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PHYSIOLOGICAL and MANAGEMENT STUDIES on Alternaria Alternata (Fr.) Keissler-THE INCITANT of LEAF BLIGHT of GROUNDNUT (Arachis Hypogaea L.)

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PHYSIOLOGICAL and MANAGEMENT STUDIES on Alternaria Alternata (Fr.) Keissler-THE INCITANT of LEAF BLIGHT of GROUNDNUT (Arachis Hypogaea L.) PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES ON Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler-THE INCITANT OF LEAF BLIGHT OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE RAJASTHAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIKANER IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE (PLANT PATHOLOGY) BY SHANKER LAL KANTWA 2006 CONTENTS S. No. Particulars Page No. 1. INTRODUCTION ......... 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ......... 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS ......... 4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS …….. 5 DISCUSSION ......... 6. SUMMARY ......... LITERATURE CITED ......... ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) ......... ABSTRACT (HINDI) ......... RAJASTHAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIKANER S.K.N. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, JOBNER CERTIFICATE - I Dated : .........../2006 This is to certify that Mr. SHANKER LAL KANTWA had successfully completed the Comprehensive Examination held on 28th June, 2006 as required under the regulation of Master of Science. (R.P. MAHARSHI) Head Department of Plant Pathology S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner RAJASTHAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIKANER S.K.N. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, JOBNER CERTIFICATE - II Dated : ......./2006 This is to certify that this thesis entitled “Physiological and management studies on Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler-the incitant of leaf blight of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)” submitted for the degree of Master of Science in the subject of Plant Pathology of the Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner is a bonafide research work carried out by Mr. SHANKER LAL KANTWA under my guidance and supervision and that no part of this thesis has been submitted for any other degree. The assistance and help received during the course of investigation have been fully acknowledged. The draft of the thesis was also approved by the advisory committee on ………….. (R.P. MAHARSHI) (K.S. SHEKHAWAT) Head Major Advisor Department of Plant Pathology DEAN S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner RAJASTHAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIKANER S.K.N. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, JOBNER CERTIFICATE – III Dated : .........../2006 This is to certify that this thesis entitled “Physiological and management studies on Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler-the incitant of leaf blight of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)” submitted by Mr. SHANKER LAL KANTWA to the Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the subject of Plant Pathology, after recommendation by the external examiner was defended by the candidate before the following members of the examination committee. The performance of the candidate in the oral examination on his thesis has been found satisfactory, we therefore, recommend that the thesis be approved. (R.P. MAHARSHI) (K.S. SHEKHAWAT) Head Major Advisor Department of Plant Pathology (S.C. JAIN) Advisor APPROVED (M.L. JAKHAR) Advisor (M.L. SHARMA) DEAN, Dean, PGS Nominee Post Graduate Studies RAJASTHAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIKANER S.K.N. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, JOBNER CERTIFICATE - IV Dated : ………../2006 This is to certify that Mr. SHANKER LAL KANTWA of the Department of Plant Pathology, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner has made all corrections/modifications in the thesis entitled “Physiological and management studies on Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler-the incitant of leaf blight of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)” which were suggested by the external examiner and the advisory committee in the oral examination held on ………/2006. The final copies of the thesis duly bound and corrected were submitted on ………/2006, are enclosed herewith for approval. (K.S. SHEKHAWAT) Major Advisor Enclosed one original and two bound copies of the thesis. Forward to the Dean, Post Graduate Studies, RAU, Bikaner, through the Dean, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner. (R.P. MAHARSHI) DEAN Head S.K.N. College of Agriculture Department of Plant Pathology Jobner LIST OF TABLES Table Particulars Page No. No. 4.1 Mycelial growth and sporulation of Alternaria alternata on …… different solid media (after 7 days of incubation at 25+ 20C) 4.2 Mycelial growth and sporulation of Alternaria alternata on …… different liquid media (after 7 days of incubation at 25+20C) 4.3 Effect of temperature on the mycelial growth and …… sporulation of Alternaria alternata in vitro (after 7 days of incubation) 4.4 Effect of relative humidity on the mycelial growth and …… sporulation of Alternaria alternata (after 7 days of incubation at 25 + 20C) 4.5 Mycelial growth and sporulation of Alternaria alternata at …… different hydrogen-ion concentration (after 7 days of incubation at 25 + 20C) 4.6 In vitro efficacy of bio-control agents against Alternaria …… alternata in dual culture plate method 4.7 In vitro efficacy of phytoextracts against mycelial growth …… of Alternaria alternata (after 7 days of incubation at 25+20C) 4.8 In vitro efficacy of phytoextracts against sporulation of …… Alternaria alternata (after 7 days of incubation at 25+2 0C) 4.9 In vitro efficacy of fungicides against mycelial growth of …… Alternaria alternata (after 7 days of incubation at 25 +2 0C) 4.10 In vitro efficacy of fungicides against sporulation of …… Alternaria alternata (after 7 days of incubation at 25 +20C) LIST OF FIGURES Figure Particulars Page No. No. 4.1 Mycelial growth and sporulation of Alternaria alternata on …… different solid media (after 7 days of incubation at 25+2 0C) 4.2 Mycelial growth and sporulation of Alternaria alternata on …… different liquid media (after 7 days of incubation at 25+2 0C) 4.3 Effect of temperature on the mycelial growth and …… sporulation of Alternaria alternata in vitro (after 7 days of incubation) 4.4 Effect of relative humidity on the mycelial growth and …… sporulation of Alternaria alternata (after 7 days of incubation at 25+2 0C) 4.5 Mycelial growth and sporulation of Alternaria alternata at …… different hydrogen-ion concentration (after 7 days of incubation at 25+2 0C) 4.6 In vitro efficacy of phytoextracts against mycelial growth of …… Alternaria alternata (after 7 days of incubation at 25+2 0C) 4.7 In vitro efficacy of phytoextracts against sporulation of …… Alternaria alternata (after 7 days of incubation at 25+2 0C) 4.8 In vitro efficacy of fungicides against mycelial growth of …… Alternaria alternata (after 7 days of incubation at 25+2 0C) 4.9 In vitro efficacy of fungicides against sporulation of …… Alternaria alternata (after 7 days of incubation at 25+2 0C) LIST OF PLATES Plate PLATE Page No. No. 1a. Conidia of Alternaria alternata ……… 1b. Conidia with chain ……… 2a. Pathogenicity test ……… 2b Symptomology ……… 3a. Mycelial growth and sporulation of Alternaria alternata ……… on different solid media (after 7 days of incubation at 25+ 20C) 3b. Mycelial growth and sporulation of Alternaria alternata ……… on different liquid media (after 7 days of incubation at 25+20C) 4a. Effect of temperature on the mycelial growth and ……… sporulation of Alternaria alternata in vitro (after 7 days of incubation) 4b. Effect of relative humidity on the mycelial growth and ……… sporulation of Alternaria alternata (after 7 days of incubation at 25 + 20C) 5. In vitro efficacy of bio-control agents against Alternaria ……… alternata in dual culture plate method 6a In vitro efficacy of fungicides against mycelial growth of ……… Alternaria alternata at 50 ppm concentration (after 7 days of incubation at 25 + 20C) 6b In vitro efficacy of fungicides against mycelial growth of ……… Alternaria alternata at 100 ppm concentration (after 7 days of incubation at 25 + 20C) 6c In vitro efficacy of fungicides against mycelial growth of ……… Alternaria alternata at 200 ppm concentration (after 7 days of incubation at 25 + 20C) 6d In vitro efficacy of fungicides against mycelial growth of ……… Alternaria alternata at 500 ppm concentration (after 7 days of incubation at 25 + 20C) 6e In vitro efficacy of fungicides against mycelial growth of ……… Alternaria alternata at 1000 ppm concentration (after 7 days of incubation at 25 + 20C) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I take this privilege to express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to Dr. K.S. Shekhawat, Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Jaipur), for his valuable guidance, constant help, keen interest and ever inspiring encouragement during the period of course work, investigation and preparation of this comprehensive work. With full regard and honour I wise to place my sincere and heartfelt gratitude to members of my advisory committee Dr. S.C. Jain, Asstt. Prof., Deptt. of Plant Pathology, Dr. M.L. Jakhar, Asstt. Prof., Deptt. of Plant Breeding and Genetics and Dr. M.L. Sharma (Dean PGS), Assoc. Prof., Deptt. of Biochemistry, whose incessant help, constant advices and engrossing guidance made this task turn to success. I am highly grateful to Dr. R.P. Maharshi, Head, Department of Plant Pathology, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner for constructive suggestion, generous assistance and for rendering help as and when needed. I owe my sincere reverence to Dr. R.A. Singania, Dean, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner for sublime encouragement and providing necessary facilities for conducting the present investigation. My warm and sincere thanks to Dr. R.G. Jat and Sh. R.R. Ahiar, Asstt. Prof., Deptt. of Plant Pathology, other staff members for their everwilling help and valuable suggestions received during the course of investigation. I offer my sincere thanks to Dr. B.L. Jakhar, M.L. Tetarwal, B.R. Choudhary, Tara Chand, Gopal, Ashok, Jaipal, Rajendra, Kailash, Satyanarayan, Bhagwan Sahay, A.K. Bochalya
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