DOCSLIB.ORG

L'operazione Odessa E La Diffusione Del Nazismo in Argentina E Nelle Americhe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
L'operazione Odessa E La Diffusione Del Nazismo in Argentina E Nelle Americhe L'Operazione Odessa e la diffusione del nazismo in Argentina e nelle Americhe Facoltà di Scienze Politiche, Sociologia e Comunicazione Dottorato di Ricerca in Studi Politici Luca Mershed Matricola 1276744 Relatore Prof. Giuseppe Conti A.A. 2018-2019 INDICE INTRODUZIONE: L’ODESSA ORIGINALE……………………………………pag. 4 1) ANTECEDENTI E QUADRO STORICO……………………………………...pag. 13 A. Città del Vaticano…………………………………………………………..pag. 14 B. Argentina…………………………………………………………………...pag. 31 C. Croazia……………………………………………………………………..pag. 45 2) LA PRIMA ODESSA: VATICANO……………………………………………pag. 54 A. Hudal……………………………………………………………………….pag. 55 B. La rete del Vaticano con gli Ustascia……………………………………....pag. 62 C. Intermarium: la rete del Vaticano finisce o evolve?………..………………pag. 72 D. Infiltrazioni comuniste e la fine della rete del Vaticano…….……………...pag. 76 E. La breve parentesi inglese di Odessa: le SS galiziane al soldo dell’Inghilterra e del Vaticano…………………………………………………………………....pag. 86 3) LA SECONDA ODESSA: ARGENTINA……………………………………...pag. 92 A. Nord Europa…………………………………………………………….….pag. 115 B. Svizzera………………………………………………………………….....pag. 118 C. Daye ed il Belgio…………………………………………………………..pag. 128 D. Slovacchia………………………………………………………………….pag. 134 E. Croazia……………………………………………………………………..pag. 136 4) L’ULTIMA ODESSA (PAPERCLIP): STATI UNITI………………………….pag.148 A. Premessa……………………………………………………………………pag. 148 B. Nascita………………………….…………………………………………..pag. 160 C. Sviluppi……………………………………………………………………..pag. 194 5) ALTRI PAESI DI RIFUGIO DEI FUGGIASCHI………………………………pag. 204 A. Brasile……………………………………………………………………….pag. 215 B. Uruguay……………………………………………………………………...pag. 230 C. Paraguay……………………………………………………………………..pag. 241 D. Cile…………………………………………………………………………..pag. 250 APPENDICE: PRINCIPALI GERARCHI NAZISTI, USTASCIA, REPUBBLICANI DI VICHY E FASCISTI GIUNTI NELLE AMERICHE…………………….………...pag. 283 - Josef Mengele………………………………………………………………..pag. 283 - Eduard Roschmann…………………………………………………….…….pag. 285 - Gustav Franz Wagner………………………………………………………..pag. 287 - Aribert Ferdinand Heim……………………………………………………..pag. 288 - Erich Priebke………………………………………………………………...pag. 289 - Adolf Eichmann……………………………………………………………..pag. 292 - Klaus Barbie………………………………………………………………....pag. 298 BIBLIOGRAFIA E ARTICOLI…………………………………..…………………pag. 300 A. Bibliografia……………………………………………………………..........pag. 300 B. Articoli……………………………………………………………………….pag. 310 C. Fonti d’Archivio……………………………………………………………...pag. 322 D. Webgrafia…………………………………………………………………….pag. 323 INTRODUZIONE L’ODESSA ORIGINALE Parlare di Odessa, suscita, soprattutto ai giorni nostri, molta ilarità ed incredulità in quanto molteplici autori e registi hanno fantasticato con le storie, i tesori, le rocambolesche fughe, i cambi di identità ed i sotterfugi diplomatici e politici dei personaggi legati ad essa. Basti pensare che al giorno di oggi sia stato desecretato un file della CIA in cui si parla di una possibile fuga di Hitler dalla Germania nazista dilaniata e distrutta per poi riuscire a raggiungere le Americhe ed aver vissuto una vita pacifica ed indisturbata nel Nuovo Mondo. A mio avviso niente è sicuro, come la sua morte, in quanto le verifiche tecnico-scientifiche della prova del DNA sul luogo (il bunker a Berlino) - dove secondo le fonti ufficiali dell’epoca, si fosse suicidato il 30 aprile del 1945 - gettano dubbi sulla sua reale morte nella Capitale tedesca. Infatti, i Russi hanno sempre affermato di avere con sé alcuni resti del cadavere di Hitler, anche se il suo corpo e quello della compagna Eva Braun erano ufficialmente stati cremati dopo il suicidio. Nel 2009, fu data la possibilità allo scienziato statunitense Nick Bellantoni, dell’Università del Connecticut, di esaminare e studiare quei presunti resti custoditi gelosamente a Mosca. La conclusione di un accurato studio ha negato che quanto il Cremlino possedeva fosse il corpo del Führer: si trattava invece di una donna di età compresa tra i 20 ed i 40 anni, mentre all’epoca Hitler ne aveva 561. Il file della CIA2 custodito negli Archivi Nazionali USA e reso noto nel mese di ottobre 2017 sul sito online della Agenzia statunitense, porta, per la prima volta, una prova concreta sull’avvenire di Hitler da parte di un agenzia di Governo. La fonte è più che accreditata anche se aleggiano dei dubbi sulla veridicità della notizia. Il documento, datato 3 ottobre 1955, parla di un agente segreto con il nome in codice Cimelody-3 che sostiene di essere stato “contattato il 29 settembre 1955 da una fonte affidabile in Colombia la quale aveva lavorato sotto il suo comando in Europa e che attualmente risiede a Maracaibo”. Tale agente rivela che un “ex ufficiale tedesco delle SS, Philip Citroen, avesse comunicato in via confidenziale che Adolf Hitler fosse ancora vivo”. A riprova di ciò, l’amico di Cimelody-3 mostra nel file “una foto, ottenuta il 28 settembre 1955, che ritrae Hitler con Citroen”. La didascalica della foto dice: “Adolf Schrittelmayor, Tunga, Colombia, America del Sud, 1954”. I dubbi sono tanti e lo stesso Cimelody-3 afferma “di non poter essere nella posizione di valutare in modo appurato tale informazione”3. 1 Goñi, U., Tests on skull fragment cast doubt on Adolf Hitler suicide story, The Guardian, Londra, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/27/adolf-hitler-suicide-skull-fragment, 1-12-2017 2 CIA Digital Archives, Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 519b7f9f993294098d513d04, FOIA ERR, Special Collection, Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, 3 ottobre 1955 3 CIA Digital Archives, Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 519b7f9f993294098d513d04, FOIA ERR, Special Collection, Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, 3 ottobre 1955 Insomma, tante sono le versioni che, ancora oggi riguardano la sorte di criminali di guerra in fuga dall’Europa. Si discute ancora se Hitler sia davvero morto nell’incendio di Berlino o sia riuscito a fuggire, ma è sicuro che migliaia di criminali sono riusciti a scappare attraverso una rete organizzata e strutturata che nel corso del tempo è stata denominata Odessa. Come vedremo successivamente, tale Organizzazione è stata creata dai principali esponenti della Germania nazista, ma è andata col tempo modificandosi a tal punto che non solo essi ma tutti coloro che volevano dimenticare i crimini commessi in Europa e giungere in un Paese sicuro ne avessero usufruito. In tal modo, nello schema iniziale di tale organizzazione, sono entrati tanti e nuovi protagonisti che hanno fatto sì che la vera Odessa sia stata solo quella originale ed ideata dai nazisti. Tutte quelle che derivavano da essa sono andate strutturandosi grazie al ruolo ricoperto dagli Stati Uniti, Inghilterra, Vaticano e, soprattutto, Argentina. Inoltre, le varie fonti di archivio mostrano come nel corso del tempo ne siano sorte alcune parallele ed affini e che hanno avuto, però, un ruolo più marginale da un punto di vista storico anche se importante nel quadro generale della mia ricerca. Esse molto spesso non venivano identificate con il nome Odessa (solo quella creata dai nazisti fu chiamata in tal modo) anche se sfruttavano le sue Ratline ed i contatti creatasi durante il corso delle operazioni di fuga. Per esempio, analizzerò la struttura affine ad Odessa, creata dagli Stati Uniti, che prese il nome dall’Operazione, denominata Paperclip, messa in atto con il fine di reclutare centinaia di scienziati nazisti ed altri noti personaggi del regime nazista. Odessa, l'organizzazione degli ex membri delle SS (OrganizzationDer Ehemaligen SS- Angehörigen), fu fondata nel 1944 con il preciso scopo di aiutare i membri nazisti a scappare dall'Europa e sfuggire alla giustizia internazionale che sarebbe seguita alla fine della Guerra. Già nel 1947 Simon Wiesenthal - noto cacciatore di nazisti - iniziò a identificare le rotte utilizzate dai nazisti per dileguarsi dalla Germania sapendo che i fuggiaschi avevano pochissima o nessuna difficoltà ad ottenere i documenti falsi necessari per la fuga. Inoltre, avevano a disposizione abbastanza soldi per stabilire nuove vite nei Paesi di approdo. Wiesenthal concluse che dovesse essere stata creata un'organizzazione segreta con notevoli risorse per aiutare i latitanti a fuggire dal Vecchio Continente. Come si è scoperto da alcuni documenti desecretati dalla CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), questa organizzazione non solo iniziò ad esistere da allora, ma i suoi semi erano stati piantati nel corso della Seconda Guerra Mondiale. Già nel 1944 era chiaro che le sorti della guerra si erano rivoltate contro la Germania nazista e che Hitler non era più in grado di mantenere le conquiste fatte oltre a poter difendere Berlino a oltranza. Molti tedeschi in vista della sconfitta imminente, cominciarono a pianificare una via di fuga ed una vita post sconfitta andando contro il volere del Führer che credette ad una possibile vittoria fino alla fine dei suoi giorni. Secondo un documento – denominato US Military Intelligence report EX-Pa 18 del novembre 1944 e conosciuto anche come Red House Report – il 10 agosto 1944, presso l'hotel Maison Rouge a Rue des France-Bourgeois di Strasburgo, si tenne un incontro segreto tra i maggiori industriali e banchieri tedeschi per ideare un piano per garantire un futuro sicuro ai nazisti. Tale documento fu scritto da una spia di nazionalità francese4 e scoperto dai servizi segreti degli Stati Uniti durante l’Operazione Safe Haven5 della CIA6. Tra i partecipanti del segretissimo incontro c'erano anche i delegati del numero due della gerarchia nazista Martin Bormann e del ministro degli Armamenti Albert Speer, l’ammiraglio Wilhelm Canaris - capo dell’Abwher (il Servizio d’informazione militare tedesco)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Juliana Ferreira Campos Leite.Pdf
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DE PERNAMBUCO PRÓ-REITORIA DE PESQUISA E PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA MESTRADO EM HISTÓRIA JULIANA FERREIRA CAMPOS LEITE ENTRE A SUÁSTICA E O SIGMA: O NAZISMO E O INTEGRALISMO EM PERNAMBUCO (1938-1945) Recife – PE 2017 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DE PERNAMBUCO PRÓ-REITORIA DE PESQUISA E PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA MESTRADO EM HISTÓRIA JULIANA FERREIRA CAMPOS LEITE ENTRE A SUÁSTICA E O SIGMA: O NAZISMO E O INTEGRALISMO EM PERNAMBUCO (1938-1945) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em História, sob a orientação da Dra. Giselda Brito Silva. Recife – PE 2017 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas da UFRPE Biblioteca Central, Recife-PE, Brasil L533e Leite, Juliana Ferreira Campos Entre a suástica e o sigma: o nazismo e o integralismo em Pernambuco (1938-1945) / Juliana Ferreira Campos Leite. – 2017. 130 f.: il. Orientadora: Giselda Brito Silva. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, Recife, BR-PE, 2017. Inclui referências. 1. Nazismo - Pernambuco 2. Integralismo - Pernambuco 3. Pernambuco – História, 1938-1945 I. Silva, Giselda Brito, orient. II. Título CDD 981.34 Agradecimentos A elaboração dos agradecimentos é uma ocasião realmente especial no processo de conclusão da dissertação, já que precisamos rememorar todo o percurso que nos trouxe a esse momento. Passa um filme na cabeça. Foram dois anos bastante intensos. Disciplinas, pesquisa, congressos, estágio docência, além da danada da escrita.
    [Show full text]
  • December Layout 1
    Vol. 38-No. 2 ISSN 0892-1571 November/December 2011-Kislev/Tevet 5772 PRESERVING THE PAST – GUARDING THE FUTURE: 30 YEARS OF ACHIEVEMENT ANNUAL TRIBUTE DINNER OF THE AMERICAN & INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES FOR YAD VASHEM he annual gathering of the American passed on but whose spirit joins us on this and prejudice. We are always pleased to the imperative of Holocaust remembrance Tand International Societies for Yad joyous occasion. I am proud to see how far have with us and recognize the major lead- and thus help ensure that no nation – any- Vashem is an experience in remembrance we have come since that first meeting, ership of this spectacular 800 member as- where, anytime – should ever again suffer and continuity. This year the organization thanks to the generosity of all who are here sociation. a calamity of the unprecedented nature is celebrating its thirtieth anniversary. At tonight and those we remember with love. “The Young Leadership Associates are and scope that befell our people some 70 the Tribute Dinner that was held on No- We witness the growth of Yad Vashem, its the guardians of the future and will be re- years ago in Europe,” said Rabbi Lau. vember 20 at the Sheraton Hotel in New many sites and museums built, and pro- sponsible for ensuring our legacy. Recognizing the tremendous contribu- York, survivors were joined by the genera- grams established, through our efforts. “Our thoughts tonight are bittersweet; we tion of the Societies’ chairman Eli tions that are their inheritors of Jewish con- “And we see our future leaders, the remember our loved ones and all which Zborowski to the cause of Holocaust re- tinuity.
    [Show full text]
  • Download a PDF of This Article
    54 MARCH | APRIL 2017 THE PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE INPURSUIT OFJUSTICE Over more than three decades, mostly at the US Justice Department, Eli Rosenbaum has made a career and a calling out of tracking down Nazi war criminals and more recent human-rights abusers. BY JULIA M. KLEIN ILLUSTRATION BY JONATHANTHE PENNSYLVANIA BARTLETT | PHOTOGRAPH GAZETTE MARCH BY JUSTIN | APRIL TSUCALAS 2017 55 “So this, of course, is our always have. From the very beginning, father, where he found the courage—what best-known Nazi case. when I started here, we were being told, moved him to finally leave the country,” ‘Work as fast as you responsibly can— Rosenbaum says. “He was successful This is John Demjanjuk,” because these people are dying.’” there. He and a partner had a chain of Eli M. Rosenbaum W’76 WG’77 says as we Thanks largely to then-US Representa- what we used to call 5-and-10-cent stores. stride through his US Justice Department tive Elizabeth Holtzman (D-NY), the Justice He just gave it all up.” quarters in a nondescript Washington Department’s Office of Special Investiga- Several of Rosenbaum’s more distant office building. tions (OSI) was established in 1979 to find relatives—among them his paternal grand- Demjanjuk, a Cleveland, Ohio, autowork- people implicated in the Nazi persecution father’s siblings—stayed in Germany and er, was the reluctant star of a long-running of civilians, strip them of US citizenship, perished. “I don’t know the details,” he says, legal saga replete with faulty eyewitness and deport them to countries with jurisdic- “and maybe I should.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full Journal (PDF)
    SAPIR A JOURNAL OF JEWISH CONVERSATIONS THE ISSUE ON POWER ELISA SPUNGEN BILDNER & ROBERT BILDNER RUTH CALDERON · MONA CHAREN MARK DUBOWITZ · DORE GOLD FELICIA HERMAN · BENNY MORRIS MICHAEL OREN · ANSHEL PFEFFER THANE ROSENBAUM · JONATHAN D. SARNA MEIR SOLOVEICHIK · BRET STEPHENS JEFF SWARTZ · RUTH R. WISSE Volume Two Summer 2021 And they saw the God of Israel: Under His feet there was the likeness of a pavement of sapphire, like the very sky for purity. — Exodus 24: 10 SAPIR Bret Stephens EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Mark Charendoff PUBLISHER Ariella Saperstein ASSO CIATE PUBLISHER Felicia Herman MANAGING EDITOR Katherine Messenger DESIGNER & ILLUSTRATOR Sapir, a Journal of Jewish Conversations. ISSN 2767-1712. 2021, Volume 2. Published by Maimonides Fund. Copyright ©2021 by Maimonides Fund. No part of this journal may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of Maimonides Fund. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. WWW.SAPIRJOURNAL.ORG WWW.MAIMONIDESFUND.ORG CONTENTS 6 Publisher’s Note | Mark Charendoff 90 MICHAEL OREN Trial and Triage in Washington 8 BRET STEPHENS The Necessity of Jewish Power 98 MONA CHAREN Between Hostile and Crazy: Jews and the Two Parties Power in Jewish Text & History 106 MARK DUBOWITZ How to Use Antisemitism Against Antisemites 20 RUTH R. WISSE The Allure of Powerlessness Power in Culture & Philanthropy 34 RUTH CALDERON King David and the Messiness of Power 116 JEFF SWARTZ Philanthropy Is Not Enough 46 RABBI MEIR Y. SOLOVEICHIK The Power of the Mob in an Unforgiving Age 124 ELISA SPUNGEN BILDNER & ROBERT BILDNER Power and Ethics in Jewish Philanthropy 56 ANSHEL PFEFFER The Use and Abuse of Jewish Power 134 JONATHAN D.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 L'argentine De Perón, Pièce Maîtresse De L'accueil Des Anciens Nazis En Amérique Latine Résumé
    L’Argentine de Perón, pièce maîtresse de l’accueil des anciens nazis en Amérique latine Renée Fregosi, philosophe et politologue. Directrice de recherche en Science politique à l'Université Paris- Sorbonne-Nouvelle, dernier ouvrage : Les nouveaux autoritaires. Justiciers, censeurs et autocrates (éd. du Moment 2016) Résumé : Entre 1946 et 1952, sous les deux présidences Perón, plusieurs milliers d’anciens nazis dont de nombreux criminels de guerre notoires, sont arrivés en Argentine. C’est tout un faisceau de causes qui a fait de l’Argentine la pièce maîtresse de l’accueil des anciens nazis en Amérique latine : une admiration pour l’expertise allemande dans l’art militaire comme dans les technologies industrielles, relevant d’une longue tradition ; une volonté développementiste ; un appât du gain ; des relations personnelles privilégiées de longue date entre Perón et les nazis ; des affinités idéologiques et un antisémitisme marqué. Ce dossier met en lumière la complexité des liens entre l’Amérique latine et l’Europe, d’hier à aujourd’hui. Mots clés : Argentine, péronisme, nazis, antisémitisme Abstract : Between 1946 and 1952, under the two Perón presidencies, several thousands of former Nazis, including many notorious war criminals, arrived in Argentina. It is a whole bundle of causes that has made Argentina the centerpiece of the reception of former Nazis in Latin America. A traditional admiration for German expertise in military art as well as in industrial technologies. A developmental will. A lure of gain. Long-standing privileged personal relations between Perón and the Nazis. Ideological affinities and marked anti-Semitism. This dossier highlights the complexity of the links between Latin America and Europe from yesterday to today.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioweapons: Lyme Disease, Weaponized Ticks
    Bioweapons: Lyme Disease, Weaponized Ticks By Makia Freeman Region: USA Global Research, August 03, 2019 Theme: Biotechnology and GMO, Science and Medicine Bioweapons, specifically Lyme Disease and bioweaponized ticks, were in the news recently when US Congressman Chris Smith (R-NJ) introducedAmendment 116-19 which was subsequently passed by the US House of Congress on July 11th, 2019. The US House ordered an investigation to determine whether the DoD (Department of Defense) experimented with ticks and other insects between 1950 and 1975 to createbioweapons (biological weapons). Smith, who has a long history of bringing awareness to Lyme Disease, said he was inspired to pursue the matter after reading a book by Kris Newby entitled Bitten: The Secret History of Lyme Disease and Biological Weapons published this year. The fact of the matter is that the US Government and Military have a long history of experimentation with bioweapons, some of which has caused fatal consequences. It is time for the truth to come out. What is Lyme Disease? Lyme Disease is named after the small US town of Lyme (Old Lyme), Connecticut. In 1950, a mysterious disease first broke out in Lyme which defied textbook descriptions and which was characterized by strange symptoms, making it very hard to diagnose. Lyme Disease has multiple symptoms including muscle aches, joint pain, fever, chills, impaired memory and facial paralysis. If bad cases, it can lead to arthritis, nervous system disorders, heart problems and death. The most common disease spread by ticks is Lyme Disease. The CDC estimates over 300,000 people are diagnosed with the disease each year.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Concealment of Ante Pavelić in Austria in 1945-1946
    UDK: 314.743(436)-05 Pavelić, A.''1945/1946'' Izvorni znanstveni članak Received: September 5, 2011 Accepted: November 7, 2011 ON THE CONCEALMENT OF ANTE PAVELIĆ IN AUSTRIA IN 1945-1946 Ante DELIĆ* Based on available American and British documents and thus-far unconsulted papers left behind by Ante Pavelić, the leader of the Independent State of Croatia, the author analyzes Pavelić’s concealment in Austria and the role of Western agencies therein. Some of the relevant literature indicates that the Catholic Church and Western agencies took part in Pavelić’s concealment. The author concludes that all such conjecture lacks any foundation in the available sources. Key words: Ante Pavelić, Western allies, extradition, Yugoslavia Historiography is generally familiar with the fate of the army of the Inde- pendent State of Croatia and the civilian population which, at the end of the war in early May 1945, withdrew toward Austria in fear of advancing commu- nist forces, with the aim of surrendering to the Allies. These people were ex- tradited to the Yugoslav army with the explanation that they would be treated in compliance with the international laws of war. As it transpired, this “treat- ment” was one of the most tragic episodes in the history of the Croatian nation, known under the terms Bleiburg and the Way of the Cross.1 A portion of these refugees who managed to elude this fate ended up in Allied refugee camps, mostly in Italy, Austria and Germany.2 However, even in these camps, besides * Ante Delić, MA, University of Zadar, Zadar, Republic of Croatia 1 Cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Nazismo Tropical? O Partido Nazista No Brasil
    FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTÓRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA SOCIAL NÚCLEO DE ESTUDOS EM HISTÓRIA ORAL Ana Maria Dietrich Nazismo Tropical? O Partido Nazista no Brasil São Paulo, janeiro de 2007 100 Foto da capa: Capa da revista Der Nationalsozialist (O Nacional-socialista). Periódico do Partido Nazista. Grupo Regional do Rio de Janeiro. Junho 1933. Fonte: IFA/S, Alemanha. 101 FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTÓRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA SOCIAL NÚCLEO DE ESTUDOS EM HISTÓRIA ORAL Ana Maria Dietrich NAZISMO TROPICAL? O partido nazista no Brasil São Paulo, janeiro de 2007 102 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTÓRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA SOCIAL NÚCLEO DE ESTUDOS EM HISTÓRIA ORAL NAZISMO TROPICAL? O partido nazista no Brasil Ana Maria Dietrich Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em História Social, do Departamento de História da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para a obtenção do título de Doutor em História. Orientador: Prof. José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy. São Paulo, 2007. 103 A meus pais, testemunhas de que há esperança para um mundo melhor. 104 Agradecimentos Agradeço primeiramente aos meus pais, verdadeiros companheiros desta longa caminhada. Ao Prof. José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy, meu orientador, que me acompanhou de maneira presente e marcante nesta longa jornada acadêmica. Ele funcionou como uma espécie de luz guia em todo este processo, nunca deixando de discutir metodologias e resultados, com uma humildade peculiar aos grandes mestres.
    [Show full text]
  • Pinochet-Supported Nazi Schaefer Given 20 Years LADB Staff
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository NotiSur Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) 7-14-2006 Pinochet-Supported Nazi Schaefer Given 20 Years LADB Staff Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/notisur Recommended Citation LADB Staff. "Pinochet-Supported Nazi Schaefer Given 20 Years." (2006). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/notisur/13501 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NotiSur by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LADB Article Id: 51684 ISSN: 1060-4189 Pinochet-Supported Nazi Schaefer Given 20 Years by LADB Staff Category/Department: Chile Published: 2006-07-14 Former Nazi and ally to the regime of Gen. Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990) Paul Schaefer received a 20-year jail sentence in a Chilean court on May 24. The former leader of the compound known as Colonia Dignidad was convicted on charges that he committed abuses against 25 minors in the enclave between 1993 and 1997, and he faces further charges for participating in crimes committed by the secret police. The judge in Schaefer's case, Talca Appeals Court Judge Hernan Gonzalez, ordered the maximum penalty for 20 charges of "dishonest abuse" of minors and five counts of "sodomy rape" of children, resulting in the 20-year sentence and an order for an indemnification of 770 million pesos (US $1.4 million) to be paid to the victims. Gonzalez considered the crimes attributed to Schaefer to be proven, and he ruled favorably on the applications for indemnification from lawyers for 11 of the victims, who were ages 7 to 17 at the time of Schaefer's abuses.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Air Force Construction Cost Handbook
    DIRECTORATE OF ENGINEERING SUPPORT HISTORICAL AIR FORCE CONSTRUCTION COST HANDBOOK AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY TYNDALL AIR FORCE BASE FLORIDA 32403-5319 FEBRUARY 2007 HISTORICAL AIR FORCE CONSTRUCTION COST HANDBOOK TABLE OF CONTENTS I. GENERAL INFORMATION AND DEFINITIONS II. HISTORICAL DATA BY FACILITY TYPE III. HISTORICAL DATA BY CATEGORY CODE IV. SIZE ADJUSTMENT V. ESCALATION TABLES VI. LOCATION FACTORS VII. SUPPORTING FACILITY UNIT COSTS VIII. SIOH, CONTINGENCIES, AND ROUNDING SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION AND DEFINITIONS SECTION ONE GENERAL INFORMATION AND DEFINITIONS GENERAL INFORMATION The Historical Air Force Construction Cost Handbook is prepared by the Directorate of Technical Support, HQ AFCESA/CESC, to provide valid historical costs used in preparing cost estimates and analyses for Air Force construction. Updates are made annually. Prices for OSD Common Facilities, Area Cost Factors, escalation rates, and the size adjustment curve are from UFC 3-701-07, DoD Facility Pricing Guide. Data for AF Unique Facility Costs, Supporting Facility Costs, and Supporting Facility Percentages are from AF Historical data in the Program, ACES system, DD Forms 1391, the Parametric Cost Engineering System (PACES); or from detailed quantity take- off estimates from typical designs. The historical costs are carefully purged to ensure the correct data is listed. Projects with unusual costs often turn out to be additions, alterations, or add/alter projects and are not used in the database. Other reasons include bidding climate, special design features included that are not normally used on an average facility, or unique conditions at a certain location. Facilities with no historical database are listed as "USER" facility types in the category code listing.
    [Show full text]
  • December Layout 1
    AMERICAN & INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES FOR YAD VASHEM Vol. 41-No. 2 ISSN 0892-1571 November/December 2014-Kislev/Tevet 5775 The American & International Societies for Yad Vashem Annual Tribute Dinner he 60th Anniversary of Yad Vashem Tribute Dinner We were gratified by the extensive turnout, which included Theld on November 16th was a very memorable many representatives of the second and third generations. evening. We were honored to present Mr. Sigmund Rolat With inspiring addresses from honoree Zigmund A. Rolat with the Yad Vashem Remembrance Award. Mr. Rolat is a and Chairman of the Yad Vashem Council Rabbi Israel Meir survivor who has dedicated his life to supporting Yad Lau — the dinner marked the 60th Anniversary of Yad Vashem and to restoring the place of Polish Jewry in world Vashem. The program was presided over by dinner chairman history. He was instrumental in establishing the newly Mark Moskowitz, with the Chairman of the American Society opened Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw. for Yad Vashem Leonard A. Wilf giving opening remarks. SIGMUND A. ROLAT: “YAD VASHEM ENSHRINES THE MILLIONS THAT WERE LOST” e are often called – and even W sometimes accused of – being obsessed with memory. The Torah calls on us repeatedly and command- ingly: Zakhor – Remember. Even the least religious among us observe this particular mitzvah – a true corner- stone of our identity: Zakhor – Remember – and logically L’dor V’dor – From generation to generation. The American Society for Yad Vashem has chosen to honor me with the Yad Vashem Remembrance Award. I am deeply grateful and moved to receive this honor.
    [Show full text]
  • N I~ ~L 'Ш Я .N OI ~V Wl Lo ~N I
    .NI~~l'ШЯ .NOI~VWllO~NI .Edltorlal This issue of СА/В focuses on the fascist connection, in par­ in Latin America or the U.S. The Kameradenwerk-the Nazi ticular the U.S. role in helping hundreds, perhaps thousands, old Ьоу network-remained active over the years, vigorous of prominent Nazis avoid retribution ·at the end of World War enough to have planned and carried out · the 1980 coup in 11. The CIA (originally the OSS) and the U.S. military, along Bolivia, for example, and to have held high places in with the Vatican, were instrumental in exfiltrating war crimi­ Pinochet's govemment in Chile. And they are major figures in nals not just to Latin America, but to the United States as well. the intemational arms and drug trades as well-traffic which As the Reagan administration attempts to rewrite history, it the U.S. tries to Ыаmе on the socialist countries. is worthwhile to examine carefully the wartime and postwar Hundreds of Nazis have been set up in scientific institutions machinations of the extreme Right. The President goes to Bit­ in this country. Ironically, it now appears that Star W ars is burg claiming it is time to forgive and forget, when in reality merely an extension of the Nazis' wartime rocket research. he is merely cutting а crude political deal with the reactionary Much of the U.S. space program was designed Ьу them. When West German govemment for its approval of Star Wars Ьу giv­ the Justice Department's Office of Special Investigations leam­ ing his absolution to the SS.
    [Show full text]