises, and experts) about the draft EIA through questionnaire, workshops, public notice from April 20 May 30, 2011. Public consultation and information disclosure are summarized as below. 8-1 Summary of Public Consultation. Consultation Date People consulted Materials Provided April 20- May 30, Villagers, intuitions, experts, enterprises. Questionnaires 2011 April 25- April 26, Enterprises in or in the vicinity of project area workshop 2011 April 27-28, Experts from Dongying Water Resources Bureau, workshop 2011 Dongying EPB, and China Petrol University May 4-May Villagers in Pilot Villages under the Project workshop 10, 2011 May 10- May 30, Dongying city library EIA and EMP 2011 May 10- The web of DongYing city water conservancy EIA and EMP May 20, bureau. www.dywater.gov.cn
61 2011 May 10- EIA , EMP May 30, Pilot Villages ,announcement 2011
8.1 Public investigation Survey questionnaire were issued a total of 100 copies; recycle100 copies. Allocation ratio of questionnaire can be seen in table 8-2. Basic statistics of respondents can be seen in table 8-3. Table 8-2 The list of questionnaire allocation ratio NO. Name amount rate 1 pilot village 30 30% 2 Around pilot village 20 20% 3 Dongying district authority units 15 15% 4 Kenli county authority units 15 15% 5 experts relevant to environmental, 10 10% economic. 6 Around units 10 10% Total 100 100%
8-3 Basic statistics of respondents background amount rate % preponderance < age18 20 20 Age 18 age 35 36 36 age Age 35 age 60 40 40 >age 60 4 4 Primary school 14 14 Junior high school 28 28 education high school 30 30 Master 28 28 worker 15 15 farmer 52 52 Teacher and technical person 6 6 vocation leader 11 11 student 5 5 expert 10 10 other 1 1 none 9 9 <2000 yuan 8 8 earnings 2000yuan 5000yuan 12 12 >5000yuan 71 71 habitat pilot village 34 34
62 Around pilot village 22 22 others 44 44 NPC deputies and CPPCC members 8 8 Members of the group 22 22 status Members of the
committee 10 10 Ordinary residents 60 60
8.1.2 result of investigation The investigation result can be seen in table 8-4 Table 8-4 Summary of investigation results Questions amount rate % preponderance Good 0 0 1. What do you think of Ordinary 1 1 the guangli river water Slight pollution 12 12 quality status Serious pollution 87 87 Serious pollution 0 0 2. What do you think of ordinary pollution 1 1 the underground water Slight pollution 15 15 quality status Good 84 84 Good 22 22 3. What do you think of Ordinary 58 58 the ambient air quality Slight pollution 19 19 status Serious pollution 1 1 sewage discharged 50 50 Agricultural 4. Which one is causing fertilizer and 18 18 the guangli river pollution pesticide pollution causes heavy? Rural livestock 22 22 manure pollution Rural garbage 10 10 5. Do you think the yes 87 87 wetland construction can no 6 6 help to harnessing of the River? I don’t know 7 7
6. Do you think rural non - yes 79 79 point source pollution no 10 10 control projects are conducive to improve river I don’t know 11 11 water quality? 7. Do you think yes 82 82 association of no 0 0
63 environmental protection and improvement of regional project I don’t know 18 18 management ability can be conducive to improve river water quality? 8. Would you think the yes 95 95 project can promote the no 1 1 development of local economy I don’t know 4 4 yes 100 100 9. The negative effects of no 0 0 projects on the environment is acceptable? I don’t know 0 0
10. Do you agree the yes 100 100 project of construction? no 0 0 All of the public are in favour of this project. 8.2 Summary of seminar and visit Advisory 8.2.1 Summary of comments from enterprises Through visit the enterprises occupied by wetland and neighbouring enterprises, leaders and workers are supportive of the project construction, think the project can improve the quality of regional environment, promote local economic development. Also bring some recommendations to the project: 1 Give reasonable compensation and help to relocation enterprises. 2 Implement strict management during construction, to prevent a larger impact on normal production and lives of enterprises. 3 Strengthen environmental management work after the operation of the project, to prevent foul odors to impact on ambient air. 8.2.2 Summary of expert advice Through visit esperts of Dongying city, esperts are supportive of the project, meanwhile bring some recommendations to the project: The project office need to coordinate environmental protection work timely, respect for the fact right, protect the local environment. Attention to environmental protection, during project construction and operation do not affect the surrounding residents live, work and learning Do well compensation measures for Pilot villages to prevent people dispute. 4 Do well protection measures of wetland treatment efficiency in Winter. 8.2.3 Summary of comments from pilot villages
64 Through visiting the pilot villages, all the villagers are supportive of the project construction, think that the project would not only improve the living conditions of villagers, but also reduce the cost of manure, improve the ecological environment of the Guangli River. Also bring some recommendations to the project: (1) To compensation those farmers whose land are to be involoved in the Agricultural Pollution Control Component. The compnesation measures should be made in advance to prevent the public disputes. (2) Implement strict management during construction period, to prevent a larger impact on living conditions of villagers. (2) Strengthen environmental management work during the operation of the project, to prevent foul odors to impact on living conditions. 8.3 Information Discloure The EIA and EMP were locally discosed at library, web and in villages. 1. Information disclosure in library: May 2011, at DongYing library. 2. Information disclosure in website: august 2011, at DongYing city water conservancy bureau. www.dywater.gov.cn 3. Information disclosure in villeges: May 2011, in pilot villages.
8.4 Conclusion To sum up, through a survey of public participation, people have a certain awareness for this project.all of the public surveyed are supported for the project,and think the project play a positive role on the local economy. At the same time, people require that the project need to take necessary measures to protect environment.
EMP and EIA information disclosure NO.1: information disclosure in library
65 NO.2: information disclosure in web
66 NO.3: information disclosure in villages
67 68 69 9 Conclusion and proposals 9.1 Conclusion 1 Project Summary The total investment for the proposed project is 0.2570678 billion RMB. The projects include: the wetland and sluice gate operation optimization; Implement the agricultural and rural pollutant reduction in the pilot villages along the Guangli River to reduce the pollution to the the Guangli River; Strengthen the capacity building, policy development and project management to increase the capacity of project management and PIU and achieve the sustainable development. After the completion of the proposed projects, the pollutant from the sources will be reduced effectively and the pollution to the surface water of Guangli River will be improved, the water sources will be protected, developed and utilized effectively and the pollution to the Bohai Sea will be reduced with a total CODCr of 430 t/a and total NH3-N of 129 t/a. 2 environment quality The environmental air quality can meet class of the "Environment Air Quality Standard "(GB3095-1996); water quality of Guangli River can not meet Class of the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard"(GB3838-2002); Acoustic environment quality is good and can meet class of Environmental quality standard (GB3096-2008). 3 Environmental impact analysis Ambient air impact During construction period, it needs to take water to decrease dust. During operation period the project has no air pollution sources, so less impact on ambient air. Surface water environmental impact During construction period, sewage is collected and re-used, the concrete curing wastewater precipitated by sedimentation tank is reused. During operation period, the sanitation department is in charge of collection the sewage on a regular time. Therefore, the project impacts less on Surface water environment. noise In construction process it should pay attention to reduce the man-made noise, take appropriate measures, add sound insulation, rationalize the using-time of noise equipments,
70 avoid construction at night, to reduce impact t on environment. Because there is no village within the range of 200m around the construction site, the noise less impacts on surrounding villages. Solid waste Garbage is collected by the municipal sanitation department and transported to the local waste disposal sites, other solid waste should be recycled or effectively treated. So it has little effect on the environment. Impacts on ecological environment The impact of construction on the animals and vegetation is temporary without adverse impacts on any endangered species. Afte the completion of the project, water quality improvement will contribute to a better eco-system. The impacts on soil is temporary, and the ecological balance will soon be restored. With the function of various wetland plants to gradually play, the ecological environment is recoveried. Expansion of the vegetation area impacts the local micro-climate and improves local ecological environment. To sum up, the project can purify Guangli River, reduce rural sewage pollution to guangli river, improve regional eco-environment, reduce the influence to the Bohai Sea impact. The project conforms to national industrial policy, the measures taken is reasonable and practicable, and does not have adverse effect on the environment of the region. 9.2 Measures and proposals (1) Measures Strengthening management of the various materials in transportation and storage, especial cement. Into the construction site of cement to focus stacking, and covered canopy cloth, avoid windy make cement dust flying all over. Various materials in the construction site need to focus stacking, and cover canopy cloth, avoid making dust in windy day. It needs to take water to decrease dust. The sanitation department is in charge of collection the sewage regularly. Construction should be srictly in accordance with design, reduce the amount of foundation excavation and the construction of the spoil. Stack the excavation better for site preparation.
71 all vehicles shall be in accordance with the regulations on the road, avoid free to drive everywhere, destroy the vegetation in the region, easily lead to local wind erosion phenomenon. In strict accordance with the EIA specified control measures. When the project is completed, it must accept the department in charge of environmental protection. 2 Recommendations Increase enforcement of environmental protection in the guangli River basin, strictly control illegal construction projects. Strictly implement of the environmental impact assessment and " three simultaneities " system. Increase agricultural non-point source pollution control, addressing use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, of plastic sheeting in the agricultural production,while vigorously addressing rural sewage. Measures should be taken in the agricultural sector, guiding local farmers adjust planting industry, etc. The wetland is a systematic project, and it must be combined with management measures. It must have long-term effective management, to project benefit into full play, so as to achieve the objective of this project. Relevant government departments need to do further detail of the investigation and analysis, so as to lay a solid foundation for the next project. It Should be excavated stratified according to the implementation of practice. Top soil should be stacked separately with the underlying soil; backfilling should also be layered as much as possible to maintain the original ecological environment. Accumulation should also leave enough appropriate level; prevent precipitation and runoff to led to soil erosion and surface subsidence. The remaining soil should be tiled in the field, forbid not being thrown away. 7he sewage shound be transported timely by the sanitation department, prohibit any emission, to avoid impact on surface water environment around. Strengthening supervision, ensure construction of the relevant requirements have been implemented, avoid causing the local ecological damage and soil erosion without strict management.
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