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High Prevalence of Miconia Chamissois (Melastomataceae) Pollen in Brood Cell Provisions of the Orchid Bee Euglossa Townsendi In

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High Prevalence of Miconia Chamissois (Melastomataceae) Pollen in Brood Cell Provisions of the Orchid Bee Euglossa Townsendi In High prevalence of Miconia chamissois (Melastomataceae) pollen in brood cell provisions of the orchid bee Euglossa townsendi in São Paulo State, Brazil Cláudia Inês da Silva, Maurício Meirelles Do Nascimento Castro, Isabel Alves dos Santos, Carlos Alberto Garófalo To cite this version: Cláudia Inês da Silva, Maurício Meirelles Do Nascimento Castro, Isabel Alves dos Santos, Carlos Alberto Garófalo. High prevalence of Miconia chamissois (Melastomataceae) pollen in brood cell provisions of the orchid bee Euglossa townsendi in São Paulo State, Brazil. Apidologie, Springer Verlag, 2016, 47 (6), pp.855-866. 10.1007/s13592-016-0441-y. hal-01532445 HAL Id: hal-01532445 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01532445 Submitted on 2 Jun 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie (2016) 47:855–866 Original article * INRA, DIB and Springer-Verlag France, 2016 DOI: 10.1007/s13592-016-0441-y High prevalence of Miconia chamissois (Melastomataceae) pollen in brood cell provisions of the orchid bee Euglossa townsendi in São Paulo State, Brazil 1,2,3 1 Cláudia Inês da SILVA , Maurício Meirelles do NASCIMENTO CASTRO , 3 1 Isabel Alves dos SANTOS , Carlos Alberto GARÓFALO 1Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil 2Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Avenida Mister Hull 2977, Campus do Pici, Bloco 808, Fortaleza, CE 60021-970, Brazil 3Departamento Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil Received 11 September 2015 – Revised 22 February 2016 – Accepted 8 March 2016 Abstract – Females of bee species can present a temporal specialized behavior in the food collection for their offspring. We studied the food of Euglossa townsendi immatures from nests established in trap-nests disposed in a hygrophilous forest in Brazil, between March 2010 and February 2012. The pollinic material remaining in the brood cells were acetolysed and identified by comparison with the pollen of plants that bloomed in the area during the study period. We identified 21 plant species belonging to 14 families in the provision. However, the results indicated that immature of Eg. townsendi feed preferentially on pollen of Miconia chamissois (Melastomataceae) found in 100 % of the samples. Except for two nests, there was a similarity above 85 % in the composition of the supply plants of the brood. We also found a high similarity between the pollinic contents of the cells of each nest. Our results suggest a temporal preference on M. chamissois . bee diet / trophic niche / palinoecology / pollen / trap-nest / orchid bee 1. INTRODUCTION tree wounds, fruits (Ackerman 1983; Whitten et al. 1993), and feces (Eltz et al. 2007). Euglossini bees are best known by the behavior This behavior enables the attraction and cap- of males in collecting fragrances mainly from ture of males in large numbers with the use of orchids (Ackerman 1983; Dodson et al. 1969; synthetic aromatic compounds similar to those Dressler 1982; Roubik and Hanson 2004). How- present in orchids (Lopez 1963; Rebêlo and ever, the male bees also collect non-floral volatile Cabral 1997). With this procedure, knowledge compounds, which were produced in wood, fungi, about the taxonomy, distribution, population dy- namics, and structure of Euglossini communities has increased considerably in recent decades, but Electronic supplementary material The online version of is based only on males (Braga and Garófalo 2003; this article (doi:10.1007/s13592-016-0441-y) contains Castro et al. 2013; Peruquetti et al. 1999). On the supplementary material, which is available to authorized other hand, females are not attracted to chemical users. baits and combined with the difficulties of finding Corresponding author: C. Silva, [email protected]. nests in the field (Cameron 2004; Dressler 1982; Silva, [email protected] Garófalo et al. 1993) there is still little knowledge Manuscript editor: Klaus Hartfelder about the nesting habits and interactions of these 856 C.I. da Silva et al. bees with flowers both for the collection of food Cortopassi-Laurino et al. (2009)and resources and for building their nests. Villanueva-Gutierrez et al. (2013) for other Studies on the interactions of Euglossini spe- species of Euglossini. cies with flowers are restricted to direct observa- tions during floral visits (Lopes and Machado 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS 1998; Rebêlo and Silva 1999;Singerand Sazima 2001) and studies have included the anal- 2.1. Study area ysis of pollen grains sampled on the body of males and/or females (Ospina-Torres et al. 2015;Rocha- The study was carried out at Private Reserve Toca da Filho et al. 2012; Silva et al. 2012a) or from brood Paca (RTP), part of the Farm Boa Vista (21° 27′ 21.57″ cells (Arriaga and Hernández 1998; Cortopassi- S and 48° 05′ 17.53″ W). The area is located at an Laurino et al. 2009; Otero et al. 2014; Villanueva- average altitude of 510 m, in the municipality of Gutierrez et al. 2013). Guatapará, São Paulo State, Brazil (Figure 1). RTP is Euglossa townsendi Cockerell is a species predominantly made up of hygrophilous forests (Castro widely distributed in the Americas occurring from et al. 2013). This vegetation is characterized by a per- Mexico to northern Argentina (Moure et al. 2012; manently flooded soil (Toniato et al. 1998), and has the Rebêlo and Moure 1995) at altitudes ranging from important function of protecting water sources (Teixeira 180 to 1050 m above sea level (Ramírez et al. et al. 2008). The region’s climate type is Aw (Köppen 2002). Similar to other species of the genus, Eg. 1948), with two well-defined seasons, one cold/dry and townsendi nests in preexisting cavities (Garófalo the other warm/rainy with average annual temperature et al. 1993; Gazola and Garófalo 2009; Peruquetti ranging from 19.3 to 25.2 °C and rainfall of 1183.6 mm 1998) which has allowed obtaining nests of this (Castro et al. 2013)(Fig.1 of supplementary material). species for studies on the nesting behavior and social structure (Augusto and Garófalo 2004). The 2.2. Data collection study conducted by Augusto and Garófalo (2004) found that nests of Eg. townsendi are established As trap-nests (TN), we used bamboo canes by solitary females, which, after finishing their (Figure 2a) of various lengths and diameters ranging reproductive activities, remain in the nests. Foun- from 1.0 to 2.0 cm, with one end closed by the node dations of nests occurred at a higher frequency in itself. We used 64 TN placed on iron supports and the warm/rainy season (September to April). maintained at a height of 1.5 m above the ground. When males emerge, they leave the nests; in turn, Two sampling sites, 200 m away from each other, were some females remain in the nests and start to selected at the edge of the hygrophilous forest reactivate it. In this reactivation, associations of (Figure 2). Each site received 32 TN. Monthly, from two or more females may be formed. In this August 2010 to July 2012, we inspected the TN and process, new cells are built and provisioned before those found occupied and with all cells closed were eggs are laid. Alternatively, older cells can be taken to the laboratory where they were stored at room reused. A sequence of successful reactivation pro- temperature until the emergence of individuals. When cesses provides long periods of duration of nests. the nests were collected, we found one dead female Considering that Eg. townsendi uses trap- inside the nest N3 while in the remaining nests no nests and displays reproductive activities at female was present. different times of the year (Augusto and One emerged male of each nest was sent to special- Garófalo 2004), our objective was (i) to ver- ists for species identification and one male and one ify the diet breadth of the species, and (ii) female of each nest was deposited in the collection of evaluate the occurrence of specialization or Solitary Bees and Wasps, Sector of Ecology, generalization for certain pollen taxa in larval Departament of Biology of Faculdade de Filosofia, diets. In this study, we expected to find a Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto-USP. diverse diet, but with a strong dominance of After the emergence of individuals (Figure 2d and e), some botanical families or plant species, as wescrapedtheinnerwallofeachbroodcellwiththeaid reported by Arriaga and Hernández (1998), of a curette for removing residual pollen, consisting of Pollen preference 857 Figure 1. Location of the area where Euglossa townsendi nests were sampled in Guatapará, São Paulo State, Brazil. A solid line marks the area of native vegetation that makes up the hygrophilous forest. A dotted line marks the bank of the Mogi-Guaçu River. White dots represent the location of the trap-nests. feces and pollen not consumed by the larvae (Figure 2b This pollen collection was essential as it enabled a more and c). The pollen material of each cell was transferred accurate identification of the pollen found in the brood separately to Falcon tubes containing 2 mL of 70 % cells by comparing with the pollen material of plants ethanol for at least 24 h (Silva et al. 2014a). After, the flowering in the area throughout the study period. We pollen material was centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 min also used specialized literature (Silva et al.
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