Fig. 2. Stereoview by Bell & Bro., 1867, of Horatio Greenough, Rescue, marble, erected 1853, removed 1958, transferred to , 1976. north cheek block has a larger-than-life frontiersman protecting his wife and child by overpowering a semi- nude male native warrior (fig. 2). These statue groups were removed in 1958 when the East Front was extended. The figure of the frontiersman in the Rescue group was damaged when it was dropped from a crane during removal to a storage facility in 1976. The Discovery group also was never returned, perhaps as a reflection of twentieth century in attitude toward the way Native Americans had been depicted. The triangular pediment on the east front of the new Senate wing was still another opportunity to replicate the motif of Native American decadence. Design of the sculptures for the pediment was assigned to Thomas Crawford. An American living in Rome, he had been trained by the Danish neo-classical sculptor Bertel Thorwaldsen and was considered one of the leading American sculptors of his time. The Progress of Civilization (originally appropriately entitled The Rise of American Civilization and the Decadence of the CAPITOL HISTORICAL SOCIETY Indian Races in Crawford’s correspondence) is clearly in tune with the underlying ideology. On the pediment of the entry figure of America. She looks heavenward in recognition of the to the Senate wing, it recapitulated the story of Euro-American role of Providence in the national expansion. settlement across the continent. The pediment sculpture was To the right of the figure of America, a figure of the woodsman erected in 1863; the initial figure is a central female with his ax is emblematic of the progress of civilization, while the adjacent Indian on the right, a hunter, is emblematic of the wil- derness. To the left of the central figure stands the soldier, then the Fig. 3. Detail of Progress of Civilization, by Thomas merchant with his hand on the globe, and finally the mechanic Crawford, Senate Pediment, East Front, marble, symbolizing industrial and agricultural accomplishment. Standing 1863. See also Fig. 8A on pages 20-21. clothed schoolboys contrast with the crouching dying Indian chief on the right (fig. 3). The role of the Indian is to give way and for his family to fade into oblivion ending in the grave. It is in the Rotunda that this motif is most highly developed. Even in the 1830s, reliefs over the doors to the Rotunda documented mainly pre-Revolutionary War episodes that reflected the subordination of the indigenous Indians to the Euro- Americans. The relief over the west door, The Preservation of Captain Smith by Pocahontas (1825), illustrated the act of inter- cession by the Indian princess that saved the Jamestown settle- ment (fig. 4). Above the east door, the Landing of the Pilgrims (1825) relief illustrated the equally important landing by the founders of the New England settlement, who were aided by the gift of corn from the subservient kneeling noble savage (fig. 5). William Penn’s Treaty with the Indians (1827) above the north door

THE CAPITOL DOME 25 ARCHITECTOFTHECAPITOL

Fig. 4. Preservation of Captain Smith by Pocahontas, 1606, by Antonio Capellano, 1825, sandstone, Capitol rotunda above west door. showed a more egalitarian and peaceful relationship but one that encounters between Europeans and Native Americans. The new ultimately resulted in the sacrifice of Indian land to the profit of set of paintings uses Christian events and Christian symbolism. Penn and his settlers (fig. 6). The Conflict of and the The provision of Christianity to the heathen Indian provided the Indians (1826-27) over the south door demonstrated the fourth moral basis and justification for their conquest. method of subjugation by war (fig. 7). The real person of Daniel The first painting, by John Gadsby Chapman, was commis- Boone by then had become a legend, a paradigm of the white sioned in 1837 and hung in 1840. It illustrates the Baptism of hunter who led the settlers westward during the Revolutionary Pocahontas at Jamestown, Virginia (fig. 8). Rather than the better War era as an agent of civilization opposed to the untamed wilder- known story of John Smith, it emphasizes the transformation of ness and the savage and bloodthirsty Indian. the heathen princess into a Christian Virginian. Her subsequent These motifs of interaction continued in the four paintings marriage to John Rolfe and the birth of a son made her the commissioned to supplement those painted by John Trumbull to ancestor of several of Virginia’s “First Families.” With commemorate the Revolutionary era. The topics continue to of her baptismal name of Rebecca, there is a suggestion that she emphasize the legitimization of national expansion following would be the forerunner of a Christianized Indian nation.

26 THE CAPITOL DOME SUMMER 2013 ARCHITECTOFTHECAPITOL

Fig. 5. Landing of the Pilgrims, 1620, by Enrico Causici, 1825, sandstone, Capitol Rotunda, above east door.

The next painting to be installed was by Robert W. Weir, a accomplish their providential mission as was the case of New York artist of the Hudson River School. Just as Chapman’s the Israelites in their conquest of Canaan. painting memorialized an enduring myth of the founding of The next Rotunda painting was the Landing of Columbus at the Virginia, Weir’s painting presents a founding myth of the Island of Guanahani, West Indies (fig. 10). The artist, John Plymouth colony in Massachusetts. Commissioned in 1837 Vanderlyn, was trained under Gilbert Stuart in London but then and hung in 1844, the New England founders are portrayed in went on to be the first of the American painters to train in France. prayer in The Embarkation of the Pilgrims (fig. 9). The image Commissioned in 1842, his painting gave visual form to the is that of the Chosen People about to embark to found a New actions depicted in Washington Irving’s romanticized biography of World of religious freedom. The settlement at Plymouth, Christopher Columbus. In a recurrent theme in the portrayals in Massachusetts became the premier founding myth of the various media in the Capitol, the explorer stands triumphant in nation since it was associated with the origins of American the center with a drawn sword while bearing the standard of the democracy in the Mayflower Compact. The evidence of arms Spanish monarchs with a cross also . The Europeans form and armor in the picture points to the use of force to the largest part of the picture with the natives on the side gazing

SUMMER 2013 THE CAPITOL DOME 27 in wonder or adoration. The European side is in light bringing civilization to the darkened area of the natives. The last painting, placed in 1855 but actually commissioned in 1847 during the Mexican War, was Discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto by William Henry Powell (fig. 11). A New York painter trained under Henry Inman, Powell also painted Perry’s Victory on , which hangs in the east staircase of the Senate wing. In the Discovery of the Mississippi, Indian tepees and European flags frame the central regal figure of the explorer on a white horse, juxtaposing the two cultures, one “savage” and the other “civilized.” The cross is prominent. Implements of war are also prominent while the Indians are shown as submissive. The cross and the sword are both evident as the “civilizing” instruments of the European conquest of the North American continent. Opportunities for further decoration of the Rotunda under the newly completed dome were fulfilled mainly by Constantino Brumidi. He brought prevailing themes into his work that reflect the ideology of national expansion. Part of Brumidi’s work in the Rotunda consisted of a frieze at the base of the new dome (fig. 12). Designed in 1859 in the model of the spiral of scenes on the Column of Trajan in Rome, it was actually started much later and was incomplete at the time of his death in 1880. The frieze commemorates the New World’s “higher achieve- ments of civilization.” The scroll begins with one of the most frequently used symbols. The figure of America holds the shield in one hand, a spear in the other, and an eagle. Once again, the “Landing of Columbus” is the first scene in the narrative of histor- ical events in American history, followed by “Cortez and Montezuma at Mexican Temple” and “Pizarro Going to Peru” before coming to “DeSoto’s Burial in the .” Inclu- sion of the Spanish conquerors of the indigenous peoples in the Rotunda frieze suggests a connection between them and the fulfillment of their mission by the United States as their true heir. The next scenes replicate the stone reliefs already over the doors leading to the Rotunda dealing with John Smith and Jamestown, the Pilgrims, and William Penn’s treaty with the Indians (with the addition of the depiction of the equivalent treaty by James Oglethorpe, the founder of the settlement at Savannah in Georgia). The section on the American Revolution starts with the Battle of Lexington before it once again replicates the themes of Trumbull’s Rotunda paintings of the “Declaration of Independence” and the “Surrender of Cornwallis” at Yorktown. However, there is then a new topic that reflects for the first time the . A panel designed by Constantino Brumidi, but executed after his death by Filippo Costaggini, depicts the death of Tecumseh (fig. 13). He was the leader of the Indian Confederation Fig. 6. William Penn's Treaty with the Indians, 1682, by Nicholas Gevelot, 1827, sandstone, Capitol Rotunda, supporting the British in the War of 1812 with the aim of thwarting above north door. American expansion into the trans-Appalachian area. The death of

28 THE CAPITOL DOME SUMMER 2013 the Shawnee leader Tecumseh took place at the Battle of the Thames in October 1813 when the U.S. Army under the command of Gen. William Henry Harrison defeated a mixed British-Indian force. Tecumseh and his Indians stood their ground while the British regulars broke ranks when attacked. The figures on the panel in the frieze include Col. Richard M. Johnson, mounted on a horse, in the act of shooting Tecumseh. The significance of this act can be measured by its political repercussions long after. The political slogan in the election of 1836 crediting Johnson with this exploit was sufficient to propel him to the vice-presidency. In turn, the slogan crediting William Henry Harrison for his victory at Tippecanoe over the brother of Tecumseh in 1811 helped propel him to the presidency in 1840. The death of Shawnee chief Tecumseh was an irreplaceable loss. Respected by friend and foe, he had organized braves from many of the northwestern tribes to fight at the Battle of Fallen Timbers against General “Mad” Anthony Wayne in 1794; he aided the British in their capture of Detroit in August 1812 and in the fighting in 1813. No comparable leader arose to take his place in opposing the white settlement of the lands east of the Mississippi, one of the most lasting effects of that war. Still other evidence of Tecumseh’s significance is the marble sculpture The Dying Tecumseh (fig. 14) by the German-born sculptor Ferdinand Pettrich (fig. 15). Born in Dresden, Germany in 1798, he too studied in Rome with Danish sculptor Thorwaldsen. He came to the United States in 1835 but then moved to Brazil where he lived most of the rest of his life. Many of his subjects were Native Americans. The Dying Tecumseh was commissioned in 1856 in Rio de Janeiro and brought to the U.S. Capitol in 1864, where it was installed temporarily in Statuary Hall (fig. 14A). It was mentioned as being in the Rotunda at the time of President Lincoln’s funeral in April 1865. It was lost to view when transferred to the collection of the Corcoran Art Gallery in 1874 and then to the National Museum in 1916. There it remained until brought into public view in 2012 as a dramatic focal point of the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery exhibit on the bicentennial of the War of 1812 (fig. 14B). In the style of the great classical statue of The Dying Gaul, it finally gives credit

to the nobility of the Indian Tecumseh as one of the worthiest )

adversaries of the frontier. BOTH (

Mark N. Ozer is a former professor of neurology at the Georgetown University Medical School. His interest in history, geography, and urban development has resulted in the publication of a series of books, including Washington, D.C.: Politics and Place (2009), Massachusetts Avenue in the Gilded Age ARCHITECTOFTHECAPITOL (2010), Northwest Washington, D.C.: Tales from West of Fig. 7. Conflict of Daniel Boone and the Indians, 1773, the Park (2011), and Washington D.C. Streets and Statues: by Enrico Causici, 1826-27, sandstone, Capitol Rotunda, Walking in the Steps of History (2012). above south door.

SUMMER 2013 THE CAPITOL DOME 29 ALLARCHITECTOFTHECAPITOL

Fig. 8. Baptism of Pocahontas at Jamestown, Virginia, 1613, by John G. Chapman, placed 1840, Capitol Rotunda.

Fig. 9. Embarkation of the Pilgrims, by Robert W. Weir, placed 1843, Capitol Rotunda. Fig. 10. Landing of Columbus at the Island of Guanahani, West Indies, October 12th, 1492, by John Vanderlyn, placed 1847, Capitol Rotunda.

Fig. 11. Discovery of the Mississippi by De Soto, A.D. 1541, by William H. Powell, placed 1855, Capitol Rotunda. ARCHITECTOFTHECAPITOL

Fig. 12. The Frieze of American History in the Capitol Rotunda depicts nineteen scenes in American history. Begun in 1878 by Constantino Brumidi, it was continued after his death in 1880 by Filippo Costaggini; Allyn Cox completed a 31-foot gap in the frieze in 1953.

Fig. 15. Ferdinand Pettrich, Smithsonian American Art Museum, museum acquisition XX24. SMITHSONIANAMERICANARTMUSEUM ARCHITECTOFTHECAPITOL Fig. 14A. Dying Tecumseh, by Ferdinand Pettrich, displayed in the Capitol Rotunda, stereoview by G.D. Wakely, ca. 1865-1870.

PHOTOGRAPHYCOLLECTION, MIRIAMANDIRA D. WALLACH DIVISION OF ART, PRINTSAND PHOTOGRAPHS, NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY

Fig. 14B. Ferdinand Pettrich, Dying Tecumseh, 1856, marble. Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C.

SMITHSONIANAMERICANARTMUSEUM

Fig. 13. “Col. Johnson & Tecumseh” scene depicts the death of the Shawnee leader (far right) at the Battle of the Thames in 1813. This section of the frieze was designed by Brumidi and painted by Costaggini.

SUMMER 2013 CAPITOL DOME 33 Donors to the U. S. Capitol Historical Society January – December 2012

Donations to the U.S. Capitol Historical Society ensure that the programs possible, as well as the many individuals who donate their Capitol remains a recognized symbol of freedom and democracy, time and talent toward our mission. Donors contributing at the and that its history continues to educate Americans and the world Cornerstone Level and above during 2012 are listed below. Individ- about our nation’s and governing institutions. The Society uals who gave an annual donation and have a public service, work, thanks all its supporters who make its outreach and scholarship or family relationship to the Capitol are noted with an asterisk *.

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Marion Council for Opportunity Mr. Spencer M. Miche Transportation Trades Mr. Michael McCurry in Education Microsoft Corporation Department AFL Mr. Robert L. Montague III CSX Corporation Milne Family Limited Partnership Mr. and Mrs. Terry Turner Mr. Powell A. Moore Mr. and Ms Frank L. NAICU UAW Region 5 Western States Ms Susan O'Neill Culbertson Jr. National Association for College Political Action Committee Mr. Donald Pamenter Cuneo Gilbert & LLP Admission Counseling Unite Here Mr. Terrence Restivo David Woods Kemper National Association of Student United Mine Workers of America Rockwell Collins Memorial Foundation Financial Aid Administrators United Space Alliance Mr. Bruce G. Rogers Day & Zimmerman Lone Star, LLC National Center for Learning United Steelworkers of America Ms Victoria D. Schwartz Disney Worldwide Services, Inc Disabilities, Inc. Value Recovery Group, Inc. Ms Adelle Simmons Downey McGrath Group, Inc. NBAA Charities Mr. David C. Whitestone Mr. Albert H. Small Engineering & Computer Mr. and Mrs. Erle A. Nye Mr. and Mrs. Paul Yarossi Mr. Kevin Smith Simulations, Inc. Orbital Sciences Corporation Mr. and Mrs. Eugene H. Zagat, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. E. L. Tipton Equity Foundation Mr. Mark Tuohey Federation Of Hospitals The Hon. Barbara F. Vucanovich FedEx Corporation CATEGORIES OF GIVING Ms Karen Wassman Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund Leadership Council $25,000 & above Florida East Coast Railway, LLC DONORS TO THE Mr. and Mrs. Darrell Frost Constitution Signers $15,000 – $24,999 U.S. CAPITOL Gephardt Group Government Brumidi Society $10,000 – $14,999 PORTRAIT COLLECTION Affairs, LLC Capitol Founder/Steward $5,000 – $9,999 AACRAO Harris Corporation Capitol Benefactor $2,500 – $4,999 Aecom US Federal PAC Mr. and Mrs. Todd J. Hauptli Capitol Circle $1,000 – $2,499 The Heyday Foundation AFL-CIO Architect of History $500 – $999 AFSCME Honeywell Rotunda Society $250 – $499 Mr. Fred Allen Human Rights Foundation Cornerstone Society $100 – $249 American Airlines Husch Blackwell, LLP American Association of Colleges International Brotherhood Freedom Society $75 – $99 for Teacher Education of Boilermakers Charter Member $50 – $74

SUMMER 2013 Please consider the U.S. Capitol Historical Society in your estate planning. THE CAPITOL DOME 37 SOCIETYNEWS Youth 2013 Forum

Senator Saxby Chambliss (GA) spoke briefly and then took questions from students.

n April 11, area high school students joined Members of Students came to the Congress and Hill staffers in the Capitol Visitor Center microphone to ask O questions. Senate Committee on Energy and Congressional Auditorium for the U.S. Capitol Historical Society’s Natural Resources staff member annual Youth Leadership Forum. This year’s theme, “Working Lara Pierpoint Across the Aisle,” led speakers (pictured) to reflect on their favorite or proudest accomplishments and even some of decisions they now wish they’d made differently. In addition, Michael Hussey and Christine Blackerby of the National Archives and Records Administration led students through an activity that had them replacing the dialogue in political cartoons to show politicians working together. The final panel of the day included a number of staffers: Jen Becker (Rep. Carolyn Maloney, NY); Cisco Minthorn (Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources); Brett Loper (Speaker John Boehner, OH); and Clare Sierawski (Sen. William Cowan, MA). They answered questions from the students that ranged from polit- ical issues to the Hill as a workplace to favorite sports teams.

USCHS extends our thanks to Washington Gas and Akin, Former Members of Congress shared their varied experiences with Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld LLP for sponsoring the program, the audience. Panelists included (from left) Rep., which included both lunch and educational materials for all the Speaker Dennis Hastert, and Rep. Vic Fazio. Later in the day, Rep. students and teachers. also spoke to the students.

38 THE CAPITOL DOME SUMMER 2013 SPRING BOOK SIGNING LUNCHES Lunchtime events continued apace this spring. Four authors joined us to talk about their subjects and the process of working on their books. Check our website (www.uschs.org) often to keep up-to-date on our upcoming events. Kay Collett Goss, author of Mr. Chairman: The Life and Legacy of Wilbur Mills, discussed the ups and downs of Rep. Mills’ career on March 7.

On March 20, Maurine Beasley reviewed the women of the Washington press corps from 1830 to the present; she highlighted some of Mike Canning concluded the series Jim Johnston (with USCHS intern Leah Shafer) the early personalities as well as more on April 24; his talk about his book, spoke on April 17 about Yarrow Mamout and his general experiences of the twentieth- Hollywood on the Potomac, included descendants. Johnston also wrote about his work, century journalists she covered in movie clips and discussions about From Slave Ship to Harvard: Yarrow Mamout and Women of the Washington Press: “goofs” in various films set on the History of an African American Family, on our Politics, Prejudice, and Persistence. and elsewhere in DC. blog (uschs.wordpress.com).

Tour of the Capitol Grounds This May, USCHS members were invited on a tour of the landscape design of Capitol Square, led by Superintendent of the Capitol Grounds Ted Bechtol. Tour highlights included a tree grown from a seedbed of Connecticut’s famous Charter Oak; a brief history of the development and preservation of the Capitol grounds, as well as a look into its dedication to sustainability; and a glimpse into possible future renovations of Olmsted’s pictur- esque Summerhouse on the north side of the Capitol. The spring tour schedule also included explorations of the and Historic Congressional Cemetery, along with an exploration of the spies of Capitol Hill. These and similar tours, offered in both spring and fall, are a benefit of USCHS membership. A view of the grotto in the Summerhouse on the Capitol Grounds 2013SPRING SYMPOSIUM

n May 3 in the Dirksen Senate Office Building, the U.S. Capitol Historical Society held its annual O symposium. This year’s entry, “Congress, the Home Front, and the Civil War,” was the tenth in the series The National Capital in a Nation Divided: Congress and the District of Columbia Confront Sectionalism and Slavery.After several years focusing on the Civil War, the military, and related develop- ments, this program provided a shift in topic: speakers examined Congress and Washington in the early 1860s without prioritizing the fighting and war efforts. owen williams, President of Transyl- vania University, Paul Finkelman (left) moderates a panel discussion including, from left, Kenneth Winkle, Jenny Bourne, and Peter Wallenstein. opened the program with a discussion of the tensions during the war, noted changes, and between the explored why DC’s unique qualities branches of govern- made it the place to experiment ment in Washington with emancipation. Finally, author during the Civil War, Guy Gugliottaconsidered the especially between Capitol dome we know now, its Congress and the design and development before the Supreme Court. war, its mid-war dedication, and its Carleton College’s symbolic weight. Jenny Bourne C-SPAN recorded the afternoon followed with an session and aired the talks this examination of the fall on American History TV. ways Congress paid To view them, go to Guy GuGLioTTa for the war and www.c-span.org/History and search transformed the for one of the speakers using his full name. financial landscape of govern- ment. Peter wallenstein, owen wiLLiaMS from Virginia Polytechnic Institute, concluded the morning session by considering the Morrill Land-Grant College Act. Symposium Director Paul Finkelman (Albany Law School) began the afternoon session by looking at the little-known Dakota War of 1862, one of the largest instances of Native American armed resistance in the U.S.; it concluded with the largest mass execution in American history when 38 Dakota Sioux were hung. Kenneth winkle, from the University of Lincoln- Nebraska, then looked at conditions in the District Jenny Bourne talks with audience members after presenting her paper. THE CAPITOL DOME BOOKSHELF New & Noteworthy Books on Congressional and Capitol History We continue our series presenting newly published books on congressional or Capitol history that are worthy of the attention of our readers. If you have a recommendation for a book to add to the Capitol Dome bookshelf, please contact us at [email protected]. Books should be nonfiction, pertain to the history of the Capitol or Congress, and have been published within the last two years.

NEIL MACNEIL AND RICHARD A. BAKER The result of this fortuitous collabo- The American Senate: An Insider’s History ration is a book that no less an authority (Oxford University Press, 2013), 472 pp. than historian William E. Leuchtenburg has called “the best history of the ever written. . . . Fifty years ago to the history of the institution. For With trenchant analysis and scores Time magazine’s seventeen years prior to his death in of great yarns, this lively book draws the chief congres- 2008, he doggedly researched the upper reader directly into the Senate sional corre- chamber, the United States Senate, to chamber—from the days of Calhoun spondent Neil compile a companion volume. The and Webster to the era of Goldwater MacNeil pub- Senate’s first official historian, Richard A. and Byrd.” lished a seminal history of the United Baker, who had held regular conversa- This latest addition to the Capitol States of Representatives,Forge of tions with MacNeil about his work, took Bookshelf is available for purchase from Democracy. Two generations of students up the project after he retired as Senate the U.S. Capitol Historical Society by of congressional history have turned to historian in 2009 and brought the book mail order or from our online store that book as the single best introduction to completion. at www.uschs.org. Contest Winners Recognized

At the May 3 symposium, one of our entry in the Junior Division (grades 6-8). 2012 Making Democracy Work Student In April, Vaishnavi Rao accepted the Essay Contest winners accepted his prize. first place award in the Senior Division omar Qureshi was an eighth grade (grades 9-12). She was a junior at Canyon student at Greenspun Junior High School Crest Academy in San Diego, California in Henderson, Nevada when he when she submitted her essay, “The competed in the contest. His essay, Unsung Hero’s Gift to America,” to the “What You Don’t Know Can Hurt You,” 2012 contest. was judged the most outstanding The schools each student attended USCHS Board Member Richard Holwill when they entered the contest also presented Vaishnavi Rao (left) with received awards this spring. For more her award on behalf of sponsor Amway information about Qureshi and Rao, visit Corporation. the News & Events section of our website, www.uschs.org. For more Omar Qureshi (right) with USCHS Vice information about the current Making President for Scholarship and Educa- Democracy Work Student Essay Contest, tionDon Kennon. see the back cover of this newsletter or

SUMMER 2013 THE CAPITOL DOME 41 CAPITOL COMMITTEE UPDATES Development Political Science from George- town University. Committee In addition to his service Spotlight with USCHS, Merski sits on the board of the Washington Rich Merski has been an World Affairs Council, is a The U.S. Capitol Historical essential member of the senior advisor of the U.S.-Asia Society’s Capitol USCHS Development Foundation, and is a member Committee is supported Committee since July 2012. dent and counsel at the of both the D.C. and Virginia by over 110 corporations, Merski is a highly accom- American International Bar Associations. Formerly, he plished government affairs Group; legislative director and served on the boards of the associations, and founda- professional, with over 25 tax counsel for the Honorable Atlantic Council, the Congres- tions. We would like to years of experience advising Richard Schulze (R-PA); and as sional Economic Leadership welcome Syngenta, our both Members of Congress an attorney at Collier, Institute, and the Organization newest Founder Level and senior executives from Shannon, Rill and Scott. for International Investment ($5,000) member to the the world’s largest financial Merski earned a law degree and was the chairman of the Committee. Thank you firms. He has served as senior from the University of Virginia Fairfax County Volunteer for your generosity. vice president and counsel of School of Law, an MA in Polit- Emergency Families for the federal government affairs ical Science and Government Children. Merski resides in department at Zurich Insur- from Columbia University, and Virginia with his wife, son, ance Company, Ltd; vice presi- a BA in both Economics and and daughter.

Sommers addresses the crowd.

USCHS CALENDAR n Friday, May 17, members of the U.S. O Capitol Historical Society’s Constitution NOVEMBER Signers ($15,000) and Leadership Council ($25,000) membership levels joined Mike 2013 Freedom Award and Reception Sommers, chief of staff for Speaker John Honoring Hon. William S. Cohen and Boehner, for lunch. Sommers opined on the Hon. Norman Mineta current situation in Congress and discussed Sommers in conversation with For Cornerstone Members and above the agenda of both the Speaker and Repub- Rob Lively (Express Scripts) Thursday, November 14 lican Party. Afterwards, guests and USCHS USCHS CLOSINGS staffers had a chance to ask questions. November 28-29 (Thanksgiving) For more photos from the event, please visit the USCHS website. December 24-26 (Christmas) December 31-January 1 (New Year’s Day) The U.S. Capitol Historical Society would like to thank Express Scripts for hosting this lunch and Mike Sommers for his time with us. Check our updated calendar at www.uschs.org for events still in the works! YOUR INFORMATION READER Name(s): E-mail: RESPONSES Complete the appropriate sections of this page to enroll as a Society member, Street Address: renew your membership, give a gift membership, or order items from The Dome Market Place. City: State: Zip Code: If you are giving a gift membership, please provide the person’s name and address below. CHECK ALL THAT APPLY: GIFT MEMBERSHIP: q New Membership q Membership Renewal q Gift Membership q Event Registration q Marketplace Order q Volunteering

LEVEL OF MEMBERSHIP q $50-$74 q $75-$99 q $100-$249 *CAPITOL ALUMNI Charter Member Freedom Society Cornerstone Society MEMBERSHIP: The Society recognizes the service q $250-$499 q $500-$999 q $1,000-$4,999 of individuals, family members and Rotunda Society Architect of History Capitol Circle descendants of those who have served in the U. S. Congress. Our Capitol Alumni q Please record me as a Capitol Alumni Member* members represent the living history that USCHS is charged to preserve. Complete form and fax to (202) 544-8244. DOME MARKETPLACE Or call toll-free at (800) 887-9318. To become a Capitol Alumni Member, please tell us your connection with the Capitol. Item Number Quantity Unit Price Extended Price

EVENT REGISTRATION: List the events that you wish to attend. Include your name(s) and a phone number at which we may contact you.

SHIPPING AND HANDLING SUB-TOTAL: YES, I/WE WILL ATTEND: 00 01 00 $20 or less $7.95 $50 to $75 $18.95 SHIPPING: $2001 to $3000 $8.95 $7501 to $10000 $24.95 $3001 to $4000 $12.95 MORE THAN $100.00 $34.95 MEMBERSHIP: $4001 to $5000 $14.95 PLEASE ADD $2500 SHIPPING FOR EACH FRAMED PRINT. TOTAL DUE: FOR PACKAGES OVER 25 LBS., ADD $10 PER ADDITIONAL 10 LBS. METHOD OF PAYMENT You may fax this form to (202) 544-8244 or mail it to: USCHS, q Enclosed is a Check or Money Order payable to: U.S.Capitol Historical Society 200 Maryland Ave., NE q I am paying by Credit Card (please circle one): Washington, DC 20002-5796 VISA MC AMEX DISCOVER Questions? Call toll-free CARD # Expiration Date: (800) 887-9318 For local calls, Cardholder Signature (required): (202) 543-8919, ext. 10. 201313 HOLIDAAYY FREEDFREEDOM ORNAMENT

e br e Sonz e atue of F eedom brt Ty amoh s rawforrawforC is he crd ot ning erufeatwning erufeatw ehtfo dome the Uof ited Sn tates Capitol. e statue stands 19 feet 6 inches tall and weighsighs approe ximately 15,000 pounds. arC ffttede ffrr mo the marble of the east ffrr tno vmoerspets eded during the 1995 r -en vo aations,tions, the S atue of Frt eedom is framed 24kt in 24kt gold rwith ed, white, and blue detail. E llegantly gift boxxed.ed. (2 1/4” X ”3 ) #002706 $26.00 emberMember $23.40 2013 HORSE DRAAWNWN CARRIAARRIAAGEGE ORNAMENORNAMENT

A horse drawn carriage carries a spruce treeee to a family gathering with the United tates States Capitol in backgrthe und. Ho Holiday ccolorsolors and 24kt gold p eccagnital ihttne s uuniquenique hand-crafte lanogatcod .epahs The beautifully gdengides i fftt bo ixo s a k of arwor art alone. (3 1/2” x 3 1/2”) 5” TASTAATUETUE OFO FREEDOM #002709 $24.00 em bers Members $21.60 Smaller rreplicaeplicaeplica of the U. S. Capit nworcs’lo - ing symbol of freedomdom and democracyy.. rafted frC omom the marble steps r vemo ed from the east front of the Capitol in the ations. Mveno1995 r ations. Mveno1995 ade in the USA. #002716 $28.00 FOUR-ST-STTAAAGEGE embersM $25.20 PORRCELCELLLAINAIN BOOXX

Beautiful collectible box features the four stages of the Capitol s ar’ chitectural development around the base and an tistic rar endering of the current east front plaza on the lid. (3 1/4” x 2 1/2” x 1”) #002515 $39.95 embersM $35.95

For Order toling l fr c alee l:: 1-800-887-9318, 00-887-9318,, extt.. 10 CAPITCAP OL PLLAAATTTER TThishis bone china serving platter b Pickary d is framed by fostnemele Constantino B s ar’umidir chitectural motifs and decorated with a turn-of the-century colored engraving. (12 1/2” x 9 1/4”) #001184 $175.00 Members $157.50

THE CONGRESSIONALESSIONAL CL LUBUB COOKBOOK Copper edges and the look and feel of ne leather binding add elegance toto this classic cookbook that includes a gathering of national and inter- national reecipescipes and historic vignettes from WWashington,ashington,ashing D.C. Copper embossing on the coverer and a copper-coloreedd ribbon marker nish this collectible volume. 775 pp. #001815#001815 $59.95 Members $53.95

THE AMERICANN SENAATE:TE: AN INSIDER’SER’S HISTTORORRYY

is ground breaking,eaking, comprehensiv his-e tory of the United Statestates Senate is the sult of twre enty yearsears of research by two authorities on Senate historyy.. A long- time TTimeimee magazine congressional cor- respondent and the former historian of the U.S. Seenatenate examine both institu- ttionalional continuities and recent changes that oer surprising insights into the origins of partisan gridlock. H dcoar ervdco , 16 B&W halff-- tones 472 pp., 2013, by N il MacNe eil and Richar A. B .akerd #002755 $29.95 em bers Members $26.95

COLLUMBUSUMUMBUS DOOR BOOKENDS rafted frC oomm the marble taken from the east froontnt steps during the 1995 r veno aations,tions, these bookends are based on the 17-foot tall, 20,000 pound bronze doors in the east froontnt of the Capitol building. e doors hav a cur ed semicirve ccularular tympanum above two es that aralvv e each divided into four panels that depict the life of Christopher Columbus. Engraved in the base of the bookends is a quote by Carl Sandburg: “Whenever a People or an Institution Forgets its H d Bar eginnings it is Beginning to Decayy..” (9 1/2” x 5” x 3”) #002404 $128.00 Members $115.20

VISI OVISI ST TORTORUR E AATT: WWWW.USCHSC.USCH.USCHSCAATTTALAL GOG.ORG NON PROFIT ORG US POSTAGE PAID PERMIT NO. 9690 WASHINGTON, D.C. 200 Maryland Ave., NE Washington, DC 20002 (202) 543-8919 (800) 887-9318 e-mail: [email protected]

The Historical Society Announces the 2013 Making Democracy Work Student Essay Contest

On September 30, 2013 the United States Capitol Historical “We are proud to offer talented students the opportunity to Society formally announced its Making Democracy Work showcase their thoughtful perspectives about what it means Student Essay Contest for the 2013-2014 school year. The to be an American citizen today,” said Society President contest is designed to further the organization’s mission to Ronald Sarasin. “We hope our contest will be a catalyst for promote the history of the and an important national discussion about democracy, citizen- American representative government and is made possible ship and our collective responsibilities as Americans.” by a grant from Express Scripts. The subject of the 2013 contest is: The nationwide contest is open to all students in two The rights and responsibilities of citizenship. categories: a junior division contest for students in grades Students should consider the rights that are guaranteed by 6-8 and a senior division contest for students in grades 9-12. the Constitution and the corresponding duties that citizens owe to implement and protect those rights for themselves Three prizes will be awarded in each division: and for others. How do these rights and responsibilities • a first place prize of $1,000 and a trip to Washington, DC affect you and your family? Why is it important to be aware to accept the prize, of your rights and responsibilities? • a second place prize of $500, and • a third place prize of $250. Complete information on the contest, including contest rules • The schools of the two first place winners will also and entry forms, can be found at the U.S. Capitol Historical receive a $1,000 cash award. Society’s website: www.uschs.org.

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