Table of Contents I. L'aquila Area and The
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FACTSHEETS TABLE OF CONTENTS I. L’AQUILA AREA AND THE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE EARTHQUAKE .... 2 Economy and Demographics ......................................................................................................... 2 Role of the University and the historical centre of L’Aquila ........................................................ 4 Damage to key city assets and services ......................................................................................... 5 II. LOCAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR THE DISTRICT OF L’AQUILA ..................... 7 Local analysis and incentives for development: research and environment .................................. 7 The local development strategy ..................................................................................................... 8 The Projects underway................................................................................................................... 9 Annex 1: SWOT Local Analysis ................................................................................................. 11 Annex 2 – Research and technology structures located in L’Aquila ........................................... 12 III. INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE RECONSTRUCTION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF L’AQUILA AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE (LAW 39/09) ....................... 12 Governance in general ................................................................................................................. 13 Governance according to a sector of action ................................................................................. 15 1. Socio-economic recovery ........................................................................................................ 15 2. Reconstruction and repair ........................................................................................................ 16 3. Emergency ............................................................................................................................... 17 4. Waste management and water sector ....................................................................................... 18 I. L’AQUILA AREA AND THE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE EARTHQUAKE At 3:32 a.m. of April 6th 2009, the Region of Abruzzo, in the center of Italy, was hit by a violent earthquake measuring 5.8 on the Richter Scale. The earthquake killed 300 people and injured 1,500. It affected roughly 300,000 people in the region and caused severe damage to the area’s public and private structures, and artistic and cultural heritage. Residents of the capital city of the region, L’Aquila, and of other 48 small towns in the province (“comuni del cratere”) were forced to leave their homes after the earthquake; 32,281 people have been relocated to 170 temporary camps, while 32.458 citizens have found temporary accommodation in hotels, rental homes, or with relatives. Economy and Demographics The earthquake struck an economy facing severe demographic and structural policy challenges. Historically, the province of L’Aquila economic level rose significantly in the late 1960s and 1970s, due in part to the development of the region’s infrastructure and industry, which included the establishment of SIV and Siemens plants in the Province of L’Aquila. As a result, its economic performance, even if under the national average, ranked above that of other central and southern regions. Nevertheless, in the last ten years the economic growth of L’Aquila province slowed down: its per capita GDP is now around 80% of the national average and in the economic ranking of Italian provinces it is now seven positions lower than eight years ago. Since 2001, the per capita GDP in the province of L’Aquila has been lower than the per capita GDP of the Abruzzo region. The employment rate of the province is equal to 57.7% (while 59% in the region). The province also has the highest unemployment rate (7.7%) in the region for both men (5.8%) and women (10.3%) and very high youth unemployment rates. With the exception of the city of L’Aquila, which is home to the University of L’Aquila, the earthquake struck rural communities affected by decreasing population and rising elderly dependency rates (Figure 1). Figure 1. Figure 1: Population growth and elderly dependency rate Source: CRESA – Centro Studi e ricerche economic sociali Abruzzo The economic structure of the province of L’Aquila is mainly based on construction, retail and other services. The agriculture sector has also provided value-added activities, including rural tourism, and the nearby Parco Nazionale del Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga have attracted visitors to the area (Figure 2). Figure 2. Figure 2 Local units and employment by sector, city of L’Aquila Figure 3. Source: CRESA calculations from ISTAT The city of L’Aquila, which concentrates 50% of the economic activities of the area affected by the earthquake, had benefited from a comparatively high standard of living; per capita income and property tax revenue in the city of L’Aquila had been higher than in the Region of Abruzzo as a whole (Figure 3). The city of L’Aquila benefits from additional assets that can be drawn upon to facilitate economic growth. The city and surrounding areas are home to entrepreneurial small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and a few multinational firms open to the international market. These could become engines of regional innovation and economic growth. The city also benefits from the presence of a hospital that attracted users from outside the province and region. Finally it is home to all the government offices typical of a regional capital. Figure 4. Figure 3: Per head income and property tax, L’Aquila, other towns and Abruzzo region Source: CRESA – Centro Studi e ricerche economic sociali Abruzzo Role of the University and the historical centre of L’Aquila The University of L’Aquila is a primary contributor to the regional and is the largest contributor to the city of L’Aquila’s economy. This contribution has taken the form of employment opportunities, rental income from students, and the consumption of local goods and services by students and university employees. The university has experienced significant growth since 2000, thanks also to a national reform which has introduced shorter curricula. The university enrolled 27,168 students for the 2008-09 academic year, with an increase by more than 25% in the past five years. The biggest faculties are engineering, medical school, teachers college and science and math (Figure 4). Figure 5. Figure 4: Students of the University of L’Aquila, year 2007-2008 % on total variation with Faculty Students students 2003-04 (%) Biotechnology 1,293 7.0 194.5 Humanities 2,580 13.9 -0.6 Medical school 4,794 25.8 53.1 Physical education 1,121 6.0 31.1 Math, physics and science 3,040 16.4 2.4 Engineering 6,430 34.6 23.1 Economics 1,880 10.1 12.7 Psychology 2,496 13.4 324.5 Teachers college 3,534 19.0 -11.7 Total 27,168 146.3 26.5 Source: University of L’Aquila. Figures include undergraduate and graduate courses Around 13,000 students came from outside the province and lived in the city of L’Aquila (mainly in rented apartments), and an additional 3,500 students commuted daily from around the province. Total expenditures by University students, including lodging and transportation, have been estimated around 220 million euro per year, equal to 16% of the value added of L’Aquila city (Figure 5). Figure 6. Figure 5: Estimated yearly expenses by University students Yearly average Number of expenses (million Students students euro) resident in L'Aquila 9,990 64 commuters from the province 3,000 - 4,000 17,5 - 23 coming from outside the province 13,000 - 14,000 135 - 150 Total 26,000 - 27,000 220 - 235 Source: CRESA calculations on University of L’Aquila data The historical centre of L’Aquila has been a key attraction for students, second-home owners, and visitors, as well as a source of pride for residents. Its cultural features, including the Basilica di Santa Maria di Collemaggio and the city’s Castle, attracted tourists, primarily from Rome and other nearby regions. Damage to key city assets and services The earthquake demonstrated the unsafe state of many public buildings. Immediately following the earthquake, authorities closed all school and university buildings as a precautionary measure until actual damage could be assessed. A month after the earthquake almost 30,000 surveys were conducted to evaluate damage to housing structures, schools, public buildings, manufacturing sites, hospitals and barracks. The city’s historical centre and artistic and historical patrimony suffered great damage in the earthquake, particularly to medieval monuments and churches. Expert teams have begun assessing damage to artistic and architectural works in and around L’Aquila and recovering what remains. The earthquake’s destruction of the historically or artistically significant buildings also set back the tourism sector, which had been expanding and had been considered a promising source of future growth. The historical centre hosted roughly half of all the city’s retail establishments and professional services, which generated on average about 200 and 90 million a year, respectively. When the output generated by student rents (around 90 million euro per year) is added to this figure the historical centre’s output made up roughly 30% of value-added output produced in the City of L’Aquila. Professionals, who had increasingly established businesses and made their home in the historical centre, suffered