Dos Ideogramas (China) Às Palavras (Brasil) : Elaboração Do Primeiro Dicionário Básico Bilíngüe Português-Chinês

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Dos Ideogramas (China) Às Palavras (Brasil) : Elaboração Do Primeiro Dicionário Básico Bilíngüe Português-Chinês UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA INSTITUTO DE LETRAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LINGÜÍSTICA, PORTUGUÊS E LÍNGUAS CLÁSSICAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LINGÜÍSTICA DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO DOS IDEOGRAMAS (CHINA) ÀS PALAVRAS (BRASIL) : ELABORAÇÃO DO PRIMEIRO DICIONÁRIO BÁSICO BILÍNGÜE PORTUGUÊS-CHINÊS Luo Yan Julho de 2007 Brasília – DF LUO YAN DOS IDEOGRAMAS (CHINA) ÀS PALAVRAS (BRASIL) : ELABORAÇÃO DO PRIMEIRO DICIONÁRIO BÁSICO BILÍNGÜE PORTUGUÊS-CHINÊS Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu do Departamento de Lingüística, Português e Línguas Clássicas da Universidade de Brasília – UnB, como requisito parcial à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Lingüística. Orientadora: Profa. Doutora Enilde Faulstich Brasília – DF Julho de 2007 BANCA EXAMINADORA Profª. Dra. Enilde Faulstich ( LIP ) - UnB Presidente ________________________________________ Prof ª. Dra Patrícia Vieira Nunes Gomes (Michellangelo) Membro efetivo ________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Li Weigang ( CIC ) - UnB Membro efetivo ________________________________________ Prof. Dr. René Strehler (LET) - UnB Membro suplente ________________________________________ AGRADECIMENTOS Gostaria de registrar o meu reconhecimento àqueles que contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho: Aos meus pais, pelo amor que me dedicam, pela compreensão e pelo suporte emocional e espiritual. À Professora Dra. Enilde Faulstich, pela acolhida de meu projeto de mestrado e por sua precisa orientação. À minha amiga Thaís Lobos, por sua sempre disponibilidade e grande generosidade em transmitir seus conhecimentos em relação à língua portuguesa. À amiga Liu Jia que é formada na Língua e Literatura Chinesa, pela ajuda na coleta dos dados da língua chinesa e sanar muitas dúvidas sobre a língua. Ao Professor Zhang Jianbo do Departamento da Língua Espanhola e Portuguesa da Universidade dos Estudos Estrangeiros de Beijing pela avaliação e sugestões na elaboração do dicionário que aqui apresento. Aos colegas do Departamento de Lingüística, Português e Línguas Clássicas da Universidade de Brasília, pelo suporte constante no meu trabalho. Aos amigos da Embaixada da China no Brasil, pelas sugestões e apoio na composição do meu dicionário. À Fundação CAPES, pela oportunidade de me permitir estudar no Brasil, na Universidade de Brasília. RESUMO Este trabalho tem por objetivo introduzir o desenvolvimento da lexicografia na China e propor um modelo de dicionário básico bilíngüe português-chinês. Esta perspectiva baseia-se nos estudos sobre a avaliação dos dicionários chineses e nas modernas teorias lexicográficas, bem como nas pesquisas sobre a macroestrutura e microestrutura dos dicionários. O objetivo desta pesquisa, além de estudar a lexicografia chinesa, é preencher uma lacuna na lexicografia sino-brasileira, e, assim, oferecer um dicionário básico bilíngüe português-chinês disponível para os alunos chineses, iniciantes na aprendizagem do português, e também para os estudantes brasileiros que têm interesse pelo estudo inicial da língua chinesa. Palavras-chaves: lexicografia teórica, lexicografia chinesa, lexicografia brasileira, dicionários. ABSTRACT It is the aim of the present research to introduce lexicographic advances in China and to propose a basic bilingual dictionary model for Portuguese–Chinese. This view is largely based on evaluativie studies of Chinese dicionaries by means of modern lexicographic theories of macrostructure and microstructure in dicitionaries. Thus, this research aims at studying the given Chinese lexicography, as well as completing a gap in Sino-Brazilian lexicography. Henceforth, it is our intention to offer a basic bilingual dictionary of Portuguese–Chinese for Chinese students at beginner’s level and also for Brazilian studentso who are interested in an introductionary study of the Chinese language. Key-words: theoretical lexicography, Chinese lexicography, Brazilian lexicography, dictionaries. SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO............................................................................................................1 Capítulo I – ANTECEDENTES HISTÓRICOS: A LEXICOGRAFIA NA CHINA...........................................................4 1.1 Sistemas de organização das entradas dos antigos dicionários da língua chinesa ...................................................................................................5 1.1.1 Os dicionários organizados por categorias semânticas ....................................6 1.1.2 Os dicionários organizados por radicais...........................................................9 1.1.3 Os dicionários organizados por tons e rimas...................................................22 1.2. Dicionários classificados por funções.................................................................23 1.3 Os dicionários chineses modernos.......................................................................23 1.3.1 O sistema de Pinyin na organização da entrada dos dicionários modernos…24 1.3.2 Os principais dicionários monolíngües modernos da língua chinesa.............28 1.3.3 Os primeiros dicionários bilíngües modernos na China.................................30 1.4 Os dicionários chinês-português e português-chinês...........................................32 1.4.1 A influência da língua portuguesa no chinês...................................................32 1.4.2 Os dicionários de chinês-português e português-chinês publicados em Macau ....................................................................................36 1.4.3 Os dicionários português-chinês e chinês-português publicados recentemente na China Continental.............................................39 Capítulo II - COMO CONSULTAR UM DICIONÁRIO CHINÊS MODERNO?...............................................................................................................41 2.1 Número total dos caracteres chineses...................................................................41 2.2 Dois métodos para a consulta de um dicionário chinês........................................42 2.3 Exemplo de uma consulta da palavra no Dicionário do Chinês Contemporâneo................................................................43 Capítulo III - AVALIAÇÃO DO DICIONÁRIO DO CHINÊS CONTEMPORÂNEO..................................................................................................47 3.1. Sobre o autor........................................................................................................49 3.2 Sobre a apresentação da obra pelo autor..............................................................50 3.3 Sobre a apresentação material da obra.................................................................51 3.4 Sobre o conteúdo..................................................................................................53 3.5 Sobre a edição e publicação………………………………………………….…58 Capítulo IV - ALGUMAS DIFERENÇAS E SEMELHANÇAS DO DESENVOLVIMENTO DOS DICIONÁRIOS BILÍNGÜES NA CHINA E NO OCIDENTE.................................................................................................................60 4.1 A situação atual da pesquisa acerca dos dicionários chineses bilíngües na China.......................................................60 4.2 Algumas diferenças do desenvolvimento dos dicionários na China e no Ocidente........................................................................................60 4.3 Algumas semelhanças do desenvolvimento dos dicionários na China e no Ocidente..............................................................61 Capítulo V - TIPOLOGIA DOS DICIONÁRIOS BILÍNGÜES............................65 5.1 A classificação geral dos dicionários bilíngües na China...................................65 5.2 A classificação de Zgusta……………………………………………………....66 5.3 Tipologia dos dicionários de Al-Kasimi.............................................................68 5.4 A lista da tipologia dos dicionários bilíngües de Huang Jianhua........................69 Capítulo VI - O DICIONÁRIO BÁSICO BILÍNGÜE PORTUGUÊS -CHINÊS.....................................................................72 6.1 Levantamento dos dados……………………………………………....………75 6.2 Macroestrutura …………………………………………………………..……77 6.2.1 Ordem das entradas…………………………………………………….........78 6.2.2 Formato dos verbetes………………………………………………………..79 6.3 Microestrutura…………………………………………………….….…...…79 6.3.1 Símbolos e Abreviações que aparecem no dicionário..........................…….81 6.3.2 Pronúncia das entradas chinesas………….………………………….…….82 6.3.3 Fontes da definição e do contexto………………….………………………83 6.3.4 Equivalentes……………………………………………...............................83 Capítulo VII -APRESENTAÇÃO DO DICIONÁRIO BÁSICO BILÍNGÜE PORTUGUÊS-CHINÊS.........................................................................85 A-a..................................................................................................................................87 B-b..................................................................................................................................90 C-c..................................................................................................................................92 D-d..................................................................................................................................95 E-e...................................................................................................................................98 F-f.................................................................................................................................101
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