THE LOST INDUSTRY: THE TURKMEN MARINE FISHERY The report DEMOCRATIC CIVIL UNION OF TURKMENISTAN With the support of The National Endowment for Democracy (NED), USA 2015
[email protected] THE LOST INDUSTRY: THE TURKMEN MARINE FISHERY Contents HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................. 2 MARINE FISHERY IN THE SOVIET ERA ................................................................................................. 4 MARINE FISHERY OF TURKMENISTAN IN THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD ................................................. 7 ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNICAL CAUSES OF THE DEGRADATION OF THE MARINE FISHERY ..... 12 NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC PROBLEMS OF THE CASPIAN SEA ............................................... 19 PROSPECTS OF MARINE FISHERY IN TURKMENISTAN ...................................................................... 20 1 THE LOST INDUSTRY: THE TURKMEN MARINE FISHERY THE LOST INDUSTRY: the Turkmen marine fishery HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Turkmens living in the South-Eastern shore of the Caspian sea – in the current cities Turkmenbashi, Khazar, Garabogaz 1and etraps Turkmenbashi and Esenguly2 – consider themselves the indigenous inhabitants of these places who settled in seaside thousands of years ago. According to the main occupation of their ancestors they call themselves hereditary fishermen and are proud of their fishing origins, especially in the coastal towns. It is confirmed by their way of life, daily graft, houses, cuisine, crafts,