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Underground Railroad Free Press, January 2012
® Underground Railroad Free Press Independent reporting on today’s Underground Railroad January, 2012 urrfreepress.com Volume 7, Issue 34 McGill Slave Cabin Overnight Stays Propel Restoration As one travels through the countryside of the difference vividly are the stark dissimilarities urrFreePress.com South, the dwindling number of plantations between a plantation's "big house" and its remaining from a time gone by now more slave cabins if the latter still exist at all. strongly beckon tourists, writers, archeolo- gists and the curious for the hidden stories Editorial they tell. Generations of African-Americans International Underground found these places unpleasant and seldom Railroad a Modern Necessity visited but now that is changing with a rising The Underground Railroad and age group far enough removed from slavery, Civil War ended most but not all Jim Crow and segregation to be increasingly slavery in the United States. An inquisitive about the actual locales where estimated 27 million people live American slavery was concentrated. in slavery today, 40,000 of them As old plantations become more open to the in the United States, mainly in public, visitors see first hand the contrast be- agriculture , sweatshops and pro- tween enslaver and enslaved. Portraying the Please see McGill, page 3, column 1 stitution. This modern horror has prison New Underground Railroad Museum Draws Thousands slaves in China producing goods By Peter Slocum, North Country Underground which feature stories of runaways who es- at zero labor cost for world mar- Railroad Historical Association caped to Canada on the Champlain Line of kets, Saharan children "bonded" the Underground Railroad. -
Rhetoric and Resistance in Black Women's Autobiography
Rhetoric and Resistance in Black Women’s Autobiography Copyright 2003 by Johnnie M. Stover. This work is licensed under a modified Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No De- rivative Works 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. You are free to electronically copy, distribute, and transmit this work if you attribute authorship. However, all printing rights are reserved by the University Press of Florida (http://www.upf.com). Please con- tact UPF for information about how to obtain copies of the work for print distribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permis- sion from the University Press of Florida. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. Florida A&M University, Tallahassee Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton Florida Gulf Coast University, Ft. Myers Florida International University, Miami Florida State University, Tallahassee New College of Florida University of Central Florida, Orlando University of Florida, Gainesville University of North Florida, Jacksonville University of South Florida, Tampa University of West Florida, Pensacola Rhetoric and Resistance in Black Women’s Autobiography ° Johnnie M. Stover University Press of Florida Gainesville/Tallahassee/Tampa/Boca Raton Pensacola/Orlando/Miami/Jacksonville/Ft. Myers Copyright 2003 by Johnnie M. -
The Underground Railroad in Tennessee to 1865
The State of State History in Tennessee in 2008 The Underground Railroad in Tennesseee to 1865 A Report By State Historian Walter T. Durham The State of State History in Tennessee in 2008 The Underground Railroad in Tennessee to 1865 A Report by State Historian Walter T. Durham Tennessee State Library and Archives Department of State Nashville, Tennessee 37243 Jeanne D. Sugg State Librarian and Archivist Department of State, Authorization No. 305294, 2000 copies November 2008. This public document was promulgated at a cost of $1.77 per copy. Preface and Acknowledgments In 2004 and again in 2006, I published studies called The State of State History in Tennessee. The works surveyed the organizations and activities that preserve and interpret Tennessee history and bring it to a diverse public. This year I deviate by making a study of the Under- ground Railroad in Tennessee and bringing it into the State of State History series. No prior statewide study of this re- markable phenomenon has been produced, a situation now remedied. During the early nineteenth century, the number of slaves escaping the South to fi nd freedom in the northern states slowly increased. The escape methodologies and ex- perience, repeated over and over again, became known as the Underground Railroad. In the period immediately after the Civil War a plethora of books and articles appeared dealing with the Underground Railroad. Largely written by or for white men, the accounts contained recollections of the roles they played in assisting slaves make their escapes. There was understandable exag- geration because most of them had been prewar abolitionists who wanted it known that they had contributed much to the successful fl ights of a number of slaves, oft times at great danger to themselves. -
FAA Order 8610.4K
ORDER 8610.4K AVIATION MECHANIC EXAMINER HANDBOOK April 21, 2006 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION Distribution: A-W(FS)-2;A-X(FS)-2;A-FFS-5,7(MAX); Initiated By: AFS-640 ZAC-341 RECORD OF CHANGES DIRECTIVE NO. 8610.4K CHANGE SUPPLEMENTS OPTIONAL CHANGE SUPPLEMENTS OPTIONAL TO TO BASIC BASIC 4/21/06 8610.4K FOREWORD This order is to be used as policy for administering all aviation mechanic oral and practical tests. This order provides standardized procedures, which shall be used by persons responsible for administering aviation mechanic oral and practical tests. Compliance with these standardized procedures will assure that applicants meet a satisfactory level of competence and workmanship required for certification. This order stresses the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA’s) policy of placing greater emphasis on the aviation mechanic oral and practical tests. This order does not relieve FAA personnel from the responsibility of instructing and guiding Designated Mechanic Examiners (DMEs). The standardized procedures contained in this order apply to DMEs and FAA Aviation Safety Inspectors (Airworthiness) (hereafter referred to as inspectors) authorized to conduct aviation mechanic oral and practical tests. This order supersedes all prior orders concerning the administration of aviation mechanic oral and practical tests. This order also applies to all inspectors who review and approve airmen other than flightcrew member’s applications. Changes to this order and additional instructions will be issued as necessary to meet changing conditions and new regulations or procedures. All persons issued this order will be expected to insert changes as they are received. Original signed by: Carol E. -
Slave Hounds and Abolition in the Americas
University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Faculty Scholarship 2-2020 Slave Hounds and Abolition in the Americas Tyler D. Parry University of Nevada, Las Vegas Charlton W. Yingling University of Louisville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/faculty Part of the History Commons Original Publication Information Parry, Tyler D. and Charlton W. Yingling. "Slave Hounds and Abolition in the Americas." 2020 Past & Present 246: 69-108. https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtz020 ThinkIR Citation Parry, Tyler D. and Yingling, Charlton W., "Slave Hounds and Abolition in the Americas" (2020). Faculty Scholarship. 441. https://ir.library.louisville.edu/faculty/441 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/past/article-abstract/246/1/69/5722095 by University of Louisville user on 19 March 2020 SLAVE HOUNDS AND ABOLITION IN THE AMERICAS* I INTRODUCTION In 1824 an anonymous Scotsman travelled through Jamaica to survey the island’s sugar plantations and social conditions. Notably, his journal describes an encounter with a formidable dog and its astonishing interaction with the enslaved. The traveller’s host, a Mr McJames, made ‘him a present of a fine bloodhound’ descended from a breed used for ‘hunting Maroons’ during Jamaica’s Second Maroon War almost three decades earlier.1 The maroons had surrendered to the British partly out of terror of these dogs, a Cuban breed that officials were promoting for use in Jamaica on account of their effectiveness in quelling black resistance.2 Unfamiliar with the breed, the traveller observed its ‘astounding ...aversion ...to the slaves’. -
Harriet E. Wilson's Our
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE HARRIET E. WILSON’S OUR NIG: A TRIAL FOR WRITING “MY OWN STORY” II Keiko Noguchi I. Neither of the two key elements of the domestic novel, marriage and home, is given to the heroine of Our Nig. The “true womanhood” with its emphasis on piety, purity, obedience, and domesticity1 is either unavailable to, or unable to support, a black woman in a patriarchal racist society based on slavery rules. The problem, then, focuses on the way how the heroine establishes herself in such a hostile society. One of the cheif themes of the story, in fact, lies in Frado’s struggle to acquire independence. According to Harryette Mullen, nineteenth- century black women writers strived to incorporate “an oral tradition of resistance” into their literature, since the two traditional literary forms available to them, the male slave narrative and the white female sentimental fiction, are inadequate to express their experience (245). They assert oral power of black women to resist the oppressors and to insist upon their selfhood, while male writers of slave narratives underscore the physical power to attain manhood as Douglass does in the scene of his fight with Mr. Covey. When submission and self-effacement were endorsed as female virtues, black women resorted to “orality”—talking back, arguing, or revealing secrets of their masters, all of which were regarded as “saucy” or “impudent” by the ruling class—to surface their voice and thereby to establish their identity (Mullen 245-46)2. II. -
Académie De La Guadeloupe Année Scolaire 2011-2012
Académie de la Guadeloupe Année scolaire 2011-2012 1 Mot de l’inspecteur chargé de la mission langue vivante La nouvelle semaine du créole s’inscrit toujours dans le cadre du thème général : « VIVASYON AN NOU ADAN LANG, MÈS É LABITID KRÉYÒL-LA » arrêté en 2008. Cette année, l’accent est porté sur l’histoire et l’évolution la musique en Guadeloupe : « Mizik : éritaj, lyannaj, migannaj ». Le bulletin officiel numéro 32 du 8 septembre 2011 portant sur les programmes de l’enseignement du créole à l’école encourage fortement les enseignants à aider l’élève à « développer sa sensibilité aux différences et à la diversité culturelle » L’acquisition des connaissances relatives aux modes de vie et à la culture du pays où vivent nos élèves reste un point fort mais aussi une grande richesse. La semaine du créole à l’école n’est pas uniquement consacrée simplement à l’enseignement de la langue, elle permet aussi de lancer le thème qui sera travaillé tout au long de l’année scolaire. L’académie a mis à la disposition des enseignants depuis 2001, deux conseillers pédagogiques qui peuvent aider au quotidien et assurer un accompagnement permanent des différents projets. Des formations sont dispensées chaque année en direction des enseignants. Le nombre de collègues habilités à enseigner la langue vivante régionale est en constante progression et nous devons intensifier les efforts. La « semaine du créole » doit être l’affaire de tous les enseignants exerçant sur le territoire. Des pistes de travail vous sont proposées, des projets sont initiés avec le concours de partenaires. -
African American Childhood and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination (1850S-1900)
BREWINGTON, PAULETTE YVONNE, Ph.D. Wild, Willful, and Wicked: African American Childhood and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination (1850s-1900). (2013) Directed by Dr. Karen A. Weyler. 249 pp. This dissertation examines nineteenth-century depictions of African American children in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852), Frank J. Webb’s The Garies and Their Friends (1857), and Harriet E. Wilson’s Our Nig (1859). It explores Stowe’s characters as wild, willful, and unruly minstrel-inspired comic figures further exaggerated with nineteenth-century stereotypes such as: shiftlessness, ignorance heathenism, and demonism. Both novels of Webb and Wilson serve as respondents to Stowe’s creations. Frank J. Webb presents industrious, educated children whose pranks are born out of self-possession. Wilson, on the other hand, illustrates that for the African American child in servitude in the free North, hardship and violence can rival that of the slave-holding South. WILD, WILLFUL, AND WICKED: AFRICAN AMERICAN CHILDHOOD AND THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY LITERARY IMAGINATION (1850S-1900) by Paulette Yvonne Brewington A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate School at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Greensboro 2013 Approved by ____________________________ Committee Chair © 2013 Paulette Yvonne Brewington APPROVAL PAGE This dissertation has been approved by the following committee of the Faculty of The Graduate School at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Committee Chair ______________________________________ Committee Members ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ___________________________ Date of Acceptance by Committee _________________________ Date of Final Oral Examination ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................v CHAPTER I. -
OUR NIG, by HARRIET E. WILSON: Frado and the Characterization Of
OUR NIG, BY HARRIET E. WILSON: Frado and the characterization of oppression Eliza de Souza Silva Araújo (*) Liane Schneider(**) Resumo Em sua autobiografia em terceira pessoa Our Nig, Harriet E. Wilson conta sua história de opressões que sofreu quando morou na casa de uma família do norte dos Estados Unidos, onde se violenta e denigre a mulata quando criança. Com base nos pressupostos de Crenshaw sobre intersectionality e de Joan Scot e Michele Wallace sobre as implicações históricas e de gênero buscamos compreender o contexto e condição da protagonista, além das intenções buscadas com a contação dessa história. Palavras-chave: Our Nig. Opressão. Intersectionality. Raça. Gênero. OUR NIG, POR HARRIET E. WILSON: Frado e a caracterização da opressão Abstract In her autobiography Our Nig, written in the third person, Harriet E. Wilson tells the story of the oppressions she suffers when she lived at a family house in the North of the US, where she undergoes violence and denigration. Based on Crenchaw’s accounts on intersectionality and Joan Scott and Michele Wallace’s propositions on historical implications and gender, we aim at understanding the context and condition of the protagonist, besides her intentions in telling her story. Key-words: Our Nig. Oppression. Intersectionality. Race. Gender. Harriet E. Wilson’s Our Nig; or, Sketches from the life of a free black, in a two- story white house, North. Showing that slavery’s shadows fall even there (1859) is a work (*) Pós-graduanda em Literatura no Programa de Pós-Graduação de Letras da UFPB; pesquisadora de literatura em língua inglesa com interesse nas temáticas de gênero e raça. -
Slave Narratives, Captivity Narratives, and Genre Transformation in Keckley's Behind the Scenes
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--English English 2021 Wilderness of Freedom: Slave Narratives, Captivity Narratives, and Genre Transformation in Keckley's Behind the Scenes Hannah Gautsch University of Kentucky, [email protected] Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2021.205 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Gautsch, Hannah, "Wilderness of Freedom: Slave Narratives, Captivity Narratives, and Genre Transformation in Keckley's Behind the Scenes" (2021). Theses and Dissertations--English. 132. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/english_etds/132 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the English at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--English by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. -
FREEDOM, OR the MARTYR's GRAVE" Black Pittsburgh's Aid to the Fugitive Slave R
a FREEDOM, OR THE MARTYR'S GRAVE" Black Pittsburgh's Aid to the Fugitive Slave R. J. M.Blackett When the sun comes back and the first quail calls, Follow the drinkiri gourd, For then the old man is a-waitin' for to carry you to freedom, Ifyou follow the drinkin' gourd FOLLOW THE DRINKIN* GOURD history of antebellum northern black urban communities is Theone of resistance to racial oppression and the development of in- stitutions to cater to the needs of blacks in a rapidly expanding indus- trial economy. Between 1830 and 1860, black communities from Boston to Cincinnati forged, nurtured, and sustained their own insti- tutions in their battle to survive in what, in many instances, were extremely hostile environments. They created their own churches as a protest against segregation in white churches and founded black newspapers to air their views, literary societies to improve skills, temperance and moral reform societies, masonic lodges, and secret societies to protect their communities from outside encroachment. By mid-century, these institutions were well developed through decades of involvement in the Negro Convention, abolitionist and anti- colonization movements, and local efforts to improve the lot of black communities. Just as well that they were, for on September 18, 1850, President Millard Fillmore signed into law the infamous Fugitive Slave Law, which guaranteed to southern slave interests the return of their escaped chattels. Black communities rose to the occasion and with the support of white abolitionists stood four-square against at- tempts to enforce the new law. This article willexamine the efforts employed by the black community in Pittsburgh to aid fugitives and to resist the Fugitive Slave Law. -
HAPPILY-EVER-AFTER: an EXPLORATION of NINETEENTH-CENTURY LAWS, MARRIAGE, and AFRICAN-AMERICAN REPRESENTATION by SARAH CLAYBURN
HAPPILY-EVER-AFTER: AN EXPLORATION OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY LAWS, MARRIAGE, AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN REPRESENTATION by SARAH CLAYBURN THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in English at The University of Texas at Arlington August, 2020 Arlington, Texas Supervising Committee: Desirée Henderson, Supervising Professor Erin Murrah-Mandril Cedrick May ii ABSTRACT HAPPILY-EVER-AFTER: AN EXPLORATION OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY LAWS, MARRIAGE, AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN REPRESENTATION SARAH CLAYBURN, M.A. The University of Texas at Arlington, 2020 Supervising Professor: Desirée Henderson This thesis moves beyond the moral messages of true womanhood found in eighteenth century British-American sentimental novels to examine the alternative lessons taught in nineteenth century African-American literature. In doing so, I explore the relationship between laws, race, and literature to investigate complex questions such as: what moral lessons about the institution of marriage are conveyed in early African-American novels? How did early American laws and policies affect these moral lessons? Lastly, how have marriage, laws, and traditions affected the representation of African-American characters in novels and shaped identities within African-American communities? Through the lens of critical race theory, feminist theory, and scholarship within legal studies, I analyze William Wells Brown’s Clotel published in 1853, and Harriet E. Wilson’s Our Nig: or, Sketches from the Life of a Free Black published in 1859. My analysis demonstrates both Brown and Wilson’s ability to recast the conventions of sentimental novels such as the traditional marriage plot despite the legal and social constraints their protagonists face. Brown’s Clotel teaches its audience that the institution of American slavery and the institution of American marriage are incompatible because of the legal relation between enslavers and enslaved people.