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Life, Work, Legacy

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Life, Work, Legacy Starožitnosti 10 Starožitnosti LIFE, WORK, LEGACY THE ENDLESS M. KARLINJOURNEY OF ALMA BARBARA TRNOVEC Alma M. Karlin (12 October 1889 – 14 January 1950) was anti-Nazi views, of whom she was considered one. She was a Celje-born writer, journalist, world traveller, amateur watched by the Gestapo and during one interrogation learnt researcher, polyglot and theosophist who travelled the world that she was considered “an enemy of Hitler’s regime” . She from 1919 until 1927. She travelled alone, continuously, was also kept under surveillance by the Partisans, whom she for eight years, supporting herself throughout the course joined in the summer of 1944. For some time she was even of her journey by working: teaching languages, translating watched by Tito’s wife Herta Haas. Given her anti-Nazi and writing articles for publication in numerous European and anti-Communist views and her pro-British stance, she newspapers. The nature of her travels places her, in my was fortunate not to be liquidated. Not unexpectedly, she 8 estimation, among the greatest travellers of all time. was also watched after the war. Her name appears in the 9 record of the main hearing at the Nagode Trial, the first of During the course of her life’s journey, fascinating to any the post-war political show trials staged by the Communist observer, Alma M. Karlin transcended all possible boundaries. authorities in Slovenia. It appears that the post-war author- As I have already written elsewhere: she transcended the ities were very afraid of her escaping abroad. boundaries of physical limitations, the boundaries of her sex, the boundaries of the social class to which she belonged, Delving into the background of some of these fabrications the boundaries of her constructed national identity, the has significantly helped us to crystallise an image of this re- boundaries of physical distance, and also the boundaries of markable woman. She traced her own path at a very young the spirit of the age. Even today her ideas seem fresh and age, and then followed it with incredible determination. At relevant – they are in fact timeless – and continue to address the age of sixteen she realised that the only way to escape and inspire a growing number of people. her suffocating environment and the extremely negative influence of her mother Vilibalda – whose pressure upon She was brave. Independent. Resolute. Thirsty for know- her prompted her first thoughts of suicide at the age of just ledge. Focused on her goal. This was the spirit in which her thirteen – was through knowledge. Through knowledge father Jakob Karlin raised her, and we can read all of this in that could be converted into earnings and thus a path to the defiant expression on the face of the little girl with the independence. It was then that she began to learn languages. boyish haircut. Even then she was seen as different and was At the age of eighteen she set off into “voluntary exile” to unaccepted by her own environment. So it would be until London and in 1914 passed (with flying colours) examina- the end of her life – and even for decades after her death. tions in English, French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian and Russian at the famous Royal Society of A number of fabrications were circulated about her, seven Arts and the London Chamber of Commerce. A year later, of which are covered in the book. These were either the when she was living in Norway, she discovered her life’s fruit of misunderstanding, gossip, slander, envy or the mission: writing. interests of individuals and groups, or the result of oppor- tunism, superficiality and lack of professionalism on the part When she returned to Celje in 1918, she was firmly resolved of researchers. In some cases they were the result of fear: to set off on a journey around the world. Between 1919 and those who tried to portray her as mad and to minimise the 1927 she travelled the world in a way that no one – man or importance of her work also kept her under surveillance and woman – had ever travelled it before her. In the late 1920s sought to eliminate her. Documents from the 1930s held and the first half of the 1930s she enjoyed considerable suc- in the German federal archives show that a file was being cess as a writer and traveller – both in Europe and beyond. kept on her even then. Following the German occupation This was something she had dreamt about as a young girl. INTRODUCTION of Celje during the Second World War, she was one of the After this, however, came some very dark years. Right to first Slovenes to be arrested. Even before the occupation, the the bitter end. members of the Celje Kulturbund had collected a variety of confidential information, including about Slovenes with On the evening before her departure, in reply to her moth- The next day, 19 February 1920, she went aboard the Bo- er’s question as to why she was going, she answered: “Be- logna clutching her third-class ticket. “Because I had once cause I must. Something inside me is urging me, and I will seen pictures of third-class accommodations aboard a ship, I not find peace if I do not obey this impulse.” 1 Asked when imagined I knew everything … ” 6 The crush, the unbearable she would return, she replied that she would be back in two stench and the noise in the bowels of the liner bothered her and a half years, three at the most. And added: “And then less than the thought that she could not afford to travel in you will have good reason to be proud of me!” 2 first class. As the ship steamed through the Strait of Gibral- tar, she bade farewell to Europe, but it was not until the 12 A year after the end of the First World War and a month Bologna left Tenerife that it hit her: “I had turned my back 13 after her thirtieth birthday, Alma M. Karlin set off on her on my homeland for goodness knows how long.” 7 She set journey around the world with the modest savings she had off into the unknown like “a crazy Columbus” , summoned accumulated by giving language lessons.3 She took with up her courage “with Columbian dreams” , saw herself as her a suitcase (in which space was found for a manuscript “a modern Columbus” discovering the world. copy of her own ten-language dictionary), a small leather handbag and her indispensable typewriter – her cherished 1 Alma M. Karlin, Sama: Iz otroštva in mladosti (Celje: In lingua, Erika. Celje railway station was dark. A light, icy rain was 2010), 307. 2 falling and she was chilled to the bone. When the over- Karlin, Sama, 307. crowded train stopped at the platform, she bade farewell 3 She managed to save 130 dollars and 950 marks. “The mark had practically collapsed even before I arrived abroad, so all I to the friends who had come to see her off and boarded was left with were the dollars.” (Karlin, Samotno potovanje, 8). 4 her carriage. The date was Monday, 24 November 1919. Alma M. Karlin, Samotno potovanje v daljne dežele: Tragedija ženske (Celje: Celjska Mohorjeva družba, 2007), 11. 5 Karlin, Samotno potovanje, 21. Her original aim was to travel first to Japan, but as a result 6 Karlin, Samotno potovanje, 22. of circumstances – lack of money or the wrong papers 7 Karlin, Samotno potovanje, 37. – she instead took passage at Genoa on a ship bound for Mollendo, the southernmost port in Peru, reasoning that “if all roads lead to Rome, sooner or later they will surely lead me to Japan.” 4 She spent the last evening before her departure on the Ponte Monumentale, from where she had a fine view of Via XX Settembre. “From here one could peer into the gardens CELJE AND GENOA of old palazzi, the depths of dark courtyards and through November 1919–February 1920 curtainless windows into humbler abodes … and behind all this, like a deep blue endless shadow, spread the sea, inviting and promising. Clouds steeped in red raced past me like kites of many shapes … Below me, the roar of the life I had known. This was Europe. My intention was to I MUST. SOMETHING return after three years covered in wisdom and glory … ” 5 INSIDE ME IS URGING ME… In Genoa she bought a ticket to Mollendo, the southernmost port in Peru, and on 19 February 1920 embarked on the steamer Bologna. (Held by B. T.) Alma M. Karlin’s return to Celje, after a voyage that took an eccentric. Now they come to gawp at me as they do my her through the Suez Canal and on to Trieste, with brief collections, as though I were a wonder worth seeing. Only a stops in ports along the way, appears to have occurred on 28 few people also tried to find a heart in this wonder, which is December 1927. Whatever the exact date of her arrival in her why almost no one ever did.” 139 hometown, a profound disappointment awaited her at Celje railway station. Having announced her return home in the Whatever her reception at home, in other countries she was Cillier Zeitung, the local newspaper in which she had “pub- received with respect and admiration. The lectures by the lished around 200 articles” 136 during her journey. She hoped famous and very successful writer in European capitals – Vi- 62 that her fellow citizens would be present to welcome her with enna, Munich, Berlin, Hamburg, London, Paris and else- 63 cheers and applause – a scene she had frequently pictured in her where – were the subject of enormous interest.140 Her fame imagination – but this did not happen.
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