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Gliding Dragons and Flying Squirrels: Diversifying Versus Stabilizing Selection on Morphology Following the Evolution of an Innovation
vol. 195, no. 2 the american naturalist february 2020 E-Article Gliding Dragons and Flying Squirrels: Diversifying versus Stabilizing Selection on Morphology following the Evolution of an Innovation Terry J. Ord,1,* Joan Garcia-Porta,1,† Marina Querejeta,2,‡ and David C. Collar3 1. Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and the School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia; 2. Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC–Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37–49, Barcelona 08003, Spain; 3. Department of Organismal and Environmental Biology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606 Submitted August 1, 2018; Accepted July 16, 2019; Electronically published December 17, 2019 Online enhancements: supplemental material. Dryad data: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.t7g227h. fi abstract: Evolutionary innovations and ecological competition are eral de nitions of what represents an innovation have been factors often cited as drivers of adaptive diversification. Yet many offered (reviewed by Rabosky 2017), this classical descrip- innovations result in stabilizing rather than diversifying selection on tion arguably remains the most useful (Galis 2001; Stroud morphology, and morphological disparity among coexisting species and Losos 2016; Rabosky 2017). Hypothesized innovations can reflect competitive exclusion (species sorting) rather than sympat- have drawn considerable attention among ecologists and ric adaptive divergence (character displacement). We studied the in- evolutionary biologists because they can expand the range novation of gliding in dragons (Agamidae) and squirrels (Sciuridae) of ecological niches occupied within communities. In do- and its effect on subsequent body size diversification. We found that gliding either had no impact (squirrels) or resulted in strong stabilizing ing so, innovations are thought to be important engines of selection on body size (dragons). -
On Ulva Island
Abundance and dispersal of translocated common skink (Oligosoma polychroma) on Ulva Island Helen Sharpe A report submitted in partial fulfilment of the Post-graduate Diploma in Wildlife Management University of Otago 2011 University of Otago Department of Zoology P.O. Box 56, Dunedin New Zealand WLM Report Number: 250 Abundance and dispersal of translocated common skink (Oligosoma polychroma) on Ulva Island A report prepared for the Department of Conservation in association with Otago University’s Diploma of Wildlife Management. Helen Sharpe July 2011 2 Abundance and dispersal of translocated common skink (Oligosoma polychroma) on Ulva Island Contents Summary 2 Introduction 3 Methods 4 Results 8 Discussion 9 Recommendations 13 Acknowledgements 15 References 16 Figures and tables 18 3 Abundance and dispersal of translocated common skink (Oligosoma polychroma) on Ulva Island Summary This report describes a monitoring study carried out in 2011 to investigate the abundance and distribution of common skink (Oligosoma polychroma) on Ulva Island, Southland, New Zealand. Common skinks were introduced to Ulva in 2005 and 2006 for ecosystem restoration, and to investigate effects of weka (Gallirallus australis scotti) predation. Skinks were monitored over 3 non-consecutive days using artificial cover objects. Where possible skinks were caught, weighed, measured and photographed. A total of 18 sightings were made which indicates a substantial drop in both populations but especially at West End Beach. A combination of insufficient habitat and predation/competition by weka are the probable causes. However some uncertainties with monitoring are acknowledged, with regard to sub-optimal weather conditions and ‘settling’ time for new ACOS. Skinks appear not to have dispersed more than 20-30 metres from their release site. -
Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006
Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992 Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006 Current as at 1 September 2017 Queensland Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006 Contents Page Part 1 Preliminary 1 Short title . 5 2 Commencement . 5 3 Purpose . 5 4 Definitions . 6 5 Scientific names . 6 Part 2 Classes of native wildlife and declared management intent for the wildlife Division 1 Extinct in the wild wildlife 6 Native wildlife that is extinct in the wild wildlife . 7 7 Declared management intent for extinct in the wild wildlife . 8 8 Significance of extinct in the wild wildlife to nature and its value 8 9 Proposed management intent for extinct in the wild wildlife . 8 10 Principles for the taking, keeping or use of extinct in the wild wildlife 9 Division 2 Endangered wildlife 11 Native wildlife that is endangered wildlife . 10 12 Declared management intent for endangered wildlife . 10 13 Significance of endangered wildlife to nature and its value . 10 14 Proposed management intent for endangered wildlife . 11 15 Principles for the taking, keeping or use of endangered wildlife . 12 Division 3 Vulnerable wildlife 16 Native wildlife that is vulnerable wildlife . 13 17 Declared management intent for vulnerable wildlife . 13 18 Significance of vulnerable wildlife to nature and its value . 13 19 Proposed management intent for vulnerable wildlife . 14 20 Principles for the taking, keeping or use of vulnerable wildlife . 15 Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006 Contents Division 4 Near threatened wildlife 26 Native wildlife that is near threatened wildlife . 16 27 Declared management intent for near threatened wildlife . 16 28 Significance of near threatened wildlife to nature and its value . -
Level 1 Fauna Survey of the Gruyere Gold Project Borefields (Harewood 2016)
GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LIMITED GRUYERE PROJECT EPA REFERRAL SUPPORTING DOCUMENT APPENDIX 5: LEVEL 1 FAUNA SURVEY OF THE GRUYERE GOLD PROJECT BOREFIELDS (HAREWOOD 2016) Gruyere EPA Ref Support Doc Final Rev 1.docx Fauna Assessment (Level 1) Gruyere Borefield Project Gold Road Resources Limited January 2016 Version 3 On behalf of: Gold Road Resources Limited C/- Botanica Consulting PO Box 2027 BOULDER WA 6432 T: 08 9093 0024 F: 08 9093 1381 Prepared by: Greg Harewood Zoologist PO Box 755 BUNBURY WA 6231 M: 0402 141 197 T/F: (08) 9725 0982 E: [email protected] GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................1 2. SCOPE OF WORKS ...............................................................................................1 3. RELEVANT LEGISTALATION ................................................................................2 4. METHODS...............................................................................................................3 4.1 POTENTIAL VETEBRATE FAUNA INVENTORY - DESKTOP SURVEY ............. 3 4.1.1 Database Searches.......................................................................................3 4.1.2 Previous Fauna Surveys in the Area ............................................................3 4.1.3 Existing Publications .....................................................................................5 4.1.4 Fauna -
Management of the Terrestrial Small Mammal and Lizard Communities in the Dune System Of
Management of the terrestrial small mammal and lizard communities in the dune system of Sturt National Park, Australia: Historic and contemporary effects of pastoralism and fox predation Ulrike Sabine Klöcker (Dipl. – Biol., Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Germany) Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2009 Abstract This thesis addressed three issues related to the management and conservation of small terrestrial vertebrates in the arid zone. The study site was an amalgamation of pastoral properties forming the now protected area of Sturt National Park in far-western New South Wales, Australia. Thus firstly, it assessed recovery from disturbance accrued through more than a century of Sheep grazing. Vegetation parameters, Fox, Cat and Rabbit abundance, and the small vertebrate communities were compared, with distance to watering points used as a surrogate for grazing intensity. Secondly, the impacts of small-scale but intensive combined Fox and Rabbit control on small vertebrates were investigated. Thirdly, the ecology of the rare Dusky Hopping Mouse (Notomys fuscus) was used as an exemplar to illustrate and discuss some of the complexities related to the conservation of small terrestrial vertebrates, with a particular focus on desert rodents. Thirty-five years after the removal of livestock and the closure of watering points, areas that were historically heavily disturbed are now nearly indistinguishable from nearby relatively undisturbed areas, despite uncontrolled native herbivore (kangaroo) abundance. Rainfall patterns, rather than grazing history, were responsible for the observed variation between individual sites and may overlay potential residual grazing effects. -
Draft Animal Keepers Species List
Revised NSW Native Animal Keepers’ Species List Draft © 2017 State of NSW and Office of Environment and Heritage With the exception of photographs, the State of NSW and Office of Environment and Heritage are pleased to allow this material to be reproduced in whole or in part for educational and non-commercial use, provided the meaning is unchanged and its source, publisher and authorship are acknowledged. Specific permission is required for the reproduction of photographs. The Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) has compiled this report in good faith, exercising all due care and attention. No representation is made about the accuracy, completeness or suitability of the information in this publication for any particular purpose. OEH shall not be liable for any damage which may occur to any person or organisation taking action or not on the basis of this publication. Readers should seek appropriate advice when applying the information to their specific needs. All content in this publication is owned by OEH and is protected by Crown Copyright, unless credited otherwise. It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), subject to the exemptions contained in the licence. The legal code for the licence is available at Creative Commons. OEH asserts the right to be attributed as author of the original material in the following manner: © State of New South Wales and Office of Environment and Heritage 2017. Published by: Office of Environment and Heritage 59 Goulburn Street, Sydney NSW 2000 PO Box A290, -
Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History Database
Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History database Abdala, C. S., A. S. Quinteros, and R. E. Espinoza. 2008. Two new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the puna of northwestern Argentina. Herpetologica 64:458-471. Abdala, C. S., D. Baldo, R. A. Juárez, and R. E. Espinoza. 2016. The first parthenogenetic pleurodont Iguanian: a new all-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. Copeia 104:487-497. Abdala, C. S., J. C. Acosta, M. R. Cabrera, H. J. Villaviciencio, and J. Marinero. 2009. A new Andean Liolaemus of the L. montanus series (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. South American Journal of Herpetology 4:91-102. Abdala, C. S., J. L. Acosta, J. C. Acosta, B. B. Alvarez, F. Arias, L. J. Avila, . S. M. Zalba. 2012. Categorización del estado de conservación de las lagartijas y anfisbenas de la República Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 26 (Suppl. 1):215-248. Abell, A. J. 1999. Male-female spacing patterns in the lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 20:185-194. Abts, M. L. 1987. Environment and variation in life history traits of the Chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus. Ecological Monographs 57:215-232. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2003. Anfibios y reptiles del Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Facultad de Ciencias. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2007. Anfibio y reptiles del Uruguay, 3rd edn. Montevideo, Uruguay: Serie Fauna 1. Ackermann, T. 2006. Schreibers Glatkopfleguan Leiocephalus schreibersii. Munich, Germany: Natur und Tier. Ackley, J. W., P. J. Muelleman, R. E. Carter, R. W. Henderson, and R. Powell. 2009. A rapid assessment of herpetofaunal diversity in variously altered habitats on Dominica. -
Redalyc.Comparative Studies of Supraocular Lepidosis in Squamata
Multequina ISSN: 0327-9375 [email protected] Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas Argentina Cei, José M. Comparative studies of supraocular lepidosis in squamata (reptilia) and its relationships with an evolutionary taxonomy Multequina, núm. 16, 2007, pp. 1-52 Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas Mendoza, Argentina Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42801601 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto ISSN 0327-9375 COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF SUPRAOCULAR LEPIDOSIS IN SQUAMATA (REPTILIA) AND ITS RELATIONSHIPS WITH AN EVOLUTIONARY TAXONOMY ESTUDIOS COMPARATIVOS DE LA LEPIDOSIS SUPRA-OCULAR EN SQUAMATA (REPTILIA) Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA TAXONOMÍA EVOLUCIONARIA JOSÉ M. CEI † las subfamilias Leiosaurinae y RESUMEN Enyaliinae. Siempre en Iguania Observaciones morfológicas Pleurodonta se evidencian ejemplos previas sobre un gran número de como los inconfundibles patrones de especies permiten establecer una escamas supraoculares de correspondencia entre la Opluridae, Leucocephalidae, peculiaridad de los patrones Polychrotidae, Tropiduridae. A nivel sistemáticos de las escamas específico la interdependencia en supraoculares de Squamata y la Iguanidae de los géneros Iguana, posición evolutiva de cada taxón Cercosaura, Brachylophus, -
Survey of the Lizard Fauna of Janet Stewart and Styx Mill Conservation Reserves, Christchurch
Prepared for Styx Living Laboratory Trust 2010. Survey of the Lizard Fauna of Janet Stewart and Styx Mill Conservation Reserves, Christchurch Christine McClure – Lincoln University Contents Pg 1. Abstract 3 2. Introduction 3 3. Methods 5 3.1 Study Areas 5 3.1.1 Styx Mill Conservation Reserve 5 3.1.2 Janet Stewart Reserve: Pá Harakeke 6 3.2 Predation 7 3.3 Sites and Sampling 9 3.4 Site descriptions 10 3.6 Pitfall Traps (PF) 12 3.7 Artificial Cover Object (ACO) 14 3.8 Physical variables measured 15 4. Results 16 4.1 Species Identified 16 4.2 Site Results 17 5. Discussion 21 5.1 Effects of vegetation change on lizard habitat use 21 5.2 Herbicides 23 5.3 Predators 23 5.3.1 Predation population eruptions 24 5.4 Vandalism 26 5.5 Recommendations 26 5.6 Conclusion 27 5.7 Further Study 27 6. Acknowledgements 28 7. Benefits f the Summer Scholarship 28 Appendix 29 References Cited 31 2 | Page Survey of the Lizard Fauna of Janet Stewart and Styx Mill Conservation Reserves, Christchurch. 1. Abstract A survey was conducted in two Christchurch urban reserves, Janet Stewart and Styx Mill Conservation Reserves to establish which reptile species were present, including species preferred habitat type and health and age structure of populations found. Methods used to assess reptile fauna in the chosen areas were low‐intensity monitoring techniques such as pitfall trapping (PF) and artificial cover objects (ACO), placed at 14 sites throughout the reserves. Results show that there are two species of skink; Oligosoma nigriplantare polychroma (Common skink / mokomoko) and Oligosoma maccanni (McCann’s skink / mokomoko) inhabiting dry grassland habitats at Styx Mill Conservation Reserve. -
Hot, Dry and Different: Australian Lizard Richness Is Unlike That of Mammals
Global Ecology and Biogeography, (Global Ecol. Biogeogr.) (2010) 19, 386–396 RESEARCH Hot, dry and different: Australian lizard PAPER richness is unlike that of mammals, amphibians and birdsgeb_521 386..396 G. D. Powney1,4*, R. Grenyer2,C.D.L.Orme1,I.P.F.Owens1,2 and S. Meiri2,3 1Division of Biology, Imperial College London, ABSTRACT Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 Aims (1) To map the species richness of Australian lizards and describe patterns of 7PY, UK, 2NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood range size and species turnover that underlie them. (2) To assess the congruence in Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK, the species richness of lizards and other vertebrate groups. (3) To search for com- 3Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, monalities in the drivers of species richness in Australian vertebrates. 4 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel, NERC Centre for Location Australia. Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Oxfordshire Methods We digitized lizard distribution data to generate gridded maps of OX19 8BB, UK species richness and b-diversity. Using similar maps for amphibians, mammals and birds, we explored the relationship between species richness and temperature, actual evapotranspiration, elevation and local elevation range. We used spatial eigenvector filtering and geographically weighted regression to explore geographi- cal patterns and take spatial autocorrelation into account. We explored congruence between the species richness of vertebrate groups whilst controlling for environ- mental effects. Results Lizard richness peaks in the central deserts (where b-diversity is low) and tropical north-east (where b-diversity is high). The intervening lowlands have low species richness and b-diversity. -
Australian Capital Territory & Yass Valley Reptiles
Australian Capital Territory & Yass Valley Reptiles Geoff Robertson 4 June 2017 Turtle (1-2 species) Lizard Gecko (2) Legless lizard (4-5) Dragon (6) Gonna (2) Skink (32-35) Egernia group - chunky (9) Eugongylus group - striped (9-10) Sphenomorphus group - red (14) Snakes Blind (1) Total species = 57-66 Python (1?) Elapid (9-12) Murray (short-neck) turtle (above left) Emydura macquarii Eastern long-neck turtle (above right) Chelodina longicollis Lizards Monitors (goannas) Dragons Skinks Geckos Measuring length lizards & snakes: Legless TL - total length. lizards SVL - tip of the nose (snout) to vent. Dragons Physignathus lesueurii, Australia: 11 genera, 70 species. SVL 245 mm ACT/Yass: 5 genera, 6 species Common: Pogona barbata, Water dragon (top), Aust: 1 SVL 250 mm species. Eastern bearded dragon (bottom), Aust: 6 species. Jacky lizard or tree dragon. Three similar dragons Jacky (top), Nobbi (middle) and Mountain (bottom). SVL is Jacky - 120mm Nobbi - 84mm Mountain - 82mm However, all dragons (including water & bearded ) look similar when young. Photos top to bottom - Amphibolurus mutinous and A. nobbi, & Rankina diemensis. by Warren Saunders, John Wombey and Roger Farrow. Grassland earless dragon Eight earless dragon species in Australia. GED found in some natural grassland sites, climbs tussock grasses otherwise a ground dweller. Unlike other dragons, Tail slight/curls. Populations - ACT & southern Monaro. GED thought extinct, re-discovered, crashed in drought, captive breeding, future? Tympanocryptis pinguicolla. SVL 55mm. Bottom photo: Margaret Ning. Jacky dragon Bearded dragon Water dragon Nobbi dragon Mountain dragon Grassland earless dragon Gecko Australia: 18 genera & 111 species ACT/Yass: 2 species Stone gecko (right) Marble gecko (below) Diplodactylus vittatus, SVL 50mm Photo John Wombey Christinus marmaratus, SVL 70mm Photo Margaret Ning Legless lizards Related to geckos Australia: 7 genera & 38 species ACT/Yass: 2 genera & 5 species Unlike snakes: Lialis burtonis, SVL170mm Photo John Wombey • Large fleshy tongue (cf forked). -
The Ecology of Lizard Reproductive Output
Global Ecology and Biogeography, (Global Ecol. Biogeogr.) (2011) ••, ••–•• RESEARCH The ecology of lizard reproductive PAPER outputgeb_700 1..11 Shai Meiri1*, James H. Brown2 and Richard M. Sibly3 1Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, ABSTRACT 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Department of Biology, Aim We provide a new quantitative analysis of lizard reproductive ecology. Com- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA and Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde parative studies of lizard reproduction to date have usually considered life-history Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA, 3School components separately. Instead, we examine the rate of production (productivity of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, hereafter) calculated as the total mass of offspring produced in a year. We test ReadingRG6 6AS, UK whether productivity is influenced by proxies of adult mortality rates such as insularity and fossorial habits, by measures of temperature such as environmental and body temperatures, mode of reproduction and activity times, and by environ- mental productivity and diet. We further examine whether low productivity is linked to high extinction risk. Location World-wide. Methods We assembled a database containing 551 lizard species, their phyloge- netic relationships and multiple life history and ecological variables from the lit- erature. We use phylogenetically informed statistical models to estimate the factors related to lizard productivity. Results Some, but not all, predictions of metabolic and life-history theories are supported. When analysed separately, clutch size, relative clutch mass and brood frequency are poorly correlated with body mass, but their product – productivity – is well correlated with mass. The allometry of productivity scales similarly to metabolic rate, suggesting that a constant fraction of assimilated energy is allocated to production irrespective of body size.