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Maynooth Library 00324577 00324577 sr»a NUI MAYNOOTH Qiiacsll na ti£ira«nn WA Mead The French-language Reception of Grimms’ ‘Rotkappchen’ 1868-1948 A Ph.D. thesis presented by Edel Curran B.A. (Hons.) Under the supervision of Dr. Jeffrey Morrison For the Department of German Faculty of Arts October 2004 ABSTRACT In 1697 Charles Perrault’s Contes immortalised ‘Little Red Riding Hood’ (‘Le Petit Chaperon rouge’), a fairy tale which was later recounted by the Grimm Brothers as ‘Rotkäppchen’ in their collection of 1812/1815. Scholarly research has already shown the extent to which Perrault’s earlier collection influenced the Grimms’ Kinder- und Hausmärchen. But how might the French reaction to the Grimm ‘version’ be reflected in subsequent French translations, and especially during periods of Franco-German conflict? This is the pivotal question addressed in the four chapters of this thesis. The first chapter focuses on the theoretical. It situates the Grimm Brothers and their influences within the context of German Romanticism and a complex form of nationalism which lies at the root of this literary movement. The development of the field of folklore studies from the Grimms to the present day is also outlined, with particular emphasis on Jack Zipes’ socio-political reading of the versions and adaptations of this tale from Europe and America; a reading which is adapted and developed for this analysis. The second chapter introduces the textual analysis of the selected adaptations and translations and focuses on the years between 1868 and 1933; when the first Grimm-inspired adaptation and translation were published. The third chapter focuses on the fortunes of ‘Rotkäppchen’ during 1942, the height of the Occupation. The fourth and final chapter concentrates on the years between 1944 and 1948, in an attempt to establish how the French versions of the Grimm tale were affected by liberation from German Nazi oppression and the subsequent ending of the Second World War. Such a detailed comparative study proves revealing not only for the French reception of a fairy tale common to the French and German literary traditions for a given period, but also for Franco-German relations and translation theory in general. CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS..................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................................... ix ABBREVIATIONS AND GLOSSARY ................................................. x INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER ONE: Historical, Theoretical and Political B ackground..................................................................................................... 6 1.1 The Grimms and German Literary History........................ 7 1.2 An Overview of Shifts in Folklore Studies........................ 14 1.3 An Overview of Studies on ‘Little Red Riding Hood’ 26 1.4 Zipes’ Socio-historical Approach............................................ 32 1.5 Translation Theory.................................................................... 36 CHAPTER TWO: Grimms’ ‘Rotkäppchen’ versus Perrault’s ‘Petit Chaperon Rouge’ — 1868-1936 .................................................................. 48 2.1 Introduction........................................................................... 48 2.2 ‘Rotkäppchen’ in French Adaptation before 1870 .................. 51 2.3 ‘Rotkäppchen’ in French Adaptation after 1870 ..................... 64 2.4 The Fate of ‘Rotkäppchen’ after World War I ........................ 72 2.5 ‘Rotkäppchen’ in French Adaptation before World War I I ... 76 2.6 Conclusion.................................................................. 93 CHAPTER THREE: The Fate of ‘Rotkäppchen’ in French Translation: The Vichy Y ears ............................................................................................ 95 3.1 Introduction............................................................................... 95 3.2 Grimms’ ‘Rotkäppchen’ and Politics........................................ 96 3.3 The Socio-Political Climate during the Occupation................. 99 3.4 ‘Little Red Riding Hood’ as Nazi Propaganda......................... 107 3.5 A Second 1942 French Adaptation o f ‘Little Red Riding Hood’ 122 3.6 An Analysis of the Second French Translation of ‘Rotkäppchen’ ... 132 3.7 Conclusion.................................................................................. 152 CONTENTS CHAPTER FOUR: ‘Rotkäppchen’ in French Translation and Adaptation — 1944-1948 .......................................................................................... 154 4.1 Introduction................................................................................ 154 4.2 René Meurant’s 1944 Translation: Background....................... 155 4.3 Textual Analysis of Meurant’s Translation.................. 161 4.4 A Synopsis of the S.E.P.E’s Wartime Publications.................... 180 4.5 Textual Analysis of the S.E.P.E. Translation............................. 184 4.6 ‘Rotkäppchen’ in French Adaptation post 1945........................... 191 4.7 Conclusion................................................................................... 204 CONCLUSION................................................................................. 207 APPENDICES..................................................................................... 211 A.1 French Translations o f‘Rotkäppchen’ ..................................... 212 A.2 Versions o f‘Little Red Riding Hood’ ...................................... 253 A.3 French Adaptations of ‘Little Red Riding Hood’ ..................... 265 BIBLIOGRAPHY 329 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Portrait of Little Red Riding Hood............................... Frontispiece Trois Contes: Le Petit Chaperon Rouge, Les Trois Ours, Le Chat Botté, illustrated by E.O. Jones (Paris: Editions des Deux Coqs d’Or, 1959). CHAPTER ONE (i) Illustration from a Chinese version of ‘Little Red Riding Hood’ 6 Le Petit Chaperon rouge, version chinoise sans rouge ni chaperon: Fables Traduites par Jacques Pimpaneau, illustrées de papiers découpés par un artiste de Chine populaire (Courbevoie: Théâtre Typographique, 1986). CHAPTER TWO (ii) Nineteenth century French politicisationof ‘Little Red Riding Hood’.. 63 Le Petit Journal: Supplément illustré, no. 418, dimanche 20 novembre 1898. (iii) Little Red Riding Hood meets the w olf............................................. 61 Le Petit Chaperon Rouge (Paris: Librairie de Théodore Lefèvre et C e, 1905). Illustrator unknown. (iv) A Little Red Riding Hood doll from 1916 by Berthe Noufflard .......................................................................................................................... 70 Paris, musée des Arts décoratifs, département du Jouet. (v) A 1916 illustration by Edgar Tijtgat.................................................... 71 Le Petit Chaperon rouge: Un conte de Perrault dessiné et gravé par Edgar Tijtgat, 4th edn (Brussels: C. Van Oest, 1921). (vi) Le loup dévore Le Petit Chaperon des yeux.......................................... 75 Le Petit Chaperon rouge: Illustré par Félix Lorioux (Paris: Librairie Hachette, 1920). (vii) Le Petit Chaperon rouge rencontre Compère le Loup.......................... 87 Les Contes de Perrault: Illustré par René de la Nézière (Tours: Maison Marne, 1920). (viii) Albert Uriet’s depiction of Grimms’ ‘resurrection’ scene.................... 91 Contes de Grimm, trans. by A. Canaux, illustrations by Albert Uriet (Tours: Maison Marne, 1933). LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS CHAPTER THREE (ix) Cover page of the infamous Liste O tto............................................ 100 Howard C. Rice, France 1940-1942: A Collection of Documents and Bibliography (Cambridge, Mass: 1942). (x) A reprint of a page from the Liste Otto............................................ 101 Rice, France 1940-1942. (xi) Trust the German sodier!.................................................................. 108 Rice. Illustrator unknown. (xii) A reprint of first three pages of 1942 fascist version..................... 110 Le Dossier juif: France 1940-1945, 1st edn, vol. 3 (Paris: Éditions SNRA, 1979). Illustrator unknown. (xiii) L’antijudaïsme à l’école................................................................. 118 Le Dossier ju if Illustrator unknown. (xiv) The wolf as a vicious caricature of the Jew ..................................... 119 Le Dossier juif. Illustrator unknown. (xv) An example of French outrage at German anti-Semitism............... 121 Le Dossier juif. Illustrator unknown. (xvi) Cover page of 1942 Bias edition.......................................................... 123 Le Petit Chaperon rouge (Paris: Éditions Bias, 1942). Illustrator unknown. (xvii) The little girl and her ‘grandmother’ ................................................... 125 Le Petit Chaperon rouge (Paris: Éditions Bias, 1942). Illustrator unknown. (xviii) Pro-fascist propaganda....................................................................... 136 Ramon Gual and Jean Larrieu, Vichy, l ’occupation nazie et la Résistance Catalane: Documents, photos, presse ...(Perpignan: Revista Terra Nostra, 1996). Illustrator unknown. CHAPTERFOUR (xix) A militant civil servant......................................................................... 182 La Semaine héroïque: 19-25 août 1944 (Paris: S.E.P.E., 1944). (xx) Cover page of 1948 adaptation.............................................................
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