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Muzeum Vysociny Acta rerum naturalium 1: 105–116, 2005 ISSN 1801-5972 Výsledky kvantitativního sledování řádu motýlů (Lepidoptera) na loukách u Kamenice nad Lipou The results of a moth survey (Lepidoptera) in meadow biotopes near Kamenice nad Lipou JAN ŠUMPICH Česká Bělá 212, CZ – 582 61 Česká Bělá; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The lepidopteran fauna was studied in 1997 near Kamenice nad Lipou in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands. A total of 311 species were noted from 7696 specimens. Indices of species diversity, equability and dominance were determined. The synuzie of the moist meadow was establis- hed. Many stenotopic species were found and high equitability index values demonstrated the naturel type of environment in this area. Key words: synecology, Lepidoptera, diversity, meadow, Czech Republic, Central Europe ÚVOD velký lesní komplex jehličnatého lesa s příměsí původního buku a jedle, z druhé strany přiléhají pole. V účinném poli Předkládaná práce shrnuje výsledky faunistického po- světelného lapače se nacházela skupina vzrostlých jasanů znávání fauny motýlů v okolí Kamenice nad Lipou, jež a několik menších ovocných stromů. je prvním krokem k hlubšímu entomologickému poznání tohoto regionu. Značný dluh a mezera v poznání fauny motýlů celého okresu motivovala k dalšímu detailnějšímu METODIKA studiu řádu Lepidoptera, a to na odlišném typu biotopu než doposud. Zároveň byly využity kvantitativní metody Faunisticko-ekologický výzkum motýlů v okolí Kame- sběru, aby bylo možné alespoň rámcově poznat druhovou nice nad Lipou na lokalitě Hutě probíhal v roce 1997. Byl strukturu v závislosti na abundanci jednotlivých prvků využit světelný lapač s výbojkou 125 W, který byl v čin- a získat tak relevantní úsudek o kvalitě sledovaného nosti od 4. 4. do 22. 10. 1997. Materiál byl denně vybírán, prostředí. Českomoravská vrchovina patřila v minulosti průběžně determinován a dokladové exempláře vybraných k entomologicky opomíjeným oblastem, což se za posled- druhů jsou deponovány ve sbírce autora. ních cca 10 let znatelně změnilo, region Pelhřimovska, Strukturální znaky entomocenózy (diverzita, ekvitabili- a především jeho jižní část – oblast Kamenicka – však dále ta, apod.) byly vyhodnocovány na základě vzorců a metod zůstávala nepoznaným územím. Předkládané výsledky dle Oduma (Odum 1977), resp. Begona et al. (Begon et al. jsou již třetím souhrnějším zpracováním motýlí fauny 1997), vyhodnocení hodnot dominance bylo upraveno dle vybraného segmentu krajiny Pelhřimovska, poprvé se Laštůvky (Laštůvka 1993). ale zabývají nelesním typem biotopu. První studie byla zaměřena na synuzii motýlů jehličnatých lesů Strážiště Přehled použitých vzorců (Šumpich 2001), kde terénní práce trvaly čtyři roky, druhá Dominance (D): D = 100ni/N stejně komplexně shrnuje výsledky intenzivního sledování Simpsnův index dominance (c): c = Σ(ni/N)² z bučin na vrcholu Křemešníku (Šumpich 2003). V obou Index druhové pestrosti (d): d = S-1/lnN případech bylo použito shodné metody – světelného lapa- S če, což umožnilo vzájemné porovnání výsledků. Shannonův index diversity (H´): H´= - Σ pi ln pi ; pi = ni/N i=1 Shannonův index vyrovnanosti, ekvitabilita (e): STRUČNÁ CHARAKTERISTIKA ÚZEMÍ e = H´/H´max; H´max = ln S Území se geomorfologicky nachází v oblasti Česko- Legenda moravské vrchoviny, celku Křemešnická vrchovina, N – cel. množství jedinců dané entomocenózy podcelku Pacovská pahorkatina a okrsku Božejovská S – celkový počet zjištěných druhů, číselné indexy odli- pahorkatina (Demek et al. 1987). Lokalita se nachází cca šují jednotlivé zoocenózy 7 km západně od Kamenice nad Lipou v nadmořské výšce pi – udává pravděpodobnost, že jeden jedinec přísluší dru- 620–640 m n. m., v pátém (jedlobukovém) vegetačním hu i stupni (Zlatník 1973). ni – množství jedinců daného druhu Vlastní monitorovací plocha představovala kulturní, mírně svažitou louku, která svým spodním okrajem pře- cházela do neobhospodařované mokřiny, za níž následoval 105 Šumpich: Výsledky kvantitativního sledování řádu motýlů (Lepidoptera) na loukách u Kamenice nad Lipou VÝSLEDKY Smerinthus ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1758) P; Materiál: 11. 6.–28. 6. 1997, 2 ex. Druhy jsou řazeny dle katalogu (Laštůvka et al. 1993) Laothoe populi (Linnaeus, 1758) s přiřazením českého jména dle Novák et al. (1992). O-Salicaceae; U každého druhu je uvedena šířka potravní vazby, která Materiál: 24. 5.–17. 8. 1997, 22 ex. je pojata následovně: Deilephila elpenor (Linnaeus, 1758) P; P – druh je polyfágní, u úzké polyfagie je uvedena prefe- Materiál: 6. 6.–5. 7. 1997, 8 ex. rovaná rostlina nebo skupina rostlin (čeleď) Deilephila porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758) O – druh je považován za oligofága, kde rámec dosud zná- P; mých živných rostlin nepřesahuje hranice jedné čele- Materiál: 25. 6.–26. 6. 1997, 2 ex. dě, u úzké oligofagie je uveden preferovaný druh rost- Saturniidae liny M – druh je považován za monofága, tzn. housenka je Saturnia pavonia (Linnaeus, 1758) vázána na jeden rostlinný druh, příp. na druhy v rám- P; Materiál: 17. 5. 1997, 1 ex. ci jednoho rodu K určení potravních vazeb bylo použito základní lepi- Drepanidae dopterologické literatury (např. Koch 1988). Falcaria lacertinaria (Linnaeus, 1758) O-Betulaceae; Materiál: 10. 8. 1997, 1 ex. Přehled zjištěných druhů Drepana falcataria (Linnaeus, 1758) O-Betulaceae; Hepialidae Materiál: 6. 5.–17. 8. 1997, 31 ex. Watsonalla cultraria (Fabricius, 1775) Hepialus humuli (Linnaeus, 1758) M-Fagus (Quercus); P; Materiál: 14. 5.–17. 8. 1997, 6 ex. Materiál: 17. 6.–3. 7. 1997, 3 ex. Thyatira batis (Linnaeus, 1758) Hepialus sylvinus (Linnaeus, 1761) M-Rubus; P; Materiál: 18. 5.–29. 7. 1997, 11 ex. Materiál: 9. 8.–22. 8. 1997, 2 ex. Habrosyne pyritoides (Hufnagel, 1766) M-Rubus; Lasiocampidae Materiál: 11. 6.–8. 8. 1997, 124 ex. Tethea or (Den. et Schiff., 1775) Poecilocampa populi (Linnaeus, 1758) O-Salicaceae; P; Materiál: 14. 5.–5. 7. 1997, 6 ex. Materiál: 15. 10.–22. 10. 1997, 6 ex. Ochropacha duplaris (Linnaeus, 1761) Malacosoma neustria (Linnaeus, 1758) P; P (Malus, Populus, Quercus); Materiál: 10. 6.–6. 8. 1997, 5 ex. Materiál: 13. 7. 1997, 1 ex. Macrothylacia rubi (Linnaeus, 1758) Geometridae P; Materiál: 25. 5.–14. 6. 1997, 6 ex. Geometra papilionaria (Linnaeus, 1758) Dendrolimus pini (Linnaeus, 1758) P; O-Pinaceae; Materiál: 8. 8.–22. 8. 1997, 2 ex. Materiál: 12. 6.–10. 8. 1997, 38 ex. Jodis putata (Linnaeus, 1758) Cosmotriche lobulina (Den. et Schiff., 1775) M-Vaccinium myrtillus; O-Pinaceae; Materiál: 11. 6. 1997, 1 ex. Materiál: 18. 5.–12. 8. 1997, 11 ex. Cyclophora albipunctata (Hufnagel, 1767) P; Endromidae Materiál: 19. 5. 1997, 1 ex. Cyclophora linearia (Hübner, 1799) Endromis versicolora (Linnaeus, 1758) P; P; Materiál: 14. 6.–14. 8. 1997, 2 ex. Materiál: 26. 4.–7. 5. 1997, 8 ex. Timandra comae Schmidt, 1931 O-Polygonaceae; Sphingidae Materiál: 12. 6.–23. 9. 1997, 12 ex. Scopula immorata (Linnaeus, 1758) Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus, 1758) P; M -Convolvulus; Materiál: 10. 6.–17. 8. 1997, 32 ex. Materiál: 27. 8.–20. 9. 1997, 2 ex. Scopula ornata (Scopoli, 1763) Sphinx pinastri Linnaeus, 1758 P; O-Pinaceae; Materiál: 17. 8. 1997, 1 ex. Materiál: 17. 5.–14. 8. 1997, 75 ex. Scopula ternata Schrank, 1802 Mimas tiliae (Linnaeus, 1758) P (Rubus, Vaccinium, Calluna); P; Materiál: 25. 6.–5. 7. 1997, 2 ex. Materiál: 13. 5.–1. 7. 1997, 6 ex. 106 Acta rerum naturalium 1: 105–116, 2005 ISSN 1801-5972 Idaea dimidiata (Hufnagel, 1767) Chloroclysta siterata (Hufnagel, 1767) P; P; Materiál: 29. 7.–22. 8. 1997, 3 ex. Materiál: 7. 9.–9. 10. 1997, 10 ex. Idaea emarginata (Linnaeus, 1758) Chloroclysta citrata (Linnaeus, 1761) P; P; Materiál: 29. 7.–15. 8. 1997, 3 ex. Materiál: 29. 7.–29. 9. 1997, 22 ex. Idaea aversata (Linnaeus, 1758) Chloroclysta truncata (Hufnagel, 1767) P; P; Materiál: 25. 7.–27. 8. 1997, 24 ex. Materiál: 21. 6.–26. 9. 1997, 28 ex. Scotopteryx chenopodiata (Linnaeus, 1758) Cidaria fulvata (Forster, 1771) O-Fabaceae; M-Rosa; Materiál: 11. 7.–20. 8. 1997, 31 ex. Materiál: 27. 7.–12. 8. 1997, 2 ex. Orthonama vittata (Borkhausen, 1794) Plemyria rubiginata (Den. et Schiff., 1775) M-Galium palustre; M-Alnus; Materiál: 7. 9. 1997, 1 ex. Materiál: 31. 7.–9. 8. 1997, 2 dx. Xanthorhoe biriviata (Borkhausen, 1794) Thera fi rmata (Hübner, 1822) M-Impatiens; M-Pinus; Materiál: 25. 7. 1997, 1 ex. Materiál: 27. 8.–10. 9. 1997, 5 ex. Xanthorhoe designata (Hufnagel, 1767) Thera variata (Den. et Schiff., 1775) O-Brassicaceae; M-Picea (Juniperus ?); Materiál: 28. 6.–27. 8. 1997, 6 ex. Materiál: 8. 6.–15. 9. 1997, 25 ex. Xanthorhoe spadicearia (Den. et Schiff., 1775) Thera juniperata (Linnaeus, 1758) P; P (Juniperus); Materiál: 13. 5.–1. 9. 1997, 337 ex. Materiál: 9. 10. 1997, 1 ex. Xanthorhoe ferrugata (Clerck, 1759) Electrophaes corylata (Thunberg, 1792) P; P; Materiál: 15. 5.–27. 8. 1997, 37 ex. Materiál: 15. 6. 1997, 1 ex. Xanthorhoe quadrifasciata (Clerck, 1759) Colostygia pectinataria (Knoch, 1781) P; P; Materiál: 17. 6.–9. 8. 1997, 10 ex. Materiál: 28. 6.–7. 8. 1997, 10 ex. Xanthorhoe montanata (Den. et Schiff., 1775) Hydriomena furcata (Thunberg, 1784) P; P; Materiál: 7. 6.–11. 7. 1997, 60 ex. Materiál: 19. 7.–18. 8. 1997, 20 ex. Xanthorhoe fl uctuata (Linnaeus, 1758) Hydriomena impluviata (Den. et Schiff., 1775) O-Brassicaceae; P; Materiál: 6. 6.–27. 8. 1997, 16 ex. Materiál: 7. 6.–3. 7. 1997, 5 ex. Epirrhoe tristata (Linnaeus, 1758) Spargania luctuata (Den. et Schiff., 1775) M-Galium; O-Oenotheraceae; Materiál: 12. 6.–24. 8. 1997, 9 ex. Materiál: 26. 6.–15. 8. 1997, 6 ex. Epirrhoe alternata (Müller, 1764) Rheumaptera undulata (Linnaeus, 1758) M-Galium; P; Materiál: 23. 6.–1. 9. 1997, 15 ex. Materiál: 15. 6.–19. 7. 1997, 4 ex. Epirrhoe molluginata (Hübner, 1813) Euphyia unangulata (Haworth, 1809) M-Galium; P; Materiál: 5. 7. 1997, 1 ex. Materiál: 12. 6.–29. 6. 1997, 11 ex. Camptogramma bilineatum (Linnaeus, 1758) Epirrita dilutata (Den. et Schiff., 1775) P; P; Materiál: 12. 8.–27. 8. 1997, 2 ex. Materiál: 9. 10.–22. 10. 1997, 6 ex. Lampropteryx suffumata (Den. et Schiff., 1775) Epirrita autumnata (Borkhausen, 1794) M-Galium; P; Materiál: 20. 5. 1997, 1 ex. Materiál: 9.
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