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An Integrated Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Public Housing

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An Integrated Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Public Housing AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Asma Sharafeddin for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Civil Engineering presented on June 12, 2020 Title: An Integrated Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Public Housing Abstract approved: ______________________________________________________ Ingrid Arocho Public housing (PH) provides a substantial portion of the housing in both developed and less developed countries, and the demand for it is increasing. The PH projects, however, are facing many challenges that are affecting their performance and cause their failures. The United States has demolished large portions of their PH projects because of their inherited social, environmental, economic, and political problems that affect their performance. The federal government has stopped funding new development and turned to the private sector to provide PH, which has increased the PH crisis in the US, increasing the concern that PH in the US will lose its affordability. Other less developed countries are still struggling with their PH programs, such as Libya. Lack of a comprehensive understanding of the complex interaction of different aspects that influence PH in general. The absence of a comprehensive framework to assess and ensure its sustainability have led to unsuccessful PH projects across the world. There is a need to enhance the performance of PH to increase its sustainability in order to improve the living environment of its residents. The overall goal of this research was to develop an applicable framework for PH to ensure its sustainability. This research adapted a sustainability approach based on the Triple Bottom Line +1 (TBL+1) to develop a solution for PH throughout its lifecycle. Sustainability is a new concept in project management that arises from attention to the social aspects of a project and stakeholders’ satisfaction throughout the project lifecycle. The application of sustainable management techniques based on TBL+1 criteria is becoming an imperative approach to achieve project success. This research answers the following questions: (1) what sustainability indicators can be extracted from the evaluation of the literature concerning the PH programs based on TBL+1?; (2) what sustainability performance indicators can be defined from the residents’ perspectives based on TBL+1?; (3) how can sustainable public housing (SPH) be achieved through an integrated framework, and what is the process of applying such a framework? The research provides potential leading indicators for SPH based on the TBL+1 aspect by evaluating PH programs in the USA and Libya. Explores the main opportunities to look forward and challenges to face in order for PH to be more sustainable. It also defines the key performance sustainability indicators (KPSIs) related to TBL+1 from residents’ perspectives based on the post-occupancy evaluation (POE) across various groups at three projects: two are in the USA (Camas Common, Corvallis, OR, and Oregon State University Family Housing, Corvallis, OR) and one in Tripoli, Libya (Hay Al-Andalus). Finally, an integrated conceptual framework for SPH was developed, and a project sustainable performance checklist criterion for project stages was introduced in order to evaluate and achieve a SPH. The integrated framework covers six project stages; project scope, planning, design, construction, occupancy, and demolition includes measurable criteria for each project stage to ensure its sustainability while the project is evolving. The framework and project sustainable performance checklist criterion are a start toward developing an integrated management plan for SPH that housing authorities can incorporate in their local sustainability approach toward a more sustainable built environment. ©Copyright by Asma Sharafeddin June 12, 2020 All Rights Reserved An Integrated Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Public Housing by Asma Sharafeddin A DISSERTATION submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Presented June 12, 2020 Commencement June 2021 Doctor of Philosophy dissertation of Asma Sharafeddin presented on June 12, 2020 APPROVED: Major Professor, representing Civil Engineering Head of the School of Civil and Construction Engineering Dean of the Graduate School I understand that my dissertation will become part of the permanent collection of Oregon State University libraries. My signature below authorizes release of my dissertation to any reader upon request. Asma Sharafeddin, Author ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I greatly appreciate my advisor Ingrid Arcocho. I could not have come this far without her support. She always advised me when I needed, with plenty of patience. I would like to express my most profound appreciation to my doctorate committee members, Dr. David Sillars, Dr. Bell Christ, Dr. Mark Gillem, and Dr. Ted Brekken for their guidance, underattendance, and support throughout this research. I am incredibly grateful to Dr. Alison Moldnke for her unconditional support and a great experience to share my ideas through editing my dissertation. I would also like to extend my deepest gratitude to Dr. David Trejo for his support. I am pleased to thank Dr. Jason Anderson for sharing an excellent data analysis approach for Chapter I owe a special thanks to the Libyan Ministry of High Education and Scientific Research and the University of Tripoli for their support and funding my education at Oregon State University. Special thanks are extended to my mother, sisters, and brothers for their encouragement in many moments of crisis. Finally, thanks to my family, my husband Khaled Elfallous, and my daughters Rahaf and Haya for their love and understanding. Thank you to my officemates Hameed Mohamed, Annana Ahmad, Ahmad Shafayet, and Hisham Jashami. All those small chats and coffee breaks were fun with you guys in Kearny 211. CONTRIBUTION OF AUTHORS Dr. Jason Anderson contributed to the statistical analysis of the survey. He explained, reviewed, and edited the modeling process and results. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. Chapter 1: General Introduction ........................................................................ 1 1.1 Purpose of Research ....................................................................................... 2 1.2 Problem Statement ......................................................................................... 3 1.3 Research Questions ........................................................................................ 5 1.4 Research Objectives ....................................................................................... 6 1.5 Conceptual Framework for Study .................................................................. 7 1.5.1 Triple Bottom Line (TBL) Sustainable Framework ............................... 7 1.5.1 Sustainability Indicators.......................................................................... 8 1.5.2 Sustainability in Project Management .................................................. 10 1.5.3 Sustainable Project Success Framework ............................................... 12 1.5.4 Theoretical Context ............................................................................... 13 1.5.5 Definition of terms ................................................................................ 16 1.5.6 Research Gaps ....................................................................................... 17 1.6 Significance of the Research ........................................................................ 18 1.7 Research Procedure ...................................................................................... 19 1.8 Research Scope and Limitation .................................................................... 20 1.9 Research Flow .............................................................................................. 20 1.9.1 Manuscript #1 ....................................................................................... 22 1.9.2 Manuscript # 2 ...................................................................................... 26 1.9.3 Manuscript # 3 ...................................................................................... 29 1.9.4 Manuscript # 4 ...................................................................................... 33 1.10 Future Research ............................................................................................ 37 1.11 References .................................................................................................... 37 2. Chapter 2: Toward Sustainable Public Housing: Lessons Learned from Public Housing Programs in the US and Libya ..................................................................... 44 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 44 2.1.1 Sustainable Housing and Sustainable Communities: Some Definitions46 2.1.2 Sustainability Assessment Framework TB+1 ....................................... 47 2.2 Methodology ................................................................................................ 54 2.3 Review of Related Theories ......................................................................... 58 2.4 TBL+1 Aspects of Public Housing Programs in the United States and Libya ……………………………………………………………………………...60 2.4.1 Overview of Public Housing Programs in the United States ................ 61 2.4.2 Overview of Public Housing Programs in Libya .................................. 62 2.4.3 Environmental
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