DOCSLIB.ORG

The Baltic Sea Region 2011/2012 Evening Moodinnyhavn/Copenhagen

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Baltic Sea Region 2011/2012 Evening Moodinnyhavn/Copenhagen Baltic Sea Breezes Welcome to the Baltic Sea Region 2011/2012 Evening moodinNyhavn/Copenhagen ©Ireneusz Cyranek Baltic Sea Breezes 1 CONTENTS EDITORIAL Natural and Cultural Heritage – Promising Potentials Common Heritage – for Tourism in the Baltic Sea Region 2 Feature of Identification for the Baltic Sea Region – Common Tasks – Fascinating Cultural Heritage Brick Gothic 6 Common Objectives Sand Dunes – A Wonder of Nature to Visit and Experience 8 A central public place to meet, debate and Sustainable Nature Tourism in the Baltic Sea Region – exchange ideas – this A Plenty of Breathtaking Protected Areas 10 was the “Agora” around 500 BC in European Charter for Sustainable Tourism Greece. The project in Protected Areas 11 AGORA 2.0 repre- Protected Areas of the PARKS & BENEFITS project sents not just the go for the Charter in the Baltic Sea Region 11 ancient Greek term, but it also follows the Flagship Projects for Closer Cooperation main principle of in the Baltic Sea Region – Innovations Conducive to bringing different par- Tourism and Environment 12 ties closer together, to let them cooperate Enjoy South Baltic! – Fruitful Cooperation under and benefit from each other’s knowledge and work. the Umbrella of Baltic Sea Region Strategy 13 In this frame, 24 partners from 9 neighboring coun- Baltic Sea Region Records Upswing in Tourism – tries of the Baltic Sea act jointly following the imple- Interview with Thomas Mielke, Director BTC 14 mentation of the Baltic Sea Region Programme 2007-2013. AGORA 2.0 was initiated by University Baltic Sea Tourism Forum – of Greifswald´s Institute of Geography and is an ap- Stimulating Sustainable Future Cross-border Activities 15 proved Baltic 21 Lighthouse project. The countries around the Baltic Sea do not only Journalists from India Visiting the Baltic Sea Region – share a long period in history, but also certain natu- Exploring a Melting-pot of Cultures 16 ral and cultural resources. However, the inhabitants´ perception about the common characteristics is not Cover Picture: View of the church in Mariefred, Sweden ©Freddie Bijkerk fully developed yet and the Baltic Sea Region is not well-known as one common region. For this reason, the project AGORA 2.0 aims at iden- 2 tifying peculiarities which might support the devel- opment of a common identity of people living in the Baltic Sea Region. It seems that appealing treasures 6 of natural and cultural heritage are very promising features in this regard. Based on those heritage assets, innovative tourism products should be developed. The promotion of these products will increase the visibility of the whole area as a tourist destination and as an inter- esting business environment. Various experts have already met at the “Agora”, in order to pursue the goals of the project. Of course, common heritage, tasks and objectives around the sea will also let the partners keep on cooperating in the future, in order to strengthen the visibility of the Baltic Sea Region. Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Steingrube 12 Natural and Cultural Heritage Promising Potentials for Tourism in the Baltic Sea Region By Prof. Dr Wilhelm Steingrube, Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Greifswald Of course, there are countless natural and cultural sites, historical buildings and new astonishing directions in architectural style; very small and also big events; specific food and drinking customs; very old traditions and episodic cultural festivals; UNESCO world heritage labeled and hidden treasures – all these offers lure people to visit the region. So, the Baltic Sea Region is characterized by innumerable touristic attractions. ourism is a growing and future ori- tourism service and management to Another bottle neck of tourism develop- Tented market on the one hand, but develop the tourism potentials in an op- ment is the simple mechanism that the on the other hand it is a demand driven timal way. power of attraction of single sites and market, too, which means that it is ex- As a little support the Baltic Sea destinations correlates with the dis- tremely competitive. Heritage Tourism Information Service tance to source markets: Within and Many attractions are owned and man- (www.bastis-tourism.info) has been im- close to the region the attractions are aged by public bodies. Often, they are plemented. It is a web-based database well known, but going further away they not very well equipped, financially – but that provides market research results of become more and more unknown. And they hope to generate additional bene- the neighboring countries of the Baltic even if the information is available fits from tourism. Furthermore, they Sea for everybody who is engaged in worldwide due to web-presentations, need staff that is well educated in heritage tourism in the area. tourists will not travel long distances to Baltic Sea Breezes 3 ©Jens Mohr ©Toomas Volmer ©Toomas Cities full of tradition – Representative characteristics of the Baltic Sea Region? (Photo: View of St Catherine’s Passage in Tallinn’s Old Town) www.6-bsr-wonders.net. In this con- characterize the landscape in the North test, the most attractive and popular (archipelagos, single blocks & boulders treasures of the region are to be everywhere), the southern coastline is elected. marked by endless sandy beaches, shifting sand dunes and other soft Widespread Common Features coastal formations. View of Skokloster Castle/Sweden The other way to become visible in the Regarding cultural features, different world – promoting widespread common socio-economic systems, groups like features - has to be backed by several the Vikings or the Hanseatic League small single attractions. To lure guests peculiarities, which have to represent strongly influenced the entire region from outside the area the tourist desti- the whole region. around the Baltic Sea. Many castles nations of the Baltic Sea Region need Typical of the entire region - regarding and other historical buildings still docu- to cooperate and to enter the tourism the natural appearance - are the large ment these periods. market as a common destination. But areas of forests covering most parts of The red brick is the characteristic stone then it has to be decided which attrac- the region. It is also the coastline with in the Baltic Sea Region, which was tions to boost. two totally different faces: while stones used to construct numerous public and There are two different ways of becom- ing visible in the world tourism market: either by single unique selling proposi- tions or by common features, which cover and represent most parts of the ©Freddie Bijkerk region. Unique Selling Propositions of the Region What are the unique selling proposi- tions of our region? There are the big capitals of the countries and there are several UNESCO world heritage prop- erties. But do they represent character- istics of the Baltic Sea Region? Perhaps there are other sites, traditions or events, which are more typical of the entire region. To collect and identify the most promising natural and cultural Redbrick Gothic architecture: heritage assets of the region, there is a Church in Kamien Pomorski/Poland public online ranking available on 4 Baltic Sea Breezes ©Betina Meliss (3) View of the lighthouse in Swinoujscie/Poland also private buildings. The project Sea states: red brick gothic, castles & The Baltic Sea is easy to find in a map, AGORA 2.0-Heritage Tourism for museums, forests, shifting sand dunes but the region surrounding the sea is Increased Baltic Sea Region Identity, and stones (blocks & boulders). difficult to define – the definition de- tries to elaborate innovative tourism pends on the discipline and the pur- products and new solutions in heritage “Identity” – The New Key Word pose. So, the area of the Baltic Sea tourism in 5 transnational pilot groups. It is very important for the Baltic Sea Region varies between “simply neigh- Each pilot group focuses on a subject Region to be promoted as a unit by bouring countries” and the water catch- that is typical of at least three Baltic tourism marketing. ment area of the sea, sometimes addi- tionally involving Norway or even Island, due to political reasons. The EU defined an own programme area for this region. At least since that moment, politicians tend to regard the Forest in Zemaitija National Park/Lithuania Baltic Sea Region as a unit. There are the common sea and the natural ap- Baltic Sea Breezes 5 pearance, with its geological surface formed during the Ice Age, which give a sense of regional unity. The similar cli- mate supports the idea of a homoge- ©Juliane Hess (2) nous region. And of course, there is a common his- tory of co-operation and conflicts. In the region there have developed similar architectural styles, traditions, cuisine and also related art styles. The high lev- el of economy, education and security is also similar, compared with other parts in the world. Nevertheless, there is not really a com- mon feeling within the population; there ©Freddie Bijkerk ©Betina Meliss (2) Nature in the Baltic Sea Region appears in many fascinating ways. itage assets. The features offered for ferent target groups in tourism which evaluation cover all three dimensions of have to be addressed by different ad- sustainability: 9 elements of natural verts. Therefore, it is important to have characteristics, 10 cultural assets and 6 a pool of such “common (identity) fea- of economy and society. tures”. It is expected not to select just the “one The Baltic Sea Region has a lot of po- and only” feature, but a pool of charac- tential characteristics as well as numer- teristics. Such a set is more useful be- ous attractions, but it is necessary to cause it is necessary for marketing pur- select those, which cover most as- poses to know several features, which pects, fit to the target markets and are are backed by the population.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Brick Gothic Recovering Atmospheric Versatility Itinerary Route
    Brick Gothic Recovering atmospheric versatility Itinerary Route The contemporary dilemma of uniting building character with energy and Latvia Day 1-2 effciency considerations has often led to isolated specialist approaches that Riga overlook synergies in the inherent properties of common construction materials. A study of building traditions before the introduction of large-scale metal Poland Day 3-7 components and conditioning systems, however, reveals a tectonic richness Gdansk stemming from culturally self-aware and inherently economical approaches to Malbork structural and climatic challenges. In the case of the brick gothic architecture Torun of the former Hanseatic League cities, this awareness manifested in muscular buildings with polychrome patterns and bas-relief complexity, assembled from Germany Day 8-18 simple brick masonry units. Of many subsequent pan-European interpretations, Stralsund one British architect devoted to the neo-Gothic - Professor Alan Short - has Wismar Riga exhibited particular virtuosity in adapting this subtle form of exuberance to Lübeck his very different and highly specifc environmental requirements. His work Hamburg demonstrates the enduring versatility of this lineage of architectural expression Bremen in creating atmospheric depth with tectonic sophistication but material economy. Manchester Gdansk Netherlands Day 19-21 Lichfeld The backsteingotik, ‘brick gothic’ in German, partly evolved from a desire Zwolle Stralsund Leicester to reinforce continental culture along the shipping routes of the Hanseatic Amsterdam Lübeck Birmingham Malbork League of allied trading port-cities in the 12th - 15th centuries. With political Wismar and religious tensions as present as the harsh maritime conditions, important England Day 22-32 Bremen Coventry Amsterdam Hamburg commercial and public projects tended to be durable and aesthetically confdent Manchester Zwolle Torun structures, but due to the lack of stone resources, were often built using clay Lichfeld masonry.
    [Show full text]
  • The Grunwald Trail
    n the Grunwald fi elds thousands of soldiers stand opposite each other. Hidden below the protec- tive shield of their armour, under AN INVITATION Obanners waving in the wind, they hold for an excursion along long lances. Horses impatiently tear their bridles and rattle their hooves. Soon the the Grunwald Trail iron regiments will pounce at each other, to clash in a deadly battle And so it hap- pens every year, at the same site knights from almost the whole of Europe meet, reconstructing events which happened over six hundred years ago. It is here, on the fi elds between Grunwald, Stębark and Łodwigowo, where one of the biggest battles of Medieval Europe took place on July . The Polish and Lithuanian- Russian army, led by king Władysław Jagiełło, crushed the forces of the Teutonic Knights. On the battlefi eld, knights of the order were killed, together with their chief – the great Master Ulrich von Jungingen. The Battle of Grunwald, a triumph of Polish and Lithuanian weapons, had become the symbol of power of the common monarchy. When fortune abandoned Poland and the country was torn apart by the invaders, reminiscence of the battle became the inspiration for generations remembering the past glory and the fi ght for national independence. Even now this date is known to almost every Pole, and the annual re- enactment of the battle enjoys great popularity and attracts thousands of spectators. In Stębark not only the museum and the battlefi eld are worth visiting but it is also worthwhile heading towards other places related to the great battle with the Teutonic Knights order.
    [Show full text]
  • Pomerania “A Explore the Westpomeranian Region
    S / West Pomerania Explore “a the Westpomeranian Region ■ ■ u m m u J ROUTES . .IV _ * # LAKE DISTRICTS WESTPOMERANIAN ^ Pomerania VOIVODSHIP Poland: located between the Baltic Sea and the Carpathian Mountains and the Sudetes. Area of the country: 312 685 km2. Administrative division: 16 voivodships Currency: Polish zloty Longest rivers: the Vistula River, the Oder River Official language: Polish In European Union: since 2004 Poland shares borders with the following countries: from the West with Germany, from the South with the Czech Republic and Slovakia, from the East with Ukraine and Belarus, and from the North with Lithuania and Russia (the Kaliningrad District). The Westpomeranian voivodship is located in the North-West Poland, at the coast of the Baltic Sea. The voivodship shares borders with the Pomeranian Voivodship from the East, the Great Poland and the Lubuskie Voivodships from the South, and from the West with German Lands: Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. It covers the area of 22 892.48 km2. Szczecin is the seat of the voivodship authorities. Western Pomerania is the destination for holiday rest, a perfect place for active tourism, meetings with history, culture and tradition and finally a very attractive place for entertainment during numerous sports and tourist events. Explore Western Pomerania, the region located in the heart of Europe, in the North-West Poland, appealing with gorgeous sandy beaches, the Baltic breeze and much more! Discover how many attractions you may find in the land of lakes and rivers. Active tourists will be have an opportunity to practice sailing, windsurfing, kitesurfing, paragliding, canoeing, parachute jumping, and enjoy waterways, canoe trails, and golf courses.
    [Show full text]
  • Mega-Structures of the Middle Ages: the Construction of Religious Buildings in Europe and Asia, C.1000-1500
    Mega-Structures of the Middle Ages: The Construction of Religious Buildings in Europe and Asia, c.1000-1500 Maarten Prak Utrecht University [email protected] Abstract: How did medieval builders manage to construct Gothic cathedrals—buildings which are still among the tallest structures in the world—without access to the modern engineering theories? The paper investigates medieval building knowledge and the way it was transferred across the generations. Printed information only seems to have emerged in the course of the 15th century. Construction drawings were limited to details. By implication, the relevant knowledge must have been transferred on a personal basis. Its underlying principles therefore must have been reasonably simple. The paper attempts to demonstrate that a modular design and execution was underpinning much of the construction work on large projects such as European cathedrals. By briefly considering building projects in the Middle East and Asia, it also suggests that this was probably true throughout Eurasia. 1 Introduction In the medieval Latin West1, building must have been among the most important industries, constituting perhaps as much as five percent of the economy. Between 1136—when building started on the new choir for the church of Saint Denis, north of Paris, presumably the first Gothic project—and the middle of the fourteenth century, medieval Europe was in the grip of what amounted to a building boom. Major projects continued to be undertaken in the following centuries. The products of this boom still amaze observers today. In many European towns the cathedral and other medieval churches are among the main tourist sights and keep attracting crowds of visitors who travel long distances to admire them.
    [Show full text]
  • ROSTOCK, GERMANY Disembark: 0800 Monday, September 08 Onboard: 1800 Tuesday, September 09
    ROSTOCK, GERMANY Disembark: 0800 Monday, September 08 Onboard: 1800 Tuesday, September 09 Brief Overview: Right off of the Northern coast of Germany situated just inland from the Baltic Sea lays Rostock, the largest city in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The city was founded in 1200 by German merchants and craftsmen and has since grown to be a large seaport. The city of Rostock is home to one of the oldest universities in the world, the University of Rostock founded in 1419. In the city proper you can see brick gothic buildings from the 13th century, baroque facades from the 18th century and carefully restored gables from the 15th and 16th century, all standing side-by- side in the Neuer Markt. Running east, and connecting the university to Neuer Markt is the pedestrian precinct known as Kröpeliner Straße. Kröpeliner Straße is a central location from which you can visit the Convent of St. Catherine and St. Nicholas Church, the oldest church in Rostock. Rostock is also a great base location for your adventures because of the ease with which you may venture to many of Germany’s most exciting and well-known destinations. Out of town: Berlin is just a three-hour trip away with much to do and see. Explore the city’s dark recent history and numerous memorials, including the Holocaust Memorial and the concentration camps that lay just outside of Berlin. There is much to do and see in this vibrant and modern-day culture. Immerse yourself in the energetic art scene that Berlin has become widely known for, ranging from its street art to its fabulous art collections housed in museums such as the Pergamon.
    [Show full text]
  • World Heritage City
    BRUGES WORLD HERITAGE CITY 1 INTRODUCTION ruges is a unique city and is featured in the list of World Heritage Sites no less than four times. The historic centre of Bruges was acknowledged as a World Heritage Site on November 30th 2000. The Beguinage and the Belfry had already been included in the list in 1998 and 1999 respectively. In 2009 the Procession of the Holy Blood was recognized as Immaterial World Heritage. The title of World Heritage Site is a prestigious one. It puts the city on the international map and therefore holds additional cultural and tourist appeal. The city owes a lot to its past and its unique historical position. A city connected with the hanseatic league and the centre of European trade in the Middle Ages, Bruges is a compact city, densely built and with a wealth of art treasures. The unique architectural heritage has been carefully preserved throughout the centuries. In addition, Bruges boasts impressive museum collections, the most important of which is the collection of Flemish Primitives. Other treasures have been preserved in museums, churches, archives, foundations and the Municipal Public Library. The city also has a lot to offer in the field of immaterial heritage: the Procession of the Holy Blood recognised by Uneso, the Our Lady of Blindekens procession, the archers guilds, the musical traditions, to name only a few. This makes Bruges a paradise for those looking for additional value. The recognition as World Heritage is largely due to the architectural heritage, in particular because the city of Bruges is regarded as a ’textbook’ of architectural history, specifically of ‘Brick Gothic’.
    [Show full text]
  • European Architecture 1750-1890
    Oxford History of Art European Architecture 1750-1890 Barry Bergdoll O X fO R D UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford 0 x2 6 d p Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bombay Calcutta Cape Town Dares Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madras Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris Sao Paulo Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the U K and in certain other countries © Barry Bergdoll 2000 First published 2000 by Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the proper permission in writing o f Oxford University Press. Within the U K, exceptions are allowed in respect of any fair dealing for the purpose of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Design and Patents Act, 1988, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms and in other countries should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, byway o f trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.
    [Show full text]
  • Sacral Landscape and Its Influence on the Tourism
    International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Volume 2 Issue 2 Article 4 2014 Sacral landscape and its influence on the ourismt space development in the region (based on the example of Western Pomerania region NW Poland) Tomasz Duda University of Szczecin, Department of Tourism, Poland, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://arrow.tudublin.ie/ijrtp Part of the Tourism and Travel Commons Recommended Citation Duda, Tomasz (2014) "Sacral landscape and its influence on the ourismt space development in the region (based on the example of Western Pomerania region NW Poland)," International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage: Vol. 2: Iss. 2, Article 4. doi:https://doi.org/10.21427/D7JQ59 Available at: https://arrow.tudublin.ie/ijrtp/vol2/iss2/4 Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License. © International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage ISSN : 2009-7379 Available at: http://arrow.dit.ie/ijrtp/ Volume 2(ii) 2014 Sacral Landscape and its Influence on Regional Tourism Space Development: Western Pomerania, NW Poland Dr Tomasz Duda, Tourism Board, Earth Sciences Faculty, University of Szczecin, Poland ul. Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland [email protected] Formed through the centuries, cultural landscapes of a region include not only the material realm in the form of numerous historical buildings, monuments and other evidences of local society’s development, but also significant elements of the immaterial realm, which manifest in the form of spiritual heritage, faith, tradition, customs and language. Interesting, often unique in terms of religious and historical point of view, religious buildings, as well as traditional pilgrimage routes and local shrines are now undeniable qualities, shaping the touristic space of the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Johann 30.10
    Tourist attractions in Szczecin Location ALTERNATIVE DIRECT CONNECTIONS Stockholm Stockholm Copenhagen Berlin Copenhagen Świnoujście Berlin Szczecin Warsaw Berlin’s closest seaport Warnemuende Szczecin Berlin Berth locations POLSKIE QUAY CHROBREGO PIER CHROBRY EMBANKMENT ST. JACOB’S DUCAL CASTLE CATHEDRAL Berth locations WAŁY CHROBREGO POLSKIE QUAY (PREFFERED) (ALTERNATIVE) MAX 6,5 M DRAUGHT 9,15 M MAX 195 M 260 M LENGHT 200 METERS FROM PORT GATE FAMOUS QUAY IN THE CITY 15 KM TO THE BORDER WALK DISTANCE TO THE CITY CENTRE SHUTTLE BUS PROVIDED CITY CENTER CHROBREGO PIER SHUTTLE BUS POLSKIE QUAY SHUTTLE BUS Must see in Szczecin OLD TOWN* *(it’s actually fresh and new) Must see in Szczecin Unique combination of historical and modern architecture Must see in Szczecin Must see in Szczecin Must see in Szczecin Plenty of space, parks and forests inside the city Must-see in Szczecin’s surroundings Middle-oders Large and wild natural resources just by the city borders Must-see in Szczecin’s surroundings Middle-oders Large and wild natural resources just by the city borders Must-see in Szczecin’s surroundings WOLIN reconstruced early-medieval settlement Slavs and Vikings festival Must-see in Szczecin’s surroundings Must-see in Szczecin’s surroundings STARGARD Gothic pearl on the Hansa Route MORYŃ, BANIE, SWOBNICA, CHOJNA Land of medieval monasteries, knights and… vineyards Tour programs IRON COURTAIN DISCOVER THE REBEL REPUBLIC BEHIND THE WALL DURATION: approx. 3 h PROGRAMME: visiting the Dialoque Center „Upheavals”, transportation (an old „Jelcz” bus), a snack in the Szczecin Shipyard cantine Tour programs UNDERGROUND CITY EXPLORE THE TUNNELS DURATION: approx.
    [Show full text]
  • Kuyavia and Pomerania, POLAND
    Kuyavia and Pomerania, POLAND Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, located in the central-north part of Poland, has a surface of 18,000 square km and counts 2,1 mln inhabitants. It has two capitals – Bydgoszcz (governor's office) and Toruń (local government's office). The main towns of the region are Bydgoszcz (367,000 inhabitants), Toruń (200,000), Włocławek (120,000), Grudziądz (100,000) and Inowrocław (78,000). 61,4 % live in urban areas. The province is situated in the central part of Poland on both sides of the longest Polish river – the Vistula. There are a dozen or so higher education institutions in the region. Except from educational services they perform scientific researches. The most important ones are: The University of Nicolaus Copernicus in Toruń, The University of Casimir the Great and Technological-Natural University, both situated in Bydgoszcz. Kuyavia and Pomerania, POLAND The region has a strong food industry (30% of the total industrial production), with many enterprises switching to or continuing traditional ecological manufacture. The region is strong in introducing new technologies. Recent creation of Special Economic Zone in Łysomice allowed to open a Sharp plant as well as other Japanese and Corean factories. Regional authorities support numerous starting enterprises and therefore such organizations as The Center of Technological Transfer in Toruń and Toruń Technological Park have been appointed. The region has non-commercial broadband Internet network. The main airport is situated in Bydgoszcz. Founded in 1998, Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship is centrally located in northern Poland, between Pomorze and Mazury lake districts. It covers the area of 17.972 sq kilometres and equals 5.7 % of Poland’s territory.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Download Medieval Church Architecture
    MEDIEVAL CHURCH ARCHITECTURE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Jon Cannon | 96 pages | 22 Jul 2014 | Bloomsbury Publishing PLC | 9780747812128 | English | London, United Kingdom Medieval Church Architecture - History Learning Site Romanesque, prevalent in medieval Europe during the 11th and 12th centuries, was the first pan-European style since Roman Imperial architecture and examples are found in every part of the continent. The term was not contemporary with the art it describes, but rather, is an invention of modern scholarship based on its similarity to Roman Architecture in forms and materials. Romanesque is characterized by a use of round or slightly pointed arches, barrel vaults, and cruciform piers supporting vaults. Romanesque buildings are widely known throughout Europe. Verticality is emphasized in Gothic architecture, which features almost skeletal stone structures with great expanses of glass, pared-down wall surfaces supported by external flying buttresses , pointed arches using the ogive shape, ribbed stone vaults, clustered columns, pinnacles and sharply pointed spires. Windows contain stained glass , showing stories from the Bible and from lives of saints. Such advances in design allowed cathedrals to rise taller than ever. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article includes a list of references , related reading or external links , but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. November Learn how and when to remove this template message. Main article: Church architecture. Further information: Cistercian architecture. Main articles: Castle and Tower house. See also: Romanesque secular and domestic architecture. See also: Gothic secular and domestic architecture. Main article: Pre-Romanesque art and architecture.
    [Show full text]
  • A HISTORY of ARCHITECTURE Settings and Rituals
    A HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE Settings and Rituals SPIRO 'KOSTOF Original Drawings by Richard Tobias New York Oxford 'WI! OXFORD UNI\'''- I Y PRESS ~ 1985 Chartrf's Cathedral, 1194-'1260; d til il o f flying buttresses , THE FRENCH MAN NER Romanesque and Opus Modernum cu~tliest thing should serve, first and foremost , Gothic. They started from opposite im­ Oairvaux addressed a scathing indictment ior the administration of th e Huly Eucharist. pulses- from plainness and glitter-and Cluny, the powerful monastic or­ The detractors alsu object that a ,aintly mind, il reached a common truth: that fundamen­ pure heart, a faithful intention uught to suffice der that held sway over Christian Europe. tal~ of architecture such as light , propor­ for this sacred fun ction: and we too explicitly and IPrnard was the leader of a new reformist tion , and the handling of building mate­ especially aifirm th,lt it is these that princi pally , the Cistercians. Its aim was to step rials ca n suggest an otherworldly setting as matter. [But I Wt' profess th<1t we must uo hom­ from the worldly success monasticism age also through .. outward ornaments. movingly and convincingly as does the ap­ garnered since the subsidence of post­ with all inner purity .1nd with all outward sp len­ plied content of figurative art and surface disorders and to recover the dor. decoration. idealism of St. Benedict's Rul e. by the fabulous rebuilding of the Suger was not a Cluniac. His defense was The Cistercian Challenge mother house (Fig. 14: '), with a not in support of the form and trappings of To understand the Cistercian revolution , we that was to prove the largest ever the kind of Romanes que church that in­ must highlight the regal ambience of Cluny stand on French soil and the largest oj censed Bernard.
    [Show full text]