Land Und Leute 17

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Vorwort 9 Herausragende Sehenswürdig keiten 10 Hinweise zur Benutzung 13 Entfernungstabelle 13 Das Wichtigste in Kürze 14 LAND UND LEUTE 17 Zahlen und Fakten 18 Geographie und Naturräume 19 Die Gewässer 19 Die Karakum-Wüste 20 Tier- und Pflanzenwelt 23 Geschichte 31 Die Achämeniden 31 Das gräko-baktrische Reich 33 Das Partherreich 34 Das Kuschanreich 36 Das Sassanidenreich 41 Die arabische Invasion 42 Die Samaniden 44 Die Seldschuken 44 Die Mongolen 45 Die Timuriden 47 Die Turkmenen vom 16. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert 50 Die russische Eroberung 52 Das >Große Spiel< 54 Der Basmatschi-Aufstand 56 Unter sowjetischer Herrschaft 56 Die Unabhängigkeit 58 Staat und Wirtschaft 61 Staatsaufbau und Politik 61 Bodenschätze 63 Das Kaspische Meer und der Streit ums Öl 64 Landwirtschaft und Bewässerung 66 Bevölkerung, Religion und Sprache 72 Religion 73 Geschichte des Islam 76 Der Zoroastrismus 80 Sitten und Gebräuche 81 Kleidung 84 Die Heirat 85 Die Sprache 86 Islamische Architektur 88 Die Moschee 88 Die Medrese 90 Das Mausoleum 91 Kunst und Kultur 92 Literatur 92 Kunsthandwerk 94 Essen und Trinken 98 ASHGABAT UND UMGEBUNG 103 Ashgabat 104 Geschichte 104 Das Zentrum 105 Berzengi 111 Altyn-Asyr-Basar 118 Ashgabat-Informationen 119 Die Umgebung von Ashgabat 124 Kiptschak 124 Nisa 125 Firuza-Schlucht und Chuli-Tal 128 Geok Depe 129 Bakharly 129 Nokhur 130 Bokurdok 131 Oase Erbent 132 Ein Feuerkrater in der Wüste 132 Anau 133 Die Ruinen von Abiverd 135 Meane-Baba-Mausoleum bei Dushak 136 Altyn Depe 136 BALKANABAT UND UMGEBUNG 139 Bai kanabat 140 Gözli Ata 141 Jangy Kala 143 Dekhistan 143 Paraw-Bibi-Schrein 145 Turkmenbashi 146 Awaza 150 MARY UND UMGEBUNG 155 Mary 156 Mary-Museum 156 Die Ruinen von Merw 159 Geschichte der Oase Merw 159 Anreise und Besichtigung 163 Erk Kala und Giaur Kala 165 Eishäuser 167 Sultan Kala 168 Außerhalb von Sultan Kala 171 Abdullah Khan Kala 173 Die Margiana-Region 175 Gonur 177 Das südliche Turkmenistan 178 Tagtabazar und die Höhlenstadt Ekedeshik 178 Seraghs 179 Badkhyz-Naturreservat 179 TURKMENABAT UND UMGEBUNG 181 Turkmenabat 182 Die Umgebung von Turkmenabat 184 Amu-Darja-Naturreservat 184 Dargan und die Karawanserei Daya Khatyn 185 Kerki 185 Kugitang-Naturreservat 186 Wüsten reservat Repetek 189 DASHOGUS UND UMGEBUNG 191 Dashogus 192 Rund um Dashogus 194 Konya Urgench 194 Devkesken 201 Izmukshir 202 Kaplan-Kyr-Reservat 203 Shasenem 203 REISETIPPS VON A BIS Z 205 ANHANG Sprachführer 219 Glossar 226 Literatur 228 Turkmenistan im Internet 229 Die Autorin 229 Danksagung 229 EXTRA Der Aralsee - Hintergründe einer ökologischen Katastrophe 26 Die Seidenstraße 37 Turkmenbashi der Große 60 Die turkmenischen Nomaden 69 Die Lebensweise der Turkmenen 83 Rukhnama - Das Goldene Buch der Turkmenen 93 Rezepte(für vier Personen) 101 Achal-Tekkiner Pferde 117 Poker um turkmenisches Gas 152 Die Legende vom Sultan Sanjar und seiner Frau 174 Gigantische Wasserbauprojekte 204.

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