Extensions of Remarks E343 EXTENSIONS of REMARKS

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Extensions of Remarks E343 EXTENSIONS of REMARKS March 3, 2003 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E343 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS TRIBUTE TO UNITA BLACKWELL and the 65th Missouri Colored Infantry units. years; John and Patty Brissenden were two of They gave a combined $6,400 to establish the the first organizers of this organization, and HON. BENNIE G. THOMPSON educational institution they named Lincoln In- have remained active and committed since OF MISSISSIPPI stitute. The institute was founded with three then; Ted and Pat Durkee helped found the stipulations: The institution shall be designed Land Trust, and have also remained closely IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for the special benefit of the freed African associated since its inception; Angie Monday, March 3, 2003 Americans; it shall be located in the State of Christmann has been a dedicated volunteer Mr. THOMPSON of Mississippi. Mr. Speak- Missouri; and its fundamental idea shall be to since 1985; La Mina Smith, who accepted the er, in commemoration of Black History Month, combine study and labor. recognition on behalf of the late Al Smith, a I would like to take this opportunity to recog- In 1921, the Missouri Legislature passed a local businessman vital to the groups efforts; nize the many accomplishments of distin- bill introduced by Walthall M. Moore, the first Diane Porter Cooley, who accepted on behalf guished African Americans in Mississippi’s Black American to serve in that body, which of the late Bernice Porter and her donation of Second Congressional District. changed the name from Lincoln Institute to conservation easements for a large agriculture Unita Blackwell, a living legend who went Lincoln University and created a board of cu- area; and the Cummings family, who accepted from picking cotton to a leadership role in the rators to govern the University. on behalf of the late Anna Jean Cummings, a civil rights movement. She was elected Mayor Mr. Speaker, Lincoln University’s annual cofounder of the Land Trust and its first Exec- of Mayersville, a small town in the Mississippi Founders’ Day Celebration is not only a cele- utive Director. Delta. She is the first African American female bration of another passing year’s educational I applaud the efforts of the Land Trust and mayor in the State. service but a chance once a year to remem- those who support their mission of protection The 68-year-old former activist grew up in ber the history of this great university. I ap- and conservation of this county’s greatest nat- the Delta region of the state at a time when plaud Lincoln University for its willingness to ural resources. Mr. Speaker, I hope that my conditions there were desperate. She came not forget the past and make sure its students colleagues will join me in celebrating their an- from a family of sharecroppers and picked cot- know exactly how their university came to be. niversary, and wish them continued success in ton into adulthood. I know the Members of the House will join me the next 25 years. The year that changed her life was 1964— in congratulating Lincoln University on 137 f Mississippi Freedom Summer. She joined years of education excellence. PERSONAL EXPLANATION forces with the freedom riders and with activ- f ists working for the Student Nonviolent Coordi- ´ nation Committee (SNCC). The objective was IN HONOR OF THE LAND TRUST HON. RUBEN HINOJOSA to register African Americans fully 36 percent OF SANTA CRUZ COUNTY OF TEXAS of the State’s population—to vote. She also IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES participated in the struggle to desegregate the HON. SAM FARR Monday, March 3, 2003 delegations that Mississippi sent to the Demo- OF CALIFORNIA Mr. HINOJOSA. Mr. Speaker, I regret that I cratic National Convention. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES had to travel to my congressional district for The effort failed in 1964, but succeeded 4 Monday, March 3, 2003 an important event on February 27, 2003. Had years later after the national Civil Rights and I been present, I would have voted ‘‘yes’’ on Mr. FARR. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to Voting Rights Acts was passed ending legally rollcall Nos. 37 and 38, and ‘‘no’’ on rollcall honor one of the most loved and supported or- mandated segregation in the state and No. 39. throughout the South. For the first time since ganizations in my congressional district. Last f Reconstruction, Mississippi sent an integrated weekend the Land Trust of Santa Cruz County delegation to the 1968 Democratic Conven- celebrated its 25-year anniversary, having TRIBUTE TO BEVERLY W. HOGAN tion. It was the crowning achievement of Mis- begun when a small group of dedicated indi- sissippi Freedom Summer. viduals decided in 1978 to help preserve open HON. BENNIE G. THOMPSON land. She is a past national president of the U.S.- OF MISSISSIPPI The Land Trust of Santa Cruz County has China People’s Friendship Association and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has visited the country a number of times. worked cooperatively and collaboratively with ‘‘The same principles applies to international a wide array of people, organizations, busi- Monday, March 3, 2003 relations as to relations within countries. It’s all nesses and groups throughout this time to Mr. THOMPSON of Mississippi. Mr. Speak- about understanding and working together to safeguard and protect over 1,250 acres. They er, in commemoration of Black History Month, forge solutions,’’ she says. ‘‘Everyone—all have done this through direct purchases of I would like to take this opportunity to recog- over the world—has two eyes, a nose and a land, donations of land, conservation ease- nize the many accomplishments of distin- mouth; we should get along and treat each ments and land management agreements. Mr. guished African Americans in Mississippi’s other right.’’ Speaker, as many people from my district and Second Congressional District. f in this body are aware, I am a firm believer in Today I rise to pay tribute to Mrs. Beverly the power of collaboration to achieve great W. Hogan. Mrs. Hogan is the current Presi- TRIBUTE TO LINCOLN UNIVERSITY ends, and I believe that the work of the Land dent of Tougaloo College. Mrs. Hogan has a Trust is one of the greatest examples of this bachelors of art degree in Psychology. Mrs. HON. IKE SKELTON power. Hogan then received a Master’s degree in OF MISSOURI On Friday, February 21, the Land Trust held public policy and administration from Jackson IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a benefit dinner to honor the work of those State University. She has done additional who were early pioneers in this effort. I was studies at the University of Southern Mis- Monday, March 3, 2003 proud to join my colleague, ANNA ESHOO, as sissippi, University of Georgia and St. Mary Mr. SKELTON. Mr. Speaker, let me take a member of the Honorary Host Committee, College. Mrs. Hogan is presently pursuing a this means to recognize Lincoln University in although we could not attend due to other obli- doctorate in organizational management and Jefferson City, MO, on 137 years of service to gations. At this event, several people were leadership at the University of Phoenix. the State of Missouri. On January 30, the an- honored for their work, and I wish to do so Before becoming President of Tougaloo Col- nual Founders’ Day Celebration was held at here, as well. First, my good friend and former lege, Mrs. Hogan had twenty-five years of ex- Richardson Auditorium at the university. staff member Fred Keeley received special perience in executive management and lead- Lincoln University was founded on January recognition for his achievements as a member ership in which she has many accomplish- 14, 1866, by soldiers and officers of the 62nd of the California Assembly for the past 6 ments. In 1975, she established the first rape ∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. VerDate Dec 13 2002 03:08 Mar 04, 2003 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\FM\A03MR8.001 E03PT1.
Recommended publications
  • Xs. JOHN LEWIS
    m if] OGRESSIVE WOMAN'S QUARTERL v . JOHN LEWIS: xs IOLE 74A70 78532 3 The world as women live it Her search for a legal abortion led The memoir of AM Norma McCorvey Sally Belfrage, to become the daughter of anonymous radical writers ROE plaintiff in the Cedric Belfrage landmark Supreme MY LIFE, and Molly Castle, ROE V. WADE, Court decision. who yearned to be AND This book is her an "all-American FREEDOM personal story, o r girl" during her CHOICE "a direct, unsenti- McCarthy-era mental, and often adolescence in the harsh account of NORMA McCORVEY conformist 50s. WITH ANDY MEJSl.Eft a real life at the "Wry and heart of historical poignant." events." SALLY BUFRABE —Publishers — Publishers Weekly Weekly BALKAN "Through short but deeply "A bold and original felt essays on everything exploration of female "With simplicity, and honesty, from housepaint and high- inventiveness and courage." Bloodlines movingly describes heeled shoes to point-blank — Harriet G. Lerner, Hales evolution and ultimate murder, Drakulic tells the author of The Dance of Anger liberation. Powerful and story of the Balkan crisis as poignant." people are living it." "Buoyant and instructive... — The Nation a welcome counterweight to — Chief Wilma Mankiller the pressures society still "Moving and eloquent." "Mesmerizing." exerts on women who want —New York Times — New York Times a life of their own." Book Review With four new chapters — New Woman Winner of the $11.00 paperback $12.00 paperback American Book Award $11.00 paperback pzs^m Also available from HzrperCollinsCanadaLtd.
    [Show full text]
  • Mississippi: Is This America? (1962-1964) ROY WILKINS
    Mississippi: Is This America? (1962-1964) ROY WILKINS: There is no state with a record that approaches that of Mississippi in inhumanity, murder and brutality and racial hatred. It is absolutely at the bottom of the list. NARRATOR: In 1964, the state of Mississippi called it an invasion. Civil rights workers called it Freedom Summer. To change Mississippi and the country, they would risk beatings, arrest, and their lives. FANNY CHANEY: You all know what my child is doing? He was trying for us all to make a better living. And he had two fellows from New York, had their own home and everything, didn't have nothing to worry, but they come here to help us. Did you all know they come here to help us? They died for us. UNITA BLACKWELL: People like myself, I was born on this river. And I love the land. It's the delta, and to me it's now a challenge, it's history, it's everything, to what black people it's all about. We came about slavery and this is where we acted it out, I suppose. All of the work, all them hard works and all that. But we put in our blood, sweat and tears and we love the land. This is Mississippi. WHITE HUNTER: I lived in this delta all my life, my parents before me, my grandparents. I've hunted and fished this land since I was a child. This land is composed of two different cultures, a white culture and a colored culture, and I lived close to them all my life.
    [Show full text]
  • Give Us the Ballot CRA Newsreel 7/4/64 Now, in This Summer of 1964
    Ep 5: Give us the Ballot CRA Newsreel 7/4/64 ​ ​ ​ Now, in this summer of 1964, the Civil Rights Bill is the law of the land. Congress passes the most sweeping Civil Rights Bill ever to be written into the law and thus reaffirms the conception of equality => for all men that began with Lincoln and the Civil War 100 years ago. July 2nd, 1964, was a good day for Lyndon Johnson. Before an audience of legislators and civil rights leaders who have labored long and hard for passage of the bill, President Johnson calls for all Americans to back what he calls a turning point in history. The landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 was indeed a turning point in the country's long and bloody struggle for racial justice, and a hard-won feather in LBJ's cap. But important as it was, for the civil rights movement, it was only a beginning. Rhonda Williams African-Americans were under no illusion that the Civil Rights Act was going to be sufficient. Rhonda Y. Williams teaches American History at Vanderbilt University. Williams For them, it was not merely about integration -- about being able to sit in a restaurant, to ride on a bus, to get an equal education. It was also about how one could access political power to challenge the white political systems in the South, to make sure that African-Americans had the vote, that they had the ability in the political realm to make decisions about who represented them. This is something that Lyndon Baines Johnson, coming off of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, understood.
    [Show full text]
  • Download a Transcript of the Episode
    Scene on Radio Freedom Summer (Season 4, Episode 7) Transcript http://www.sceneonradio.org/s4-e7-freedom-summer/ John Biewen: A content warning: this episode includes descriptions of intense violence, and the use of a racial slur. Chenjerai Kumanyika: So John, when you look at history the way that we’re looking at it in this series, sometimes I start to get tempted to make really sloppy historical comparisons. You know what I mean? ‘Cause that’s easy to do. John Biewen: It is easy to do. What’s that expression: history doesn’t repeat itself, but it does often rhyme. And it’s easy to get carried away trying to hear those rhymes. Chenjerai Kumanyika: In the scholarly world, we learn to have nuance and not to do that, but, you know, sometimes, I myself have been guilty. I worked on this podcast, Uncivil, about the Civil War, and during that time I was like, everything is just like 1861. I would be at dinner parties and people are like Chenj, we get it, to 1 understand anything, like a movie–we have to go back to the 19th century, we understand. John Biewen: Yeah. Or, you know, the United States today is Germany 1933! Right? Well, maybe it is, somedays it seems to be, but yeah, you try not to get too carried away reading the newspaper every morning. Chenjerai Kumanyika: Absolutely. That said, I do think it’s really important to think about the themes and continuities and lessons that we can really learn from history. And today’s episode has me thinking about political parties, and this kinda never-ending struggle that they have between what gets called party “unity,” or maintaining a “big tent,” and then on the other hand really trying to stick to or imagine more ambitious or even radical policy positions that vulnerable groups within the base of the party care about.
    [Show full text]
  • Time Code: 1:18 – 5:40 This Story Really Ought To
    SOUND LEARNING | February, 2007 | American RadioWorks “Oh Freedom Over Me” Time Code: 1:18 – 5:40 This story really ought to start in slavery. But then again, in, say, the 1950s, a few generations after the end of slavery, life for black Mississippians looked and felt much like it had during those centuries in bondage. Like any black Mississippian who grew up in the Jim Crow years, MacArthur Cotton can tell you stories. The story of his grandfather, who, Cotton says, was fatally beaten by whites for teaching other blacks to read. Or the story of the black sharecropper in Winston County in the 1950s, who took the day off to go to a church gathering—without his white boss's permission. Cotton was there—about fifteen years old at the time, he says. "He [the sharecropper] didn't go to plow that day, but his boss man wanted him to plow. So ... he came up to church with the rest of the people, and, [the boss came and said] 'I thought I told you to go to the field.' And [the sharecropper] got ready to walk away and [his boss] just kinda grabbed him and shot him six times. You know, right there, he fell and laid out there." Eventually, Cotton says, somebody picked up the man's body and carried it away. "And nobody really said nothing, nobody really did anything. Things like that just happened. It happened all the time." The system of segregation known as Jim Crow, which had been entrenched throughout the South since the end of Reconstruction in the late 1800s, demanded conformity from everybody, black and white.
    [Show full text]
  • “Two Voices:” an Oral History of Women Communicators from Mississippi Freedom Summer 1964 and a New Black Feminist Concept ______
    THE TALE OF “TWO VOICES:” AN ORAL HISTORY OF WOMEN COMMUNICATORS FROM MISSISSIPPI FREEDOM SUMMER 1964 AND A NEW BLACK FEMINIST CONCEPT ____________________________________________ A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia ________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy ____________________________________________ by BRENDA JOYCE EDGERTON-WEBSTER Dr. Earnest L. Perry Jr., Dissertation Supervisor MAY 2007 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled: THE TALE OF “TWO VOICES:” AN ORAL HISTORY OF WOMEN COMMUNICATORS FROM MISSISSIPPI FREEDOM SUMMER 1964 AND A NEW BLACK FEMINIST CONCEPT presented by Brenda Joyce Edgerton-Webster, a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. Earnest L. Perry, Jr. Dr. C. Zoe Smith Dr. Carol Anderson Dr. Ibitola Pearce Dr. Bonnie Brennen Without you, dear Lord, I never would have had the strength, inclination, skill, or fortune to pursue this lofty task; I thank you for your steadfast and graceful covering in completing this dissertation. Of greatest importance, my entire family has my eternal gratitude; especially my children Lauren, Brandon, and Alexander – for whom I do this work. Special acknowledgements to Lauren who assisted with the audio and video recording of the oral interviews and often proved herself key to keeping our home life sound; to my fiancé Ernest Evans, Jr. who also assisted with recording interviews and has supported me in every way possible from beginning to end; to my late uncle, Reverend Calvin E.
    [Show full text]
  • Sisters of the Mississippi Struggle : Examining the Contributions by Women to the Fight for Otingv Equality in Mississippi in the Early 1960S
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2015 Sisters of the Mississippi struggle : examining the contributions by women to the fight for otingv equality in Mississippi in the early 1960s. Morgan Ackerman, 1980- University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Ackerman,, Morgan 1980-, "Sisters of the Mississippi struggle : examining the contributions by women to the fight for voting equality in Mississippi in the early 1960s." (2015). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2145. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/2145 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SISTERS OF THE MISSISSIPPI STRUGGLE: EXAMING THE CONTRIBUTIONS BY WOMEN TO THE FIGHT FOR VOTING EQUALITY IN MISSISSIPPI IN THEE ARLY 1960s By: Morgan Ackerman M.A. University of Louisville, 2015 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in History Department of History University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky May 2015 Copyright 2015 by Morgan Ackerman All Rights Reserved SISTERS OF THE MISSISSIPPI STRUGGLE: Examining the Contributions of Women to the Fight for Voting Equality in Mississippi in the Early 1960s By: Morgan Ackerman M.A., University of Louisville, 2015 A ThesisApproved on 14 April 2015 By the Following Thesis Committee: ----------------------------------- Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Awakenings (1954-1956) UNITA BLACKWELL: I Guess Our Courage Came out Because We Didn't Have Nothing, and We Couldn't Lose Nothing
    Awakenings (1954-1956) UNITA BLACKWELL: I guess our courage came out because we didn't have nothing, and we couldn't lose nothing. But we wanted something for ourselves and for our children. And so we took a chance with our lives. ERNEST GREEN: We marched up the steps with this circle of soldiers with bayonets drawn. And walking up the steps that day was probably one of the biggest feelings I've ever had. I figured I had finally cracked it. WHITE YOUNG MAN: My freedom is very much entangled with the freedom of every other man. So, I'm fighting for my own freedom here. REPORTER: Are you scared? WHITE YOUNG MAN: Yes. I'm very much afraid. Everyone here is. [singing] NARRATOR: In a ten year period in the 1950s and 1960s, America fought a second revolution. It was fought in the South by black people and white. It was fought in the streets, in churches, in courts, in schools. It was fought to make America be America for all its citizens. These were America's Civil Rights years. INTERVIEWER: I take it then that you are advocating negroes in New York to stay out of these national chain stores? ADAM CLAYTON POWELL, JR: Oh, no. That's not true. I'm advocating that American citizens interested in democracy should stay out of chain stores. [singing] WHITE WOMAN: I have thought for a long time that negroes should be allowed to sit at the counters where we are served downtown. This is just a part of many things that I think they should be allowed to do.
    [Show full text]
  • Faces of Diversity Brown Bag Series Cceelleebbrraattiinngg Wwoommeenn’’Ss Hhiissttoorryy Mmoonntthh
    Phoenix Human Relations Commission and Equal Opportunity Department present the 2014 Faces of Diversity Brown Bag Series CCeelleebbrraattiinngg WWoommeenn’’ss HHiissttoorryy MMoonntthh FFiillmm VViieewwiinngg aanndd DDiissccuussssiioonn “Standing on My Sisters' Shoulders” Unsung Female Heroes of the Civil Rights Movement Noon to 1 p.m. Friday, March 21 Phoenix City Council Chambers 200 W. Jefferson St. The civil rights movement brought forth many heroes such as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X and Rosa Parks, whose fame can be directly attributed to their commitment to the cause. However, they were not the only people who answered the call to stand and fight for equality and justice. Most of us have not heard of Fannie Lou Hamer, Annie Devine, Unita Blackwell, Mae Bertha Carter or Victoria Gray Adams. But without the efforts of these fearless women, the civil rights movement in Mississippi would not have been possible. The film reveals the civil rights movement in Mississippi in the 1950s and 60s from the perspective of the courageous women who lived it and emerged as its grassroots leaders. These women stood up and fought for the right to vote and for equal education. After the viewing, Ms. Dawn Strobert and Ms. Carolyn Bristo Chatman of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority’s Phoenix Metropolitan Alumnae Chapter will lead a discussion of the film. They will serve as our guides as we explore the lives of these unsung heroes. This brown bag promotes the value of diversity and creates opportunities for positive exchange among diverse groups. For more information, visit phoenix.gov/eod/whatsnew or call 602-262-7716.
    [Show full text]
  • President Barack Obama
    Board of Directors PRESIDENT January 18, 2012 Mayor Robert L. Bowser East Orange, New Jersey st 2 VICE PRESIDENT Mayor Hilliard L. Hampton, Jr. Inkster, Michigan Chairman John Rogers 3ND VICE PRESIDENT Mayor Ron Davis President's Advisory Council On Financial Capability Prichard, Alabama U.S. Treasury TREASURER Mayor Jamie Mayo C/o: Office Of Financial Education and Financial Access Monroe, Louisiana President's Advisory Council On Financial Capability ASSISTANT TREASURER Mayor James L. Walls, Jr. 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue NW District Heights, Maryland SECRETARY Washington DC 20220 Mayor Johnny L. DuPree, Ph.D Hattiesburg, Mississippi ASSISTANT SECRETARY Mayor Mary Ajoku Cruger, Mississippi Dear Chairman Rogers: SERGEANT-AT-ARMS Mayor John White Ames, Texas On behalf of the National Conference of Black Mayors (NCBM), I would like to commend the direction of President BLACK WOMEN MAYORS CAUCUS Mayor Velma H. Jenkins, Ph.D Obama and the President's Advisory Council On Financial Capability (PACFC) for taking steps that will encourage, Shuqualak, Mississippi educate and empower local citizens and local municipalities around financial capability. NCBM has placed CHAPLAIN Mayor James K.S. Knox considerable attention in promoting financial literacy within local municipalities. We look forward to working with The Northwest, North Carolina President's Advisory Council On Financial Capability(PACFC). NCBM will work to promote the recommendations PARLIAMENTARIAN Mayor Otis T. Wallace from the PACFC Subcommittees, in particular, the Partnership Subcommittee and Underserved and Community Florida City, Florida Mayor William V. Bell Empowerment Subcommittees work that encourages local municipalities to create local financial literacy councils. Durham, North Carolina Mayor Dave Bing Detroit, Michigan The National Conference of Black Mayors, Inc is a membership organization.
    [Show full text]
  • Mississippi Freedom Summer, 1964
    Mississippi Freedom Summer, 1964 By Bruce Hartford Copyright © 2014. All rights reserved. For the winter soldiers of the Freedom Movement Contents Origins The Struggle for Voting Rights in McComb Mississippi Greenwood & the Mississippi Delta The Freedom Ballot of 1963 Freedom Day in Hattiesburg Mississippi Summer Project The Situation The Dilemma Pulling it Together Mississippi Girds for Armageddon Washington Does Nothing Recruitment & Training 10 Weeks That Shake Mississippi Direct Action and the Civil Rights Act Internal Tensions Lynching of Chaney, Schwerner & Goodman Freedom Schools Beginnings Freedom School Curriculum A Different Kind of School The Freedom School in McComb Impact The Medical Committee for Human Rights (MCHR) Wednesdays in Mississippi The McGhees of Greenwood McComb — Breaking the Klan Siege MFDP Challenge to the Democratic Convention The Plan Building the MFDP Showdown in Atlantic City The Significance of the MFDP Challenge The Political Fallout Some Important Points The Human Cost of Freedom Summer Freedom Summer: The Results Appendices Freedom Summer Project Map Organizational Structure of Freedom Summer Meeting the Freedom Workers The House of Liberty Freedom School Curriculum Units Platform of the Mississippi Freedom School Convention Testimony of Fannie Lou Hamer, Democratic Convention Quotation Sources [Terminology — Various authors use either "Freedom Summer" or "Summer Project" or both interchangeably. This book uses "Summer Project" to refer specifically to the project organized and led by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO). We use "Freedom Summer" to refer to the totality of all Freedom Movement efforts in Mississippi over the summer of 1964, including the efforts of medical, religious, and legal organizations (see Organizational Structure of Freedom Summer for details).
    [Show full text]
  • IN THIS ISSUE: Right Order
    “Give light and people will find their way.” Ella Baker MARCH / APRIL 2015 | VOLUME 1 | ISSUE 3 / APRIL 2015 | VOLUME MARCH IN THIS ISSUE: Celebrating Women’s History and Poetry months Why Medicaid Expansion? THE LIGHTHOUSE FROM THE MARCH / APRIL 2015 VOLUME 1 | ISSUE 3 DESK OF... EDITOR Natalie A. Collier Celebrating Women’s History CONTRIBUTERS Bria Griffith and Poetry months Nathan R. Harper Keyaira Sanders Zhane Steen GRAPHIC DESIGNER Sirita Render The Academy of American Poets GRAPHIC DESIGN INTERN introduced National Poetry Zoë Meeks Month in 1996 to introduce more people to poetry. COVER IMAGE Since its beginning, another country—Canada—has also Salaam Muhammad, begun recognizing the month. “Beyond The Dreaded Abyss” APRIL IS ALSO JAZZ APPRECIATION MONTH. In celebration, pull out a little Lady Day or Ella or Bird and Dizz. What’s that? Want something a bit more modern? Esperanza Spalding and Gregory Porter will do you just fine. “I am a woman that came from the cotton fields of the South. I was promoted from there to the washtub. Then I was promoted to the cook kitchen, and from there I promoted myself into the business of manufacturing hair goods and preparations. … Everybody told me I was making a mistake by “Contrary to what we may have been “Give light and people will find their way.” Ella Baker going into this business, taught to think, unnecessary and un- but I know how to grow chosen suffering wounds us but need not hair as well as I know scar us for life. It does not mark us.
    [Show full text]