Supplementary Material of the Earthquake Lights (EQL) of the April 6, 2009 Aquila Earthquake, in Central Italy
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Manuscript prepared for Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. with version 1.3 of the LATEX class copernicus.cls. Date: 22 April 2010 Supplementary material of the earthquake lights (EQL) of the April 6, 2009 Aquila earthquake, in Central Italy. Cristiano Fidani1 1Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita´ di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, Perugia ITALY What did they remind you of? Questionnaire and Testimonials 9) Did you see sparks or phosphorescence on metal rods on top of buildings or masts? The questionnaire was based on several observations re- 10) Were there electric shocks? If so, please describe: ported in the past. It was used in face-to-face interviews Were they near voltage pylons? without being shown to the witnesses. The questions were Were they near other electrical lines? asked in the same order used here. The questionnaire and a Near the railways? summary of collected testimonials on EQL are reported be- What color were they? low. Were surrounding objects lit up? Phenomena observed before, during and or after the Were there thunderstorms? earthquake. 11) Did they have characteristics of flames or fires? If so, Name: please describe: Date: Were there gas cylinders nearby? Place: Were there pipelines nearby? Did you smell gas? Were there flashes of light and/or brightness of any defi- Were surrounding objects lit up? nite or indefinite form? If yes: 12) Did they have characteristics of phosphorescence or 1) When and where were they spotted? of an aurora? If so, please describe: Were they in motion? At what time and in what direction? 2) How long did they last? Were the clouds lit up? Did they change in intensity, form or color? Could it have been public illumination? 3) What was their form? 13) Were there bright or reddish clouds? If so, please Were they familiar forms? describe: Could they have been such? At what time and in what direction? 4) What was their color? Was there emitted light? Which source does they remind you of? Could the clouds have been lit up from the sunset? Could they have been such? From the Moon? 5) Did they come from above or below? From public illumination? Could they have been a lighthouse? Did you observe disturbances in radio, television or tele- A meteor? phone transmissions? If yes: 6) Of what horizontal direction of origin were they? What kind? Could they have been car headlights? 14) How long? 7) If any, what kind of movement did they have? 15) What channels or stations? Could they have been a plane? 16) Which places? A satellite? 17) At what time? 8) Did they illuminate the surrounding landscape? Did you observe anomalies in the atmosphere? If yes, Correspondence to: C. Fidani (cris- please describe: tiano.fidani@fisica.unipg.it) 18) Fog? 2 C. Fidani: Supplementary material on Aquila EQLs 19) Smoke and/or vapors? 20) Elongated clouds and/or gas columns? 21) Intense storms and/or hail? 22) Increasing temperature and/or temperature changes? 23) Did clouds appear or disappear suddenly? 24) Where and when? Did you hear noises? If yes, please describe: 25) Thunder? 26) Booms? 27) Like falling rocks? 28) Winds? 29) Wheezes? 30) Did you hear noises from the earth which were not associated with visible or felt phenomena? 31) Where and when? Did you smell odors? If yes, please describe: 32) Sulfur or rotten egg? 33) Burning? 34) Gas? 35) Did you smell odors near springs, wells or ditches? 36) Where and when? Did you observe changes in springs or wells? If yes, please describe: 37) Quantity changes? 38) Temperature changes? 39) Transparency changes? 40) Taste changes? 41) Appearance of gas bubbles? 42) Emergence from new sources? Did you experience physical sensations? If yes, please de- scribe: 43) Nausea? 44) Dizziness? 45) Breathing difficulty? 46) Fatigue? 47) Itching on legs, arms, hands or face? 48) Rashes? 49) If so, what part of the day and for how long? 50) Exacerbation of disorders already present? 51) Behavior alterations? 52) Mood changes? 53) Sleep/wake altered? 54) Others? Did you observe strange behavior on the part of animals? If yes, please describe the places, times and conditions: 55) Sudden death of domestic or stray animals? 56) Yelping of dogs? 57) Neighing of horses? 58) Unexplainable appearance of ants? 59) Abundant appearance of worms? 60) Unexplainable appearance of snakes or frogs? 61) Unexplainable appearance of mice? 62) Unexplainable behavior of chickens? 63) Unexplainable behavior of fish? 67) Other strange animal behavior? Please describe: 64) Nervous behavior of farming livestock? Other, please describe: 65) Sighting of rare animals? Thank you so very much for your time and valuable co- 66) Disappearance of birds? operation. C. Fidani: Supplementary material on Aquila EQLs 3 Table 1. The collection of Aquila EQLs. Sightings and EQ are in Local Time. Gr: Ground based, Ho: Above the horizon, Hi: High in the sky, H: Horizontal stretched, V: Vertical stretched, G: Globular, S: Still, U: Undetermined, B: Before, D: During, A: After the shocks. Around means very near to that date or time, Sunset means 19:30 for that period and Evening means 20-22. MS: main shock. N. YYMMDD hhmm Location Pos. Shape Mouv. Type Mw YYMMDD hhmm Time 1 080621 1114 Celano Gorges Gr G S Globe - - - B 2 around 080701 0200 Paganica Ho G V Globe - - - B 3 August 08 evening Passo delle Capannelle Gr G H Globe - - - B 4 Dec. 08 around 1930 Picenze Ho V V Funnel - - - B 5 090126 0418 Preturo Ho G S Globe - - - B 6 090222 0152 Preturo Ho G S Globe - - - B 7 090301 around 2200 Collebrincioni Gr G S Globe - - - B 8 090301-15 around 0615 Mount Ocre Gr G V Globe - - - B 9 090318 1900-1920 Aquila Ho G H Globe - - - B 10 090315-20 evening Picenze - - - Vapor - - - B 11 090315-25 evening Roio Gr G S Globe - - - B 12 end of 0903 evening Roio Ho G S Globe 4.4 090330 1538 B 13 090329 2030 Aquila Ho G H Globe 4.4 090330 1538 B 14 090330 0200 Gran Sasso - - - Diffuse 4.4 090330 1538 B 15 090331 0100-0200 Roio Ho U S Flash 3.5 090330 2357 A 16 090401 2030 Preturo Ho G H Globe 2.9 090402 1311 B 17 090402 0330-0400 Roio Piano Hi U S Flash 2.9 090402 1311 B 18 090403 around 0330 Sulmona Ho U S Flash 3.3 090403 0644 B 19 090403 evening Lucoli Gr U S Flash 3.3 090403 0644 A 20 090403 2105 Pile Gr V V Flames 3.3 090403 0644 A 21 090403 around 2200 Roio Ho G H Globe 3.3 090403 0644 A 22 090404 around 0130 Santa Ruffina Hi U H Flash 3.3 090403 0644 A 23 090404 0230 Roio Ho G H Globe 3.3 090403 0644 A 24 090404 evening Aquila - - - Clouds 4.2 090405 2248 B 25 090404 evening Gran Sasso - - - Diffuse 4.2 090405 2248 B 26 090404 after 2000 Fossa - - - Diffuse 4.2 090405 2248 B 27 090404 around 2230 Mount San Franco Ho H H Flash 4.2 090405 2248 B 28 090404 2300 Pettino Ho U S Flash 4.2 090405 2248 B 29 090404 around 2330 Alba Fuciens Gr G S Globe 4.2 090405 2248 B 30 090405 1800 Roio - - - Clouds 4.2 090405 2248 B 31 090405 1800-1900 Aquila - - - Diffuse 4.2 090405 2248 B 32 090405 after sunset Cesi - - - Diffuse 4.2 090405 2248 B 33 090405 after sunset Pettino - - - Clouds 4.2 090405 2248 B 34 090405 after sunset Mount Sirente - - - Vapor 4.2 090405 2248 B 35 090405 1930 Aquila Ho V V Flash 4.2 090405 2248 B 36 090405 2000 Aquila Ho U V Flash 4.2 090405 2248 B 37 090405 around 2000 Pile Gr U S Flash 4.2 090405 2248 B 38 090405 around 2000 Aquila-S.Demetrio - - - Diffuse 4.2 090405 2248 B 39 090405 around 2000 Aquila - - - Diffuse 4.2 090405 2248 B 40 090405 after 2000 Vallepretara - - - Diffuse 4.2 090405 2248 B 41 090405 2000-2300 Civita di Bagno - - - Clouds 4.2 090405 2248 B 42 090405 2030 Cesi-Campo Felice - - - Clouds 4.2 090405 2248 B 43 090405 2030 San Francesco Gr U S Flash 4.2 090405 2248 B 44 090405 2040-2100 Aquila Ho U V Flash 4.2 090405 2248 B 45 090405 evening Aquila - - - Clouds 4.2 090405 2248 B 46 090405 evening Gran Sasso - - - Diffuse 4.2 090405 2248 B 4 C. Fidani: Supplementary material on Aquila EQLs N. YYMMDD hhmm Location Pos. Shape Mouv. Type Mw YYMMDD hhmm Time 47 090405 evening San Demetrio - - - Diffuse 4.2 090405 2248 B 48 090405 evening San Demetrio - - - Diffuse 4.2 090405 2248 B 49 090405 around 2200 Pettino Ho U S Flash 4.2 090405 2248 B 50 090405 after 2200 Foce di Sassa - - - Diffuse 4.2 090405 2248 B 51 090405 before 2248 Pettino - - - Diffuse 4.2 090405 2248 B 52 090405 after 2248 Aquila Gr U S Flash 4.2 090405 2248 A 53 090405 after 2248 Cansatessa-Arischia Ho U S Electrical 4.2 090405 2248 A 54 090405 2230-2300 Colle Santa Maria - - - Clouds 6.3 090406 0332 B 55 090405 around 2300 Aquila - - - Clouds 6.3 090406 0332 B 56 090405 around 2300 Pettino Hi U S Globe 4.2 090405 2248 A 57 090405 2315 Roio Piano - - - Diffuse 6.3 090406 0332 B 58 090405 2330 Campo Felice - - - Diffuse 6.3 090406 0332 B 59 090405 around 2330 Cansatessa - - - Clouds 6.3 090406 0332 B 60 090405 around 2330 Mout Ocre-Orsello - - - Vapors 6.3 090406 0332 B 61 090405 around 2330 Aquila - - - Diffuse 6.3 090406 0332 B 62 090406 0039 Colle Roio Gr V S Electrical 3.8 090406 0039 D 63 090406 0039 Assergi Gr V V Flames 3.8 090406 0039 D 64 090406 after 0039 Cansatessa Hi U S Flash 3.8 090406 0039 A 65 090406 after 0039 Roio Ho H S Electrical 3.8 090406 0039 A 66 090406 around 0130 Aquila Ho H S Flash 6.3 090406 0332 B 67 090406 around 0130 Bagno - - - Diffuse 6.3 090406 0332 B 68 090406 around 0130 Coppito U U U Flash 6.3 090406 0332 B 69 090406 around 0200 Aquila - - - Vapor 6.3 090406 0332 B 70 090406 around 0300 Gran Sasso - - - Clouds 6.3 090406 0332 B 71 090406 around 0300 Rocca Preturo Ho U S Flash 6.3 090406 0332 B 72 090406 0327 Aquila - - - Diffuse 6.3 090406 0332 B 73 090406 0330 Coppito - - - Diffuse 6.3 090406 0332 B 74 090406