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Download Free from the Itunes App Store Today! HHMI BULLETIN F ALL ’12 V OL .25 • N O . 03 • 4000 Jones Bridge Road Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815-6789 Hughes Medical Institute Howard www.hhmi.org Out of Africa • This beauty is Aedes aegypti, a mosquito that can transmit www.hhmi.org dengue and yellow fever viruses, among others. Originally from Africa, it is now found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. While this mosquito prefers to feast on animals over humans, it lives in close proximity to blood-hungry relatives that will choose a human meal every time. HHMI investigator Leslie Vosshall and her lab group are studying the evolutionary changes behind the insects’ diverse dietary habits. Their research may help reduce mosquito-borne illnesses. Read about Vosshall and the arc of her scientific career in “Avant Garde Scientist,” page 18. perils of fatty liver vosshall on the scent über cameras vol. vol. 25 / no. / no. Leslie Vosshall 03 ObservatiOns tHe traininG PiPeLine to prepare and retain a topnotch, diverse scientific workforce, increasingly necessary if the market for biomedical researchers trainees should be introduced to multiple career paths, according to strengthens outside of the United States in coming years). a June report by the niH biomedical Workforce Working Group. One of those options—the staff scientist—could use a boost. Co-chaired Today, these scientists bring stability to many labs and provide by Princeton University President shirley tilghman (see “the Future important functions as part of institutional core facilities, but have a of science,” HHMI Bulletin, May 2011) and sally rockey, niH deputy wide variety of titles and employment conditions. As an example, director for extramural research, the working group notes a decline in staff scientists constitute an essential part of the NIH intramural biomedical Ph.D.s in tenure-track faculty positions, and suggests research program. In the extramural program, these scientists do not modifying training programs to include diverse experiences relevant apply for their own grants, but are supported by research project, 30 to the careers they are likely to find. HHMi investigators on the Center and Program Project grants. They should be differentiated from From small beginnings come great things. It’s hard to believe 14-member committee included Leemor Joshua-torr and richard Lifton. “soft money” scientists, whose employment depends upon their that this brightly studded balloon will within hours become successful competition for research funds, a category that has been a flight-ready fruit fly. By following color-coded cells in a The typical academic laboratory consists of a PI and one or a small increasing over the last few years. Drosophila embryo, such as the one seen here, Philipp Keller number of permanent technical staff, with the majority of the research tracks the origin and movement of cells over time using a carried out by trainees. This creates a system in which a large number of The working group encourages NIH study sections to be receptive to grant microscopy technique he developed at Janelia Farm Research future scientists are being produced each year, well in excess of the applications that include staff scientists and urges institutions to create Campus. See his video of the embryo’s development from number of research-oriented jobs in academia, government and industry. position categories that reflect the value and stature of these researchers. start to finish at www.hhmi.org/bulletin/fall2012. The working group believes that even a modest change in the ratio of permanent staff to trainees could have a beneficial effect on the system without reducing the productivity of the research enterprise. Staff excerpted from Biomedical Workforce Working Group Report, scientists—individuals with master’s or Ph.D. degrees—could play a a Working Group of the advisory Committee to the Director, national Keller lab / Janelia Farm Research Campus Research Farm lab / Janelia Keller Owen Gatley more important role in biomedical research (one that may become institutes of Health, June 14, 2012. fall ’12 vol. 25 · no. o3 12 18 Web-Only Content Meet some of the behind-the-scenes specialists who help modern science get done. Turtles and snakes and frogs, oh my! View the critters discovered during a herpetological survey at Janelia Farm. Read a Q&A with computer scientist Hanchuan Peng on developing sophisticated ways to make sense of biological images. Watch a fruit fly embryo develop and follow a dragonfly as it captures its prey, thanks to the latest developments in visualization techniques. Learn about the technology that lets researchers watch a heart grow, one vibrant cell at a time. GO GREEN Prefer to receive your Bulletin digitally? Go to hhmi.org/bulletin/subscribe. 24 30 Features Departments COVER STORY PRESIDENT’S LETTER INSTITUTE NEWS THE INDISPENSABLES 03 Stabilizing Forces 40 HHMI Awards $50 Million to Colleges 12 The backbone of most labs, these quiet 40 Fifty International Students Get CENTRIFUGE heroes do it all and then some. Support from HHMI 04 Good Stewards 41 Medical Fellows Get a Chance to AVANT GARDE SCIENTIST 05 Undercover Triathlete Try Research 18 With an outsider’s perspective, 06 Stepping into Sustainability Leslie Vosshall has changed thinking 41 2012 Holiday Lectures on Science— UPFRONT about the meaning of olfaction— Changing Planet: Past, Present, Future 08 Push and Pull for humans and insects. LAB BOOK 10 Cancer’s Dead End THE FAT YOU CAN’T SEE 42 The Yin and Yang of Plant Defense PERSPECTIVES AND OPINIONS 24 In growing numbers of people, the liver 43 Like a Chinese Finger Trap 34 Connecting Cultures holds a hidden, dangerous store of fat. 44 Wiring the Brain 36 Q&A—What part of your job would Finding the triggers is step one. people find the most surprising? ASK A SCIENTIST THE VIEW FROM HERE 45 Why do we develop distastes for CHRONICLE 30 Unbounded creativity—and powerful certain foods? SCIENCE EDUCATION computers—make possible the latest 38 Teaching Genomics, Plainly NOTA BENE devices designed to peer into the 46 News of recent awards and other deepest recesses of organs and cells. notable achievements OBSERVATIONS The Training Pipeline VISIT THE BULLETIN ONLINE FOR ADDITIONAL CONTENT AND ADDED FEATURES: www.hhmi.org/bulletin COVER IMAGE: CHRIS KING editor’s letter WHere’s MY HHMI BULLETIN? Something’s different, all right. You didn’t receive print Bulletin, others have wholly embraced the your August HHMI Bulletin. Not to worry; it just web or iPad editions. Whatever your preference, means that we’re going to a new publication we are committed to continue to bring you stories schedule. Beginning with this issue, the Bulletin of scientific discovery. will be published three times a year, rather than We hope, too, that you enjoy this issue, partic- quarterly. The issues—called Fall, Winter, and ularly our cover story on “the indispensables”— Spring—will come out in September, January, and those research specialists who are critical to the May, respectively. success of myriad laboratory research programs. Publication of the web and iPad editions of Having spent many years working at the bench, the Bulletin will follow the same schedule, with both in university medical centers and industry, all the vibrant multimedia, interactive elements, I know just how essential these individuals can and extra content you’ve come to expect. During be. Though some shy away from the limelight, we the summer months, when many of you are busy take a moment to shine a light, however briefly, with family and travel, we plan to make regular on the talents and contributions of a few of updates to our website with fresh content. HHMI’s lab heroes—in this print issue and on our We hope the new publication schedule will website. We hope their stories will inspire future suit you, our readers, as we move forward in an generations to follow in their footsteps. increasingly digital age. And we hope that with this change we are lessening the impact on the planet, in at least a small way. While many read- ers tell us they prefer the look and feel of the HHMI TRUSTEES HHMI OFFICERS James A. Baker, III, Esq. Robert Tjian, Ph.D. / President Senior Partner / Baker Botts LLP Cheryl A. Moore / Executive V.P. & Chief Operating Officer Ambassador Charlene Barshefsky Craig A. Alexander / V.P. & General Counsel Senior International Partner Sean B. Carroll, Ph.D. / V.P. for Science Education WilmerHale Jack E. Dixon, Ph.D. / V.P. & Chief Scientific Officer Joseph L. Goldstein, M.D. Mohamoud Jibrell / V.P. for Information Technology Regental Professor & Chairman / Department of Molecular Genetics Nitin Kotak / V.P. & Chief Financial Officer University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Gerald M. Rubin, Ph.D. / V.P. & Executive Director, Hanna H. Gray, Ph.D. Janelia Farm Research Campus President Emeritus & Harry Pratt Judson Kathy Wyszynski / V.P. for Human Resources Distinguished Service Professor of History The University of Chicago Landis Zimmerman / V.P. & Chief Investment Officer Garnett L. Keith HHMI BULLETIN STAFF Chairman / SeaBridge Investment Advisors, LLC Mary Beth Gardiner / Editor Former Vice Chairman & Chief Investment Officer The Prudential Insurance Company of America Cori Vanchieri / Story Editor Jim Keeley / Science Editor Fred R. Lummis Chairman & CEO Nicole Kresge / Assistant Editor Platform Partners LLC Maya Pines / Contributing Editor Sir Paul Nurse ADDITIoNAL CoNTRIBuToRS President / The Royal Society Michelle Cissell, Mark Farrell, Lyn Garrity, Dame Alison Richard, Ph.D. Heather McDonald, Anne Sommer Professor / Yale University VSA Partners, NYC / Concept & Design Clayton S. Rose, Ph.D. Finlay Printing / Printing & Binding Professor of Management Practice Harvard University Kurt L. Schmoke, Esq., Chairman Vice President & General Counsel / Howard University Anne M. Tatlock Director, Retired Chairman & CEO Fiduciary Trust Company International Telephone (301) 215.8855 • Fax (301) 215.8863 • www.hhmi.org ©2012 Howard Hughes Medical Institute The opinions, beliefs, and viewpoints expressed by authors in the HHMI Bulletin do not necessarily reflect the opinions, beliefs, viewpoints, or official policies of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
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