Origin, Adaptive Radiation and Diversification of The
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Table of Contents Maui County’s Landscape and Gardening Handbook Xeriscaping in Maui County ................................................................. 1 Planning and Design................................................................................................................. 1 Hydro-zones.............................................................................................................................. 1 Plant Selection and the Maui jkCounty Planting Zones............................................................ 2 Soil Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 4 Mulching.................................................................................................................................... 5 Irrigation .................................................................................................................................... 5 Maintenance ............................................................................................................................. 7 Other Interesting Techniques for the Ambitious ..................................... 8 Xeriscape Ponds....................................................................................................................... 8 Aquaponics in the Backyard ..................................................................................................... 9 Water Polymer Crystals ........................................................................................................... -
Federal Register/Vol. 64, No. 171/Friday, September 3, 1999/Rules and Regulations
Federal Register / Vol. 64, No. 171 / Friday, September 3, 1999 / Rules and Regulations 48307 is consistent with statutory Dated: August 18, 1999. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: requirements. Section 203 requires EPA Felicia Marcus, Robert Hayne, Mass Media Bureau (202) to establish a plan for informing and Regional Administrator, Region IX. 418±2177. advising any small governments that Part 52, chapter I, title 40 of the Code SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This is a may be significantly or uniquely of Federal Regulations is amended as synopsis of the Memorandum Opinion impacted by the rule. follows: and Order in MM Docket No. 91±259, EPA has determined that the approval adopted June 17, 1999, and released action promulgated does not include a PART 52Ð[AMENDED] June 21, 1999. The full text of this Federal mandate that may result in decision is available for inspection and estimated annual costs of $100 million 1. The authority citation for part 52 copying during normal business hours or more to either State, local, or tribal continues to read as follows: in the FCC's Reference Information governments in the aggregate, or to the Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq. Center at Portals II, CY±A257, 445 12th private sector. This Federal action 2. Section 52.220 is amended by Street, SW, Washington, D.C. The approves pre-existing requirements adding paragraph (c)(247) to read as complete text of this decision may also under State or local law, and imposes follows: be purchased from the Commission's no new requirements. Accordingly, no copy contractor, International additional costs to State, local, or tribal § 52.220 Identification of plan. -
Cyanea Stictophylla
Plants Haha Cyanea stictophylla SPECIES STATUS: N. Tangalin, NTBG Federally Listed as Endangered Genetic Safety Net Species IUCN Red List Ranking – Critically Endangered (CR C2a) Hawai‘i Natural Heritage Ranking ‐ Critically Imperiled (G1) Endemism ‐ Island of Hawai‘i Critical Habitat ‐ Designated SPECIES INFORMATION: Cyanea stictophylla, a member of the bellflower family (Campanulaceae) is a shrub or tree 2 to 20 ft (0.6 to 8 m) tall, sometimes covered with small, sharp projections. The alternate, stalked, oblong, shallowly lobed, toothed leaves are 7.8 to 15 in (20 to 38 cm) long and 1.6 to 3.1 in (4 to 8cm) wide. Clusters of five or six flowers have main flowering stalks 0.4 to 1.6 in (1 to 4 cm) long; each flower has a stalk 0.3 to 0.9 in (0.7 to 2.2 cm) long. The hypanthium is topped with five calyx lobes 0.1 to 0.2 in (2 to 4 mm) long and 0.04 to 0.1 in (1 to 2 mm) wide. The yellowish‐white or purple petals, 1.4 to 2 in (3.5 to 5 cm) long, are fused into an arched, five‐lobed tube about 0.2 in (5 to 6 mm) wide. The spherical berries are orange. This species differs from others in the genus by its lobed, toothed leaves and its larger flowers with small calyx lobes and deeply lobed corollas. DISTRIBUTION: Historically, Cyanea stictophylla was known only from the island of Hawai‘i on the western, southern, southeastern, and eastern slopes of Mauna Loa. -
Conservation Triage Or Injurious Neglect in Endangered Species Recovery
Conservation triage or injurious neglect in endangered species recovery Leah R. Gerbera,1 aCenter for Biodiversity Outcomes and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 Edited by James A. Estes, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, and approved February 11, 2016 (received for review December 23, 2015) Listing endangered and threatened species under the US Endan- the ESA is presumed to offer a defense against extinction and a gered Species Act is presumed to offer a defense against extinction solution to achieve the recovery of imperiled populations (1), but and a solution to achieve recovery of imperiled populations, but only if effective conservation action ensues after listing occurs. only if effective conservation action ensues after listing occurs. The The amount of government funding available for species amount of government funding available for species protection protection and recovery is one of the best predictors of successful and recovery is one of the best predictors of successful recovery; recovery (2–7); however, government spending is both in- however, government spending is both insufficient and highly sufficient and highly disproportionate among groups of species disproportionate among groups of species, and there is significant (8). Most species recovery plans include cost estimates—a pro- discrepancy between proposed and actualized budgets across spe- posed budget for meeting recovery goals. Previous work has cies. In light of an increasing list of imperiled species requiring demonstrated a significant discrepancy between proposed and evaluation and protection, an explicit approach to allocating recovery actualized budgets across species (9). Furthermore, the literature fundsisurgentlyneeded. Here I provide a formal decision-theoretic on formal decision theory and endangered species conservation approach focusing on return on investment as an objective and a suggests that the most efficient allocation of resources to con- transparent mechanism to achieve the desired recovery goals. -
Today, My Favorite Azalea Companion Plant of an Herbaceous Perennial Type Is
Today, My Favorite Azalea Companion Plant of an Herbaceous Perennial Type Is.... By William C. Miller III—Bethesda, Maryland This is the third in a series of “favorite” articles. The natural distribution, however, extends into The azaleas ‘Ambrosia’ and ‘Opal’ were previ- Canada and Mexico and private gardens across the ously identified as my favorite Glenn Dale and US where it is a very popular element in water and Linwood Hardy Hybrids respectively.1 It occurred rain gardens and might not be represented on the to me that it would be useful to expand my focus government map. It was introduced into Europe in to the rest of the plant kingdom, since very few the mid-1620s and has become naturalized. Since people have gardens that are limited to azaleas. it isn’t overly competitive, it is technically consid- Companion plants, often overlooked in the ered non-native rather than “invasive.” homeowner garden planning process, comprise a surprisingly significant feature in every garden. Lobelia, the Genus There is the canopy and the understory trees, above the azaleas, represented by the taller trees The genus was named after Matthias de l’Obel, (e.g., oak, beech, pine, maple) and the smaller a Flemish physician and botanist (1538-1616) by Charles Plumier, a French priest, botanist, and trees (e.g., dogwood, maple, redbud, and stewar- 2,3 tia). There are plants that share the profile level New World plant explorer (1646-1704). They with the azaleas (e.g., holly, viburnum, hydrangea, both were significant influences on Linnaeus who and other rhododendrons). Finally, there are the is often called the father of taxonomy. -
Notes on Hawaiian Lobelioideae, with Descriptions of New Species and Varieties
v [From BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB. 44: 229-239.Pls. <rIb. 19 May 191 7.] Notes on Hawaiian Lobelioideae, with descriptions of new species and varieties JOSEPH F. ROCK (WITH PLATES 9-16) The writer has prepared a monograph on the Hawaiian lobelioi deous genera Cyanea, Rollandia, Clermontia, Delissea, Tremato lobelia and Brighamia, and on the endemic species of the genus Lo belia. But owing to the length of time necessary for the publica tion of the rather voluminous manuscript of the whole monograph, he thought itwise to publish the new species first in botanical peri odicals or bulletins. The majority of the new species of Cyanea and Clermontia have appeared in the writer's book on the In digenous Trees of the Hawaiian Islands (1913), in Bo.tanical Bul letin No.2, of the College of Hawaii Publications and in the Bul letin of the Torrey Botanical Club. With two exceptions the species and varieties described in the present paper belong to the genus Cyanea, which has by far the largest number of species of the lobelioideous genera represented in the Islands. Clermontia comes next, with RolZandia and Delissea following. I L I Cyanea noli-me-tangere sp. nov. II Plant subherbaceous, 3-20 dm. high, terrestrial, branching only when broken, spinescent throughout, with the exception of the fruit and corolla; stem green, somewhat fleshy, entirely i~ covered with strong, pale yellow, hollow spines; leaves bright ~ .green, ovate-oblong, somewhat acute at the apex, rounded at the I base, thin in texture, irregularly and sinuately notched, with Ii minute, mucronulate teeth along the margin, covered with yellow spines at more or less regular intervals of 7-10 mm. -
Recovery Plan for Tyoj5llllt . I-Bland Plants
Recovery Plan for tYOJ5llllt. i-bland Plants RECOVERY PLAN FOR MULTI-ISLAND PLANTS Published by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Portland, Oregon Approved: Date: / / As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has responsibility for most ofour nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use ofour land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values ofour national parks and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is in the best interests ofall our people. The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in island Territories under U.S. administration. DISCLAIMER PAGE Recovery plans delineate reasonable actions that are believed to be required to recover and/or protect listed species. Plans are published by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, sometimes prepared with the assistance ofrecovery teams, contractors, State agencies, and others. Objectives will be attained and any necessary funds made available subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, as well as the need to address other priorities. Costs indicated for task implementation and/or time for achievement ofrecovery are only estimates and are subject to change. Recovery plans do not necessarily represent the views nor the official positions or approval ofany individuals or agencies involved in the plan formulation, otherthan the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. They represent the official position ofthe U.S. -
Orchids: 2017 Global Ex Situ Collections Assessment
Orchids: 2017 Global Ex situ Collections Assessment Botanic gardens collectively maintain one-third of Earth's plant diversity. Through their conservation, education, horticulture, and research activities, botanic gardens inspire millions of people each year about the importance of plants. Ophrys apifera (Bernard DuPon) Angraecum conchoglossum With one in five species facing extinction due to threats such (Scott Zona) as habitat loss, climate change, and invasive species, botanic garden ex situ collections serve a central purpose in preventing the loss of species and essential genetic diversity. To support the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation, botanic gardens create integrated conservation programs that utilize diverse partners and innovative techniques. As genetically diverse collections are developed, our collective global safety net against plant extinction is strengthened. Country-level distribution of orchids around the world (map data courtesy of Michael Harrington via ArcGIS) Left to right: Renanthera monachica (Dalton Holland Baptista ), Platanthera ciliaris (Wikimedia Commons Jhapeman) , Anacamptis boryi (Hans Stieglitz) and Paphiopedilum exul (Wikimedia Commons Orchi ). Orchids The diversity, stunning flowers, seductiveness, size, and ability to hybridize are all traits which make orchids extremely valuable Orchids (Orchidaceae) make up one of the largest plant families to collectors, florists, and horticulturists around the world. on Earth, comprising over 25,000 species and around 8% of all Over-collection of wild plants is a major cause of species flowering plants (Koopowitz, 2001). Orchids naturally occur on decline in the wild. Orchids are also very sensitive to nearly all continents and ecosystems on Earth, with high environmental changes, and increasing habitat loss and diversity found in tropical and subtropical regions. -
Diversity of Wisconsin Asterids
Diversity of Wisconsin Asterids . bellflowers and asters . **Campanulaceae - bellflower family A family mostly of herbs, but some secondarily woody, widely distributed in the temperate regions and in the montane tropics. Contains 65 genera and over 2200 species, with half belonging to Campanula and Lobelia. • Family has alternate leaves and milky latex. • Flowers are 5 merous and inferior ovaried. **Campanulaceae - bellflower family The family is divided into two distinct subfamilies - Campanuloideae and Lobelioideae - distinguished by floral symmetry, staminal fusion, and carpel number. They were often considered as separate families. Campanulastrum - bellflower Lobelia - lobelia Subfamily Campanuloideae Subfamily Lobelioideae **Campanulaceae - bellflower family Subfamily Campanuloideae __ CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G (3-5) Campanula and relatives have actinomorphic flowers, stamens not fused, and 3-5 fused carpels. Note the 3 styles of Campanula to the left. **Campanulaceae - bellflower family Triodanis perfoliata - Venus looking glass Secondary pollen presentation **Campanulaceae - bellflower family Campanulastrum americana - tall bellflower **Campanulaceae - bellflower family Campanula rotundifolia Campanula rapunculoides Bluebell - circumboreal European bellflower **Campanulaceae - bellflower family Subfamily Lobelioideae Lobelia and relatives have __ zygomorphic flowers, stamens fused CA (5) CO (5) A (5) G (2) into a tube in which the pollen is shed, and 2 fused carpels. Style pushes pollen out through the tube. Style Staminal tube **Campanulaceae -
A Landscape-Based Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability for All Native Hawaiian Plants
Technical Report HCSU-044 A LANDscape-bASED ASSESSMENT OF CLIMatE CHANGE VULNEraBILITY FOR ALL NatIVE HAWAIIAN PLANts Lucas Fortini1,2, Jonathan Price3, James Jacobi2, Adam Vorsino4, Jeff Burgett1,4, Kevin Brinck5, Fred Amidon4, Steve Miller4, Sam `Ohukani`ohi`a Gon III6, Gregory Koob7, and Eben Paxton2 1 Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative, Honolulu, HI 96813 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaii National Park, HI 96718 3 Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 4 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service —Ecological Services, Division of Climate Change and Strategic Habitat Management, Honolulu, HI 96850 5 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawai‘i National Park, HI 96718 6 The Nature Conservancy, Hawai‘i Chapter, Honolulu, HI 96817 7 USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Hawaii/Pacific Islands Area State Office, Honolulu, HI 96850 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai‘i at Hilo 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 (808) 933-0706 November 2013 This product was prepared under Cooperative Agreement CAG09AC00070 for the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center of the U.S. Geological Survey. Technical Report HCSU-044 A LANDSCAPE-BASED ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY FOR ALL NATIVE HAWAIIAN PLANTS LUCAS FORTINI1,2, JONATHAN PRICE3, JAMES JACOBI2, ADAM VORSINO4, JEFF BURGETT1,4, KEVIN BRINCK5, FRED AMIDON4, STEVE MILLER4, SAM ʽOHUKANIʽOHIʽA GON III 6, GREGORY KOOB7, AND EBEN PAXTON2 1 Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative, Honolulu, HI 96813 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaiʽi National Park, HI 96718 3 Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Hawaiʽi at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 4 U. -
Characterization of Microsatellite Loci in Brighamia Insignis and Transferability to Other Genera in the Hawai‘Ian Lobelioid Group
PRIMER NOTE Characterization of microsatellite loci in Brighamia insignis and transferability to other genera in the Hawai‘ian lobelioid group Jeremie B. Fant1,2,4 , Mereida Fluckes1,3, Evana James1,3, Hilary Noble1, and Jordan Wood1,2 Manuscript received 20 August 2019; revision accepted PREMISE: Microsatellite markers were developed to measure genetic diversity and relatedness 22 September 2019. of ex situ collections of Brighamia insignis (Campanulaceae). 1 Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, Illinois 60022, USA METHODS AND RESULTS: Potential microsatellite markers were identified from two sources; 28 2 Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, O. T. were developed for B. insignis and an additional 12 markers from a previously published study Hogan Hall, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA of Lobelia villosa. Primer pairs were tested on 30 individuals of B. insignis and 24 individuals of 3 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois B. rockii to provide measures of genetic diversity and inbreeding. We assessed cross-species 61820, USA amplification in an additional 13 taxa that represented all six genera within the Hawai‘ian 4 Author for correspondence: [email protected] lobelioid group to determine the broader applicability of the markers. Citation: Fant, J. B., M. Fluckes, E. James, H. Noble, and J. Wood. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that these primers will provide useful estimates of genetic 2019. Characterization of microsatellite loci in Brighamia insignis and transferability to other genera in the Hawai‘ian lobelioid diversity and relatedness of ex situ collections of both Brighamia species. In addition, we group. Applications in Plant Sciences 7(11): e11303. -
List 01 Hawaiian Names 01 Plants
V\.{). 3 v BOTANICAL BULLETIN NO.2 JUNE. 1913 TERRITORY OF HAWAII BOARD OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY List 01 Hawaiian Names 01 Plants BY JOSEPH F. ROCK Consulting Botanist, Board of Agriculture and Forestry HONOLULU: HAWAIIAN GAZETTE CO., LTD. 1913 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF HAWAIIAN NAMES OF PLANTS. The following list of Hawaiian plant-names has been compiled from various sources. Hillebrand in his valuable Flora of the Hawaiian Islands has given many Hawaiian names, especially of the more common species; these are incorporated in this list with a few corrections. Nearly all Hawaiian plant-names found in this list and not in Hillebrand's Flora were secured from Mr. Francis Gay of the Island of Kauai, an old resident in this Terri tory and well acquainted with its plants from a layman's stand point. It was the writer's privilege to camp with Mr. Gay in the mountains of Kauai collecting botanical material; for almost every species he could give the native name, which he had se cured in the early days from old and reliable natives. Mr. Gay had made spatter prints of many of the native plants in a large record book with their names and uses, as well as their symbolic meaning when occurring in mele (songs) or olioli (chants), at tached to them. For all this information the writer is indebted mainly to Mr. Francis Gay and also to Mr. Augustus F. Knudsen of the same Island. The writer also secured Hawaiian names from old na tives and Kahunas (priests) in the various islands of the group.