Ciguatera Fish Poisoning

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10 FACTS YOU NEED TO KNOW 1. Ciguatera (sig-wo-terra) is the most frequendy reported seafood-relaled disease, worldwide. 2 . The toxin known as ciguatoxin comes from the algae Gambierdiscus toxicus which is found in some tropioal coral reefs. 3. Ciguatoxin is passed up the food chain to large predatory fish like barracuda, grouper, and snapper. (There are over 400 species that have been found to contain this toxin). 4 . Symptoms of ciguatera fish poisoning include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, joint and muscle pain, numbness and tingling around the mouth, hands and feet, and reversal of temperature sensation (your hot shower feels cold) . s. Symptoms can begin in as little as 1 hour afler eating a ciguatoxic fish and can last from a few days to months. 6.- 10. ON BACK • • 8. Ciguatoxic fish CANNOT be delecled by appearance, • lasle, or smell and the toxin CANNOT be removed by • freezing, fillering or cooking the fish. There is no FDA • approved test kit for ciguatera at this time. Z•. Florida game fish most commonly associated with ciguatera fish poisoning include barracuda, groupers, snappers, jacks, mackerel, and triggerfish. In general, the larger the fish, the grealer the polenrial for poisoning. 8. If you suspect you have Ciguatera Fish Poisoning, seek medical attention. Report your illness to your local county health department and the Florida Poison Information Hotline,1-80().222-1222. Cigualera fish poisoning can be lrealed with a drug called Mannitol if diagnosed wi thin 24 hours. 9. Keep a frozen sample 01 the fish. Document the species and size, where it was captured, and how it was stored and prepared. 10. Reduce your risk of getting ciguatera by eating only small reef fish and by avoiding larger fish most likely to carry ciguatera . Ask local fishermen or bait shop. about which reefs to avoid. The best protec6on is 10 be aware of fishing areas known to have produced ciguataxic fish and to be aware at the cam man fish and the larger fish sizes that cause the illness. Only buy fish from reputable seafood markels and restaurants. Aorida Poison nformation Hodine (toll-free): 1-800-222-1222 FDI::>H website: W'W\/V Public Health Toxicology SecHon .

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Development of a Quantitative PCR Assay for the Detection And
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/544247; this version posted February 8, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Development of a quantitative PCR assay for the detection and enumeration of a potentially ciguatoxin-producing dinoflagellate, Gambierdiscus lapillus (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae). Key words:Ciguatera fish poisoning, Gambierdiscus lapillus, Quantitative PCR assay, Great Barrier Reef Kretzschmar, A.L.1,2, Verma, A.1, Kohli, G.S.1,3, Murray, S.A.1 1Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007 NSW, Australia 2ithree institute (i3), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007 NSW, Australia, [email protected] 3Alfred Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum fr Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany Abstract Ciguatera fish poisoning is an illness contracted through the ingestion of seafood containing ciguatoxins. It is prevalent in tropical regions worldwide, including in Australia. Ciguatoxins are produced by some species of Gambierdiscus. Therefore, screening of Gambierdiscus species identification through quantitative PCR (qPCR), along with the determination of species toxicity, can be useful in monitoring potential ciguatera risk in these regions. In Australia, the identity, distribution and abundance of ciguatoxin producing Gambierdiscus spp. is largely unknown. In this study we developed a rapid qPCR assay to quantify the presence and abundance of Gambierdiscus lapillus, a likely ciguatoxic species. We assessed the specificity and efficiency of the qPCR assay. The assay was tested on 25 environmental samples from the Heron Island reef in the southern Great Barrier Reef, a ciguatera endemic region, in triplicate to determine the presence and patchiness of these species across samples from Chnoospora sp., Padina sp.
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