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Aquatic Macroinvertebrates Associated with Free Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2018; 6(3): 1432-1441 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Aquatic macroinvertebrates associated with free- JEZS 2018; 6(3): 1432-1441 © 2018 JEZS floating macrophytes in a marginal lentic Received: 14-03-2018 Accepted: 15-04-2018 ecosystem (Ono Lagoon, Côte d’ Ivoire) Brahima Diarra Laboratoire Ecologie Tropicale, UFR Biosciences, Université Brahima Diarra, Kouadio Justin Konan, Laurince Michel Yapo and Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP Kouassi Philippe Kouassi 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire Kouadio Justin Konan Abstract Centre de Recherches This study aims to investigate macroinvertebrate communities associated with floating macrophytes of Océanologiques, BP V 18 Ono lagoon (Côte d’Ivoire). Samples were monthly collected from September 2015 to August 2016. Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire Similarly, abiotic variables (temperature, transparency, depth, conductivity, TDS, pH, dissolved oxygen, + - - 3- NH4 , NO3 , NO2 and PO4 ) were measured. A total of 150 macroinvertebrates belonging to 46 families Laurince Michel Yapo and 15 orders were identified. Specifically, 125 taxa were found on Eichhornia crassipes, 77 on Salvinia Université Péléforo Gon molesta and 62 on Pistia stratiotes of which 52 taxa were exclusively associated with E. crassipes, 15 Coulibaly, BP 1328 Korhogo, with S. molesta and 7 with P. stratiotes. Libellulidae (14.39-22.42%) and Corduliidae (10.56-16.47%) Côte d’Ivoire exhibited the highest densities. Higher values of taxonomic richness, Shannon index and evenness were recorded for macrophytes stands with a significant difference between invasive plants (E. crassipes and Kouassi Philippe Kouassi Laboratoire Ecologie Tropicale, S. molesta) and native plant (P. stratiotes). In flood season, E. crassipes was greatly colonised by 3- UFR Biosciences, Université Odonata and Arachnida and was highly correlated with dissolved oxygen, temperature, PO4 and depth. Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP The rainy season was characterised by Coleoptera, Diptera, and Gasteropoda as well as highest levels of - 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire pH and NO3 . This season was correlated with S. molesta and P. stratiotes. In dry season, Heteroptera, Decapoda, Lepidoptera and Epheroptera were abundant and correlated with transparency. Keywords: Aquatic macroinvertebrates, aquatic plants, biodiversity, Ono lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire Introduction [1] Marginal lagoons, usually possess at their littoral regions extensive macrophyte stands , which play an important role in providing a stable habitat structure to the aquatic ecosystems [2, 3]. These submerged and floating macrophyte communities play a crucial role for animals and lower plants in aquatic ecosystems by providing habitat complexity and breeding areas, as well as being substrata for periphyton and sites of abundant food production for many aquatic [4, 5] animals . However, non-native species such as Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia molesta [6] [7] may seriously alter the functions that macrophytes provide . According to Etien and Arfi , these free-floating species have colonized about 70% of the Ivorian water surface. Their prolific growth causes considerable economic problems and affects fisheries, traffic, irrigation, water supply and the whole ecology of the infested aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic macroinvertebrates play an important role in the coastal zone of water bodies, [8] controlling the biomass of periphyton, acting in the decomposition and cycling of detritus . In addition, their community assemblages can act as good indicators of the prevailing hydrological regime and water quality in aquatic systems. There are works concerning macroinvertebrate communities and invertebrate assemblages associated with E. crassipes and [9-11] P. stratiotes roots of freshwater ecosystems . However, no study investigating relationships between free-floating macrophytes, macroinvertebrate community and water properties was done in marginal lagoons. This study aims to describe the composition and structure of macroinvertebrates associated with free-floating macrophytes for better understanding the relationship between their assemblages and plant architectures as well as Correspondence abiotic factors in Ono lagoon. Brahima Diarra Laboratoire Ecologie Tropicale, 2. Materials and methods UFR Biosciences, Université 2.1. Study area Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP Ono lagoon (5°22'22"N and 3°33'53"W) is a marginal freshwater ecosystem of 481 ha located 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire in the Southeast of Ivory Coast (Figure 1). ~ 1432 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies Its surface includes a wide variety of habitat types such as abundance. To determine the abundance of emerged plants, free-floating macrophytes, floating leaf macroinvertebrates, densities were calculated based on the plants, submerged plants and white habitats. Because this total number of individuals (N) per 100 g dry weight (dw) of lagoon is invaded by several macrophytes, the exploitable macrophytes. All indices as well as individual species surface is 162 ha. It is irrigated by a small river (Wamon densities were tested by one-way analyses of variance, river) and connected in downstream to Comoé River. This followed by Tukey multiple comparison tests for significant lagoon, permanently connected to these rivers has an differences among the considered habitat types and seasons. equatorial climate, including two rainy seasons (April-July One-way analysis of variance was also used to test the and October-November) and two dry seasons (December- differences in physicochemical characteristics between March and August-September). The permanent linkage with seasons. the Comoé river produces typical freshwater characteristics of Redundancy Analysis (RDA), a constrained linear ordination this lagoon. method based on significant (p<0.05) forward selected environmental variables was carried out in order to search for 2.2. Data collection and laboratory procedure and define the best explanatory water properties Sampling of free-floating macrophytes and associated characterising the macrophyte and influencing the distribution macroinvertebrates was carried out monthly from September of the associated macroinvertebrates. The statistical 2015 to August 2016. Samples of water and macrophytes significance of the first four ordination axes was tested by were collected in the upstream, the middle and the using a Monte Carlo permutation test with 499 permutations downstream of the lagoon. To assess the macroinvertebrate under a reduced model. Data analysis was performed using assemblages associated with each free-floating macrophytes, the software CANOCO version 5.0. a net of 0.053 m² surface area with a 500-μm mesh size was used. Organisms on free-floating macrophytes were collected 3. Results by submerging the edges of the sampling “kick-net” quadrat 3.1. Environmental variables underneath the individuals to extract them from the water. The pH, transparency and depth exhibited significant The net was carefully lifted out of the water to prevent the variability amongst seasons (Table 1). The highest values of escape of agile animals, then pooled per free-floating depth and pH were recorded in flood and rainy seasons, while macrophytes and transferred into a plastic bag. For the the lowest values were observed in the dry season. The values isolation of macroinvertebrate from the collected plants, all of transparency were high in dry season and low in flood and plant materials were washed in a plastic bowl and filtered rainy seasons. No significant variation of the other parameters through a sieve of 0.2 mm mesh size. Subsequently, samples was observed (ANOVA, p>0.05) (Table 1). Higher levels of + were preserved in a 10% formaldehyde solution in a plastic temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, TDS, NH4 and 3- - container for further analysis. PO4 were registered in flood season while the values of NO3 At laboratory, sub-samples of macrophytes were identified by were high in rainy season. specialists. Preserved samples were washed to remove formaldehyde solution and then screened through a 500 µm 3.2. Macroinvertebrate diversity mesh size to collect all macroinvertebrates on white plates. A total of 150 macroinvertebrates belonged to 46 families and They were then fixed in a 70% alcohol solution for 15 orders were identified on macrophytes (Table 2). The identification. Large macroinvertebrates were sorted by the major orders were Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Heteroptera, naked eye while smaller fauna was sorted under a binocular Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Trichoptera, Araneae, loupe. All animals were then sorted out into different Trombidiformes, Decapoda, Pharyngobdelliformes, taxonomic groups, counted and identified up to lowest Haplotaxida, Architaenioglossa, Basommatophora and possible taxon under binocular loupe according to the keys of Littorinimorpha. E. crassipes recorded the highest number of [12-15]. taxa followed by S. molesta and P. stratiotes. One hundred For biomass determination, the wet weight of several and twenty-five taxa were found on E. crassipes, 77 on S. individuals of each species were taken after broadly dividing molesta and 62 on P. stratiotes of which 52 taxa were into various size groups and mean individual weight of each exclusively associated with E. crassipes, 15 with S. molesta species was worked out. Separated and washed plants were and 7 with P. stratiotes. Thirty-seven common taxa were drained of excess water, weighed to estimate plant wet found in all macrophytes (Table 2).
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