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Daniel S. Pierce. Real NASCAR: White Lightning, Red Clay, and Big Bill France. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010. 360 pp. $30.00, cloth, ISBN 978-0-8078-3384-1. Reviewed by Mark D. Howell Published on H-NC (September, 2011) Commissioned by Judkin J. Browning (Appalachian State University) Histories of “contemporary” subjects are of‐ nalists and a wide variety of academics alike--in ten difficult to write. Standing too close to the top‐ its ability to traverse stock car racing’s evolution ic can be a problem because sometimes an insuffi‐ from its origins within the culture of bootlegging cient amount of time has passed to warrant a corn liquor across the American Southeast to its clear analysis of the sport in question. All too of‐ current role as a globally popular sport driven by ten, such a history can be drowned out by the loyal fans and the necessary support of corporate present-day news surrounding the topic; a histori‐ sponsorship. As Pierce explains through his cal analysis can fall victim to the loudest and most exquisitely detailed and most fascinating book, colorful of Web sites and newspaper stories the history of NASCAR stock car racing is more charged with covering the latest-and-greatest about economic survival than jaw-dropping events within the sport itself. Writing a history of speed. From its earliest days, NASCAR’s founders NASCAR presents both of these problems. The no‐ were acutely aware of what seemed to be a three- tion of what constitutes a useful period of time be‐ tiered relationship among the racers, their fans, tween the historical past and the knowledge-hun‐ and business (as in the “big” variety that helped gry present is difficult to ascertain, while mesmer‐ pay the bills, and the “show” variety that packed izing stories about the sport of stock car racing of‐ grandstands all across the country). Throughout ten rely on NASCAR’s folklore in order to con‐ its history, NASCAR has endeavored--often suc‐ struct an interesting perspective on what might cessfully, but sometimes not--to capitalize on our be misconstrued as little more than a curious re‐ fascination with the automobile, our desire to see gional footnote. skillful athletes engaging in feats of death-defying Daniel S. Pierce has written a history of competition, and the need for the sport to rise NASCAR that surpasses all previous attempts by above its rough-and-tumble, almost mythic, ori‐ authors--works written by both motorsports jour‐ H-Net Reviews gins to achieve a more “mainstream” acceptabili‐ shrouded in myth, and even the better histories of ty. the sport lack any sort of historical documenta‐ Pierce, an associate professor of history at the tion. Many of the tales they relate have been re‐ University of North Carolina at Asheville, par‐ peated over and over, each author borrowing layed his own regional background into an oppor‐ from the other and none actually verifying the tunity to write this most astounding piece of stories’ authenticity. A major goal, then, of this scholarship. Not only did Pierce utilize all manner work is to attempt to separate the myths of stock of research to build his interpretation of NASCAR, car racing’s early days from documented fact” but he also delved into the sport from a more per‐ (pp. 6-7). To this end, Pierce’s book is nothing sonal perspective. Although he never attended a short of incredible. NASCAR event until 1994, that initial “field” expe‐ Pierce relies on the usual sources available to rience--along with a casual existence alongside a historian of contemporary topics, including NASCAR based on living in North Carolina and newspaper articles, magazine features, existing Tennessee--moved him enough to explore the role literature, and Web sites. Given his geographical that moonshining played in the evolution of location, however, and the fact that so many fg‐ NASCAR as the sport grew from a regional ures central to the evolution of NASCAR are still “sideshow” into the nationally marketed entity with us, Pierce utilizes extensive interviews he that emerged during the early 1970s, after the R. J. conducted with some of the sport’s greatest and Reynolds Tobacco Company signed on as a corpo‐ most influential personalities; in order to gather rate benefactor to turn what had been known as necessary “personal” observations regarding the Grand National Division into the Winston Cup NASCAR’s most formative years, Pierce includes Series (what is today called the Sprint Cup Series, oral histories he recorded from NASCAR Hall of since the popularity of smoking cigarettes has Famers like Junior Johnson, Richard Petty, Ned been replaced by the more popular use of cell Jarrett, and David Pearson. He also conducted in‐ phones). Pierce turned his curiosity as a historian terviews with fgures who took part in NASCAR’s and a North Carolinian into what is most certainly development from a more behind-the-scenes per‐ the fnest piece of motorsports scholarship ever spective--racing insiders like H. A. “Humpy” written. Wheeler (the voice of “Tex” in the movie Cars Pierce set out with a rather simple goal, to try [2006]) and famed journalist Chris Economaki (a and explain the popularity of NASCAR stock car former television race commentator and the long- racing. Many others have tried to do this--myself time editor of the National Speed Sport News). included--but the results have all too often fallen Such personal observations add great depth to the short.[1] This has been because so many books overall context of Pierce’s subject matter, and about the history and culture of NASCAR have fo‐ their reflections offer a depiction of NASCAR that cused too heavily on the folklore surrounding the goes beyond the rehashed folktales often found in sport’s true past. The stories about NASCAR’s earli‐ earlier NASCAR histories. These are the people at est days are wildly interesting and great fun to the center of many NASCAR stories, and what bet‐ both read and write, but, as Pierce posits at the ter way to achieve accuracy than to speak directly beginning of his book, “One of the necessary as‐ to the source? Time and age do tend to cloud pects of building such a narrative on the history memories and allow them to be reinterpreted, but of stock car racing and NASCAR in the South is to the critical topics addressed by Pierce with his in‐ include only those stories that can be verified. terview subjects--pivotal events like the Profes‐ Much of what has passed for NASCAR history is sional Drivers Association’s (a union for NASCAR drivers) boycott of the inaugural race at Alabama 2 H-Net Reviews International Motor Speedway near the town of where that iconic legacy stagnated until awak‐ Talladega in August of 1969--are so essential to the ened through Pierce’s efforts and insight. sport of stock car racing that the details remain The conclusion of Pierce’s work offers a vi‐ fresh and clear. Add to that the extensive media sion of current-day NASCAR--a sport that is domi‐ trail generated by this controversial period in nated by marketing representatives, sports NASCAR’s history, and Pierce is able to convey the agents, media personalities, driver/celebrities, heartfelt attitudes, impressions, and opinions of and massive amounts of corporate money. While those who were there, with the documented NASCAR has changed dramatically, especially fol‐ “facts” as published by regional newspapers and lowing the death of seven-time Sprint Cup cham‐ racing periodicals. This is just one example, culled pion Dale Earnhardt during the fnal lap of the from many, of how Pierce’s new book takes popu‐ Daytona 500 back in 2001, the author suggests lar racing folklore and turns it into a more con‐ that parts of NASCAR circa 2008 still seem rooted crete racing reality. in the sport’s more colorful past. Pierce writes The central idea running throughout Real about seeing alternating regions around Bristol NASCAR is the question of just how much bootleg‐ Motor Speedway where the corporate influence of gers were directly involved with the birth and de‐ today was matched by areas around the track velopment of the sport. Hauling moonshine “that reflect the sport’s white-liquor and red-clay against the constant threat of arrest by federal roots” (p. 297). He writes of fans “who looked like agents, and the ever-present possibility of a high- they might have sacrificed meal money--or speed accident while carrying over 130 gallons of pawned something--to purchase a ticket,” and of highly volatile corn liquor, made racing stock cars going to an area “populated by fans in relatively a favorable means by which to earn a living. This modest campers and pop-up trailers” where there was even more the case after “Big Bill” France was “the consumption of large amounts of alco‐ and an assembly of his peers (including car own‐ hol, including moonshine” (p. 297). This observa‐ ers, drivers, mechanics, journalists, and race pro‐ tion from the feld is intended to serve as a bridge moters) founded the National Association for connecting the NASCAR of yesterday’s liquor Stock Car Automobile Racing in December of haulers to the sport as seen today. Emphasis on 1947. Pierce addresses the bootlegger question social class is critical here, especially when build‐ once and for all by turning to his vast collection of ing a case for the harsh realities of NASCAR’s reliable sources. While the moonshiner element “hard-scrabble” past, but--unfortunately--banking in NASCAR has become the stuff of folk legend in on such stereotypical imagery renders the overall stories, songs, movies, and various books, it is the conclusion of Real NASCAR as more of the same work of Daniel Pierce that follows the trail com‐ which has been covered in earlier books on this pletely from the pre-NASCAR days of “trippers” subject.

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