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Prispevki Za Novejšo Zgodovino LV - 2/2015 INŠTITUT ZA NOVEJŠO ZGODOVINO PRISPEVKI ZA NOVEJŠO ZGODOVINO Letnik LV Ljubljana 2015 Številka 2 Prispevki za novejšo zgodovino LV - 2/2015 Contributions to the Contemporary History Contributions a l'histoire contemporaine Beiträge zur Zeitgeschichte UDC 94(497.4)"18/19" UDK ISSN 0353-0329 Uredniški odbor/Editorial board: dr. Jure Gašparič (glavni urednik/editor-in-chief), dr. Zdenko Čepič, dr. Filip Čuček, dr. Damijan Guštin, dr. Ľuboš Kačírek, dr. Martin Moll, dr. Andrej Pančur, dr. Zdenko Radelić, dr. Andreas Schulz, dr. Mojca Šorn, dr. Marko Zajc Lektura/Reading: Bojana Samarin Prevodi/Translations: Borut Praper - angleščina Bibliografska obdelava/Bibliographic data processing: Igor Zemljič Izdajatelj/Published by: Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino/Institute of Contemporary History Kongresni trg 1, SI-1000 Ljubljana tel. (386) 01 200 31 20, fax (386) 01 200 31 60 e-mail: [email protected] Sofinancer/Financially supported by: Javna agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije/ Slovenian Research Agency Računalniški prelom/Typesetting: MEDIT d.o.o., Notranje Gorice Tisk/Printed by: Fotolito Dolenc d.o.o. Cena/Price: 15,00 EUR Zamenjave/Exchange: Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino/Institute of Contemporary History Kongresni trg 1, SI-1000 Ljubljana Prispevki za novejšo zgodovino so indeksirani v/are indexed in: Historical Abstract; ERIH - European Reference Index for the Humanities Za znanstveno korektnost člankov odgovarjajo avtorji/ The publisher assumes no responsibility for statements made by authors Številka vpisa v razvid medijev: 720 Prispevki za novejšo zgodovino LV - 2/2015 Kazalo RAZPRAVE – ARTICLES Mark Cornwall, The Spirit of 1914 in Austria-Hungary ........................................ 7 Duh leta 1914 v Avstro-Ogrski UDK: 94:172.15 (436-89)"1914" Rok Stergar, Hrana na bojiščih 1. svetovne vojne: izkušnje slovenskih vojakov ................................................................................. 22 Food on World War I Battlefields: Experiences of Slovene Soldiers UDK: 355.65(=163.6):94"1914/1918" Marta Verginella, Ženske v vojni in o véliki vojni ................................................ 54 Women in War and Their Outlook on the Great War UDK: 305-055.2:94(497.4)"1914/1918" Ana Cergol Paradiž, »Militarizacija materinstva« – ženski »naravni poklic« in vélika vojna ..................................................................................................... 71 »Militarisation of Motherhood«: the Female »Natural Calling« and the Great War UDK: 347.63:305-055.2(497.4)"1914/1918" Irena Selišnik, Skrb v službi vojne: bolniške strežnice na Kranjskem .................... 90 Health Care in the Service of War: War Nurses in Carniola UDK: 355.088:614.88-051(497.4)"1914/1918" Urška Strle, K razumevanju ženskega dela v veliki vojni ..................................... 103 Understanding Women’s Work During the Great War UDK: 331.101.232-055.2:94(4)"1914/1918" Kornelija Ajlec, Vojaške preskrbnine in pokojnine v prvi svetovni vojni: zakonodaja in izvedba ........................................................................................ 126 Military Allowances and Pensions in World War I: Legislation and Implementation UDK: 355.291.1(497.4)"1914/1918" Petra Svoljšak, Prva svetovna vojna in Slovenci: 1994–2014 .............................. 143 World War I and Slovenians UDK: 94(497.4)"1914/1918":930(=163.6) "1994/2014" Prispevki za novejšo zgodovino LV - 2/2015 ZAPISI – NOTES Dušan Nečak, Nekaj premislekov, dilem in popravkov o življenjepisu feldmaršala Boroevića: junak ali uživač? ............................................................. 173 A Few Considerations, Dilemmas and Rectifications About the Biography of Field Marshall Boroević UDK: 929.7Boroević S. : 355.48/.49(439.5)"1914/1918" Petra Testen, Tadej Koren, Učilnica na prostem – Primer Poti miru ................... 183 Openair Classroom: The Walk of Peace Example UDK: 37.091.33-027.22 : 94(497.4-16)"1914/1918" Gregor Antoličič, Nadvojvoda Evgen 1863–1954 .............................................. 199 Archduke Eugen 1863–1954 UDK: 929Evgen Avstrijski, nadvojvoda JUBILEJI - JUBILEES Damijan Guštin − šestdesetletnik (Zdenko Čepič) ............................................. 215 Jasna Fischer – sedemdesetletnica (Zdenko Čepič) ............................................ 219 France Kresal – osemdesetletnik (Žarko Lazarević) ............................................ 223 Miroslav Stiplovšek – osemdesetletnik (Jurij Perovšek) ...................................... 226 OCENE IN POROČILA – REVIEWS AND REPORTS Walter Lukan, Iz »črnožolte kletke narodov« v »zlato svobodo«? Habsburška monarhija in Slovenci v prvi svetovni vojni (Peter Vodopivec) .......................... 235 Brigitte Entner, Wer war Klara aus Šentlipš / St. Philippen? Kärntner Slowenen und Sloweninnen als Opfer der NS-Verfolgung. Ein Gedenkbuch (Avguštin Malle) .................................................................... 238 Prispevki za novejšo zgodovino LV - 2/2015 Uredniško obvestilo Prispevki za novejšo zgodovino je ena osrednjih slovenskih znanstvenih zgodovinopisnih revij, ki objavlja teme s področja novejše zgodovine (19. in 20. stoletje) srednje in jugo- vzhodne Evrope. Od leta 1960 revijo redno izdaja Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino (do leta 1986 je izhajala pod imenom Prispevki za zgodovino delavskega gibanja). Revija izide trikrat letno v slovenskem jeziku in v naslednjih tujih jezikih: angleščina, nemščina, srbščina, hrvaščina, bosanščina, italijanščina, slovaščina in češčina. Članki izha- jajo z izvlečki v angleščini in slovenščini ter povzetki v angleščini. Arhivski letniki so dostopni na Zgodovina Slovenije - SIstory. Informacije za avtorje in navodila so dostopni na http://ojs.inz.si/index.php/pnz/index. Editorial Notice Contributions to Contemporary History is one of the central Slovenian scientific histori- ographic journals, dedicated to publishing articles from the field of contemporary history (the 19th and 20th century). It has been published regularly since 1960 by the Institute of Contemporary History, and until 1986 it was entitled Contributions to the History of the Workers‘ Movement. The journal is published three times per year in Slovenian and in the following foreign languages: English, German, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Italian, Slovak and Czech. The articles are all published with abstracts in English and Slovenian as well as summaries in English. The archive of past volumes is available at the History of Slovenia - SIstory web portal. Further information and guidelines for the authors are available at http://ojs.inz.si/ index.php/pnz/index. Cena: 20 EUR Prispevki za novejšo zgodovino LV - 2/2015 7 1.01 UDK: 94:172.15 (436-89)"1914" Mark Cornwall* The Spirit of 1914 in Austria-Hungary IZVLEČEK DUH LETA 1914 V AVSTRO-OGRSKI Članek preučuje »duh leta 1914« v Habsburški monarhiji – mit, da je v prvem poletju velike vojne, ko so bili vojaki poslani v boj proti srbskim in ruskim sovražnikom, celoten imperij preve- valo navdušenje. Pojasniti skuša, koliko je bilo to razpoloženje spontano, koliko pa so ga z vrha usmerjale državne oblasti. Ugotavlja, da sta ob mobilizaciji oba navedena dejavnika vplivala drug na drugega. Prek izkušenj različnih udeležencev si prizadeva prikazati dejansko raznolikost čustev v prvih tednih bojev. Številni mladeniči so se priglasili v vojsko v pričakovanju pustolovščin, veliko monarhističnih patriotov ali nacionalistov je videlo vojno kot priložnost za »preporod« svo- jih ciljev, tisk pa je skoraj soglasno trdil, da javnost podpira vojno. Vendar se je za to fasado upanja skrivalo prav toliko prestrašenih ljudi, zlasti med starejšimi. Stroga cenzura poročanja, uvedena na začetku vojne, je prikrivala te negativne odzive, vendar jih lahko najdemo v dnevnikih in spomi- nih iz tega obdobja. Iz njih je tudi razvidno, da je bilo začetno navdušenje kratkotrajno. Številni vojaki so hitro izkusili vojne grozote, zlasti na vzhodu, in travmatična doživetja so jih popolnoma spremenila. Na domači fronti je šok sledil malo kasneje, ob prihodu seznamov žrtev in beguncev. Do oktobra leta 1914 so prvotna pričakovanja, izražena v začetnem »duhu«, že začela bledeti. Država se je morala soočiti z možnostjo totalne vojne, v kateri je bila njena sposobnost, da zaščiti prebivalstvo, na usodni preizkušnji. Ključne besede: Avstro-Ogrska, duh leta 1914, prva svetovna vojna, patriotizem ABSTRACT This article studies the »spirit of 1914« in the Habsburg monarchy, the myth that an enthusiastic mood prevailed across the empire during the first summer of the Great War when troops were sent off against the Serbian and Russian enemies. It seeks to explain how far this mood was spontaneous or directed from above by the state authorities, and finds that both interacted with each other as mobilization occurred. It also seeks through a range of voices to show the actual diversity of emotion in these early weeks of hostili- ties. Many young men enlisted in order to pursue an adventure, many imperial patriots or nationalists viewed the war as an opportunity for some »rebirth« for their cause; the press was largely unanimous in suggesting popular support for the war. However, un- * Professor of Modern European History, Faculty of Humanities, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, [email protected] 8 Mark Cornwall: The Spirit of 1914 in Austria-Hungary derneath this façade many individuals were as much fearful as hopeful, particularly the older generation. The strict censorship of news from the start of the war obscured these negative
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