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Volume IX,Parti 27-й 'ЕОПОГИЧЕСНИИ Volume IX,Parti SPECIAL SESSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL "LITHOSPHERE" PROGRAMME COLLOQUIA 01 to 06 PLENARY MEETING "GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION" SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM "METALLOGENESIS AND URANIUM DEPOSITS" СССР Москва 4-14 августа 1984 is 27-й МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ КОНГРЕСС ТЕЗИСЫ ABSTRACTS Volume IX,Parti SPECIAL SESSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL "LITHOSPHERE" PROGRAMME COLLOQUIA 01 to 06 PLENARY MEETING "GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION" SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM "METALLOGENESIS AND URANIUM DEPOSITS" СССР Москва ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО «НАУКА> 4-14 августа 1984 МОСКВА 1984 УДК (043.2) 551 > Том IX, часть 1 тезисов, представленных к 27-му Международному гео­ логическому конгрессу включает специальную сессию по Международной прог­ рамме "Литосфера", Коллоквиумы 01-06, пленарное заседание "Геологические проблемы охраны окружающей среды" и специальный симпозиум "Металлогения и месторождения урана". Тезисы, представленные ведущими учеными-геолога­ ми \из разных стран мира, отражают вопросы теоретической и прикладной геологии. Volume 1X, part 1 of abstracts presented for the 27th International Geological Congress includes Special .Session of the International "Li- thosphere" Programme, Colloquia 01 to 06, Plenary Meeting "Geological Aspects of Environmental Protection" and Special Symposium "Metalloge- nesis and Uranium Deposits". The abstracts submitted by leading scien­ tists from various countries of all over the world cover problems of theoretical and applied geology. Ответственный редактор H.А.БОГДАНОВ © Институт литосферы АН СССР, 1984 г. ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ Тезисы, представленные к 27-му Международному геологическому конг­ рессу, распределяются по 2 2 секциям и 6 коллоквиумам. Кроме того, в их число включены тезисы докладов к пленарному заседанию "Геологи­ ческие аспекты охраны окружающей среды", к специальной сессии по Международной программе "Литосфера" и к симпозиуму "Металлогения и месторождения урана". Все.тезисы опубликованы в десяти томах и распределены следующим образом: том 1 - секции 01-03 том П - секции 04-05 том Ш - секции 06-07 том 1У - секции 08-09 том У - секции 10-11 том У1 - секция 12 том УП - секции 13-16 том УШ - секции 17-22 том IX - пленарное заседание "Геологические проблемы охраны окружающей среды", коллоквиумы 01-06, программа "Ли­ тосфера", симпозиум "Металлогения и месторождения урана", а также тезисы, присланные в Оргкомитет после 1 ноября 1983 года том X - авторский указатель. Следует отметить, что в каждой секции и коллоквиуме тезисы расположены в алфавитном порядке (латинском) по фамилии авторов. Н.А.БОГДАНОВ Генеральный секретарь Оргкомитета 3 PREFACE Abstracts presented for the 27th International Geological Congress are divided up into twenty two sections and six colloquies. On top of this we have added the abstracts submitted for the Plenary Meeting "Geological Aspects of Environmental Protection", for the Special Session of the International "Lithosphere" Programme and for the Special Symposium "Metallogenesis and Uranium Deposits". The whole is published in ten volumes divided up in the following way: volume I - Sections 01 to 03, volume II - Sections 04 to 05, volume III - Sections 06 to 07, volume IV - Sections 08 to 09, volume V - Sections 10 to 11, volume VI - Section 12, volume VII - Sections 13 to 16, volume VIII - Sections 17 to 22, volume IX - Plenary Meeting "Geological Aspects of Environmental Protection", Colloquies 01 to 06, Special Session of the International "Lithosphere" Programme and Special Symposium "Metallogenesis and Uranium Deposits" as well as abstracts received by the Organizing Committee after November 1, 1983. volume X - General authors index. Lastly, for each section and colloquium, the abstracts are classified in alphabetical order of the authors. N.A.BOGDANOV General Secretary of the Organizing Committee 4 СПЕЦИАЛЬНАЯ НАУЧНАЯ СЕССИЯ ПО МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ ПРОГРАММЕ "ЛИТОСФЕРА" SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC SESSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL "LITHOSPHERE" PROGRAMME L.01. Эволюция осадочных бассейнов и их минеральные и энергетические ресурсы Evolution of Sedimentary Basins and their Mineral and Energy Resources L.02. Тихоокеанское складчатое кольцо и эволюция Тихоокеанского бассейна Circum-Pacific Orogenic Belts abd Evolution of the Pacific Ocean Basin L.03. Архейская литосфера и эволюция коры на ранней стадии истории Земли Archaean Lithosphere and Early Crustal Evolution L.04. Современные и четвертичные движения плит Recent and Quaternary Plate Motions L.06. Геохимическое и геофизическое моделирование тектоники плит Geochemical and Geophysical Modelling of Plate Tectonics L.07. Геологические, геофизические и геохимические параметры глубинных структур континентов и океанических бассейнов Geological, Geophysical and Geochemical Constraints on the Deep Structure of the Continents and Ocean Basins L.08.. Сверхглубокое бурение на континентах Deep Continental Drilling .L.09. Поиски и освоение подземных вод в полупустынных зонах Groundwater Exploration and Development in Semi-Arid Zones L.10. Динамика земной коры в протерозое и эволюция литосферы Proterozoic Crustal Dynamics and Lithospheric Evolution 5 СИМПОЗИУМ /SYMPOSIUM -L.01 ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ОСАДОЧНЫХ БАССЕЙНОВ И ИХ МИНЕРАЛЬНЫЕ И ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ EVOLUTION OP SEDIMENTARY BASINS AND THEIR MINERAL AND ENERGY RESOURCES Conveners* R.W.Hutchinson, R.G.Garetsky, D.G.Roberts ARTYU3HK0V E.V., Institute of Physics of the Earth of the USSR Aca­ demy of Sciences, Moscow; BAER M.A. , USSR Ministry of Geology, Moscow, USSR MECHANISM OF FORMATION OF DEEP BASINS ON THE CONTINENTAL CRUST Formation of large deep basins on continental crust is usually ex­ plained by stretching. This phenomenon produces large deformations in the upper crust that are observed in some rift valleys. Many past basins on continental crust were strongly folded. The structure of their sedimentary cover was well studied in numerous sections. There are no deformations typical of stretching in the predominant part of the sections. Hence in most cases formation of the above basins was not caused by stretching. There are two main types of large deep basins on continental crust. The basins of the first type are formed in cratonic areas by large magnitude subsidence in a few m.y. Rapid subsidence without signifi­ cant stretching in cool areas may be explained by gabbro to eclogite transformation in the lover crust. Rapid transformation can arise under the upwelling to the crust of a hydrous low-velocity mantle of moderate temperature T'veOO^C. Sinking of dense eclogite into the mantle strongly attenuates the crust and lithosphere. That is why strong crustal shortening often occurs in such basins. The basins of the second type are deep cratonic sedimentary basins formed by compensated subsidence during the period of time of several hyndred m.y. of more. Their formation.can be attributed to slow eclo- gitization in the lowermost crust within the lithospheric layer of a high thickness^ 100 km. Intense crustual shortening does not take place in such basins, until rapid subsidence occurs in them. The basins of the above two types cover mush wider area than narrow continental rift valleys - typical structures produced by stretching. 3asic mechanisms for the continental crust subsidence premit to de­ termine geodynamic for the formation of hydrocarbon basina. 6 АРТЮШКОВ Е.В., Институт физики Земли Академии наук СССР,г.Москва;' БЕЭР М.А., Министерство геологии СССР, г.Москва, СССР МЕХАНИЗМ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ' ГЛУБОКИХ ПРОГИБОВ НА КОНТИНЕНТАЛЬНОЙ КО? Е Образование крупных глубоких прогибов на континентальной коре боль­ шинство исследователей объясняет растяжением. Сильное растяжение приводит к большим деформациям в верхней части коры, которые наблю­ даются в ряде рифтовых впадин. Многие древние прогибы на континентальной коре были вовлечены в ин­ тенсивную складчатость. Строение их осадочного чехла хорошо изучено в многочисленных разрезах.основных фанерозойских складчатых поясов: АльпийскогоjУральского, Верхоянского, Аппалачей, Северо-Американских Кордильер, каледонид и герцинид Западной Европы. В подавляющем боль­ шинстве случаев в нём отсутствуют деформации, характерные для сильно­ го растяжения. Следовательно, образование таких прогибов,как правило, не было обусловлено растяжением. Выделяются два основных типа глубоких прогибов на континентальной ко­ ре. Прогибы первого типа формируются на платформах за несколько млн. лет в результате погружений большой амплитуды. Такие быстрые погруже­ ния без сильного растяжения в холодных областях можно объяснить пере­ ходом габбро в эклогит в нижней части коры. Быстрый переход возника­ ет при подходе к коре водосодержащей аномальной мантии с умеренной температурой Т~800°С. Последующий отрыв и погружение тяжелого экло- гита в мантию сильно утоняет кору и литосферу. Поэтому большинство таких прогибов в дальнейшем вовлекается в сильное сжатие. Прогибы второго типа это глубокие платформенные осадочные бассейны, образованные компенсированным прогибанием за время в сотни млн.лет и более. Их формирование можно связать с медленной эклогитизацией в нижней части коры, протекающей в пределах литосферы большой мощности ^100 км. Такие прогибы не вовлекаются в сильное сжатие до тех пор, пока в их пределах не происходит быстрого погружения, характерного для прогибов первого типа. Прогибы описанных типов покрывают в сумме много большую площадь, чем узкие континентальные рифтовые впадины - типичные структуры, образо­ ванные растяжением. Знание основных механизмов погружений.континентальной коры позволяет определить геодинамические условия образования нефтегазоносных
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