Case Study of Pentingsari, Nglanggeran, and Penglipuran

Does the Context of MSPDM Analysis Relevant in Rural Tourism?: Case Study of Pentingsari, Nglanggeran, and Penglipuran

Setiawan Priatmoko1, Yitno Purwoko1 and Anwani1 1STIE Pariwisata API Yogyakarta

Keywords: MSPDM, CBT, Pentingsari, Nglanggeran, Penglipuran.

Abstract: This study aims to proof of the presence of variables in Marketing, Sustainability, Participation and Disaster Mitigation (MSPDM) based on research conducted in three tourist destination villages namely Nglanggeran in Gunung Kidul Regency, Pentingsari in Sleman Regency (both of them are located in Yogyakarta Special Province), and Penglipuran in Bangli District, Bali Province, Indonesia. MSPDM analysis is a new method as an alternative to SWOT analysis in community-based tourism planning and needs to be assesed before it becomes commonly understandable method. The methods in the MSPDM analysis quantitatively measure the variables of Marketing, Sustainability, Participation, and Disaster Mitigation from several locations. The searching for these variables is carried out on tourist attractions, existing facilities and infrastructure, and tourism potential that can be displayed in the development area.

1 INTRODUCTION begining, the MSPDM analysis specifically designed as an initial measurement instrument to determine the MSPDM analysis is the analysis used as alternative initial conditions of the development area. MSPDM for the SWOT analysis in facilitating decision making is also used for long-term development strategies and on tourism development (Purbadi, 2016). MSPDM monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of analysis focuses on calculating elements of Mar- its development (Purbadi, 2016) (Priatmoko, 2019). ketibility (M), Sustainability (S), Participation (P) and Disaster Mitigation (DM) (Priatmoko, 2018a). This analysis aims to avoid elements of bias on SWOT. 2 STUDY LOCATIONS SWOT depends on subjective views, avoids quantifi- cation, and lacks predictive capabilities (Ayub et al., 2013). This research was conducted to prove that 2.1 Pentingsari Village the elements of MSPDM are indeed real and become a concern for tourism managers who are con- Pentingsari hamlet located 22.5 km north of Yo- sidered good. The first step to ensuring the rele- gyakarta city, Indonesia at about 700 meters above vance of MSPDM analysis is to see the existence the sea level, at the sloop of Mt. Merapi, one of of the MSPDM aspects in several community-based the most active volcano on the planet. Pentingsari tourism (CBT) locations. The selected tourist lo- officially became a tourist village on April 15, 2008 cations are community-based destinations sites that based on the Sleman Regency Tourism Office’s dec- are considered good by competent tourism institu- laration. The community start activities as a rural tions. These locations are Nglanggeran tourism vil- tourism destination since May 15, 2008. Pentingsari lage in Gunung Kidul and Pentingsari Tourism Vil- tourism village can be referred as a tourist destination lage in Sleman, Yogyakarta which received the 2017 because there are components of accommodation and CBT Award by the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism activities associated with tourism activities. It brings (of Tourism, 2017). The third location is Penglipuran themes of agriculture life style, fresh nature, culture, village in Bali, which was awarded the cleanest vil- and friendly environment. Villagers still use conven- lage in the world in 2016 (of Tourism, 2017). How- tional tools from particular surrounding nature,which ever, data from the third location will only be con- should be very fascinating for those who are looking ducted by literature studies and online sources. At for a recognition to the indigenous people of early

Priatmoko, S., Purwoko, Y. and Anwani, . Does the Context of MSPDM Analysis Relevant in Rural Tourism?: Case Study of Pentingsari, Nglanggeran, and Penglipuran. DOI: 10.5220/0009857400150021 In Proceedings of the International Conference on Creative Economics, Tourism and Information Management (ICCETIM 2019) - Creativity and Innovation Developments for Global Competitiveness and Sustainability, pages 15-21 ISBN: 978-989-758-451-0 Copyright c 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved

ICCETIM 2019 - International Conference on Creative Economics, Tourism Information Management

(of Tourism, 2016). The village offers a deeper in- strategies for development area (Arsic´ et al., 2017). sight about local wisdom that’s solidly rooted within Because of these facts, MSPDM analysis offers some the people. Known as Dewi Peri, Pentingsari Tourism easier tools for rural destinations’ stake holders. Village assesed as one of the best tourist village desti- MSPDM Analysis is establishing and choosing nation in the Province of Yogyakarta Special Region. the attractions that already exist and the potential at- Until now, Pentingsari is still active as a tourist village tractions as contents that will be examined and dis- and receives visitors. closed quantively (Priatmoko, 2018b). Content analysis is the beginning action to specify the aspect and el- 2.2 Nglanggeran Village ements of Marketibility, Sustainability, Participation and Disaster Mitigation (MSPDM). Content analysis Nglanggeran Village is located at Patuk District, Gu- is a research procedure which permits the qualitative nungkidul Regency, D.I.Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data collected in research to be examined systemati- village starts their activities since 12th Mei 1999. cally and reliably so that generalizations can be made Their mascot and central attraction is Mount Api from them in connection to the classification of topic Purba. Mt. Api Purba Nglanggeran is also recognized to the researcher (Duran, 2013). The use of scores by UNESCO as one of Mt. Sewu’s Global Geopark based on the presence level of the MSPDM indicators sites. Nglanggeran’s uniqueness also comes with an will also facilitate easily for stakeholders to establish astonishing a 48-hectare mountain natural panorama of the basis planning area (Priatmoko, 2018b). Rural from Mt. Api Purba, or ’ancient volcano’ (of Tourism, tourism links tourism products, regions of rural recre- 2016). The main tourism attractions in Nglanggeran ation activities, based on the rural situations and can are ancient volcanic, pond and rural natural scenery be consolidated with the elements of cultural and live with numerous cocoa farms, rice field terraces and tourism (Pakurar et al., 2008). In Indonesia, mostly forests, flora – fauna such as rare plants, medicinal rural tourism activities formed as community-based plants and rare animals (ASEAN, 2018). tourism (CBT). Russel in Rindrasih stated CBT needs three aspects: (1) local community support and partic- 2.3 Penglipuran Village ipation; (2) community living at or near the destination advantage from the tourism activities; and (3) lo- Penglipuran is located in Bangli Regency, Bali cal community’s cultural recognition and natural sur- Province, Indonesia. Being one of the threecleanest roundings are well-preserved throughout the tourism in the whole planet, Penglipuran also one of the most activity (Rindrasih, 2018). placid, unpolluted, and peaceful area throughout the The community provide the visitor’s need. The whole country (of Tourism, 2017). Penglipuran Tra- visitors who stay in the homestay usually ask to fol- ditional Village has strong concern to the environ- low daily activities conducted by villagers (Pramanik ment, or eco-based tourism. This traditional village et al., 2019). Pentingsari, Nglanggeran, and Penglipu- is located in Bangli Regency, with an area of approxi- ran villages are considered as rural tourism desti- mately 112 ha (Sudiarta and Nurjaya, 2017). This tra- nations (Vitasurya, 2016)(Jemadu et al., 2016)(Pri- ditional village is a village that still maintains beliefs atmoko, 2017)(Rindrasih, 2018). From the tourism and cultural Bali elements (Rizfa and Amos, 2016). activities, poeple got some benefits. The society ad- The uniqueness and potential possessed by Penglipu- vantages may be distributed in cash money or more ran Village have been recognized and made a part as frequently as investments in local community assets tourist attraction since 1993 (Sulistyawati, 2014). (Goodwin et al., 2009). On the other hand, involving community members to make informed decisions about tourism development is important and be- 3 LITERATURE REVIEW come useable, relevant and understandable (Deuchar, 2012). The activities objectives conducted by peo- Applying SWOT for tourism place strategic planning ple in rural area in modern nowadays need to care could be a though assignment as there are many pos- about Marketibility, Sustainability, Participation and sible strategies derived from the assessment of envi- Disaster Mitigation (MSPDM), because aside from ronmental elements (Oreski, 2012). Involving com- being part of the daily activities of rural communities, munity members to make informed decisions about tourist villages also become business products that are tourism development is important and become use- sold to tourists ((Priatmoko, 2018a). For this reason, able, relevant and understandable (Deuchar, 2012). a balance is needed for the perpetrators, namely the SWOT and other modification of SWOT also need ex- village community and modern strategies as a busi- perts from related organizations to make an offering ness activity. That things related to product problems

16 Does the Context of MSPDM Analysis Relevant in Rural Tourism?: Case Study of Pentingsari, Nglanggeran, and Penglipuran

and marketing are the main concern of these activi- routinely coordinated in FORKOM Desa Wisata (the ties (Priatmoko, 2019). Sustainability aspects are also organization of the Tourism Village Communication the main thing from tourism village activities (Okech Forum). et al., 2015). Thus, in context of tourism industry For the location of Penglipuran village which the natural environment, culture, and also in the busi- only relies on literature studies and online informa- ness aspect should be sustain and preserve (Zhu et al., tion sources (news, social media feeds, and youtube 2017). Another interesting fact is tourism activities contens), researchers also interviewed tour guides become a business activities that are considered as from Yogyakarta who often visited and accompanied common bussines and involve many local communi- guests to Penglipuran village. The data then collected ties (Manaf et al., 2018). The trend of Community in a table to see in general the existence of MSPDM Based Tourism (CBT / Community Base Tourism) aspects. and its participation appeared in various regulatory treasures ranging from UNWTO to the level of local regulations even at the smallest level of community groups (of Tourism, 2011). The absence of an element 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS of community participation will immediately be a dif- ferentiator whether tourism activities in such a place From the aspects of marketing, Pentingsari, Nglang- are considered to be a CBT or just an ordinary private geran, and Penglipuran market determination target business (Gunawijaya et al., 2019). Another impor- is a group of students, cultural enthusiasts and free tant issue is the problem of disaster mitigation in the individual traveller (FIT). From the aspect of prod- tourist area (Priatmoko, 2018b). A related analysis uct, the villages consider uniqueness and originality is needed so tourism activities can be more mitigated of the local village which is considered as tourist at- from the start to reduce greater risks for tourists and tractions. Prices have been set firmly and the distribu- local managers (Susmayadi et al., 2014). Awareness tion of fees for third parties who bring business also of the importance of disaster mitigation is nedeed in be given. In the case of the distribution of tourism the community of the villages (McNamara and Des products is always available and spread to various par- Combes, 2015). It can be said that the elements of ties who are considered as potential markets. Promo- Marketing, Sustainability, Participation and Disaster tions on a range of tourism products also use a variety Mitigation are basically the necessary tools for man- of offline and online platforms even though there are aging a tourism village (Priatmoko, 2018a). differences in the stage of skill to use it. In sustainability aspects, all of three villages pay attention to the carrying capacity of each tourism product by determining the maximum visitor of each 4 METHODOLOGY service, place and attraction. Waste management is also carried out independently or in collaboration with The research method that researchers use in this re- other parties. Activity in environmental preserva- search is descriptive qualitative research methods. tion is considered important because the natural atmo- With this method researchers will make a systematic sphere is also part of the attractions in these villages. description or picture of how the role, enabling factors They also made various efforts to make tourist visits of tourism, and management of rural tourism in Mt. continue as repeated business. In the village, there Merapi area based on the facts. Researchers chose to is also a division of tasks that encourages business assesses the pressence of MSPDM focusing in Pent- development for each actor and community group. ingsari, Nglanggeran and Penglipuran village as the These actions are conducted through POKDARWIS three best of rural tourism destinations in Indone- (local community tourism group enthusiast) and tra- sia (ASEAN, 2018)(of Tourism, 2019). Data is ob- ditional background villager groups. In the Partici- tained through field observations, interviews, source patory aspect, the three villages pay attention to the searches, online news, and literature studies. following matters: 1. Mastery local resources in the The researchers interviewed the tourist village form of various property and intellectual property as- manager, and the people who were appointed as co- sets 2. Local accountability in the form of routine ordinators of the providers of destination elements meetings to report and evaluate activities that have included attractions, accommodation, and commu- been done as well as the results 3. local variety with nity leaders involved in village tourism activities. forms that match the uniqueness of each village. The understanding of respondens (from Pentingsari In the aspect of disaster mitigation, Disaster Man- and Nglanggeran villages) on the topics asked by agement, two types of disasters are grouped, namely: researchers was also relatively similar because they 1. Natural disasters in terms of the condition and

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history of regional disasters to be developed, for ex- Sustain -Tree - -Waste ample, earthquakes and/or tsunamis have occurred. ibility planting Cooperate manage- 2. Non-natural disasters especially for handling risks program with ment and that may arise for tourism products in the region. Es- -Waste state- preser- pecially for Pentingsari tourism village which is un- man- owned vation of der the foot of active volcano, the government reg- agement com- bamboo ularly disseminates information to remind the com- Inde- panies forests munity about the risk and the actions to be taken in pendent and large (Muli- an emergency (Rindrasih, 2018). In Nglanggeran, en- clean compa- awan, forcement efforts were carried out with the addition of water nies for 2018) - embankment in some areas with sloping landscapes treat- long- Customary to prevent landslide hazards (Hermawan, 2017). In ment - term rules that Penglipuran, the distribution of zones of spatial is car- Cooperate MOUs become ried out, place for all villages and space for houses with bussines agree- owned are deﬁned by residents to facilitate manage- state- - ments ment and mitigation (Priyoga and Sudarwani, 2018). owned Chocolate (Andayani The details of the MSPDM aspects of the three vil- com- planting et al., lages above can be illustrated in the following table: panies program 2017) - Table 1: Aspect and activities in rural destinations(Source: and large -Waste Restricted researcher analysis) compa- man- access Village Penting Nglang Penglipuran nies for agement for large As- sari geran long- Inde- vehicles pects term pendent in certain Marketi -Group -Group -F.I.T, MOUs clean areas - bility visitors visitors family bussines water Customary -Firmly -Firmly and small treat- rules Re- pricing pricing group ment garding and and visitor Archi- various various (Asteya tectural attrac- attrac- and Pa- design tions tions mungkas, (Rizfa and packages packages 2017) Amos, -Use of -Use of -Firmly 2016) social social pric- media - media - ing and Collabor Collabor various ation ation attractions with with packages other other -Collabor business business ation with body body other business body -The use of ofﬂine media is more dominant (Asteya and Pa- mungkas, 2017)

18 Does the Context of MSPDM Analysis Relevant in Rural Tourism?: Case Study of Pentingsari, Nglanggeran, and Penglipuran

Particip -Using - -Speciﬁc From the table above it appears that the elements atory products Chocolate culinary of MSPDM always appear in the locations of ad- from ingre- products vanced tourist villages. This shows that the attention local dient and local of the local community to the aspects of MSPDM agri- products recipes has brought progress to the activities of tourism vil- culture from (loloh lages. The local people’s attention and actions are farmer local cem-cem) very planned and measurable and can be seen in these -Local farmer aspects. In the marketing aspect, they do things based archi- -Local on the marketing mix theory. Product, price, place, tectural archi- promotion, people, process, and physical evidence are Design tectural relatively considered and packaged in tourism busi- (Joglo Design ness standards. In sustainability aspects, the elements style) -Workers carrying capacity of tourism products, waste treat- -Workers from ment, conservation of the environment, the continu- from local ity of tourist visits, and business development actors local res- residents and local related groups appear from their concern idents - in maintaining the environment and bussines sustain- decoration ability of their villages. They even want to use the hy- made giene standards for existing facilities. The local com- from muntiies also conducted long-term business relation- young ship by making of the MOU. In the Participatory as- coconut pect, there are elements of the main role by local com- leaf munities, responsible for local accountability, focus -speciﬁc -Local ar- in local variety manifested in the use of resources and visitor chitectural various forms of architecture, performances, and typ- activities design ical foods. For the Disaster Mitigation aspect they fo- (rock and cus on natural disasters (e.g.:volcano eruption, land- climbing spatial slide), and non-natural disasters. They pay attention and patterns to food safety, health and safety standards also pro- home (Priyoga vide evacuation routes. made and Su- choco- darwani, late 2018) show) 6 CONCLUSIONS Disaster -Volcano - - Tourism villages who get the best predicate as rural Miti- eruption Hygienic Determining destination pay attention to the MSPD aspects even gation evac- stan- zones ac- though in the form of different activities according to uation dards cording the characteristics of the village. The use of MSPDM warn- for food to area analysis is easily seen by its existence and can reduce ing & products functions subjectivity in assessing a development plan as well routes - -Build (Rizfa and as evaluating the current period of a development pro- Hygienic landslide Amos, gram. It will guide to objectively, measurably, and stan- retaining 2016) consistently assesment. Furthermore, the regional de- dards for embank- -Provide velopment program will be determined based on the toilets ment - health analysis of the initial. The conditions of the MSPDM Evacuation clinics value also can be expected to be measurable and eas- route (Andayani ily evaluated. The present research was limited to et al., three cases studies; therefore, further research should 2017) be conducted to establish a complete understanding of MSPDM in another form of rural tourism activity.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 12th Biennial Conference of Hospitality and Tourism Industry in Asia. Atlantis Press. This research is funded by the Ministry of Re- Manaf, A., Purbasari, N., Damayanti, M., Aprilia, N., and search, Technology, and Higher Education of Indone- Astuti, W. (2018). Community-based rural tourism sia through Program Penelitian Dosen Pemula (PDP) in inter-organizational collaboration: How does it work sustainably? lessons learned from nglanggeran 2019. We would like to express our greatest gratitude tourism village, gunungkidul regency, yogyakarta, in- to STIE Pariwisata API (STIEPAR API) Yogyakarta donesia. Sustainability, 10(7):2142. and all member of research who have been involved Muliawan, I. W. (2018). Kearifan masyarakat desa and friends who have supported this research. penglipuran kabupaten bangli dalam melestarikan tanaman bambu dan aplikasinya sebagai bahan ban- gunan. PADURAKSA: Jurnal Teknik Sipil Universitas Warmadewa, 6(1):34–43. REFERENCES of Tourism, M. 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