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The Weddell Sea: an Historical Retrospect Dr
This article was downloaded by: [University of New England] On: 22 January 2015, At: 04:23 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Scottish Geographical Magazine Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rsgj19 The Weddell Sea: An historical retrospect Dr. Wm.S. Bruce Published online: 30 Jan 2008. To cite this article: Dr. Wm.S. Bruce (1917) The Weddell Sea: An historical retrospect, Scottish Geographical Magazine, 33:6, 241-258, DOI: 10.1080/14702541708554307 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14702541708554307 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. -
Southward an Analysis of the Literary Productions of the Discovery and Nimrod Expeditions to Antarctica
Corso di Laurea magistrale (ordinamento ex D.M. 270/2004) In LLEAP – Lingue e Letterature Europee, Americane e Postcoloniali Tesi di Laurea Southward An analysis of the literary productions of the Discovery and Nimrod Expeditions to Antarctica. Relatore Ch. Prof. Emma Sdegno Laureando Monica Stragliotto Matricola 820667 Anno Accademico 2012 / 2013 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 Chapter I The History of Explorations in Antarctica 8 Chapter II Outstanding Men, Outstanding Deeds 31 Chapter III Antarctic Journals: the Models 46 Chapter IV Antarctic Journals: Scott’s Odyssey and Shackleton’s Personal Attempt 70 Chapter V The South Polar Times and Aurora Australis: Antarctic Literary Productions 107 CONCLUSION 129 BIBLIOGRAPHY 134 2 INTRODUCTION When we think about Antarctica, we cannot help thinking of names such as Roald Admunsen, Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton. These names represented the greatest demonstration of human endurance and courage in exploration and they still preserve these features today. The South Pole represented an unspoilt, unknown, unexplored area for a long time, and all the Nations competed fiercely to be the first to reach the geographical South Pole. England, which displays a great history of exploration, contributed massively to the rush to the Antarctic especially in the first decade of the 20th century. The long years spent in the Antarctic by the British explorers left a priceless inheritance. First of all, the scientific fields such as meteorology, geology and zoology were tellingly improved. The study of the ice sheet allowed the scientists of the time to partly explain the phenomenon of glaciations. In addition, magnetism was still a new field to be explored and the study of phenomena such as the aurora australis and the magnetic pole as a moving spot1 were great discoveries that still influence our present knowledge. -
Ecography E7330 Trathan, P
Ecography E7330 Trathan, P. N., Ratcliffe, N. and Masden, E. A. 2012. Ecological drivers of change at South Georgia: the krill surplus, or climate variability. – Ecography 35: xxx– xxx. Supplementary material APPENDIX 1 AERIAL SURVEY METHODS The Royal Navy Lynx helicopter we used carried an external camera pod housing a Zeiss RMK aerial survey camera fitted with a 152-mm lens. Consecutive photographic images (240-mm frame size) overlapping by 60% were captured with either Kodak Aerochrome 2448 colour reversal film or Agfa Aviphot Pan 200 negative film. Our nominal survey height was 500 m, resulting in a photo-scale of approximately 1:3,300; a small number of flights were flown at 600 m, giving a photo-scale of approximately 1:4,010. All flights were undertaken during daylight hours when shadows were relatively short (10:30 am to 15:30 pm local time; GMT–3 hours). The survey flights were carried out during the females’ long incubation shift while male birds were away from the colony foraging at sea. At this time there was minimum penguin traffic into and out of the colony as males were away for 10–20 days (Trathan 2004). In addition, penguin traffic associated with failed breeders was much reduced as many unpaired birds had returned to sea (Williams and Croxall 1991). Thus, on the dates flown, we assumed that each bird in the colony represented a single nesting site, and each nest site represented a breeding attempt. We assumed that a count of these breeding attempts represented the breeding population size. To minimize potential disturbance to penguins during helicopter over-flights, we positioned ground observers to monitor penguin activity within selected colonies (n=6). -
Information for Visitors to South Georgia 2016/17
INFORMATION FOR VISITORS TO SOUTH GEORGIA 2016/17 (To be read in conjunction with the GSGSSI Biosecurity Handbook 2016) © Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands 2016 1 GSGSSI June 2016 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Applications and preparations for visits 3. Arrival arrangements 4. Shore and Harbour Facilities 5. Management and Safety of visitors 6. Code of Conduct ashore 7. Wildlife Protection Guidelines 8. Departing South Georgia Annexes 1. Tourism Management Policy (2016) 2. List of approved visitor sites 3. Visitor Biosecurity Declaration 4. Visit permit holder landing declaration 5. Private vessel observer coverage 6. Fees and Charges 7. Prohibited Areas Maps 8. Charts and Maps 2 GSGSSI June 2016 SOUTH GEORGIA INFORMATION FOR VISITORS 2016 1. Introduction & background information South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) is a United Kingdom Overseas Territory. It is administered by the Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands (GSGSSI) based in Government House in Stanley in the Falkland Islands. The Commissioner for the Territory, who is also the Governor of the Falkland Islands, is appointed by Her Majesty The Queen and has ultimate responsibility for any activities in the Territory. GSGSSI staff include 6 staff in Government House, plus three Government Officers based at King Edward Point (KEP) on South Georgia, who are responsible for the local administration on the island. This document is intended to provide a general overview of the South Georgia visit application procedures and provide information on relevant Government visitor policies. This document must be read in conjunction with the separate GSGSSI Biosecurity Handbook (2016). Following the recent habitat restoration projects targeting rats, mice and reindeer, as well as ongoing work to control invasive plants and recent outbreaks of avian disease, it is essential that all visitors rigorously implement all biosecurity measures. -
Information for Visitors to South Georgia 2017-18
INFORMATION FOR VISITORS TO SOUTH GEORGIA 2017/18 (To be read in conjunction with the GSGSSI Biosecurity Handbook 2017/18) © Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands 2017 1 GSGSSI June 2017 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Applications and preparations for visits 3. Arrival arrangements 4. Shore and harBour facilities 5. Management and safety of visitors 6. Code of conduct ashore 7. Wildlife protection guidelines 8. Departing South Georgia Annexes 1. Tourism Management Policy (2017) 2. List of approved visitor sites 3. Visitor Biosecurity declaration 4. Visit permit holder landing declaration 5. Private vessel oBserver coverage 6. Fees and Charges 7. ProhiBited Areas Maps 8. Charts and Maps 9. IAATO guidelines on understanding fur seal Behaviour and advice for interactions 2 GSGSSI June 2017 INFORMATION FOR VISITORS TO SOUTH GEORGIA 2017/18 1. Introduction & background information South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) is a United Kingdom Overseas Territory. It is administered By the Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands (GSGSSI) Based in Government House in Stanley in the Falkland Islands. The Commissioner for the Territory, who is also the Governor of the Falkland Islands, is appointed By Her Majesty The Queen and has ultimate responsiBility for any activities in the Territory. GSGSSI staff include 5 staff in Government House, plus three Government Officers Based at King Edward Point (KEP) on South Georgia, who are responsiBle for the local administration on the island. This document is intended to provide a general overview of the South Georgia visit application procedures and provide information on relevant Government visitor policies. This document must Be read in conjunction with the separate GSGSSI Biosecurity HandBook 2017/18. -
The Life of Sir Ernest Shackleton CVO
CO of % The Estate of the late John Brand le 7/ THE LIFE OF Sir ERNEST SHACKLETON BOOKS BY SIR ERNEST SHACKLETON THE HEART OF THE ANTARCTIC. Being the Story of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1907-1909. SOUTH. The Story of Shackleton's Last Expedition, 1914-1917. LONDON : WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD. \ Phoio.\ \Speaight Ltd. Sir Ernest Shackleton, aged 40, with his Younger Son, aged 3. Frontispiece. ^ THE LIFE OF BiR ERNEST SHACKLETON C.V.O., O.B.E.(M/.), LL.D. BY HUGH ROBERT MILL Do your best, whether winning or losing it, If you choose to play ! —is my principle. Let a man contend to the uttermost For his life's set prize, be it what it will ! Robert Browning LONDON : WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD. MCMXXIII f ^ . 1964 275^ ) ^5Mr 944918 MAPE ANU PRINTED IN UREAT BRITAIN TO THOSE WHO KNEW HIM BEST BECAUSE THEY LOVED HIM MOST PREFACE a life of a man of action may fitly be presented as THEcontinuous narrative of his doings, from which a reader may gain a clear sense of the personality and trace the growth of character. Shackleton's life as it ran on seems in retrospect to have passed through three periods now presented in three books : of the the first, Equipment for the Achievement the second ; third. Bafflement, which an unconquerable optimism saved from defeat. Each of the three periods includes a series of distinct but consequent experiences forming natural chapters. Such an arrangement leaves little room for generahties, and requires an Epilogue in which the essence of the life may be sublimed from the facts. -
Environmental Management Plan for South Georgia
ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTPLAN FORSOUTHGEORGIA Publicconsultationpaper IssuedbyBritishAntarcticSurveyattherequestoftheGovernmentof SouthGeorgiaandtheSouthSandwichIslands February1999 Thisconsultationdocumentsetsoutproposedpoliciesunderconsiderationby theGovernmentofSouthGeorgiaandtheSouthSandwichIslandsforthe futuremanagementofSouthGeorgia.Itisissuedtosolicitcommentand suggestionsfromthepublicabouttheproposedpolicies. TheGovernmentwillconsiderallresponsesbeforefinalisingthepoliciesand makinganynecessarylegislationforthefuturemanagementoftheisland.The GovernmentexpectstopublishthepoliciesinanEnvironmentalManagement Planlaterthisyear. Viewsmaybesubmittedbyindividualsandorganisationsonalloranypartof thisdocument.Wewouldparticularlywelcomeresponsestothequestions posedinSection3. Allcommentsandsuggestionsmustbereceivedby6April1999. PLEASESENDALLCORRESPONDENCEBYLETTER,FAXOR EMAILTO: Dr.E.McIntosh BritishAntarcticSurvey HighCross MadingleyRoad CambridgeCB30ET UnitedKingdom Telephone: +44(0)1223221640 Fax: +44(0)1223362616 Email: [email protected] ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTPLANFORSOUTHGEORGIA Tableofcontents 1. Introduction Page 1.1 Locationandgeneraldescription........................................................ 1 1.2 Discoveryandhistory......................................................................... 1 1.3 Currentlegalstatus............................................................................. 5 1.4 Existingandproposedlegislation....................................................... 6 2. Resourceinventory 2.1 Climate............................................................................................... -
Ocean Endeavour Antarctica
ANTARCTICA TRAVELLERS GUIDE Congratulations on booking your trip to In this Antarctica Travellers Guide you will find a Antarcticacomplete picture of how to get prepared for what can only be described as, the adventure of a lifetime. Antarctica is one of the last truly untouched destinations left on the planet. The wildlife, scenery and landscape are often referred to as ‘other worldly’ as there is, quite literally, nowhere like it! Antarctica is many things, an unforgiving white wilderness, a pristine snow-capped dream, a thriving, bountiful wildlife haven, and spectacularly grand beyond any human measure. Mostly though, Antarctica is a place that captures everyone differently, it’s a place that offers the most overwhelming type of experience, one that speaks directly to your soul. You will see vast penguin rookeries and seal colonies on land, whales and seals patrolling the waters, wandering albatrosses and a myriad of birdlife soaring above - the wildlife is utterly mesmerising. Experiencing the immense imposing icebergs, towering rock faces, glaciers, snow-capped peaks and vast ice shelves that appear seemingly endless is awe-inspiring. Antarctica is the land of extremes - it is the coldest, driest and most isolated continent in the world - rugged and unforgiving yet stunningly beautiful. Your Antarctic expedition will leave you with memories that will stay with you forever. Please read carefully through this Antarctic Traveller Guide as it contains important information and many helpful hints that will help you to prepare for your upcoming expedition. It will also give you a better understanding of what to expect whilst travelling to the southernmost continent in the world, Antarctica. -
Travellers Guide Antarctica
Antarctica Travellers Guide Antarctic Peninsula, Weddell Sea, Falkland Islands, South Georgia & Antarctic Circle The Latin America and Polar Travel Specialists WELCOME TO ANTARCTICA YOUR TRAVEL DOCUMENTATION At last your Antarctica trip is about to begin. If you are reading this Travellers Guide it Being environmentally accountable is a crucial part of our organisation. We are means that you are about to set off on the adventure of a lifetime. currently striving towards using less paper, taking several initiatives to do so and tracking our progress along the way. Antarctica is one of the last untouched destinations on the planet where you can see wildlife and scenery unlike anywhere else in the world. It is a vast white wilderness Our goal - a paperless organisation. of stunning beauty offering not only breath-taking scenery but also allowing the When taking into consideration gas emissions from paper production, transportation, opportunity to encounter spectacular wildlife, often close, that many people never use and disposal, 98 tonnes of other resources are going in to making paper. Paper see in their lifetimes. Vast penguin rookeries and seal colonies, leopard seals and and pulp production has been noted as the 4th largest industry contributor of orcas patrolling the waters, wandering albatrosses soaring above - the wildlife is greenhouse gas emission in the world today and around 30 million acres of forest is mesmerising. Immense imposing icebergs, towering rock faces, glaciers, snow- destroyed each year. As a way of giving back to the earth that makes who we are and capped peaks and vast ice shelves that stretch into the distance - the frozen what we do possible, we are highly dedicated to playing our part in minimising our landscape is awe-inspiring. -
Antarctica and Some of Its Problems Author(S): T
Antarctica and Some of Its Problems Author(s): T. W. Edgeworth David Source: The Geographical Journal, Vol. 43, No. 6 (Jun., 1914), pp. 605-627 Published by: geographicalj Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1779145 Accessed: 03-06-2016 21:59 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), Wiley are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Geographical Journal This content downloaded from 132.77.150.148 on Fri, 03 Jun 2016 21:59:03 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms The Geographical Journal. No. 6. JUN1, 1914. Vol. XLIII. ANTARCTICA AND SOME OF ITS PROBLEMS.* By Prof. T. W. EDGEWORTH DAVID, O.M.G., F.R.S. I. Physiogbaphy. Area and Relief?The area of Antarctica has been estimated by Dr. W. S. Bruce at over five million square miles. Its mean altitude is perhaps the greatest of any of the continents. This has been roughly calculated at about 6000 feet, including in this altitude its icy eovering. If this were removed, the mean altitude would be much reduced, by perhaps from 1000 to 2000 feet. -
Endurance: Shackletons Legendary Journey Pdf, Epub, Ebook
ENDURANCE: SHACKLETONS LEGENDARY JOURNEY PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Caroline Alexander | 211 pages | 03 Nov 1998 | Alfred A. Knopf | 9780375404030 | English | New York, United States Ernest Shackleton's Antarctic Tale Of Endurance And Survival One of his men, Thomas McLeod, a devout Catholic, scooped up the scripture and kept it in secret, thinking it bad luck to do otherwise. The previous September, the ship had turned around for Mrs. Chippy after the cat had leapt overboard. But new circumstances brought new priorities; Shackleton had three of the youngest pups shot along with the cat. Pistol at the ready, Shackleton threatened to shoot McNish. I shall never forget him in this time of strain and stress. The men escaped the Endurance with all the food they could tow — it would only be enough to last them four weeks. With their food supply depleted, they began hunting penguins and seals. To celebrate leap day, the men had three full meals. Supper: a stew made from seal meat to which was added six 1lb tins of Irish stew and one of jugged hare, which we had been keeping for weeks especially for this occasion. By the end of March, more than a year after becoming trapped on the ice, the men had been forced to eat all of their sled dogs. To make matters worse, the ice below their camp had thinned; it would crack at any moment. On April 9, , the crew, still 28 men including Shackleton, climbed into three lifeboats they had saved from the Endurance. They left the ice, sailing toward a tiny, barren piece of land called Elephant Island. -
World Wide GK Compendium (BLUE BOOK Mcqs)
World Wide GK Compendium (BLUE BOOK MCQs) OBJECTIVE MCQ Free ! Free ! Free ! GK Biggest Bengal Education Solve Join Our Telegram Click Here Join Our Facebook Click Here Daily Bengali Current Click Affairs, Mock Test, GK Here Free PDF, Syllabus, Previous Click Year Question, Latest Job News Here www.gksolve.com www.gksolve.com Chapter 1 Objective GK 1. Who won the World Snooker Champi- C. allowing interest on deposits or current onship in 2017? accounts A. Ding Junhui D. All of these B. Mark Selby 3. Between 1250 CE and 1500 CE a series of massive human-shaped carved monoliths C. Anthony McGill were created and set up on what island? D. John Higgins A. Rapa Nui (Easter Island) 2. Under Section 19 of the Reserve Bank of In- B. Vanuatu dia Act, 1934, the RBI has been prohibited C. Papua New Guinea from D. The Azores A. making loans or advances 4. Flipkart-owned payments platform B. drawing or accepting bills payable oth- PhonePe announced a strategic tie-up with erwise than on demand which leading Wallet player to enable over 2 45 million users to link their existing Wal- 3. Apart from marking 20 years since it was lets to the PhonePe app? first opened what did the year 1909 signal for the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France? A. Ezetap A. Reversion of the site to the City, and ex- B. FreeCharge piry of the Tower’s permit C. Citrus Pay B. Completion of its final 24 metre tip D. Citi MasterPass C. Installation of a 10-person lift 5.