DOCSLIB.ORG

INHERITANCE of ALTERNARIA RESISTANCE in WHEAT Division

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
INHERITANCE of ALTERNARIA RESISTANCE in WHEAT Division INHERITANCE OF ALTERNARIA RESISTANCE IN WHEAT S. S. SOKHI*, L. M. JOSHI and M. V. RAO Division of Mycology and Plant Pathology, I.A.R.I., New Delhi (Accepted: 22-viii-73) LEAF blight of wheat has become of great concern in recent years in some parts of India as many of the varieties in cultivation are susceptible in one part or other of the country. The disease has become important, in recent years in Maharashtra, Bihar and West Bengal. The disease was first recorded in 1924 by Kulkarni from Bombay and by McRae from Bihar. A few subsequent reports on the disease appeared from U.P. (Mehta, 1960; Mathur, 1950), Orissa (Bose, 1956) and Andhra Pradesh (Rao, 1961). However, in all the above case the pathogenicity was not established by inoculation experiments and the causal organisms was not identified. Prasada and Prabhu (1962) identified the causal organism as a new species, Alternaria triticina. Some of the varieties such as Kenphad wheats and some Mexican wheats and their derivatives are susceptible to the disease. At present, the disease is ranked as one of the major diseases of wheat and causes substantial damage to the crop. The progress in respect of breeding varieties resistant to the disease would depend upon the knowledge of various sources of resistance and the mode of inheritance of genes for resistance. The present investigations report the results of such studies. www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale MATERIALS AND METHODS Downloaded From IP - 61.247.228.217 on dated 27-Jun-2017 The mode of inheritance of jAltemaria blight resistance was studied in Fr and F2 of different crosses of 8 parents involving 7 resistant parents, viz., Agra Local, NP4 , NP53) NP809, NP824, E. 581 and E. 1912, and one susceptible (NP. 830). The Fi seed of all these crosses was sown at Wellington and F s seed was brought for testing for reaction against Alternaria triticina under Delhi conditions. Inoculation with spore suspension of Delhi isolate (16,000 spores/ml) of A. triticina was done in the evening when the crop was 80 days old. After inoculation a heavy irrigation was given to the crop to create a humid microclimate for causing heavy infection. Observations were recorded by modified McKinney's technique as applied by Horsfall and Heuberger (1942) following 0 to 10 infection categories. The plants showing 0, 1 and 2 reactions were put under resistant class, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 were put under susceptible class. The disease reactions of all the segregating material were recorded when there was full expression of the disease. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The F, generation of crosses of NP 830 with five resistant parents viz., Agra Local, NP 52, NP 824, NP 4 and NP 809 exhibited dominance of suscep- tibility to the disease but in the crosses with the resistant wheats, E 1912 and •Present address: Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Instt. of Horticultural Research, Bangalore-6 457 458 Indian Journal of Genetics & Plant Breeding [Vol. 33, No. 3 E 581 susceptibility was recessive. Data on the mode of segregation in crosses of the 7 resistant parents with susceptible variety NP 830 are presented in Table 1. From the above data it appears that the resistance of Agra Local, NP 52 and NP 4 to leaf blight is governed by one recessive gene pair whereas, in NP 824 and NP 809, it is controlled by two recessive gene pairs. The resistance of E 1912 and E 581 is governed by dominant genes, three in the former and one in the latter. In order to establish the diversity of genes carried by resistant varieties, the F2 of 21 crosses involving the above 7 resistant parents were tested against the disease. TABLE 1 Mode of segregation of resistance to A. triticina in the F2 population of 7 crosses No. of plants Gross Generation X2 Resistant Susceptible NP 830 X Agra Local F2 (obs.) 74 210 •168 F2 (exp.) (1:3) 71 213 NP 830 x NP 52 F3 (obs.) 41 141 •666 F2 (exp.) (1:3) 45-5 136-5 NP 830 x NP 824 F, (obs.) (1:15) 11 129 •617 F„ (exp.) 8-75 131-25 NP 830 x NP 4 F2 (obs.) 80 282 1-626 F2 (exp.) (1:3) 90-50 271-50 www.IndianJournals.com NP 830 x NP 809 F2 (obs.) 12 129 1-231 Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale F2 (exp.) (1:15) 8-91 132-19 NP 830 x E 1912 F2 (obs.) 240 3 0-171 Downloaded From IP - 61.247.228.217 on dated 27-Jun-2017 F2 (exp.) (63:1) 239-2 3-8 NP 830 x E 581 Fa (obs.) 96 28 0-387 F3 (exp.) (3:1) 93 31 The recessive gene controlling disease resistance in Agra Local is also found in the varieties NP 52 and NP 4 where resistance is controlled by a single pair of recessive genes. This gene appears to be one of the two genes present in the varieties NP 809 and NP 824 where resistance is controlled by two recessive duplicate genes. The duplicate recessive genes in NP 809 and NP 824 appear to be the same. One of the factors present in E 1912 is common to the one present in the variety E. 581 where resistance is controlled by dominant genes. Recently Narula and Srivastava (1971) studied the genetics of Alternaria resistance in wheat where they reported that resistance in varieties NP 835, NP 852 and G 306 is governed by two pairs of recessive genes. In the present studies in all the 5 Indian wheats resistance was either controlled by a single or two duplicate recessive genes. November, 1973] Alternaria resistance in wheat 459 All the varieties which showed resistance to Alternaria in the present studies are susceptible to brown rust. Similar relationship had been observed in oat varieties where susceptibility to Helminthosporium victoriae and resistance to Puccinia coronata appears to be always associated. Reddy (1967) and Sokhi (1971) concluded that amongst the various mechanisms of disease resistance in Alternaria blight, sugar content may play a part in some varieties like Agra Local but not in all the resistant varieties. Prabhu and Swaminathan (1968) have stated that low sugar content of Agra Local may be one of the pathways of resis- tance in this variety. However, this hypothesis proposed by Horsfall and Dimond (1957) does not hold true in all cases. It may, therefore, be possible to locate simultaneous resistance to brown rust and Alternaria blight. These two pathogenes have synergestic effect and cause more loss together that the sum total of the loss caused by the individual fungi (Sokhi, 1971). It is, therefore, desirable to identify simultaneous sources of resistance to both the pathogens. SUMMARY Inheritance of resistance to Alternaria blight of wheat was studied in a set of diallel crosses of 8 parents involving 7 resistant parents Agra Local, NP 52, NP 824, NP 4, NP 809, E 1912 and E 581 and a susceptible parent, NP 830. Resistance to leaf blight was governed by a pair of recessive genes in the varieties, Agra Local, NP 52 and NP 4 and by two pairs of recessive genes in varieties NP 824 and NP 809. In varieties Timenstein x Mida (E 1912) and Kenya 184. P.2. A.I.F. (E 581) resistance was controlled by three and one pair of dominant genes, respectively. www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Authors are thankful to Dr. S. P. Raychaudhuri, Head, Division of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Downloaded From IP - 61.247.228.217 on dated 27-Jun-2017 IARI, New Delhi, for providing necessary facilities. S. S. Sokhi is thankful to ICAR for awarding Sr. ICAR fellowship during the tenure of his studies. REFERENCES Bose, S. R. (1956). Alternaria within the pericarp of wheat Nature, Land., 178: 640-641. Horsfall, J. G. and Heuberger, J. W. (1942). Measuring magnitude of a defoliation disease of tomatoes. Phytopathology, 32: 226-232. Horsfall, J. G. and Dimond, A. E. (1957). Interactions of tissue sugar, growth substances and disease susceptibility. Z- Pflanzenkrankh u PJlanzenschutz. 64: 415^21. Mathur, R. S. (1956). Alternaria leaf spot of wheat in U. P. Agric. Anim. Husb., U.P. 6: 12-14. Mehta, P. R. (1950). Some new diseases of plants of economic importance in U. P. PI. Prot. Bull., New Delhi, 2: 50-51. Nirula, P. N. and Srivastava, O. P. (1971). Genetics of Alternaria resistance in wheat. Indian J. Genet., 31:105-107. Prabhu, A. S. and Swaminathan M. S. (1968). Inverse relationship between resistance to rusts and leaf blight of wheat. Curr. Sci., 37: 379-80. Prasada, R. and Prabhu, A. S. (1962). Leaf blight of wheat caused by a new species of Alternaria. Indian Phytopath., 15: 292-93. Rao, G. P. (1961). Proceedings of All India Wheat Research Worker's Seminar, I. A. R. I. New Delhi. Reddy, A. P. K. (1967). Physiologic studies of Alternaria triticina Prasada and Prabhu, the causal agent of leaf blight of wheat. Unpub. Ph.D. thesis, IARI, Mew Delhi. Sokhi, S. S. (1971). Studies on leaf blight of wheat caused by Alternaria triticina with special reference to the disease resistance. Unpub. Ph. D. thesis, I.A.R.I., New Delhi. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nature and Effect of Alternaria Spp. Complex from Wheat Grain on Germination and Disease Transmission
    Pak. J. Bot., 45(5): 1817-1824, 2013. NATURE AND EFFECT OF ALTERNARIA SPP. COMPLEX FROM WHEAT GRAIN ON GERMINATION AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION ANALÍA E. PERELLÓ1,2* AND SILVINA LARRÁN1 1CIDEFI (Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatología) y Cátedra de Fitopatología 2CONICET-Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 119 (1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. *Corresponding author’s e-mail: anaperello2@ yahoo.com.ar Abstract Diseases caused by Alternaria sp. are among the most common diseases of crops throughout the world. Alternaria sp. is a common component of the flora of wheat seed. Although isolation of Alternaria sp. from wheat (Triticum aestivum) seed has been reported in Argentina, development of the Alternaria blight in plants from infected seeds has not been demonstrated experimentally. Seed transmission of strains belonging to Alternaria tenuissima, A. alternata, A. infectoria, A. triticina, A. chlamydospora and related genera like Embellisia and Ulocladium sp. on wheat were investigated in the Argentinean growing area, on wheat cultivars Klein Escorpión and Buck Poncho. A. tenuissima was the dominant fungus in black pointed kernels. Transmission of all 42 seed-borne members of Alternaria complex from seeds to seedlings artificially inoculated was detected by trays seedling symptoms test. Among the fungi tested most isolates of Alternaria, Embellisia sp. and Ulocladium sp. produced distinct seed rot and seedling infection symptoms. This confirmed the seed-borne nature of these fungi. In each wheat cultivar tested inoculated seeds appreciably reduced their germination. The emerging coleoptile is externally infected by hyphal growth from the infected pericarp.
    [Show full text]
  • TRITICALE Proceedings of an International Symposium El Batan, Mexico, 1-3 October 1973
    ARCHIV IDRC-024e MACINT 11251 TRITICALE Proceedings of an international symposium El Batan, Mexico, 1-3 October 1973 Editors: Reginald Maclntyre/Marilyn Campbell IDRC-024e TRITICALE Proceedings of an international symposium, El Batan, Mexico, 1-3 October 1973* Editors: REGINALD MAcINTYRE/MARILYN CAMPBELL This symposium was co-sponsored by the Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo, the University of Manitoba, and theInternational Development Research Centre. Oi958 *The views expressed in this publication are those of the individualauthor(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the International DevelopmentResearch Centre. ISBN 0-088936-028-6 UDC: 633.1 © 1974 International Development Research Centre Head Office: 60 Queen Street, Box 8500, Ottawa, CanadaK1G 3H9 Microfiche Edition $1 Contents Foreword W. David Hopper 5-7 List of Participants 8-11 Historical review of the development of triticale Arne Müntzing 13-30 Development of triticales in Western Europe E. Sanchez-Monge 31-39 Triticale-breeding experiments in Eastern Europe A. Kiss 41-50 Research work with 4x-Triticale in Germany (Berlin) K.-D.Krolow 51-60 Triticale research program in the United Kingdom R. S. Gregory 61-67 Progress in the development of triticale in Canada E. N. Larter 69-74 Triticale: its potential as a cereal crop in the United States of America R. I. Metzger 75-80 The triticale improvement program at CIMMYT F. J. Zillinsky 8 1-85 Prospects of triticale as a commercial crop in India J. P. Srivastava 87-92 Triticale breeding experiments in India N. S. Sisodia 93-101 Triticale research program in Iran M.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Length Research Article DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
    Available online at http://www.journalijdr.com International Journal of DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH ISSN: 2230-9926 International Journal of Development Research Vol. 06, Issue, 12, pp.10765-10774, December, 2016 Full Length Research Article ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF STRIPE DISEASE OF BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.) BY PLANT EXTRACTS AND ANTAGONISTIC FUNGI *Mredula Trivedi and Archana Singh Department of Botany, Govt. M.S.J.P.G. College, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India-321001 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: A search for an environmentally safe and economically viable strategy for control of plant Received 29th September, 2016 diseases has led to an increased use of plant based products in agriculture. To control the plant Received in revised form diseases, use of fungicides can impact the environment and human health. One method to 14th October, 2016 eliminate these drawbacks is promoting induced protection. This study investigated the use of Accepted 19th November, 2016 plants extracts and antagonistic fungi as a biological control of Drechslera graminea or as an th Published online 30 December, 2016 inducer of protection in barley plant against the pathogen and also evaluated the possible mechanisms. In the controlled laboratory conditions leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica, Ricinus Key Words: communis, Calotropis procera, Ocimum sanctum, Lawsonia rosea, Cassia tora and Barley, Drechslera Graminea, Crysanthemum indicum and native isolates of two fungal bioagents Trichoderma harzianum and Ecofriendly Management, T. viride were tested to examine their effectivity against D. graminea. Trichoderma sp. is an Plant Extract, ecofriendly organism that does not cause any harmful and side effect on human beings and Trichoderma harzianum and domestic animals when handled.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternaria Species and Mycotoxins Associated to Black Point of Cereals
    Mycotoxins 63 (1), 39-46 (2013) 39 Proceedings Paper www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/myco Alternaria species and mycotoxins associated to black point of cereals ＊ Maria T. AMATULLI, Francesca FANELLI, Antonio MORETTI, Giuseppina MULÈ, Antonio F. LOGRIECO Research National Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Via Amendola 122/0 70126 Bari, Italy Key words : Alternaria; mycotoxins; wheat (Received January 25, 2013) Abstract Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by several fungal species and represent a great concern for the economical and healthy implications on food and feed chain. Cereals are the primary source of human diet, wheat being the third most produced grain worldwide. Although Fusarium still represents the main source of mycotoxin contamination of wheat, in recent years, due also to evident climate changes that influence agricultural environment, other mycotoxingenic fungi have been pointed out as important wheat contaminants. Among these a disease called “Black Point”, caused by Alternaria spp., is increasing it importance as re-emerging risk. Diseases and mycotoxins (alternariol, altenuene, alternariol methyl-ether and tenuazolic acid) associated with Alternaria infection have been reported in several countries suggesting to deepen the knowledge about this genus. This paper summarizes the recent findings on wheat contamination by Alternaria spp and their related toxins. Introduction Alternaria spp. are worldwide distributed mainly as saprophyte in soil or in rot plant materials. They are also reported as contaminants of food commodities as well as fungal pathogens of several important crops, including cereals, oil crops, ornamentals, vegetable and fruits1, 2). Economic losses on fruits and vegetable trade are strongly dependent on the nature of the disease; they are usually lower compared to other fungal diseases but in some case they can lead to consistent losses3).
    [Show full text]
  • Resistance in Spring Wheat to the Various Diseases Caused By
    Resistance in spring wheat to the various diseases caused by Cochliobolus sativus by Aftabuddin Ahmed A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Pathology Montana State University © Copyright by Aftabuddin Ahmed (1989) Abstract: Sixteen spring wheat cultivate were tested for their resistance to the various diseases caused by Cochliobolus sativus (Ito and Kurib.) Drechsl. ex Dastur. Five Montana isolates and four Bangladesh isolates of the fungus were used in whole plant inoculations in the Plant Growth Center and in laboratory tests using detached leaves. Sources of resistance were detected and identified for different phases of the disease. Ten cultivars were resistant to root rot, eight cultivars were resistant to foliar spot blotch, and six cultivars were resistant to head blight or black point. A number of cultivars showed differential reaction to various phases of the disease, e.g., were resistant to root rot but were susceptible to foliar spot blotch. Six cultivars, namely Marberg, GP248, GP253, GP254 and GP255, were resistant to all phases of the disease. The isolates tested differed significantly in pathogenicity, but considerable shifting in ranking occurred between experiments. Isolates obtained from roots were able to attack foliage/heads and vice versa. The isolates from Bangladesh did not have a higher temperature requirement than the USA isolates. Some cultivars were resistant to all isolates from both Bangladesh and the USA. The maximum disease development for root rot, foliar and head blight/black point phases occurred at 30°C with a 72 hour exposure to moist conditions. The disease reactions on detached leaves were not consistent with those on intact leaves.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Control of Leaf Blight of Wheat Caused by Bipolaris Sorokinian M.M
    Bull. Inst. Trop. Agr., Kyushu Univ. 39: 43-51, 2016 43 Biological control of leaf blight of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokinian M.M. Hossain1)*, I. Hossain2) and K. M. Khalequzzaman3) Abstract Five different plant extracts including neem (Azadirachta indica), mehedi (Lawsonia alba), garlic clove (Allium sativum), rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinales), seeds of black cumin (Nigella sativa), and BAU-Biofungicide (a Trichoderma based preparation) were used to evaluate the performance or effectiveness of those biological control agent on Bipolaris leaf blight of wheat and related pathogen (Bipolaris sorokiniana). Pathogenic reaction was observed in Bipolaris sorokiniana against different treatments by detached leaf method where leaf spot size was minimum (4.5mm) with BAU-Biofungicide and maximum leaf spot size (32.5mm) with control. Effect of seed treat- ment on wheat plant was evaluated by rolled paper towel method and BAU-Biofungicide, extracts of garlic clove and neem leaf at the value of 13%, 12% and 10%, respectively higher normal seedlings and BAU-Biofungicide also resulted 26.6% higher vigour index over control. Multiplication effect (seed treatment plus foliar spray of same treat- ment) of different treatments was examined to determine the efficacy for disease control. In pot and field experi- ments, though Bavistin and Tilt were most effective however, BAU-Biofungicide and extract of garlic clove were superior compared with the treatments used for controlling leaf blight of wheat. Multiplication effect of seed treat- ment plus foliar spray showed superior effect by BAU-Biofungicide including higher 1000-grain weight (43.92g) and grain yield (2.75 t/ha). Seed treatment with Bavistin and foliar spray with Tilt showed 1000-grain weight and grain yield by 47.12g and 3.0 t/ha, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • US EPA, Pesticide Product Label, Trivapro Fungicide,10/13/2020
    UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, DC 20460 OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION October 13, 2020 Adora Clark Fungicide Team Lead Syngenta Regulatory Affairs 410 Swing Rd. Greensboro, NC 27419-8300 Subject: Notification per PRN 98-10 – Addition of optional “Not for use in California” statements Product Name: Trivapro® Fungicide EPA Registration Number: 100-1613 Application Date: 8/24/2020 Decision Number: 566357 Dear Adora Clark: The Agency is in receipt of your Application for Pesticide Notification under Pesticide Registration Notice (PRN) 98-10 for the above referenced product. The Registration Division (RD) has conducted a review of this request for its applicability under PRN 98-10 and finds that the action requested falls within the scope of PRN 98-10. The label submitted with the application has been stamped “Notification” and will be placed in our records. Should you wish to add/retain a reference to the company’s website on your label, then please be aware that the website becomes labeling under the Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and is subject to review by the Agency. If the website is false or misleading, the product would be misbranded and unlawful to sell or distribute under FIFRA section 12(a)(1)(E). 40 CFR 156.10(a)(5) list examples of statements EPA may consider false or misleading. In addition, regardless of whether a website is referenced on your product’s label, claims made on the website may not substantially differ from those claims approved through the registration process. Therefore, should the Agency find or if it is brought to our attention that a website contains false or misleading statements or claims substantially differing from the EPA approved registration, the website will be referred to the EPA’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternaria Alternata (Fr.) Keissler] on Coriander and Its Management
    Effect of Culture Filtrate of Blight Pathogen [Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler] on Coriander and its Management >qylk jksxtud [vkWYVjusfj;k vkWYVjukVk ¼,Q-vkj-½ dhLyj] ds lao/kZu Nfu= dk /kfu;k ij izHkko ,oa mldk izca/ku Vishambhar Dayal Jat Thesis Master of Science in Agriculture (Plant Pathology) 2015 Department of Plant Pathology S.K.N. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, JOBNER-303329 SRI KARAN NARENDRA AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY, JOBNER Effect of Culture Filtrate of Blight Pathogen [Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler] on Coriander and Its Management >qylk jksxtud [vkWYVjusfj;k vkWYVjukVk ¼,Q-vkj-½ dhLyj] ds lao/kZu Nfu= dk /kfu;k ij izHkko ,oa mldk izca/ku Thesis Submitted to the Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science In the Faculty of Agriculture (Plant Pathology) By Vishambhar Dayal Jat 2015 Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner CERTIFICATE-I Dated :_______2015 This is to certify that Mr. Vishambhar Dayal Jat has successfully completed the comprehensive examination held on ----------2015 as required under the regulation for Master’s degree. (K.S. SHEKHAWAT) Professor & HEAD Department of Plant Pathology S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner CERTIFICATE-II Dated :________2015 This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Effect of Culture Filtrate of Blight Pathogen [Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler] on Coriander and its Management” submitted for the degree of Master of Science in the subject of Plant Pathology embodies bonafide research work carried out by Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternaria Leaf Blight of Barley Incidence in Benghazi District, Libya
    Alternaria leaf blight of barley incidence in Benghazi district, Libya Marei, M. Abdullah Plant production Department, faculty of agriculture, University of Benghazi. Received – September 9, 2020; Revision – October 12, 2020; Accepted – October 27, 2020; Available Online – November 10, 2020. * Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] (Marei, M. Abdullah) Abstract \ During the growing season (2019-2020), minute, irregular, and brown lesions appeared on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves. Therefore, the current experiment was conducted to accurately isolate and to identify the causative agent of leaf blight in barley's field in Benghazi plateaus. Results showed that Alternaria spp. was the causative agent based on morphological and cultural characters such as conidial color, septal enumeration, conidial dimension, and colony color on growth media. Detached leaf bioassay was used to fulfil pathogenicity test in vitro. Our finding suggests further studies should be directed to determine whether the fungus is a soil-borne or a seed-borne pathogen; hence, an effective disease management can be applied. Key words: Alternaria complex, barley, leaf blight, Libya. Introduction \ and bread, seeds and hay for feeding livestock, Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has been a central, and malting. Libya’s production of barley was and staple commodity crop in Libya with significantly low compared with other multiple usages including its grinded flour in neighboring countries’ yields, 160,000 tons in various traditional Libyan cuisines, viz. Bazine, 26 المجلة الليبية لوقاية النبات؛ العدد )Abdullah http://www.ljpp.org.ly 2020 )10 1997, therefore, the country relies completely on Material and methods \ importing barley grains from foreign market.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Wheat and Barley Entries for Foliar Blight Resistance
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(8): 4108-4117 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 08 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.708.427 Characterization of Wheat and Barley Entries for Foliar Blight Resistance Elangbam Premabati Devi* and S.I. Patel Wheat Research Station, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Vijapur 382 870, Mehsana, Gujarat, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The most economic way to manage the foliar blight of wheat is through resistance breeding. The present investigation was carried out to gather information about the hundred entries possessing resistant to spot blotch at field under epiphytotic condition of K e yw or ds 2016-17 crop season. Among twenty five entries of wheat, ten entries i.e. GW 322, GW 492, GDW 1255, Raj 4315, Raj 3765, VA 2015-30, VA 2015-41, JD 2015-18, VD 15-26, Alternaria triticina, and VD 2016-1 were found with no infection of foliar blight in all three stages hence their Bipolaris sorokiniana, values of AUDPC were zero. While, the highest score of foliar blight were recorded in two Leaf tip necrosis, Host varieties; Bansi and A-9-30-1 with 89 and 79 respectively, in hard dough stage. Among resistance barley entries, three entries viz., PL 751, VW 2016-7 and RD 2715 were associated with Article Info highest severity score ranging from 69 to 79 so categorized as moderately susceptible to susceptible reaction and their values of AUDPC were ranged from 1605 to 1672.5.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation on Defensive Enzymes Activity of Brassica Juncea Genotypes During Pathogenesis of Alternaria Blight
    Nature and Science, 2012;10(2) http://www.sciencepub.net/nature Investigation on defensive enzymes activity of Brassica juncea genotypes during pathogenesis of Alternaria blight Pankaj Singh Parihar, Om Prakash and H. Punetha* Department of Biochemistry College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Department of Chemistry College of Basic Sciences and Humanities G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145 (Uttarakhand) India. [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT: The investigation was carried out to know the biochemical basis of defense mechanism of seven Brassica juncea genotypes infected with Alternaria blight, under field conditions. Genotypes EC-399299, EC- 399296, EC-399313 and PHR-2 showed lowest percent Disease Severity Index. The activity of PAL, PPO, Peroxidase and Catalase were recorded at 65DAS, 25DPI and 50DPI. Biochemical analysis of infected genotypes revealed an increase in PAL, PPO and peroxidase activity. EC-399299, EC-399296 and PHR-2 exhibited maximum increase in these parameters. Catalase activity was decreased, with the progresses of disease. The activity of PAL, PPO, peoxidase and catalase were used as parameter to identify the resistant genotype for breeding programmes. The finding revealed that EC-399299, EC-399296, EC-399313 and PHR-2 are comparatively more resistance against infection of Alternaria brassicae then other observed genotypes and suggested that PAL, PPO and peroxidase may play an important role in under taking the defense mechanisms of Brassica juncea genotypes against Alerternaria blight pathogenesis. [Pankaj Singh Parihar, Om Prakash and H. Punetha. Investigation on defensive enzymes activity of Brassica juncea genotypes during pathogenesis of Alternaria blight. Nature and Science 2012;10(2):63-68].
    [Show full text]
  • 3. Diseases of Wheat Black Or Stem Rust
    3. Diseases of Wheat Black or stem rust - Puccinia graminis tritici Symptoms Symptoms are produced on almost all aerial parts of the wheat plant but are most common on stem, leaf sheaths and upper and lower leaf surfaces. Uredial pustules (or sori) are oval to spindle shaped and dark reddish brown (rust) in color. They erupt through the epidermis of the host and are surrounded by tattered host tissue. The pustules are dusty in appearance due to the vast number of spores produced. Spores are readily released when touched. Symptoms As the infection advances teliospores are produced in the same pustule. The color of the pustule changes from rust color to black as teliospore production progresses. If a large number of pustules are produced, stems become weakened and lodge. The pathogen attacks other host (barberry) to complete its life cycle. Symptoms are very different on this woody host. Other spores are Pycnia (spermagonia) produced on the upper leaf surface of barberry which appears as raised orange spots. Small amounts of honeydew that attracts insects are produced in this structure. Aecia, produced on the lower leaf surface, are yellow. They are bell-shaped and extend as far as 5 mm from the leaf surface. Brown or leaf rust - Puccinia triticina (P. recondita) Symptom The most common site for symptoms is on leaf blades, however, sheaths, glumes and awns may occasionally become infected and exhibit symptoms. Uredia are seen as small, circular orange blisters or pustules on the upper surface of leaves. Symptoms Orange spores are easily dislodged and may cover clothing, hands or implements.
    [Show full text]