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Functional Expression of the P2X7 ATP

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Functional Expression of the P2X7 ATP Functional Expression of the P2X7 ATP Receptor Requires Eros Yuta Ryoden, Toshihiro Fujii, Katsumori Segawa and Shigekazu Nagata This information is current as of September 27, 2021. J Immunol published online 20 December 2019 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/early/2019/12/20/jimmun ol.1900448 Downloaded from Supplementary http://www.jimmunol.org/content/suppl/2019/12/20/jimmunol.190044 Material 8.DCSupplemental Why The JI? Submit online. http://www.jimmunol.org/ • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication *average by guest on September 27, 2021 Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2019 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. Published December 20, 2019, doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1900448 The Journal of Immunology Functional Expression of the P2X7 ATP Receptor Requires Eros Yuta Ryoden, Toshihiro Fujii,1 Katsumori Segawa, and Shigekazu Nagata In response to extracellular ATP, the purinergic receptor P2X7 mediates various biological processes, including phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) exposure, phospholipid scrambling, dye uptake, ion transport, and IL-1b production. A genome-wide CRISPR screen for molecules responsible for ATP-induced PtdSer exposure identified a transmembrane protein, essential for reactive oxygen species (Eros), as a necessary component for P2X7 expression. An Eros-null mouse T cell line lost the ability to expose PtdSer, to scramble phospholipids, and to internalize a dye YO-PRO-1 and Ca2+ ions. Eros-null mutation abolished the ability of an LPS-primed human THP-1 macrophage cell line and mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages to secrete IL-1b in response to ATP. Eros is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and functions as a chaperone for NADPH oxidase components. Similarly, Eros at the endoplasmic reticulum transiently associated with P2X7 to promote the formation of a stable homotrimeric complex of P2X7. Downloaded from These results indicated that Eros acts as a chaperone not only for NADPH oxidase, but also for P2X7, and contributes to the innate immune reaction. The Journal of Immunology, 2020, 204: 000–000. hosphatidylserine (PtdSer), an abundant phospholipid in ubiquitously expressed in various cells, are located at the plasma the plasma membrane, is confined to the inner membrane membrane, and are responsible for maintaining PtdSer at the P leaflet by the action of flippases (1–3). In various biological inner leaflet of the plasma membrane together with their partner, http://www.jimmunol.org/ processes, scramblases nonspecifically distribute phospholipids CDC50A (4, 5). Two families of membrane proteins, XK-related between the outer and inner leaflets, thereby exposing PtdSer. (XKR) and transmembrane protein 16 (TMEM16), each carrying Consequently, cells undergoing apoptosis irreversibly expose PtdSer, 10 putative transmembrane regions, function as scramblases (6–9). whereas activated platelets, capacitated sperm, activated lymphocytes, XKR8 is a member of the XKR family and is localized to the and transformed cancerous cells reversibly expose PtdSer. plasma membrane together with basigin or neuroplasin (10). XKR8 In contrast, flippases specifically translocate PtdSer and phos- is ubiquitously expressed in various cells and is activated by caspase- phatidylethanolamine from the outer to inner leaflet of the plasma mediated cleavage or kinase-mediated phosphorylation to expose membrane in an ATP-dependent manner (2). We previously showed PtdSer on the cell surface (11). TMEM16F, also called anoctamin 6, that among 14 P4-ATPases in humans, ATP11A and ATP11C are is ubiquitously expressed and functions as a scramblase in response by guest on September 27, 2021 to a high concentration of Ca2+ (6). Loss-of-function mutations in TMEM16F cause human and mouse platelets to show delayed Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Research PtdSer exposure and microparticle release (12, 13), indicating Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565- 0871, Japan that TMEM16F is responsible for scrambling the phospholipids 1 in activated platelets. Current address: Laboratory of Biochemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan. One of the biological processes in which cells expose PtdSer is ORCIDs: 0000-0002-4647-0206 (Y.R.); 0000-0002-9908-0359 (T.F.); 0000-0001- inflammation, which can result from tissue injury (14). During this 9758-8426 (S.N.). process, a large amount of ATP is released from apoptotic, ne- Received for publication April 18, 2019. Accepted for publication November 20, crotic, or injured cells, and binds to purinergic receptors (P2X and 2019. P2Y) (15). Among the two known families of purinergic receptors, This work was supported by Japan Science Promotion Society Grants 17K15079 (to human (h)– and mouse (m)P2X7, also called P2RX7, P2X7R, or T.F.) and 15H05785 (to S.N.) and Japan Science Technology Grant JPMJCR14M4 (to S.N.). P2Z, is an evolutionarily well-conserved membrane protein that carries two transmembrane regions with cytoplasmic short N-terminal Address correspondence and reprint requests to Prof. Shigekazu Nagata, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Research Center, and long C-terminal tails (16). P2X receptors, including P2X7, form a Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka homo- or heterotrimer (17, 18), and the binding of ATP or its 565-0871, Japan. E-mail address: [email protected] agonist 29(39)-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)ATP (BzATP) to P2X7 causes The online version of this article contains supplemental material. rapid Ca2+ uptake and PtdSer exposure by the cell, followed by Abbreviations used in this article: ATCC, American Type Culture Collection; BN-PAGE, 9 9 microvesicle release, pore formation, and pyroptosis (19–22). In Blue native PAGE; BzATP, 2 (3 )-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)ATP; CBB, Coomassie Brilliant b Blue; CYBC1, cytochrome B-245 chaperone 1; DDM, n-dodecyl-b-D-maltopyranoside; addition, P2X7 is essential for the ATP-triggered IL-1 production EGFP, enhanced GFP; Eros, essential for reactive oxygen species; Fluo-4 AM, 1- in endotoxin-primed macrophages (23, 24). How a single protein [2-amino-5-(2,7-difluoro-6-acetoxymethoxy-3-oxo-9-xanthenyl)phenoxy]-2-(2-amino-5- (P2X7) mediates these various biological processes has been elusive, methylphenoxy)ethane-N,N,N9,N9-tetraacetic acid, tetra(acetoxymethyl) ester; GeCKO, genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 knockout; h-, human; HA, hemagglutinin; m-, mouse; although one report claims that TMEM16F mediates the downstream NBD-PC, 1-oleoyl-2-{6-[(7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]hexanoyl}-sn-glycero- signaling of P2X7, including the PtdSer exposure (25). 3-phosphocholine; NGS, next-generation sequencing; PBS/FCS, PBS containing 2% FCS; PI, propidium iodide; PtdCho, phosphatidylcholine; PtdSer, phosphatidyl- In this study, we found that the mouse T cell line WR19L serine; RNS, reactive nitrogen species; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RSV, Rous responded strongly to ATP by exposing PtdSer. TMEM16F deficiency sarcoma virus; TMEM16, transmembrane protein 16; VSV, vesicular stomatitis had no effect on the ATP-induced PtdSer exposure. The screening of virus; XKR, XK-related. a CRISPR/Cas9 knockout library identified essential for reactive Copyright Ó 2019 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. 0022-1767/19/$37.50 oxygen species (Eros) or cytochrome B-245 chaperone 1 (CYBC1) www.jimmunol.org/cgi/doi/10.4049/jimmunol.1900448 2 REQUIREMENT OF Eros FOR P2X7 EXPRESSION as an essential factor for the P2X7-mediated PtdSer exposure, Ca2+ 6000 3 g for 16 h and used to infect WR19L and THP-1 cells, respec- uptake, pore formation, and IL-1b production. Eros was localized tively. Transformants were selected in the presence of 1 mg/ml puromycin. to the endoplasmic reticulum and appeared to function as a chaperone If necessary, mP2X7-, EGFP-, or mCherry-positive cells were sorted using a FACSAria II (BD Biosciences). for P2X7 by forming a stable homotrimeric complex. Mice 2 2 Materials and Methods The Eros / mice (Cybc1tm1a(KOMP)/Mmucd) were obtained from the Mutant Cell lines, plasmids, Abs, and reagents Mouse Resource and Research Centers and maintained on a C57BL/6N genetic background. All mice were housed in a specific pathogen-free Mouse WR19L cells (TIB-52; American Type Culture Collection [ATCC]) facility at Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, were grown in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FCS. Human THP-1 and all mouse studies were approved by the Ethics Review Committee for cells (TIB-202; ATCC) were cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with Animal Experimentation of Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, 10% FCS and 55 mM 2-ME. HEK293T cells (CRL-1573; ATCC) were Osaka University. grown in DMEM containing 10% FCS. Flow cytometry for mP2X7, PtdSer exposure, NBD-PC, The pNEF-BOS
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