The 5th University— Inamori Foundation Joint Kyoto Prize Symposium

Balancing between Construction and Destruction in Life

July, 22 [Sun] 2018, 13:00 — Yurakucho Asahi Hall, Tokyo CONTENTS

Balancing between Construction and Destruction in Life

Welcome Addresses

Juichi Yamagiwa, President, 4

Kazutoshi Mori Kazuo Inamori, President, Inamori Foundation 5

Concept 6

Shin-Ichi Program 7

Invited Speakers & Abstracts of Lectures 1.“What is Life? It is Dynamic Equilibrium.” Shin-Ichi Fukuoka 8

2.“Unfolded Protein Response: Cellular Response that Controls Quality of Proteins” 2 10 3

2012 Kyoto Prize Laureate 3.“Cell Death and Fate of Dead Cells” Shigekazu Nagata in Basic Sciences Shigekazu Nagata 12 4.“Autophagy Revealed from Studies on Tiny Cell, Yeast” Yoshinori Ohsumi 14

KUIP Organizing Committee 16

Archives 18

e 5th Kyoto University—Inamori Foundation Memo 21 Joint Kyoto Prize Symposium

http://kuip.hq.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/

Kyoto University—Inamori Foundation Joint Kyoto Prize Symposium WELCOME ADDRESS

Juichi Yamagiwa Kazuo Inamori President, Kyoto University President, Inamori Foundation

The Kyoto University-Inamori Foundation Joint Kyoto Prize Symposium (KUIP) is an annual international symposium It gives me great pleasure to co-host the 5th Kyoto University-Inamori Foundation Joint Kyoto Prize Symposium. hosted by Kyoto University in cooperation with the Inamori Foundation. On behalf of Kyoto University, I would like I would like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank you all for joining us here, today. I am especially grateful to take this opportunity to express our gratitude to President Kazuo Inamori and the Inamori Foundation for their to our wonderful guest speakers who have made time in their busy schedules to deliver lectures for us, and to ongoing support of Kyoto University and our activities. President Juichi Yamagiwa and everyone from Kyoto University for their dedicated efforts toward making this annual symposium a reality. The 34th award ceremony for the Kyoto Prize, one of ’s most prominent internationally recognized accolades, will be held in 2018. The award was conceived by Dr. Kazuo Inamori, president of the Inamori Foundation and an The Inamori Foundation was established in 1984 as an international foundation, and launched programs of public honorary fellow of Kyoto University, as a means to contribute to the advancement and development of humanity. In recognition and the support of creative activities to foster science, culture, and the enrichment of the human spirit, 2014, on the occasion of the award’s 30th anniversary, Kyoto University launched the Joint Kyoto Prize Symposium as well as through social contributions. That year also saw the inauguration of the international award known as the as an annual event with the aim of raising international awareness of the award. Kyoto Prize, which was all about my conviction that “people have no higher calling than to strive for the greater good

4 of humankind and society.” I had long wished to give something back to the society that had so warmly nurtured me 5 From 2014 to 2017, the symposium focused on the three categories and twelve fields of the Kyoto Prize, throughout my life, and I hoped that creation of an award to encourage researchers, who dedicate themselves day and each year it adopted as its themes the three fields in which the prize would be awarded two years later. and night to their research, would expedite progress of their research activities, thereby contributing to the progress The most accomplished and currently relevant researchers and specialists in those fields were invited to speak at and development of humanity. The Kyoto Prize embodies those ideas. Over the years, we have honored many the symposium. individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the scientific, cultural, and spiritual betterment of humankind The symposium’s lectures provided a platform for fresh encounters between scholars in diverse academic fields, in the three categories of Advanced Technology, Basic Sciences, and Arts and Philosophy. which would in turn lead to the development of new knowledge and contribute to the cultivation of the next Ever since the Inamori Foundation’s establishment, Kyoto University has demonstrated its deep appreciation for the generation of researchers. The symposium sought to contribute to the development of cutting edge technology and work of our Foundation and has offered its most generous cooperation. And, since 2014, it has helped us to increase new academic advances, the benefits of which were to be shared widely throughout society. recognition of the Kyoto Prize through this Symposium, which is held by the university and co-hosted by the Inamori From 2018, the KUIP Symposium will be held in Tokyo. The symposium is to focus on the outstanding field of Foundation. The Symposium began as an event to showcase latest trends in and attractive aspects of cutting-edge the main presenter, who is the laureate of the Kyoto Prize. The symposium consists of four notable scholars scholarship and the arts by inviting to Kyoto world-leading scientists and artists active in fields for which the Kyoto including the laureate. This will ensure that the symposium reflects the interdisciplinary spirit of the Kyoto Prize in Prize would be awarded two years later. encouraging interaction among diverse fields of study and kaleidoscope of viewpoints. Having completed the first four-year round, we have decided to hold this annual Symposium in Tokyo, as of 2018, The scholars of Kyoto University not only organize the symposium but also participate in the lectures as speakers. and to invite and focus on the achievements of a previous Kyoto Prize laureate with the help of scientists and We believe that the symposium will provide you great opportunity to experience the cutting-edge of academic researchers who are playing leading roles in the same field. This year, we are honored to welcome Dr. Yoshinori research. Ohsumi, recipient of the 2012 Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences and the 2016 in Physiology or Medicine, together with three notable researchers who are working at the forefront of the field. This year’s theme is “Balancing I hope that you will continue to support and enjoy future editions of the Joint Kyoto Prize Symposium, and I hope between Construction and Destruction in Life.” We hope that this event will give you an opportunity to empathize with that through our endeavors we can promote the Kyoto Prize and contribute to the further development of Kyoto as the philosophy shared by Kyoto University and the Inamori Foundation, which is to realize “contributions to harmony a city of culture and scholarship. within the human and ecological communities on this planet,” “advancement and integration of scientific and spiritual wisdom in diverse fields,” and “transmission of unsurpassed knowledge.”

It is my sincere hope that the Kyoto University-Inamori Foundation Joint Kyoto Prize Symposium will become widely recognized among researchers around the world as an attractive event and will continue to enjoy public favor for many years to come.

Kyoto University—Inamori Foundation Joint Kyoto Prize Symposium CONCEPT PROGRAM

The Kyoto University-Inamori Foundation Joint Kyoto Prize Symposium (KUIP) is held annually by Kyoto University and July 22 (Sun.) 2018 co-hosted by the Inamori Foundation. The symposium features notable scholars, researchers, and artists working in the designated fields of the Kyoto Prize, one of the most prestigious international awards in Japan. By providing a meeting place for researchers and artists in diverse fields and a venue for the presentation of new academic 13:00 — 13:15 Opening Ceremony and artistic developments, the symposium seeks to showcase cutting-edge scholarship and art across disciplinary boundaries and contribute to fostering the next generation of scholars. The symposium’s lectures and events aim to appeal not only to academics and artists, but also to the general public. Shin-Ichi Fukuoka 13:15 — 13:55 Biologist / Professor, School of Cultural and What is life? It is Dynamic Equilibrium. Creative Studies, Aoyama Gakuin University / Background and Objectives Visiting Professor,

The Kyoto University-Inamori Foundation Joint Kyoto Prize Symposium (KUIP) was established in 2014 to mark the Kazutoshi Mori Unfolded Protein Response: 30th anniversary of the Inamori Foundation and the Kyoto Prize. 13:55 — 14:35 Professor, Graduate School of Science Cellular Response that Controls Quality Kyoto University The Kyoto Prize is based on a unique philosophy and selection process, and is widely regarded as one of the most of Proteins prestigious international awards for lifetime achievement in the sciences, engineering, arts, and philosophy. It is our hope that, through raising international awareness of the Kyoto Prize and spotlighting its laureates, we will contribute 14:35 — 14:55 Break to the advancement of scholarship and the recognition of its achievements. Through holding the KUIP Symposium we aim to advance Kyoto University’s mission to contribute to harmonious coexistence within the Earth’s human and ecological community. Shigekazu Nagata 14:55 — 15:35 Distinguished Professor, Frontier Cell Death and Fate of Dead Cells Research Center (IFReC), University To achieve this goal, Kyoto University has hosted an international symposium annually from 2014 to 2017 at the university’s Clock Tower Centennial Hall, focusing on the three categories and twelve fields in which the Kyoto Prize 6 7 is awarded. A great number of participants, including researchers, students, and people from all walks of life have 2012 Kyoto Prize Laureate in Basic Sciences attended the symposium each year. Autophagy Revealed from Studies on 15:35 — 16:15 Yoshinori Ohsumi Starting from 2018, the KUIP symposium will be held in Tokyo under the following concepts. With its new location Honorary Professor, Institute of Innovative Research Tiny Cell, Yeast and format, we hope that the KUIP Symposium will continue to celebrate the Kyoto Prize, and encourage aspiring Tokyo Institute of Technology artists and researchers of the world. Inviting President Juichi Yamagiwa of Panel Discussion 16:20 — 17:10 Kyoto University, cross-disciplinary discussion Moderator: Shin-Ichi Fukuoka will be made among invited speakers.

Concept of This Symposium * Symposium program is subject to change.

• A high-profile topic related to the research of the invited laureate will be selected as the theme of the symposium. The symposium will provide the general public with an opportunity to gain insight into cutting-edge research. • From 2018, the KUIP Symposium will focus on the achievements of an invited Kyoto Prize laureate. • Reflecting the interdisciplinary spirit of the Kyoto Prize, scholars in fields other than that of the invited laureate will also be invited to contribute, thereby ensuring multi-disciplinary perspective. • The symposium seeks to share academic achievements of Kyoto University with the public. Researchers from Kyoto University organize the symposium as well as to participate as speakers. • By holding the symposium annually in Tokyo, the symposium aims to stimulate the intellectual curiosity of people from diverse background.

Kyoto University—Inamori Foundation Joint Kyoto Prize Symposium INVITED SPEAKERS & ABSTRACTS OF LECTURES BALANCING BETWEEN CONSTRUCTION AND DESTRUCTION IN LIFE

A brief Shin-Ichi Fukuoka, Ph.D., is a biologist born in Tokyo in 1959. After he graduated from Kyoto University, he pursued a Shin-Ichi Fukuoka Biography career that included a postdoctoral fellowship at Harvard Medical School, USA, and an associate professorship at Kyoto Biologist University. Currently, he is serving as a Professor at Aoyama Gakuin University and a visiting professor at the Rockefeller Professor, School of Cultural and Creative Studies University, USA. He has published many books that again raise the question “What is life?” based on the idea of dynamic Aoyama Gakuin University Visiting Professor, Rockefeller University equilibrium, including his bestselling book “Between organic and inorganic matter (Kodansha’s new library of knowledge)” that sold more than 800,000 copies and was awarded the Suntory Prize for Social Sciences and Humanities and “Dynamic equilibrium (Kirakusha, Inc.).” His books with other themes include “No borders in the world (Kodansha’s new library of Keywords knowledge),” “Misbegotten men (Kobunsha Shinsho),” “Counterattack of life (Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc.),” “Tale of dynamic equilibrium, theoretical biology, philosophy of Nishida Kitaro, exocrine pancreas, life (Shinchosha Publishing Co., Ltd.),” “Keep changing to prevent changing (Bungeishunju Ltd.),” and “Bookshelf of Dr. secretory pathways, amino acid metabolism Fukuoka (Media Factory).” His conversations with interviewers are described in “Dynamic equilibrium dialogue (Kirakusha, Web Site URL Inc.)” and “Looking for a sense of wonder (Daiwa Bunko).” He also published translated books in Japanese, such as “The https://shinichi-fukuoka.themedia.jp/ Voyages of Doctor Dolittle (Shinchosha Publishing Co., Ltd.)” and “The human body shop: the engineering and marketing of life (Kodansha’s new library of knowledge).” His recent publications are “Dynamic equilibrium: new edition (Shogakukan Shinsho)” and “Shin-Ichi Fukuoka reads Nishida’s philosophy: a journey of thoughts over life; dynamic equilibrium and the absolutely contradictory self-identity (Akashi Shoten).” In December 2017, he published the latest book in his series, “Dynamic equilibrium 3 (Kirakusha, Inc.),” after an interval of six years. “What is life? It is dynamic equilibrium.” He is also known as a huge fan of Vermeer. He traveled around the world to see all of Vermeer’s works and wrote about his journey in “Vermeer: Realm of Light (Kirakusha, Inc.).” He and his co-author Yuriko Kuchiki also published “Over-interpretation of Vermeer (Asahi Shinsho).” In addition, he served as the Supervisor and Director of the “Vermeer Center Ginza” in which all Dynamic equilibrium as a view of life of Vermeer’s works were exhibited, recreated by state-of-the-art digital printing technology. In November 2015, he established “Schola Sapientia by Shin-Ichi Fukuoka” to question anew how we should read books, and What is life? This is a question that human beings have always asked. How does current biology answer the has served as the principal. question? In the middle of the 20th century, the double-helical structure of DNA was discovered. Two chains of DNA with a complementary structure exist as mirror images of each other, a finding that directly suggested replication Details of 2006 First Science Journalist Award and transmission of genetic information. As a result, biology has subsequently defined life as a “self-replicating selected Awards 2006 Kodansha Science Publication Award of Publishing Culture Awards 2006 for “Is the prion theory true?” system.” There was, however, another paradigm. Approximately ten years before the discovery of the structure of and Honors 8 2007 29th Suntory Prize for Social Sciences and Humanities (Life and Society) for “Between organic and inorganic matter” 9 DNA, the physicist Erwin Schrödinger stated in his book “What is Life?” that highly organized living matter requires 2008 First Shinsho Award for “Between organic and inorganic matter” a special mechanism by which entropy accumulating in its system is always exported, in order to maintain life. Life might have been defined based on this view; however, even Schrödinger was unable to identify what the special mechanism is. A list of selected “Between organic and inorganic matter” (Kodansha’s new library of knowledge) Publications “Dynamic equilibrium” (Kirakusha, Inc.) A further decade before the publication of Schrödinger’s book, the biochemist Rudolf Schoenheimer, who had “Vermeer: Realm of Light” (Kirakusha, Inc.) been exiled from Germany to the United States, thought of a revolutionary idea: isotope-labeled nutrients may help “Misbegotten men” (Kobunsha Shinsho) to visualize metabolism in a living body. This experiment produced surprising results. All components of the body “Counterattack of life” (Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc.) are continuously degraded and synthesized and replaced by components of nutrients. Nutrients are not just fuel. “Tale of life” (Shinchosha Publishing Co., Ltd.) Schoenheimer revealed that life exists in a state of flux. He called it a “dynamic state” of life; however, the phrase “Keep changing to prevent changing” (Bungeishunju Ltd.) “dynamic equilibrium” may be more suitable because synthesis and degradation are in the right equilibrium, “Bookshelf of Dr. Fukuoka” (Media Factory) in which degradation always occurs before new synthesis. In addition, active degradation is equivalent to the “Shin-Ichi Fukuoka reads Nishida’s philosophy: a journey of thoughts over life; dynamic equilibrium and the absolutely contradictory self-identity” (Akashi Shoten) special mechanism for exporting entropy that was predicted by Schrödinger. From the late 20th century to the 21st Hase K, et.al. Uptake through glycoprotein 2 of FimH(+) bacteria by M cells initiates mucosal immune response. century, biology has continuously revealed that living matter destroys itself more actively than it creates itself, as if Nature 462, 226-30 (2009) Schrödinger’s prediction was embodied. All research into the ubiquitin system, the proteasome, and autophagy is based on this second paradigm that is descended from Schoenheimer and Schrödinger, namely a view of life as a dynamic equilibrium. Therefore, the question “What is life?” can be answered by stating “It is dynamic equilibrium.”

Kyoto University—Inamori Foundation Joint Kyoto Prize Symposium INVITED SPEAKERS & ABSTRACTS OF LECTURES BALANCING BETWEEN CONSTRUCTION AND DESTRUCTION IN LIFE

A brief Education Kazutoshi Mori Biography March 1981 Graduated from the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Professor, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University April 1981 – March 1983 Master course student of the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University April 1983 – March 1985 Doctoral course student of the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University September 1987 Received Ph.D. from Kyoto University

Keywords Occupation Endoplasmic reticulum, molecular chaperone, protein folding, protein degradation intracellular signaling, gene expression April 1985 – March 1989 Instructor, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan Web Site URL April 1989 – September 1993 Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA http://www.upr.biophys.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/ (supervised by Drs. M.-J. Gething and J. Sambrook) October 1993 – March 1996 Deputy Research Manager, HSP Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan April 1996 – March 1999 Research Manager, HSP Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan April 1999 – October 2003 Associate Professor, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Japan November 2003 – present Professor, Department of , Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan “Unfolded protein response: cellular response that controls quality of proteins”

Details of April 2005 The Fourth Annual in Biomedical Sciences selected Awards October 2009 Canada Gairdner International Award The basic unit of an organism is the cell. A human being is made up of as many as 60 trillion cells. What is and Honors April 2010 Medal of Honor with Purple Ribbon from the Emperor inside a cell? Our body contains various organs each with its own role: for example, the lungs for breathing and March 2012 Uehara Prize the heart for blood circulation. Similarly, a cell contains many little organs each with their individual roles. My January 2014 Asahi Prize research interest, endoplasmic reticulum, is one of these little ‘organs in a cell’ termed organelles that serves as September 2014 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award a protein factory. September 2014 in Life Science and Medicine September 2015 2015 Thomson Reuters Citation Laureate 10 What is protein? In general, proteins are known to be one of the three major nutrients, together with carbohydrates 11 and fats. At the cellular level, proteins are important substances that exist as the second largest amount of June 2016 Imperial Prize and Japan Academy Prize substance in a cell after water. It is not an exaggeration to say that we live because proteins work properly. December 2017 2018 in Life Sciences

Let me take diabetes as an example. Diabetes is not caused by high urine sugar; when blood sugar (blood A list of selected inside the Cell (Kodansha Bluebacks) glucose level) is continuously high, sugar leaks out to the urine. It also damages blood vessels, which triggers Publications A transmembrane protein with a cdc2+/CDC28-related kinase activity is required for signaling from the ER to the nucleus. K. Mori, W. Ma, various symptoms. M.-J. Gething, and J. Sambrook, Cell, 74, 743-756, 1993. Mammalian transcription factor ATF6 is synthesized as a transmembrane protein and activated by proteolysis in response to endoplasmic Everyone gets higher blood sugar after a meal; however, it goes down after a while because a protein called reticulum stress. K. Haze, H. Yoshida, H. Yanagi, T. Yura, and K. Mori, Mol. Biol. Cell, 10, 3787-3799, 1999. insulin is released from the pancreas into the blood. When this insulin (key) enters the insulin receptor (keyhole) XBP1 mRNA is induced by ATF6 and spliced by IRE1 in response to ER stress to produce a highly active transcription factor. H. Yoshida, T. and turns in it — like a car engine starting — liver cells and muscle cells take sugar from the blood, which Matsui, A. Yamamoto, T. Okada, and K. Mori, Cell, 107, 881-891, 2001. reduces blood sugar. A time-dependent phase shift in the mammalian unfolded protein response. H. Yoshida, T. Matsui, N. Hosokawa, R. J. Kaufman, K. Nagata, and K. Mori, Dev. Cell, 4, 265-271, 2003. A key and a keyhole have a specific shape for a one-to-one correspondence. For the proper function of a protein, Transcriptional induction of mammalian ER quality control proteins is mediated by single or combined action of ATF6α and XBP1. K. Yamamoto, T. Sato, T. Matsui, M. Sato, T. Okada, H. Yoshida, A. Harada and K. Mori, Dev. Cell, 13, 365-376, 2007. its shape is important. A protein is made up of a sequence of amino acids, like beads on a wire. The shape of the ATF6 α / β -mediated adjustment of ER chaperone levels is essential for development of the notochord in medaka fish. T. Ishikawa, T. ‘key’ is formed by the wire frame of this sequence. The wirework is done in the endoplasmic reticulum, a ‘factory Okada, T. Ishikawa-Fujiwara, T. Todo, Y. Kamei, S. Shigenobu, M. Tanaka, T. L. Saito, J. Yoshimura, S. Morishita, A. Toyoda, Y. Sakaki, Y. in a cell’. This factory is quite remarkable and works hard; however, it sometimes fails and makes a greater Taniguchi, S. Takeda and K. Mori, Mol. Biol. Cell, 24, 1387-1395, 2013. number of defective products than usual. This state is called endoplasmic reticulum stress. My two supervisors at EDEM2 initiates mammalian glycoprotein ERAD by catalyzing the first mannose trimming step. S. Ninagawa, T. Okada, Y. Sumitomo, Y. Kamiya, K. Kato, S. Horimoto, T. Ishikawa, S. Takeda, T. Sakuma, T. Yamamoto and K. Mori, J. Cell Biol., 206, 347-356, 2014. the University of Texas (USA) had discovered that a cell has a restorative force that can recover from this worsened Forcible Destruction of Severely Misfolded Mammalian Glycoproteins by the Non-glycoprotein ERAD Pathway. S. Ninagawa, T. Okada, Y. state. Under their supervision, I started research to elucidate the mechanism of this force (the endoplasmic Sumitomo, S. Horimoto, T. Sugimoto, T. Ishikawa, S. Takeda, T. Yamamoto, T. Suzuki, Y. Kamiya, K. Kato and K. Mori, J. Cell Biol., 211, 775-784, 2015. reticulum stress response) 29 years ago and was the first to discover a sensor molecule that detects a worsened UPR Transducer BBF2H7 Allows Export of Type II Collagen in a Cargo- and Developmental Stage-Specific Manner. T. Ishikawa, T. Toyama, Y. condition in the endoplasmic reticulum. Since I returned to Japan, I have been continuously working to reveal how Nakamura, K. Tamada, H. Shimizu, S. Ninagawa, T. Okada, Y. Kamei, T. Ishikawa-Fujiwara, T. Todo, E. Aoyama, M. Takigawa, A. Harada this amazing restorative force works. I will explain the results and significance of my work in simple terms. and K. Mori, J. Cell Biol., 216, 1761-1774, 2017.

Kyoto University—Inamori Foundation Joint Kyoto Prize Symposium INVITED SPEAKERS & ABSTRACTS OF LECTURES BALANCING BETWEEN CONSTRUCTION AND DESTRUCTION IN LIFE

Shigekazu Nagata A brief 1972 Bachelor of Science, [Academic association board member, journal editorial board member, etc.] Biography 1977 Ph.D., Institute of Medical Science, 2004 – 2005 Advisory Member of Central Council for Distinguished Professor, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC) University of Tokyo Education (Subdivision on Universities), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, 1977 Post-Doctoral Fellow at Institute of Science and Technology Molecular Biology Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Zürich 2008 – 2014 Member of the 21st Science Council of Japan (SCJ) 1982 Assistant Professor, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo 1995 – 2009 Councilor, Japanese Cancer Association (JCA) Keywords 1987 Head, Department of Molecular 2000 – 2002 Board Directors, , macrophage, phosphatidylserine, flippase, scramblase Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute Japanese Biochemical Society (JBS) Web Site URL 1995 Professor, Faculty of Medicine, 1999 – 2002 Board Member, http://biochemi.ifrec.osaka-u.ac.jp/english/index.html Osaka University Japanese Society for Immunology (JSI) 2007 Professor, Graduate School of 2004 – 2007 Board Member, Medicine, Kyoto University Japanese Society for Immunology (JSI) 2010 Vice-Dean, Graduate School of 2005 – 2006 President, Japanese Biochemical Society (JBS) Medicine, Kyoto University 2007 – 2008 President, Molecular Biology Society of Japan (MBSJ) 2015 Specially Appointed Professor, 1994 – present Member of the Editorial Board of “Cell Death and Fate of Dead Cells” Immunology Frontier Research Center Cell Death & Differentiation (IFReC), Osaka University 1998 – present Member of the Editorial Board of Immunity 2017 Distinguished Professor, Osaka University Many extra, useless or harmful, cells are generated and die during animal development. In human adults, 2000 – 2003 Member of the Editorial Board of Science billions of senescent and activated cells die every day as part of the body’s natural processes. Cells that become 2001 – present Member of the Editorial Board of Cancer Cell, etc. damaged by microbial infection or mechanical stress also die. The cell death that occurs in the physiological setting is programmed, and is mediated by Apoptosis. Apoptosis is a clean process, in which cells are condensed Details of 1994. 11 Emil von Boehring Prize 2011. 1 Member of Japan Academy (Japan Academy, Tokyo) (Marburg University, Germany) and fragmented, and are engulfed by macrophages, without releasing their cellular materials. There are a group selected Awards 2012. 4 Ehrendoctoren (Universität Zürich, Switzerland) and Honors 1995. 10 Robert Koch Award (Koch Foundation, Germany) of cytokines that work as “death factors”. Death factors specifically bind their receptors on the cell surface, and 2012. 12 Debrecen Award (Debrecen University, Hungary) 1997. 1 Le Prix Laccasagne 12 trigger apoptotic cell death to kill the cells within hours. Apoptosis is mediated by proteases called “caspases” 2013. 11 Keio Medical Science Prize (, Tokyo) 13 (French National Cancer League, France) that cleave more than 500 cellular substrates. A DNase (CAD, or Caspase-activated DNase) is also activated 2015. 4 Foreign Associate of the National Academy of 2000. 6 Imperial Prize and Japan Academy Prize Science of USA in the downstream of caspases, and cleaves their own DNA into nucleosomal units. Dying cells secrete a “find (Japan Academy, Tokyo) me” signal, and expose an “eat me” signal on their surface. In response to the “find me” signal, macrophages 2001. 11 Person of Cultural Merit approach to the dead cells, and recognize “phosphatidylserine” exposed on the dead cell’s surface as an (Japanese Government, Tokyo) “eat me” signal. Using sophisticated cell machinery, the macrophages ingest dead cells, direct them to

lysosomes, and degrade their cellular components into basic biochemical building blocks: amino acids, A list of selected Itoh N, Yonehara S, Ishii A, Yonehara M, Mizushima S, Sameshima M, Hase A, Seto Y and Nagata S (1991) The polypeptide encoded by nucleotides, fatty acids, and monosaccharides. These molecules will be released from the lysosomes and Publications the cDNA for human cell surface antigen Fas can mediate apoptosis. Cell 66: 233-243. re-used to make new macromolecules. A defect in the apoptotic death process is one of the causes of cancers. Watanabe-Fukunaga R, Brannan CI, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA and Nagata S (1992) Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defects in Fas antigen that mediates apoptosis. Nature 356: 314-317. While, inefficient dead-cell engulfment activates the immune system, causing systemic lupus erythematosus- Ogasawara J, Watanabe-Fukunaga R, Adachi M, Matsuzawa A, Kasugai T, Kitamura Y, Itoh N, Suda T and Nagata S (1993) Lethal effect type autoimmune diseases. If dead cell components are not properly degraded in macrophages, they activate the of the anti-Fas antibody in mice. Nature 364: 806-809. innate immunity, leading anemia and chronic arthritis via auto-inflammation. Here, I discuss how cells die and Suda T, Takahashi T, Golstein P and Nagata S (1993) Molecular cloning and expression of the : a novel member of the tumor how dead cells are engulfed and degraded in macrophages. necrosis factor family. Cell 75: 1169-1178. Enari M, Sakahira H, Yokoyama H, Okawa K, Iwamatsu A and Nagata S (1998) A caspase-activated DNase that degrades DNA during References apoptosis and its inhibitor ICAD. Nature 391: 43-50. Hanayama R, Tanaka M, Miwa K, Shinohara A, Iwamatsu A and Nagata S (2002) Identification of a factor that links apoptotic cells to 1. Nagata S, Golstein P (1995) The Fas death factor. Science 267:1449-1456. phagocytes. Nature 417: 182-187. 2. Nagata S, Hanayama R, Kawane K (2010) Autoimmunity and the clearance of dead cells. Cell 140:619-630. Kawane K, Ohtani M, Miwa K, Kizawa T, Kanbara Y, Yoshioka Y, Yoshikawa H and Nagata S (2006) Chronic polyarthritis caused by mammalian DNA that escapes from degradation in macrophages. Nature 443: 998-1002. 3. Nagata S. and Tanaka M (2017) and the immune system. Miyanishi, M., Tada, K., Koike, M., Uchiyama, Y., Kitamura, T., and Nagata, S. (2007) Identification of Tim-4 as a phosphatidylserine Nat. Rev. Immunol. 17, 333-340. receptor. Nature 450: 435-439. 4. Nagata, S. Apoptosis and clearance of apoptotic cells. Annu. Rev. Immnunol. in press Suzuki, J., Denning, DP., Imanishi, E., Horvitz, HR. and Nagata, S. (2013) Xk-related protein 8 and CED-8 promote phosphatidylserine exposure in apoptotic cells. Science 341: 403-406. Segawa, K., Kurata, S., Yanagihashi, Y., Brummelkamp, T., Matsuda, F., and Nagata, S. (2014) Caspase-mediated cleavage of phospholipid flippase for apoptotic phosphatidylserine exposure. Science 344, 1164-1168

Kyoto University—Inamori Foundation Joint Kyoto Prize Symposium INVITED SPEAKERS & ABSTRACTS OF LECTURES BALANCING BETWEEN CONSTRUCTION AND DESTRUCTION IN LIFE

A brief 1963. 3 Graduated from Fukuoka Prefectural Fukuoka High School 2012 Kyoto Prize Laureate in Basic Sciences Biography 1967. 3 B.Sc., Department of Basic Science, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Yoshinori Ohsumi 1969. 3 M.Sc., Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 1974. 11 Graduated from Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo Honorary Professor, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 1974. 12 Postdoctoral Fellow, Rockefeller University, USA

Keywords 1977. 12 Research Associate, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo Molecular biology / Biological membrane / The structure and function of cells / Proteolysis / Autophagy 1986. 7 Lecturer, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo Web Site URL 1988. 4 Associate Professor, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo http://www.ohsumilab.aro.iri.titech.ac.jp/english.html 1996. 4 Professor, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki National Research Institutes (Ohsumi Lab., Tokyo Institute of Technology) 2009. 4 Specially Appointed Professor, Integrated Research Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology http://www.ofsf.or.jp (Ohsumi Frontier Science Foundation) 2014. 5 Honorary Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology (to date) 2016. 12 Distinguished Specially Appointed Professor, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology (to date)

“Autophagy revealed from studies on tiny cell, yeast” Details of 2005.6 Fujihara Award selected Awards 2006.7 Japan Academy Prize and Honors 2009.1 Asahi Prize Life is maintained through metabolic equilibrium – a continuous cycle between synthesis and degradation. While 2012.11 Kyoto Prize synthesis garnered much interest among the research community for many years, the study of degradation within 2013.9 Thomson Reuters Citation Laureate cells remained neglected for a long time. After the important discovery of the lysosome, electron microscopic 2015.10 Canada Gairdner International Award studies in the 1960s uncovered a process called autophagy, in which a cell transports its own proteins to the 2015.12 International Prize for Biology lysosome for degradation. However, for many years this phenomenon, which depends on complex membrane 2016.11 Order of Culture dynamics, remained poorly understood at the molecular level. 2016.12 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences 14 2016.12 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 15 I was interested in the function of yeast vacuoles and discovered transport systems for amino acids and cells on the vacuolar membranes, together with the source of their driving force, V-ATPase. I then started a research project in 1988 to determine how acidic vacuoles, which contain various degrading enzymes, actually degrade A list of selected Ohsumi, Y., and Anraku, Y. Active transport of basic amino acids driven by a proton motive force in vacuolar membrane vesicles of Publications Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem., 256, 2079-2082 (1981) things. I found that nitrogen starvation cells triggered delivery of cytoplasmic components to vacuoles in yeast. In Kakinuma, Y., Ohsumi, Y., and Anraku, Y. Properties of H+-translocating adenosine triphosphatase in vacuolar membranes of addition, electron microscopic observation revealed that this process had a similar mechanism to the membrane Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem., 256, 10859-10863 (1981) dynamics found in autophagy in animal cells. Using the advantages present in yeast, I conducted genetic analyses Takeshige, K., Babe, M., Tsuboi, S., Noda, T., and, Ohsumi Y. Autophagy in yeast demonstrated with proteins-deficient mutants and its and successfully isolated many autophagy-defective mutants. I also demonstrated that 18 ATG gene clusters are conditions for induction. J. Cell Biol., 119, 301-311 (1992) essential for the unique membrane dynamics called autophagosome formation. Many of these genes are also Baba, M., Takeshige, K., Baba, N., and Ohsumi. Y. Ultrastructural analysis of the autophagic process in yeast: detection of autophagosomes and their characterization. J. Cell Biol., 124, 903-913 (1994) conserved in animals and plants, which suggests that autophagy was acquired at an early stage in the emergence Tsukada, M., and Ohsumi, Y. Isolation and characterization of autophagy-defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett., of eukaryotes. Identification of these genes drastically changed the quality of conventional autophagy research. 333, 169-174 (1993) Genetic engineering has greatly advanced understanding of the physiological roles of autophagy at the cellular Mizushima, N., Noda, T., Yoshimori, T., Tanaka, T., Ishii, T., George, M. D. Klionsky, D. J., Ohsumi, M., and Ohsumi, Y. A protein conjugation system essential for autophagy. Nature, 395, 395-398 (1998) level and in vivo in animals and plants. New findings continue to be reported on a regular basis. Autophagy is Ichimura, Y., Kirisako, T., Takao, T., Satomi, Y., Shimonishi, Y., Ishihara, N., Mizushima, N., Tanida, I., Kominami, E., Ohsumi, M., Noda, T. characterized by its ability to degrade large structures, such as supramolecular structures and organelles, as and Ohsummi, Y. A ubiquitin-like system mediates protein lipidation. Nature, 408, 488-492 (2000) well as proteins. Research has revealed that autophagy is involved in intracellular clearance, quality and quantity Kabeya, Y., Mizushima, N., Ueno, T., Yamamoto, A., Kirisako, T., Noda, T., Kominami, E., Ohsumi, Y., and Yoshimori, T. LC3, a control of organelles, infection prevention, development, aging, and various illnesses in addition to survival mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing. EMBO J., 19, 5720-5728, (2000) during starvation through the supply of nutrients such as amino acids. Thus, degradation is now understood to be Suzuki, K., Kirisako, T., Kamada, Y., Mizushima, N., Noda, T. and Ohsumi, Y. The pre-autophagosomal structure organized by concerted functions of APG genes is essential for autophagosome formation. EMBO J., 20, 5971-5981 (2001) a function essential for life. Nakatogawa, H., Ichimura, Y., and Ohsumi Y. Atg8, a ubiquitin-like protein required for autophagosome formation, mediates membrane tethering and hemifusion. Cell, 130, 165-178 (2007) As part of cellular biology, the membrane phenomenon of autophagy has now attracted the attention of researchers and has gradually come to be better understood. However, this research field is still developing; even in yeast, unsolved problems are piling up, such as inducing conditions, signal transduction, which substrates are degraded, how the process works in vacuoles and what is produced, and how influences metabolism of degradation products after their transport to the cytoplasm. I would like to review my research of 30 years, introduce current findings, and discuss prospects for the future.

Kyoto University—Inamori Foundation Joint Kyoto Prize Symposium KUIP ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

The 5th Kyoto University—Inamori Foundation Advisory Board Joint Kyoto Prize Symposium Chairperson

Symposium Planning Committee Norihiro Tokitoh Shigeo Yoden Professor, Institute for Chemical Professor, Graduate School of Science Research, Kyoto University Kyoto University Director, Kyoto University Research Juichi Yamagiwa Coordination Alliance President, Kyoto University Web Site URL Web Site URL http://oec.kuicr.kyoto-u. http://www-mete.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ ac.jp/~tokitohlab/index_e.html yoden/index_En.html

A brief Biography A brief Biography

Norihiro Tokitoh is a professor of chemistry at the Institute for Chemical 1983 Doctor of Science, Kyoto University Web Site URL Research (ICR), Kyoto University. He received his Ph. D. (1985) from the 1983 – 1987 Research Associate, Kyoto University University of Tokyo. After spending some years as Research Associate (1986) 1985 – 1987 JSPS Fellow for Research Abroad http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/about/president and then Assistant Professor (1987) of Tsukuba Univ., and Assistant Professor (University of Washington) (1989) and then Associate Professor (1994) of The University of Tokyo, 1987 – 2002 Associate Professor, Kyoto University A brief Biography he was appointed as Professor of the Institute for Fundamental Organic 1994 – 1995 Fellow for Research Abroad of Ministry of Education Chemistry, Kyushu Univ. in 1998 and moved to ICR, Kyoto University in 2000. (University of Washington) Education 1998 Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Science, He served as Guest Professor at Institute for Molecular Science (2001-2003), 2002 – present Professor, Kyoto University Kyoto University 1975 Bachelor of Science, Faculty of Science, Technische Universität Braunschweig (2004-2007), and Universität Bonn 2007 – 2010 Senior Program Officer, Research Center for Kyoto University 2002 – 2014 Professor, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University (2013-2015), and Director of ICR (2008-2012, 2014-2018). Science Systems, JSPS 1977 Master of Science, Graduate School of Science, 2009 – 2011 Member, Education and Research Council, 2010 – 2012 Director, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Kyoto University Kyoto University Education and Research, Kyoto University 2015 – 2017 Vice-Dean, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University 1987 Doctor of Science, Kyoto University 2011 – 2013 Dean, Graduate School and Faculty of Science, Member, Education and Research Council, Kyoto University Kyoto University Positions Held 16 2012 – 2013 Member, Administrative Council, Kyoto University 17 1980 Research Fellow, Japan Society for the 2014 – President, Kyoto University Promotion of Science 2017 – President, The Japan Association of National Universities 1982 Research Fellow, Kyoto University 2017 – President, Science Council of Japan Kazuhisa Nakayama Naoko IWASAKI 1983 Research Fellow, Japan Monkey Centre Professor & Director Professor & Dean The 1988 Assistant Professor, Primate Research Institute, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Kyoto University Sciences, Kyoto University

Web Site URL http://www.pharm.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ Kayo Inaba physchem/index_e.html Executive Vice-President, Kyoto University A brief Biography A brief Biography

1987.4 – Assistant Professor, Institute of Biological Sciences, 1997 Doctor of Literature, Kyoto University 1998 – 2001 Associate Professor, 1994.1 – Associate Professor, Institute of Biological Sciences, 2001 – 2009 Associate Professor, Kyoto University University of Tsukuba 2009 – Professor, Kyoto University 2002.4 – Professor, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015 – Director, Kyoto University Museum Web Site URL 2003.5 – Professor, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/about/profile/executive/inaba/ Kyoto University 2015.4 – Dean, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, A brief Biography Kyoto University

1973 Bachelor of Science, Nara Women’s University 2003 – 2005 Dean, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University 1975 Master of Science, Kyoto University 2007 – 2014 Director, Center for Women Researchers, Kyoto University 1978 Doctor of Science, Kyoto University 2009 – 2012 Assistant to the Vice President for General Affairs, Kyoto University 1978 – 1992 Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University 2013 – 2014 Vice-President, Kyoto University Secretariat of Symposium 1992 – 1999 Associate Professor, Graduate School of Science, 2014 – Director, Kyoto University Gender Equality Kyoto University Promotion Center Yoichi Yokoyama / Toshitaka Noda / Akihiro Hosokawa / 1999 – 2016 Professor, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University 2014 – Executive Vice-President for Gender Equality, Harumi Yamamoto / Takehiro Nishio / Megumi Tsuda / Fumie Ishizuka International Affairs, and Public Relations, Kyoto University

Kyoto University—Inamori Foundation Joint Kyoto Prize Symposium ARCHIVES

Affiliation and titles are as they were at the time of the symposium. Concept of the Symposium (2014-2017) July 13, 2014 Workshop Shigekazu Nagata 1st Basic Sciences Professor,• Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University "Life Sciences" • Kayo Inaba The Front Lines of Sessions 1 Vice-President, Kyoto University The symposium aims to provide a platform for leading scholars and artists to discuss current Professor, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University • Human Wisdom "Unveiling the Mechanisms Underlying Health Maintenance Shizuo Akira topics and the latest developments in the fields covered by the Kyoto Prize, thereby promoting the Director• and Professor, WPI Immunology Frontier and Disease Prevention, from Research Center, Osaka University advancement of those fields. Molecular Levels to Organisms" • Ronald M. Evans The symposium aims to raise international interest in the Kyoto Prize and raise awareness of its • Yasushi Miyashita • Professor and Chairman of Physiology , Department of Physiology, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine significance. Sessions 2 July 12, 2014 Symposium Toshio Yanagida "Brain, Development, Cancer, Professor,• Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka Through its programs of research and art-based presentation, the symposium seeks to contribute Opening Session and Systems Biology: University / Director, Riken QBiC (Quantitative Biological • Perspectives from Four Sages Center) / Director, NICT CiNet (Center for Informationl of Life Science" and Neural Networks) to the development of the next generation of researchers and artists. Masatoshi Takeichi • Masatoshi Takeichi Director, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology • Robert A. Weinberg The symposium aims to publicize new developments in various academic and art fields, and Basic Sciences • Ronald M. Evans • • "Life Sciences" Professor, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies Alastair V. Campbell Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Arts and Philosophy • convey the appeal of those fields to the general public, as well as researchers and artists working Hisatake Kato "Frontier of Life Sciences" "Thought and Ethics" • • Robert A. Weinberg Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University in other fields, thereby stimulating cross-disciplinary discussion. Founding Member, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Professor, University of Human Arts and Sciences Research / Professor, Department of Biology, Sessions 1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Tetsuro Shimizu "The Future of Bioethics in Asia Professor• , Uehiro Chair for Death & Life Studies and and Beyond" Practical Ethics, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, The University of Tokyo Augustin Berque • Sessions 2 Bin Kimura Fields of Focus Advanced Technology Basic Sciences Arts and Philosophy Retired director of studies, Ecole des hautes études en • Arts and Philosophy sciences sociales "Contemporary Significance • Augustin Berque "Thought and Ethics" Bin Kimura and Potentiality of the Kyoto Michio Kobayashi Professor• Emeritus, Kyoto University School: In the Light of Life, Professor• Emeritus, Kyoto University 2014 Information Science Life Sciences Thought and Ethics "Frontier of Thought" Director, Kawai Institute for Culture and Education Environment and Science" Professor, Faculty of Letters, Alastair V. Campbell Yann LeCun Director,• Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Advanced Technology • of Singapore (NUS) "Information Science" Tatsuya Kawahara Professor,• Academic Center for Computing and Media 2015 Electronics Biological Sciences Music Sessions 1 Studies, Kyoto University "Deep Learning Changes • Tatsuya Harada Alex ‘Sandy’ Pentland Professor, Graduate School of Information Science and Advanced Technology • Pattern Understanding" Technology, The University of Tokyo 18 Professor, Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of 19 Technology Biotechnology and Medical "Information Science" Takeo Kanade 2016 Mathematical Sciences Arts Takeo Kanade • Sessions 2 Hiroshi Ishiguro Technology "Deep Learning and U.A.• and Helen Whitaker University Professor, Robotics Distinguished• Professor, Department of Systems Institute, Carnegie Mellon University Wearable Computing: "Co-Evolution Starts with Innovation, Osaka University / Visiting Director, ATR Yann LeCun Humans and Machines" Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories (ATR Fellow) Materials Science and Earth and Planetary Sciences, Exploring their Connections" • 2017 Theater, Cinema Director, Facebook AI Research Alex ‘Sandy’ Pentland Engineering Astronomy and Astrophysics Professor, New York University • Closing Session

July 12, 2015 Symposium 2nd Svante Pääbo Professor,• Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Theme The Front Lines of Human Wisdom Technology / Anthropology 1st Finished Basic Sciences Resonance of “Life Sciences,” “Thought and Ethics,” Genetic Science / "Biological Sciences" Eske Willerslev July 12 – 13, 2014 Professor,• Director, University of Copenhagen and “Information Science” Arts “The Frontier Studies on Professor, University of Cambridge Human Evolution” Gen Suwa Professor,• The University Museum, The University of Tokyo • Satoshi Hirata Theme Technology / Genetic Science / Arts Professor, Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University 2nd Finished July 11 – 12, 2015 Tracing the Path of Evolution, in Holistic Contemplation of Present and Future Civilization July 11, 2015 Symposium Opening Ceremony • Jo Kondo Harry A. Atwater Professor Emeritus, Ochanomizu University / Composer Howard• Hughes Professor of Applied and Masahiro Miwa Theme • Windows to the Future Materials Science, California Institute of Technology Arts and Philosophy Dean and Professor, IAMAS (Institute of Advanced Media 3rd Finished Arts and Sciences) / Composer Looking Through the Eyes of Bio/Medical Technology, • Hiroyuki Matsunami "Music" July 9 – 10, 2016 Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University Toshio Nakagawa Advanced Technology • Mathematics, and Art Takahito Ono “Music in the 20th Century, Vice-President, Japan Society for Contemporary Music "Electronics" • / Executive Director, The Japan Federation of Professor, Graduate School of Engineering, and the 21st Century” Composers Inc. / Lecturer, Ochanomizu University / “State-of-the-Art Electronics” Composer / Pianist Roel Baets Hermann Gottschewski Professor,• Ghent University • Finished Theme Professor, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The 4th Art, Science and Technology to Inspire Professor, imec (Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre) University of Tokyo July 1 – 2, 2017 Kyoko Kitamura Dreams and Adventure Full-time• Lecturer, Institute for the Promotion of University Strategy, Global Excellence, Kyoto Institute of Technology Closing Session

Kyoto University—Inamori Foundation Joint Kyoto Prize Symposium ARCHIVES MEMO

July 10, 2016 Symposium 3rd Christiane Rousseau Professor,• Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Windows Centre de Recherches Mathématiques, University of Montreal Basic Sciences to the Future "Mathematical Sciences" Director-General,• Distinguished Professor, The Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study / Project Professor, “Mathematicians' Views on Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences the World” Toshikazu Sunada Dean,• School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Jeffrey C. Lagarias Professor,• Department of Mathematics, University of July 9, 2016 Symposium Michigan Opening Ceremony • Atsushi Miyawaki Deputy Director, RIKEN Brain Science Institute / Arts and Philosophy ISHIUCHI Miyako Photographer Laboratory Head, Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, • "Arts" Zofia Kulik Master of Art / Photographer Advanced Technology RIKEN Brain Science Institute / Laboratory Head, • "Biotechnology and Biotechnological Optics Research Team, RIKEN Center for • Marina Gržinić Medical Technology" Advanced Photonics “Art of Coping with the Research Advisor, The Institute of Philosophy of the Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of J. Craig Venter • Cruel World” Sciences and Arts “Revolution of Technology in Human Longevity, Inc. / J. Craig Venter Institute / Professor, Academy of Fine Arts Vienna Synthetic Genomics, Inc. / Doctor Life Sciences” Director,• Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology / Professor, The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University Closing Session • Professor, Kyoto University

July 2, 2017 Symposium

4th Susumu Kitagawa Distinguished• Professor, Deputy Director-General, Advanced Technology Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study / Art, Science and "Materials Science and Director, Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, 20 21 Technology to Engineering" Kyoto University • Shanhui Fan Professor, Inspire Dreams and “Investigation of • Yoshinori Tokura New Materials for a Director, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science / Adventure Sustainable Future” Professor, The University of Tokyo Hideo Ohno Director,• Professor, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University

July 1, 2017 Symposium Asahiko Taira Opening Ceremony Basic Sciences President,• Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and "Earth and Planetary Technology (JAMSTEC) Sciences, Astronomy and Tim Palmer Yokozen Kabuki Children's Workshop Astrophysics" Royal• Society (350th Anniversary) Research Professor, Nagi• Board of Education, Okayama Prefecture Arts and Philosophy University of Oxford "Theater, Cinema" Oriza Hirata “A Renewed Sense of Katsuji Koyama Playwright,• Director / Specially Appointed Professor, • Wonder toward the Earth Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University “Why Do People Perform? Center for the Study of CO Design, Osaka University and the Universe” — The Meaning of Shinichi Nakazawa Professor,• University of Oxford Anthropologist• / Director, Institut pour la Science Art for Homo Sapiens / Sauvage, Meiji University Human Beings —” • Kazuki Omori Director, Writer / Professor, Closing Session

Kyoto University—Inamori Foundation Joint Kyoto Prize Symposium