WEARMOUTH-JARROW WORLD HERITAGE STATUS.Doc

Item No. 14

CABINET MEETING – 6 OCTOBER 2010

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SHEET – PART I

Title of Report: WEARMOUTH-JARROW WORLD HERITAGE STATUS

Author(s): Executive Director of City Services

Purpose of Report: The purpose of this report is to advise Cabinet Members of the development of the Nomination of Wearmouth-Jarrow for World Heritage Status and to achieve the co- ordinated endorsement of the Nomination to support its submission to the Department of Culture Media and Sport.

Description of Decision Cabinet Members are requested to: i) Note the activity relating to World Heritage. ii) Endorse the nomination of the Twin Anglo Saxon Monastery of Wearmouth- Jarrow, by the UK government, to the World Heritage List. iii) Give approval to the Executive Director of City Services, in consultation with the Member with Portfolio for Safer City, to exercise his rights under delegated powers for the Nomination File to go forward (as the UK’s Official Nomination) to the Secretary of State in December 2010 who subsequently submits to UNESCO in January 2011. Is the decision consistent with the Budget/Policy Framework? Yes

If not, Council approval is required to change the Budget/Policy Framework Suggested reason(s) for Decision: The Nomination will be submitted to the Department for Culture Media and Sport as preparation for it becoming the UK’s official nomination to UNESCO in January 2011. In approving this nomination, the Secretary of State must be assured that the partners to the nomination stand foursquare behind it and endorse it. This report seeks that endorsement on behalf of Sunderland City Council.

Building on the City Council’s active engagement in and support for the Wearmouth- Jarrow Partnership since 2002, such an endorsement is an enabling action by the City Council which demonstrates its contemporary commitment to the Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership in submitting the Nomination to DCMS for onward submission as the UK’s sole nomination for 2011.

Members should note that actions within the Wearmouth-Jarrow Management Plan will be subject to a value-for-money assessment, as detailed estimates of these costs cannot be predicted at this stage of the project. Any future financial commitment will be identified and included in the Council’s annual budget planning and medium term financial planning process and managed through the Council’s involvement in the Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership.

A list of the seven actions outlined in the Management Plan, which relate to Sunderland City Council, is contained in Appendix III. Alternative options to be considered and recommended to be rejected: The alternative option would be for the Council not to endorse the Nomination, which will be submitted, via English Heritage, to the DCMS by the Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership. At this stage, this would compromise the submission of the Twin Anglo Saxon Monastery of Wearmouth-Jarrow as the UK’s sole nomination for 2011.

Is this a “Key Decision” as Relevant Scrutiny Committee: defined in the Constitution? Yes Sustainable Communities

Is it included in the Forward Plan? Yes CABINET 6 OCTOBER 2010 REPORT OF EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF CITY SERVICES WEARMOUTH-JARROW WORLD HERITAGE STATUS

1.0 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

1.1 To advise Cabinet Members of the development of the Nomination of Wearmouth-Jarrow for World Heritage Status and to achieve the co-ordinated endorsement of the Nomination to support its submission to the Department of Culture Media and Sport.

2.0 DESCRIPTION OF DECISION (Recommendations)

2.1 Cabinet Members are requested to:

i) Note the activity relating to World Heritage.

ii) Endorse the nomination of the Twin Anglo Saxon Monastery of Wearmouth-Jarrow, by the UK government, to the World Heritage List.

iii) Give approval to the Executive Director of City Services, in consultation with the Member with Portfolio for Safer City, to exercise his rights under delegated powers for the Nomination File to go forward (as the UK’s Official Nomination) to the Secretary of State in December 2010 who subsequently submits to UNESCO in January 2011

3.0 INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND

3.1 The World Heritage List includes 911 properties, in 148 countries, forming part of the cultural and natural heritage, which the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO considers as having Outstanding Universal Value.

3.2 Five attributes have been developed which express the Outstanding Universal Value of Wearmouth-Jarrow: • The visible remains of the Anglo-Saxon monastic building complexes, with their exceptional examples of 7 th Century stone carving, • The relationship between the twin monastery and its estuarine settings, linking the sites by sea and placing the monastery at the heart of a trading community, • The in-situ excavated remains of the Anglo-Saxon monastic complex, • The layout – setting out a pattern which was to dominate mediaeval monastery building in Europe, • Further potential archaeological remains.

3.3 This Property is also particularly rich in associative attributes, which substantially augment understanding of its Outstanding Universal Value: • The legacy of knowledge and understanding derived from the work of the monastery, exemplified by Bede’s work and influence, • The rich combination of the in-situ remains, archaeological collections and documentary evidence from the twin monastery, which together provide a superlative description of its life 1300 years ago.

3.4 Sunderland City Council is a founder member of the Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership. The bid for World Heritage Status (WHS) for the twin Anglo Saxon monastery of Wearmouth-Jarrow is directed by the partnership’s Management Group which is chaired by the Bishop of Jarrow. Membership of this, and other related groups, includes the Chief Executive and Officers from the City Council. A range of disciplines from within the City Council are represented throughout the Partnership structure, including Culture and Tourism, Conservation, Planning, Corporate Communications and Finance.

3.5 Pursuing and achieving World Heritage Status for the twin monastery is at the heart of Sunderland’s strategic ambitions. It is a key enabler to Aim 3 of the City’s Economic Masterplan: to achieve ‘A prosperous and well connected waterfront city centre’ and underpins Aim 5 of the Sunderland Strategy (2008-25).

3.6 Other partner organisations include South Tyneside Council, the Parishes of Jarrow and Monkwearmouth, Diocese of Durham, Bede’s World, the National Glass Centre, Tyne and Wear Museums, English Heritage, the University of Sunderland and ONE North East.

3.7 Sunderland City Council is represented at each level in the Partnership’s governance structure, with a particular focus on producing the Nomination File through chairing the Document Working Group and providing project support across its Task Groups.

3.8 Nominations to the World Heritage List are made by the relevant state party – in this case the UK government. If the Partnership is able to secure inscription, as the UK nomination for 2011, it will bring increased awareness and footfall for the twin monastery of Wearmouth-Jarrow as a focus for tourism, inward investment, study and regeneration.

4.0 CURRENT POSITION

4.1 Following a delay in submitting earlier nominations, the Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) has announced that Wearmouth-Jarrow will be nominated by the UK in 2011 for World Heritage Status. Nominations have to be made to UNESCO before 1 February in the Nomination year and the UK is only allowed one Nomination per year.

4.2 In order to achieve inscription, a Nomination File must be submitted. This contains a Nomination Document which sets out the specialist case for inscription, along with a Management Plan which explains how the agencies responsible for the site will work together to manage it.

4.3 After extensive public consultation in 2009, the Nomination File has been edited and further developed by the Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership. The Partnership has worked closely with English Heritage and ICOMOS UK, as advisors to DCMS to prepare the Nomination File for submission.

4.4 A final, complete draft has been prepared and was transmitted to English Heritage on 1 October 2010, subject to its advisory amendment and authorisation, prior to consideration and finalisation by the Secretary of State for Culture Media and Sport in December 2010.

4.5 The Executive Summaries of both documents, which themselves form part of the Nomination File, are appended (I & II). The full document will be available on the Council’s intranet site from 1 October 2010.

5.0 REASONS FOR DECISION

5.1 The Nomination will be submitted to the Department for Culture Media and Sport as preparation for it becoming the UK’s official nomination to UNESCO in January 2011. In approving this nomination, the Secretary of State must be assured that the partners to the nomination stand foursquare behind it and endorse it. This report seeks that endorsement on behalf of Sunderland City Council.

5.2 Building on the City Council’s active engagement in and support for the Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership since 2002, such an endorsement is an enabling action by the City Council which demonstrates its contemporary commitment to the Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership in submitting the Nomination to DCMS for onward submission as the UK’s sole nomination for 2011.

5.3 Members should note that actions within the Wearmouth-Jarrow Management Plan will be subject to a value-for-money assessment, as detailed estimates of these costs cannot be predicted at this stage of the project. Any future financial commitment will be identified and included in the Council’s annual budget planning and medium term financial planning process and managed through the Council’s involvement in the Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership.

5.4 A list of the seven actions outlined in the Management Plan, which relate to Sunderland City Council, is contained in Appendix III.

6.0 ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS

6.1 The alternative option would be not to endorse the Nomination, which will be submitted, via English Heritage, to the DCMS by the Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership. At this stage, this would compromise the submission of the Twin Anglo Saxon Monastery of Wearmouth-Jarrow as the UK’s sole nomination for 2011.

7.0 GLOSSARY

7.1 ICOMOS-UK International Council on Monuments and Sites (UK) UNESCO United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation DCMS Department of Culture, Media and Sport

8.0 LIST OF APPENDICES

8.1 Appendix I – Nomination File - Nomination Document Executive Summary Appendix II – Nomination File - Management Plan Executive Summary Appendix III – Nomination File - Management Plan Actions associated with Sunderland City Council (Currently v14. Available in v15, 1 October 2010).

9.0 BACKGROUND PAPERS

9.1 There were no background papers used to compile the report. Appendix I – Nomination File - Nomination Document Executive Summary

World Heritage Nomination for the twin monastery of Wearmouth-Jarrow

State Party

United Kingdom

State, Province or Region

England, Tyne and Wear Sunderland City and South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough

Name of Property

The twin monastery of Wearmouth-Jarrow

Geographical Co-ordinates of the Property

Name Region Latitude Longitude

Wearmouth Sunderland City 54º 54’ 48” N 1º 22’ 29” W

Jarrow South Tyneside 54º 58’ 49” N 1º 28’ 20” W Metropolitan Borough

Description of the boundaries of the Property

Wearmouth monastic complex boundary

The Boundary of the Nominated Property at Wearmouth includes Monkwearmouth Anglo- Saxon monastery and medieval priory scheduled ancient monument, and St. Peter’s church (a Grade 1 listed building of special architectural or historic interest). It was drawn to include all known Anglo-Saxon archaeological and architectural survivals. The earliest Anglo-Saxon buildings associated with the Property are known to extend for some 40 metres to the south of the church building. Early cemeteries are also known to the east and north of the church.

Jarrow monastic complex boundary

At Jarrow, the Boundary of the Nominated Property encompasses St Paul’s monastery and village of Jarrow scheduled ancient monuments, and St Paul’s church (a Grade 1 listed building of special architectural or historic interest). It follows the banks of the River Don to the east and south, including the middle Saxon river walls, and the low promontory to the east of the church containing the site of the early Anglo-Saxon cemetery and workshops.

Historic maps show that south of the River Don was an area of salt marshes, which, at the time when the monastery was founded, would have formed a likely natural boundary. To the east of the monastery lay Jarrow Slake, a large area of navigable inter-tidal mudflats; again a likely natural boundary.

The north boundary of the Property includes 18th-century Grade II Listed Jarrow Hall, situated on a natural high point. Archaeological excavations on Anglo-Saxon sites broadly analogous to Jarrow demonstrate that the area between this high ground and the church, now occupied by the open space of Drewett’s Park, is where domestic buildings are likely to have been sited. Archaeological survey in 2009 has confirmed the likely presence of domestic buildings associated with the seventh century monastery, as yet unexcavated.

Appendix I - 1 The western edge is bounded by a line identifiable on historic maps as a field boundary, possibly preserving an earlier land division.

Justification

Summary Statement of Outstanding Universal Value

• The twin monastery of Wearmouth-Jarrow, founded in the late seventh century AD on estuarine sites in the north east of England looking out to the North Sea coast and the wider world, is a milestone in the development of Christian Europe. Its architectural remains in the original monastic churches and associated archaeological complexes, exceptional both in quality and quantity, provide a visible link between the past world of Classical antiquity and the coming world of the European Middle Ages. In its design, it was a key stepping-stone on the way to the greater formalisation of monastic layouts, which accompanied the development of written monastic rules across Europe during the course of the next century, which would come to dominate medieval European society.

• The outstanding library and teaching assembled at Wearmouth-Jarrow by Benedict Biscop and his colleague and successor Ceolfrith, and its scholarly ethos, were unlike anything else available in its day. Particularly through the prolific and wide-ranging works of its most renowned thinker, Bede, Wearmouth-Jarrow at its apex became the primary intellectual centre of Western Europe, the scriptorium developing a faster script in order to keep up with demand from across Europe for copies of its scholarly output.

• The founders of Wearmouth-Jarrow and the scholarly ideas of Bede created a gateway for the ideas of late antiquity to enter the emerging early medieval world: through Wearmouth- Jarrow the skills and learning of late antiquity centred on the Mediterranean Sea, and the ideas of the early Christian world were not only translated to the northern limits of the emerging literate world, but combined, developed, remodelled and expanded, then exported back to Europe and beyond.

The monastery’s founder, Northumbrian nobleman Benedict Biscop, travelled extensively across Europe investigating new influences in monastic rules, architectural styles, music, liturgy and art. An early example of design for the communal, rather than the eremitical style of living, his foundation became the greatest centre of learning in the northern world, in touch with contemporary European scholarship and visited by European scholars.

Biscop’s creative thinking and drive to create a superlative institution was to set Wearmouth- Jarrow apart from other contemporary monastic houses. Biscop chose to build in stone and ‘in the Roman manner’, employing the best available craftsmen from Gaul. This was at a time when Roman craftsmanship in Britain had been largely forgotten and the local population built in timber. Both the buildings where the monks lived and worked and the monastic churches were richly decorated. Biscop built on a grand scale, with royal support, on an impressive monastic estate more than ten times the size of other recent foundations in the locality.

Wearmouth-Jarrow is the earliest surviving example of a monastery constructed in a Roman style for the communal Benedictine-type monasticism. This supplanted other forms such as Celtic styles of monasticism, based on communities of hermits living in individual cells. The buildings and monastic plan preserve above and below ground the layout of the liturgical heart of a seventh-century communal monastery to an unparalleled extent. Its degree of survival is almost unique north of the Alps: at other sites of comparable date, later rebuilding has wholly or largely obliterated the earliest phases of the monastic plan.

Some of the most significant potential candidates for comparison were excavated too early in the history of archaeology for appropriate techniques to have been applied and adequate records made. At Wearmouth-Jarrow, evidence has been interrogated with care, and fully published. The result is an exceptional sharpness of focus: investigation of the rich archaeological remains has brought to light evidence of much of the detail of the buildings of Biscop’s foundation, and made it possible to see the surviving central churches of the Property within the context of a thriving Anglo-Saxon monastery. There is also considerable potential Appendix I - 2 for future archaeological research to further develop understanding of the monastic plan at this early date.

The setting of the twin monastery, by natural harbours near to the mouths of the Rivers Tyne and Wear, and surrounded by water (which surrounded three sides of Jarrow and two of Wearmouth), can still be readily appreciated today.

Extant contemporary documents written at the Wearmouth-Jarrow foundation itself confirm Benedict Biscop’s vision. Much of this record is the work of its most famous inhabitant the monk and scholar the Venerable Bede. Bede joined the community aged seven as the buildings were still being completed, and spent his whole life at Wearmouth-Jarrow. His Lives of the Abbots of Wearmouth- Jarrow and Ecclesiastical History of the English People give an unrivalled first-hand account, for this early date, of the life of the monastery.

Bede flourished in this environment. His prolific output included not only his great historical works, but also wide-ranging, innovative works on a great variety of other subjects including theology, astronomy, science, music and language. His work was to become a bedrock of the European academic curriculum for centuries to follow. It has earned Bede scholarly recognition as a Doctor of the Universal Church, the highest possible scholarly accolade conferred by the Catholic Church. Bede is one of only 33 people, and the first and only English person, ever to have been given this honour, and one of only 17 (who died before the Great Schism of 1054) to be venerated also by the Eastern Orthodox Church.

By recognising Bede in this way, Pope Leo XIII, in 1899, endorsed the statement of the Italian scholar Cardinal Bellarmine (1542-1621) summarising the breadth of Bede’s intellectual contribution: ‘Bede illuminated the West, Damascus the East’.

Without the resources and the communal and intellectual environment of Wearmouth-Jarrow, Bede’s great achievements would simply not have been possible.

The monastic complex of Wearmouth-Jarrow exhibits an outstanding combination and quality of well-investigated and understood physical remains, from a religious and scholarly foundation of great significance to the development of western Christianity and European scholarship. This, combined with the existence of contemporary documentary evidence, provides a more vivid understanding of seventh-century monasticism and learning than would be possible from one form of evidence alone, and makes Wearmouth-Jarrow a key to understanding this relatively little evidenced but highly significant period of European development.

Criteria under which the property is nominated

Summary

The considerable surviving monastic complex at Wearmouth-Jarrow was founded in a transitional period during which Christianity was gaining wider acceptance and developing new forms across Europe. It provides evidence of the arrival in Britain and development in Europe in the seventh century of ordered, communal monasticism, and the revival of the Roman style of architecture and is an early and formative example of the cloister layout which became standard in Europe north of the Alps during the next millennium.

Criterion (iii) requires that a Property should bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or civilisation which is living or which has disappeared.

Appendix I - 3 Summary

The surviving monastic complex at Wearmouth-Jarrow provides an exceptional testimony to the cultural tradition of Western European Christian monasticism at an early, formative stage.

Criterion (iv) requires that a Property should be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates a significant stage in human history

Summary

The complex at Wearmouth-Jarrow is an outstanding early example of a monastic foundation, purpose-built for communal living and scholarship at a formative period for Europe north of the Alps during its transition from Classical antiquity, dominated by the culture and learning of Greece and Rome, to the emerging Christian European Middle Ages. This style of monastic plan is the forerunner of what came to be the dominant form, which is evident elsewhere at the later sites of the Carolingian Renaissance, such as ninth-century Lorsch in Germany and St Gall in Switzerland, and later medieval monasteries such as Fountains Abbey in England

Criterion (vi) requires that a Property should be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, or with artistic and literary works of outstanding significance.

Summary

Wearmouth-Jarrow is directly associated with the ideas and scholarship of the Venerable Bede, who spent his whole life from the age of seven in the twin monastery. Bede was a polymath. He became the intellectual giant of his age, and one of the most influential European thinkers of the first millennium AD.

Summary of Integrity

Integrity is a measure of the wholeness and intactness of the Nominated Property and the attributes which assess its Outstanding Universal Value. The Nominated Property is complete, in that all of the physical attributes necessary to express its Outstanding Universal Value are entirely contained within its Boundary, including the known physical remains above and below ground and the extant monastic plan. These formed the liturgical heart of the monastery and contain the area from which evidence for technological innovation was recovered, all dating to Bede’s lifetime. Its estuarine setting can be readily appreciated and is protected by the buffer zone. The Property is of adequate size, as there are no known physical remains of the monastic complex which fall outside the designated Boundary. The Property is outstanding not only because it was exceptional in its own day, but that it survives at all: tangible remains of documented western churches of this era have usually been erased by later rebuilding, but here, extant original fabric survives in the churches, still in their original use over thirteen centuries after their foundation. Within the Boundary, all known architectural and archaeological survivals are protected through national designations. Although both sites are situated within urban areas where there is inevitably some development pressure, local planning frameworks contain policies to ensure the protection of the Property’s Outstanding Universal Value. The twin monastery sat originally within a built environment, including buildings for liturgy, learning, cultural development and domestic needs, and that context remains today.

Summary of Authenticity

The authenticity of the Nominated Property, being the extent to which information sources about its values are credible and true, has been assessed against the attributes which express its Outstanding Universal Value. The estuarine location and setting of the monastery has not changed, although through time the surrounding areas have inevitably changed and developed. The surviving above ground structures remain remarkably intact for their period, and preserve a significant amount of original fabric. The substantial below-ground remains

Appendix I - 4 have a very high degree of authenticity, and show that the basic plan of both monasteries is clear and survives well. The vast quantity of surviving copies of Bede’s works distributed across the world are highly persuasive evidence of legacy of knowledge and understanding of the Nominated Property, and the rich combination of surviving physical and documentary evidence vividly illustrates the context in which this astonishing contribution to knowledge occurred.

Management and protection

The Property is managed by the Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership, which brings together all partner organisations with responsibility for managing the various elements of the Property, under the chairmanship of the Bishop of Jarrow. The Management Group is the overall steering group responsible for the management of the Property, and has representation from all partners. There are also a number of Working Groups who inform the management group of specialist issues related to the Property. Established in 2002, the Partnership can demonstrate a considerable track record of holistically managing the Property, and working together to develop a number of initiatives. Dedicated co-ordination staffing for the Property has been in place since 2003; the current co-ordination unit consists of a Co-ordinator and Assistant. The Management Group and co-ordination unit are responsible for the implementation of the Management Plan (2010-16), which has been developed through extensive consultation with the partner organisations, management and working groups, wider stakeholders and the public.

The majority of the Property is safeguarded through a range of protective designations, and it is also protected through the UK development control system together with the ecclesiastical faculty system. Protective designations and measures are found in Ecclesiastical Law supported by church guidance, primary legislation (Acts of Parliament), and other conservation legislation. It is supplemented by national and local government policy.

Scheduled monuments are given the highest level of protection from the Scheduled Ancient Monuments of National Importance - Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 (as amended). There are three scheduled monuments within the Property: Monkwearmouth Anglo-Saxon Monastery and Medieval Priory, St Paul’s Monastery, Jarrow and The Village of Jarrow. There are four listed structures or buildings in the Property and seven in the buffer zone which are protected by the Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas: Planning Act 1990. The attributes of the Property’s Outstanding Universal Value in buffer zone and wider setting, including key views and archaeological potential, are protected through the emerging Local Development Frameworks.

In addition to this, the property has two sites which are Sites of Nature Conservation Interest. The Jarrow Slake Mudflats and the River Don Salt Marsh in Jarrow are both candidate Local Wildlife Sites and when formally approved will be protected by The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended).

Appendix I - 5 Appendix II – Nomination File - Management Plan Executive Summary

WEARMOUTH-JARROW

Management Plan Executive Summary

A World Heritage Site

‘Our cultural and natural heritage is an irreplaceable source of life and inspiration. It is our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations.’ - UNESCO

World Heritage Properties have great natural or cultural significance. A Property can be nominated by the state in which it is located to UNESCO for consideration for World Heritage Status New applications are assessed every year for their suitability to be inscribed on the World Heritage List. In 2010 there were 911 World Heritage Sites of cultural, natural or mixed properties. The Wearmouth-Jarrow Property The Wearmouth-Jarrow nomination includes all of the known standing and buried remains of two 7 th -century monastic complexes, which functioned as a single institution. It is outstanding because of the quality and quantity of surviving below and above ground 7 th -century remains. Its association with Bede, Biscop and Bede’s teacher Ceolfrith makes it one of the most influential monastic sites in Europe. The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership A partnership of organisations involved with the management of various elements of the Property today have come together to seek Nomination of Wearmouth-Jarrow for World Heritage Status, and develop this Management Plan to ensure effective, co-ordinated management and protection of the Property for the future. The purpose of the Management Plan The Management Plan aims to sustain the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the Wearmouth-Jarrow Property for present and future generations. Significance of the Nominated Property A statement of Outstanding Universal Value has been developed to encapsulate the significance of Wearmouth-Jarrow.

• The twin monastery of Wearmouth-Jarrow, founded in the late seventh century AD on estuarine sites in the north-east of England looking out to the North Sea coast and the wider world, is a milestone in the development of Christian Europe. Its architectural remains in the original monastic churches and associated archaeological complexes, exceptional both in quality and quantity, provide a visible link between the past world of Classical antiquity and the coming world of the European Middle Ages. In its design, it was a key stepping stone on the way to the greater formalisation of monastic layouts which accompanied the development of written monastic rules across Europe during the course of the next century, which would come to dominate medieval European society. • The outstanding library and teaching assembled at Wearmouth-Jarrow by Benedict Biscop and his colleague and successor Ceolfrith, and its scholarly ethos, were unlike anything else available in its day. Particularly through the prolific and wide-ranging works of its most renowned thinker, Bede, Wearmouth-Jarrow at its apex became the primary intellectual centre of Western Europe, the scriptorium developing a faster script in order to keep up with demand from across Europe for copies of its scholarly output.

Appendix II - 1

UNESCO criteria under which the property is nominated for inscription

Criterion (ii) requires that the Nominated Property should exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town planning or landscape design. The considerable surviving monastic complex at Wearmouth-Jarrow was founded in a transitional period during which Christianity was gaining wider acceptance and developing new forms across Europe. It provides evidence of the arrival in Britain and development in Europe in the seventh century of ordered, communal monasticism, and the revival of the Roman style of architecture and is an early and formative example of the cloister layout which became standard in Europe north of the Alps during the next millennium. Criterion (iii) requires that a Property should bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or civilisation which is living or which has disappeared. The surviving monastic complex at Wearmouth-Jarrow provides an exceptional testimony to the cultural tradition of Western European Christian monasticism at an early, formative stage. Criterion (iv) requires that a Property should be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates a significant stage in human history The complex at Wearmouth-Jarrow is an outstanding early example of a monastic foundation, purpose- built for communal living and scholarship at a formative period for Europe north of the Alps during its transition from Classical antiquity, dominated by the culture and learning of Greece and Rome, to the emerging Christian European Middle Ages. This style of monastic plan is the forerunner of what came to be the dominant form, which is evident elsewhere at the later sites of the Carolingian Renaissance, such as ninth-century Lorsch in Germany and St Gall in Switzerland, and later medieval monasteries such as Fountains Abbey in England. Criterion (vi) requires that a Property should be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, or with artistic and literary works of outstanding significance . Wearmouth-Jarrow is directly associated with the ideas and scholarship of the Venerable Bede, who spent his whole life from the age of seven in the twin monastery. Bede was a polymath. He became the intellectual giant of his age, and one of the most influential European thinkers of the first millennium AD.

Key management issues and priorities The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership’s vision for the twin monastery of Wearmouth-Jarrow, which, through Bede, illuminated the world, is to conserve and enhance the Property and the legacy of Bede to inspire present and future generations through improved understanding of the significance of the twin monastery in the history of the world, and to contribute to the wellbeing of the local community. The vision will be achieved through five strategic aims: • Co-ordinated management of the property • Conserving the property and its significances

Appendix II - 2 • Influencing change in the property’s buffer zone and wider setting • Enhancing understanding of the property • Increasing use and enjoyment of the property There are 21 objectives across the five strategic aims. There are a number of key opportunities and issues facing the Property. The objectives are addressed through the detailed action plan. Aims and policies The management plan sets out a number of objectives and policies to address the key issues and achieve the five strategic aims. THEME 1: CO-ORDINATED MANAGEMENT OF THE PROPERTY Objective 1a: Ensure effective and co-ordinated governance and management of the Property. Policy P1a.1 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will manage the Property to protect its Outstanding Universal Value, attributes and other values, and ensure that management reflects developments in the understanding of the Property through ongoing research. Policy P1a.2 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partners are committed to continue to work together to co-ordinate management of the Property, ensure effective Property management, use of Partnership resources and keep under regular review the Partnership structure and Risk Register. Policy P1a.3 - The Partnership will, during the lifespan of this Management Plan, consider the desirability of creating a more formalised legal structure to facilitate improved Property Management. Objective 1b: Effective management of the Property will be ensured through the development and implementation of the Management Plan, proper monitoring and review, engaging local communities and working in partnership with stakeholders. Policy P1b.1 - Partner organisations will ensure that the Management Plan feeds into spatial planning documents, business and other relevant strategic plans. Policy P1b.2 - The Management Plan sets the framework for the actions of the Wearmouth- Jarrow Partnership Management Group, Working Groups and Co-ordinator. Policy P1b.3 - The Partnership will continue to ensure that the monitoring system for the Property is adequately resourced and primarily focused on protecting the attributes of its Outstanding Universal Value. The Co-ordinator and Partner organisations will monitor this through the management plan and the agreed indicators, and provide an annual monitoring report to the Management Group. Policy P1b.4 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will review the Management Plan every six years, taking into account the results of monitoring the implementation of the current Management Plan. Policy P1b.5 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership is committed to work with stakeholder organisations and communities, and continue its outreach programmes, to improve Property management and encourage participation in decisions which affect the Property and its stakeholders.

Appendix II - 3 Objective 1c: Continue to secure resources for the management, conservation and promotion of the Property and its use for public benefit Policy P1c.1 - The Partnership is committed to finding the resources to continue to support the Co-ordinator and Assistant and, during the lifetime of this Plan, to explore the possible establishment of a Co-ordination Unit. Policy P1c.2 - The Partnership will continue to take corporate responsibility for supporting and working with the Co-ordinator to implement the Management Plan, and ensure that services such as secretariat and financial management are provided to the Co-ordinator, Management Groups and Working Groups. Policy P1c.4 - The Partnership will ensure that services such as secretariat and financial management are provided to the Property Co-ordinator, Management Groups and Working Groups. Policy P1c.5 - The Resources Working Group will assist the Management Group in identifying and securing the resources required for the co-ordinated management of the Property, its conservation, capital and operation costs and optimisation of wider public benefit, in line with its funding strategy. Objective 1d: Continue to develop and support the participation of volunteers in managing the Property and communicating its Outstanding Universal Value, to increase and extend the already significant volunteer contribution. Policy P1d.1 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will continue to develop an active community of volunteers across the Property, strengthening and increasing the volunteer identity with the World Heritage Property, rather than its constituent organisations and, during the lifetime of this Management Plan, explore the possibility of a co-ordinated Property-wide approach to volunteer recruitment, training and management. Objective 1e: Seek opportunities to increase positively the social, economic and environmental contributions of the Property. Policy P1e.1 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will monitor the social, economic and environmental impact of World Heritage to identify the national, regional and local benefits of inscription. Policy P1e.2 - Members of the Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will support Fair Trade through management of the Property, and the local economy through where possible, sourcing retail and café supplies and maintenance and service contracts locally. Policy P1e.3 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will, during the lifespan of this Management Plan, investigate the feasibility and desirability of implementing the other recommendations of the Tourism and Economic Impact Study Action Plan to increase the positive social, economic and environmental contributions of the Property. THEME 2: CONSERVING THE PROPERTY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCES Objective 2a: Maintain a co-ordinated approach to the protection, conservation, documentation and risk management of the Property Policy P2a.1 - The Management Plan is the basis of co-ordination of conservation across the Property. Policy P2a.2 - The Conservation Working Group will continue to provide the Wearmouth- Jarrow Partnership with up to date, professional, specialist advice relating to the conservation of the Property.

Appendix II - 4

Policy P2a.3 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will ensure that conservation of the Property reflects our most up to date understanding of it, as knowledge evolves through research and will keep national and local protective designations under regular review in the light of new research. Policy P2a.4 - All historic assets of the Property will be conserved and recorded to the appropriate agreed recognised professional national standards. Policy P2a.5 - All staff and contractors employed to work on the Property’s historic fabric, archaeology and collections will normally be accredited by the appropriate recognised professional body. The Partners will seek opportunities to use conservation work for professional skills training and development, through national and regional schemes. Policy P2a.6 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will ensure that risks are appropriately monitored across the Property, and that emergency plans are in place for all its historic assets to address the key risks. Partners will monitor the effects of climate change across the Property and develop and implement appropriate mitigation and adaption strategies which preserve or enhance the Property’s Outstanding Universal Value. Objective 2b: Record, maintain, protect, conserve and where appropriate enhance the attributes of Outstanding Universal Value of the Property. Policy P2b.1 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will continue to ensure that national professional recognised standards of conservation work and its documentation, informed by up-to-date archaeological and architectural assessment and the Conservation Plan (2010) are applied to all works carried out at the Property. All conservation interventions across the Property will continue to be documented and copies of all records deposited in the Tyne and Wear Historic Environment Record (HER). Policy P2b.2 - Partners will continue to schedule and carry out, using appropriately qualified professionals, regular inspections and maintenance of the churches and standing remains. Policy P2b.3 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will ensure the protection, conservation and, in the event of the discovery of further archaeological deposits, investigation of existing and potential areas of archaeological remains within the Property’s Boundaries and buffer zones, in line with agreed regional and national policies, including PPS 5, Conservation Principles (English Heritage), the North East Regional Research Framework, and the Wearmouth-Jarrow Research Framework. Objective 2c: Ensure that all archaeological collections and archives relating to the Property, and as far as possible manuscript and other collections outside the Partnership’s direct control, are documented and stored to the highest possible standards, striving for Best Practice in the Benchmarks in Collections Care. Policy P2c.1 – The Partnership will continue to ensure national professional standards of curation and conservation of collections relating to the Property, striving for Best Practice in the Benchmarks in Collections Care (Museums, Libraries and Archives Council). The Partnership will ensure that, as far as possible, collections relating to the Property are deposited in museums which hold the MLA Council Accreditation Standard, and professional curatorial advice is available to those responsible for collections held elsewhere (such as the churches). Policy P2c.2 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will ensure that adequate resource is available to provide for the storage and documentation of archaeological material and excavation records in the relevant museums, to eliminate the documentation backlog in the next 10 years and to develop a site-wide publicly accessible digital archive.

Appendix II - 5 Policy P2c.3 - In the event of future excavation relating to the Property, within its Boundary, buffer zone or wider setting, the Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will seek to ensure that resulting archaeological finds and archives are deposited in the museum that already holds the relevant archaeological collection (Bede’s World for Jarrow and Sunderland Museum and Winter Gardens for Wearmouth). Policy P2c.4 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will establish and maintain formal links with the libraries currently in possession of Wearmouth-Jarrow manuscripts, and archaeological material associated with the Property outside the Partnership’s direct control, to seek assurances of standards of collections care and, should disposal occur, to seek to ensure that they are retained in publicly accessible collections. Objective 2d Conserve and enhance the other tangible values of the Property, including its landscape character, riverside setting, natural environment and the later historic fabric within the Property Boundary and its immediate environs Policy P2d.1 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will continue to ensure the conservation and maintenance of Jarrow Hall. Policy P2d.2 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will work in partnership with relevant organisations, such as Natural England, the Durham Biodiversity Partnership, local authorities and local wildlife groups, to seek to enhance the natural environment of the Property. Policy P2d.3 -The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will prioritise, where possible, the cultural value of the Property over its environmental value, should the necessity arise. Objective 2e Sustain and enhance the Property’s other intangible values, including the traditions of spirituality, education, creativity (particularly glass-making, stone-carving, calligraphy) and international cultural exchange associated with the Property. Policy P2e.1 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will ensure that management preserves and enhances the spiritual, educational and creative values that have traditionally been part of the twin monastery, including the continuing use of St Peter’s and St Paul’s as places of worship, and continuing the traditions of glass making, calligraphy, music and learning, and other uses which reflect the original ethos of the Property.

THEME 3: INFLUENCING CHANGE IN THE PROPERTY ‟‟‟S BUFFER ZONE AND WIDER SETTING Objective 3a: Influence the development of plans, policies and guidance to promote an approach to the sustainable physical and social regeneration initiatives within the buffer zone and wider setting of the Property which sustains and enhances its Outstanding Universal Value, attributes and other values Policy P3a.1 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will continue to influence the local authorities to embed the protection and enhancement of the Property’s Outstanding Universal Value, including key views and potential archaeological deposits, in planning policy (particularly Local Development Frameworks and supporting plans, guidance and strategies). Policy P3a.2 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will seek to generate evidence to influence decision-making in relation to spatial planning. Policy P3a.3 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will continue to seek to influence emerging master plans, guidance and strategies affecting strategic sites in the buffer zone and wider setting of the Property and work with significant landowners through Memoranda of Understanding, to ensure the protection and enhancement of the attributes which convey Outstanding Universal Value.

Appendix II - 6

Policy P3a.4 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will ensure that the Property management infrastructure, including the Management Plan and Memoranda of Understanding, is updated in accordance with any legislative or regulatory changes. Objective 3b: Monitor and assess development within the buffer zone and wider setting of the Property to seek to ensure that the attributes of Outstanding Universal Value, including archaeological deposits and significant views and vistas to and from the Property, are adequately safeguarded from potentially damaging development. Policy P3b.1 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will seek to influence decision-making to ensure that planning applications for any development proposals within the buffer zone and wider setting of the Property which could impact on its Outstanding Universal Value: • are of a quality of design and execution that is valued both now and in the future; • are sensitively sited and visually sympathetic to the setting of the Property, particularly where the proposal is for a tall building; • include a robust scheme of archaeological assessment and investigation in developer plans and funding, in line with Planning Policy Statement 5; and • preserve and enhance the attributes of Outstanding Universal Value. Policy P3b.2 - The local planning authorities will ensure that the Management Plan is used as a supporting document when discharging their development control functions, and given due consideration when developers are preparing proposals in the buffer zone and wider setting of the Property. Policy P3b.3 - In determining planning applications in the buffer zone and wider setting of the Property, the local planning authorities will assess the impact on its Outstanding Universal Value to ensure its protection, and resist proposals which would be detrimental to its Outstanding Universal Value. Policy P3b.4 - The local planning authorities will ensure that Design and Access Statements, Sustainability Appraisals and Environmental Impact Assessments carried out for developments in the buffer zone and wider setting of the Property consider the impact on Outstanding Universal Value. Objective 3c: Continue to seek to enhance the sense of place and attractiveness of the environs of the Property by creating an imaginative, high quality townscape, landscape setting and public realm commensurate with the status of a World Heritage Property and reflecting the particular values of the Property Policy P3c.1 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will seek to encourage the use of the principles set out in the Landscape Vision to conserve and enhance the attributes which convey Outstanding Universal Value within and around the Property, and to prioritise future investment in the townscape. THEME 4: ENHANCING UNDERSTANDING OF THE PROPERTY Objective 4a Seek opportunities further to develop knowledge and understanding of the Outstanding Universal Value of the Property through encouraging multi-disciplinary research and engaging with key academic institutions nationally and internationally Policy P4a.1: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will complete the Research Framework for the Property which will relate to the North East Regional Research Framework, cover all relevant disciplines and will set out and adhere to national professional standards.

Appendix II - 7 Policy P4a.2: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will implement the Research Framework, and encourage other organisations to use the Framework as guidance in furthering their own research objectives. Policy P4a.3: Working through the One Monastery in Two Places project and other relevant research, the Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will seek to use all available data to build up as accurate as possible a picture of the scope and extent of the original monastic estate in order to ensure effective protection and management in the future. Policy P4a.4: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will continue to disseminate scholarly research through the Wearmouth – Jarrow lectures, Bede’s World Saturday talks and other programmes . Objective 4b Continue to promote, develop, support and improve co-ordinated provision of learning opportunities across the Property based on its Outstanding Universal Value and other values for a wide range of people, both individuals and groups Policy P4b.1: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will continue to provide and seek to enhance high-quality educational opportunities across the Property at all levels, centred on its Outstanding Universal Value, including increasing partnership working to ensure education providers understand and pass on understanding of the Property. Policy P4b.2: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will continue to provide, enhance and develop high-quality formal and informal learning opportunities across the Property. Policy P4b.3: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will maintain and further develop links with local communities, continue to develop its programme of community outreach work and aim to engage with the wider world community. Policy P4b.4: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will continue to participate in the national World Heritage Education Programme co-ordinated by the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Property, and look for other opportunities to develop educational provision relating to World Heritage and the mission of UNESCO. THEME 5: INCREASING USE AND ENJOYMENT OF THE PROPERTY Objective 5a Ensure clear, high quality, up-to-date, accurate and consistent interpretation of the Property, taking a strategic approach to link the two sites and related attractions and making imaginative use of interpretative media Policy P5a.1: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will continue to provide high quality interpretation across the Property, based on its Outstanding Universal Value, and seek opportunities to improve and develop it, making displays and exhibitions as accessible as possible. A single coherent approach to interpretation across the Partner venues will be taken, with cross-referencing between venues and complementary interpretation encouraging visitors to visit all parts of the Property and related attractions. Policy P5a.2: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will ensure that interpretation across the Property relates Wearmouth-Jarrow to the World Heritage Convention and UNESCO’s mission. Policy P5a.3: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will, towards the end of the lifespan of this plan, review interpretation provision, policy and strategy across the Property.

Appendix II - 8 Objective 5b Continue to promote, develop, support and improve co-ordinated provision of events and cultural programmes across the World Heritage Site, to celebrate its Outstanding Universal Value and other values and creatively to engage and inspire audiences Policy P5b.1: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will seek to increase the co-ordination of events planning across the Property and will continue to develop events and cultural programmes that appeal to a broad range of audiences. Policy P5b.2: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will use the commemoration of the Saints’ days relevant to the Property (e.g. Biscop, Bede, etc) as an opportunity to raise awareness of the Property and its significance. Policy P5b.3: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will identify and pursue opportunities to engage with and participate in events and cultural programmes in the region. Objective 5c Ensure that the Property is promoted as a key component of the local, regional and national tourism product, that it is fully integrated within regional tourism and with the UK World Heritage offer. Further develop the Wearmouth-Jarrow brand to present a unified image throughout the Property’s component parts, and, within agreed guidance, will use the UNESCO World Heritage logo post-inscription to raise the profile of the Property nationally and internationally Policy P5c.1: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will develop links with other World Heritage Properties within the UK, in particular with the World Heritage Properties of Durham Castle and Cathedral and the Frontiers of the Roman Empire, to seek joint promotion, and other opportunities to work together further. Policy PP5c.2: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will continue to encourage ONE North East, Tourism Tyne and Wear, Sunderland City Council and South Tyneside Council and other relevant tourism organisations to promote the Property as a key component of the local heritage offer. Policy P5c.3: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will continue to implement the Wearmouth- Jarrow branding and generate promotional material, which is accurate, consistent, of high quality, and follows the Partnership’s branding and marketing style guides. Objective 5d Seek to ensure easy visitor access to, at and around the Property by all means of transport, through prominent signage, access improvements and improved, prominent, points of arrival befitting a World Heritage Property. Strive for the highest possible levels of accessibility across the Property and related attractions without compromising the historic environment, including DDA compliance, intellectual access and provision for non-English speakers Policy P5d.1 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will seek to ensure easy visitor access to, at and around to the Property and related attractions, working with partners such as the Local Authorities, Highways Agency and Nexus and working with Sunderland City Council and South Tyneside Council to improve signage to both parts of the Property and its related attractions. Policy 5d.2 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will continue to promote Bede’s Way and Bede’s Cycle Way as key routes linking the twin monastic site and encourage visitors to use environmentally friendly forms of transport. Policy P5d.3 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will work with partners to overcome social, intellectual and cultural barriers to accessing the Property. Policy P5d.4 - The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will strive for the highest possible levels of accessibility across the Property without compromising the historic environment, in compliance with the Disability Discrimination Act.

Appendix II - 9

Objective 5e Continue to ensure a high quality welcome to the Property through provision of appropriately trained staff and volunteers, and through continuing to improve the standard of visitor facilities Policy P5e.1: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will ensure that visitors receive the highest quality welcome and experience of the Property, monitor visitor satisfaction annually and seek continually to improve. Policy P5e.2: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will strive for the highest possible standards of training of our staff and volunteers, and ensure that there are sufficient numbers of staff and volunteers to provide visitor access to the Property. Policy P5e.3: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will strive for the highest possible standards of visitor facilities that reflect the character of the Property, and ensure that all sites and related attractions achieve and maintain VAQAS standards. Objective 5f Ensure that the physical and atmospheric impact of visitors remains at a level which protects, does not impact negatively on, and where possible enhances its Outstanding Universal Value. Policy 5f.1: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will monitor positive and negative visitor impact on the Property, and act to ensure that visitor impact remains positive. Policy 5f.2: The Wearmouth-Jarrow Partnership will ensure that as many people who wish to enjoy the Property can do so within its ‘carrying capacity’, without adverse effects on its physical remains or atmosphere, its uses, the perceived visitor experience, or on local communities.

Appendix II - 10 Wearmouth-Jarrow Twin Monastery Facts and Figures HISTORY

Founded on two sites in the seventh century AD by Benedict Biscop, Wearmouth-Jarrow was intended to function as one organisation. Under his leadership and that of his successor, Ceolfrith, the twin monastery became, at its apex, one of the most significant cultural institutions in Western Europe. Benedict Biscop and Ceolfrith assembled books, ideas, teachers and craftspeople from across Europe to create an inspirational environment. It was here that the young Bede had the opportunity to study and thrive.

Bede is now seen not only as one of the greatest scholars of the last millennium, but is recognised as having influenced the development of the writing of history, science and religious research through subsequent generations, and up to the present day.

Remarkably, parts of the original 7 th century monastic buildings still survive, including a near- complete Anglo-Saxon church at St Paul’s and in-situ carved Western Façade at St Peter’s. Comprehensive archaeological excavations have revealed the original monastic plan, together with finds – such as the largest quantity of coloured window-glass from a site of this date – which evidence Bede’s vivid accounts of this influential institution.

SIZE AND OWNERSHIP

The two parts of the monastery lie 8.8 miles (14.2 km) apart. The Wearmouth-Jarrow Property covers 8.7 hectares of land, with a further 181.5 hectares within its protective buffer zone. The property is in multiple ownership: the churches, vicarage and churchyard at St Peters and the church, church yard and monastery at St Paul’s are ‘vested in the incumbent’ which means they are held in trust by the Church of England. Sunderland City Council, South Tyneside Council, Sir Nicholas Hedworth Williamson Trustees and Bede’s World own various other parts of the Nominated Property.

WEARMOUTH-JARROW VISITORS AND FACILITIES

There are approximately 83,000 visits (2005 figures) to the core elements of the Property each year: St Peter and St Paul’s Churches and Bede’s World. Of these, 61% are day visitors, 30% are educational groups and 9% are tourists.

There is a range of visitor facilities across the property including interpretative displays, café and gift shops. A number of formal and informal education opportunities are on offer.

Appendix II - 11 Appendix III - Nomination File - Management Plan Actions associated with Sunderland City Council

Action Extent Responsible Target for Agency Implementation A2d.3 Develop a plan for Wearmouth SCC Medium Term managing parking at St Peters A3a.4 Adopt St Peters Riverside Wearmouth and SCC Short term and Bonnersfield SPD Buffer Zone

A3a.7 Adopt a Character Wearmouth and SCC Short Term Appraisal and Management Buffer Zone Strategy for the Old Sunderland Conservation Area A3c.3 Influence partners to Property and STC, SCC Annual Report improve public realm and buffer zone signage at key routes and report to the Partnership Board, identifying priorities for inclusion in an annual action plan. A5c.2 Develop links with key Property SCC, STC, WJP Ongoing tourism sites in the region to encourage cross promotion A5d.3 Investigate improving Property SCC, STC, Medium Term public transport links Nexus A5e.4 Ensure all frontline staff Property PCM, PCJ, BW, Medium Term and volunteers participate in new NGC, TWAM, training programme SCC, STC, ATP

Appendix III - 1