The Implementation of Strengthening the Nation Character of Indonesian
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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 524 Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Character Education (ICCE 2020) The Implementation of Strengthening the Nation Character of Indonesian Chinese-Muslims Ethnic Through Haji Muhammad Cheng Hoo Foundation Surabaya Religia Fatihasari Berliana1*, Rusnaini2, Triyanto3 1,2.3Magister of Civic Education, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Nation character building had already been as an Indonesian government's focus on strengthening Indonesian citizen's nationalism. Especially for the minority that is still trying their best for showing their Indonesian nationalism. Sometimes the majority still can not believe with the minority. As a minority, Chinese-Muslims ethnic in Indonesia had some activities for strengthening their national character to make a harmonious social life with their surrounding community. The purposes of this research were to find out the implementation of strengthening the national character of Chinese-Muslims in Haji Muhammad Cheng Hoo Foundation Surabaya. This research used qualitative methods with descriptive research as a type of research. The data consisted of Informant, Observation, and Document. The results of this research were: Haji Muhammad Cheng Hoo Foundation had some activities that are related to nation character building especially for tolerance character. This foundation also had Kindergarten and Elementary school which they had been teaching their student by implementing nation character education whether in curricular, co-curricular, and extracurricular activities. Keywords: Nation Character, Strengthening, Chinese-Muslims 1. INTRODUCTION them had a marriage with the local people and grew their life for a long time. With their new type of life, indirectly Indonesia as a heterogeneous country has been a melting they made assimilation and acculturation. Actually, the pot for several ethnicities, whether it was coming from immigrant also had their own culture and habit that maybe Nusantara or another nation. Each ethnicity has its own can not be accepted by the local indigenous people. But language and culture, which also has a different religion when they came to Nusantara, they respect the local depends on their beliefs. We know that each ethnic has a people by doing their own culture without disturbing the different background, so that perhaps they may have a local people. They also acted respectively to the culture different character. Historically, Indonesia, as we called and habit of the local people. Time by time they spent their Nusantara in the past, has been an archipelago that was life in Nusantara and slowly did not do some of their habit inhabited by many people from ethnic. Each ethnic had its that was not existing in Indonesia at that time. But, for own character depending on their habit and custom. praying activities, they held their own religion or beliefs Centuries ago, there were many immigrants come to and did their pray peacefully. Nusantara for spreading their trading relations. They did Becoming a multiethnic society, they could believing each an international trading activity. Especially for the trader other and did all their activities together. Then talking from Gujarat, Arab (Persia), and China. They had their about Chinese people whom they become one of the own mission for trading. But sometimes they also had a biggest immigrants in the world, they also had a big private mission that happened accidentally because of their history in Nusantara, coming to Indonesia from 206-220 life in society. They had a communication with the BC (Han Dynasty). This history was written on the notes indigenous people in wherever they stay. They tried to live of Fahsien and I Tsing (337-402) in the time of the Dong harmoniously and make a good relationship with their own Dynasty and Tang Dynasty). Since their first coming in and another community. By living peacefully, time by Nusantara archipelago, the history said that they came for time they had a new life in their new society. Some of one intention, it was trading. In many centuries, they grew Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 208 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 524 up their business and made a relationship with the local After the independence of Indonesia, on the leadings of people. Indirectly they made assimilation and Soekarno, the livings of local people, Chinese, Chinese- acculturation. The biggest history of Chinese Immigrants descent was in a good relationship. But, since the G 30S in Nusantara has happened when Admiral Cheng Ho did PKI rebellion at the end of the Soekarno era, the Chinese his voyage in many kingdoms and countries for making people in Indonesia were under the threat from being the diplomatic relation between Ming Dynasty and other perceived as communists. When the new era of Soeharto, kingdoms and countries on 15 Century. Chinese-Muslims the existence of Chinese ethnic became more threatened. Admiral Cheng Ho did his voyage with his followers by Soeharto wanted to remove everything that was related to using many large ships. The number of his followers was Chinese ethnicity. Also for Chinese beliefs, Kong Hu Cu around 30 thousand followers with about 350 large ships. was not recognized as an official religion in Indonesia. All Admiral Cheng Ho had his seven-time voyage and come in the Chinese-descent people should not be showing their several places. Most of his stopovers were in Malacca Chinese culture. This condition made local people have (part of Malaysia), and for the stopovers in Indonesia was less trust in Chinese people, they had a relationship only in Semarang, Batavia, Cirebon, Surabaya, and Palembang. for trading or with the local people that had been living On each stopover, they tried to make relations with the together as neighbors for a long time. Exactly, the people local people and know their character. Cheng Ho and his of Chinese ethnic who lived in Indonesia most of them followers stay for a long time in each place they arrived. were a kind person, and not all of them doing or having They made trading and intense communication with the something like what the government worried about. But, local people and made a diplomatic relation with the leader this sentiment made the local people who did not have a of the region. For the time where Cheng Ho and his neighborhood live or another habit with Chinese people followers stayed in Nusantara, many of his followers also accidentally affected by abstaining Chinese ethnic. had a marriage relationship with the local people and then The 1998 riot, has been the biggest ethnic conflict ever they chose to continue their life in Nusantara. In this happened from the last thirty years. But actually, the ethnic position, assimilation and acculturation also happened, and conflicts in Indonesia already happened a long time ago what they did was also learning about how the local people since the becoming of the Dutch colony and it was also do their life. happened ethnocentrism on around 1900-1945. The causes Because of Admiral Chengho and many of his followers of the 1998 riot, was because of the criticism of the New were also a Muslim, they also had a private mission for Order government, not limited to vote-rigging in the 1997 spreading Islam in the local people who had not become a legislative election and economic collapse as a result of the Muslim before. Through their assimilation and Asian financial crisis. Then, the uncontrolled economic acculturation, Islam had already well-known in society. crisis made the resignation of President Soeharto on the Since the coming of Admiral Cheng Ho, he could make people's demand. The economic problems that occurred Nusantara had a revolution especially for making life were made Indonesian Chinese ethnics become the main peaceful and harmonious. The way that Cheng Ho brought targets of the violence. This sentiment was led by most has become a pioneer for making a more tolerant society. people's assumptions of Indonesian Chinese holding the Many centuries later, the creolized-Chinese or Chinese- most economics sector in Indonesia. This 1998 riot also descent in Nusantara, especially in Indonesia had so many made some Indonesian people lost their trust in Pancasila. ups and downs on their livings. The words creolized- After the 1998 crisis, Indonesia tried to recover all sectors Chinese was made by G. Willaim Skinner a well-known that have been affected by the riot. Especially for sinologist for other designations of Chinese-descent recovering the peaceful life in Indonesia. From the 1998 people. They faced many challenges for defending their- riot, the word Bhinneka Tunggal Ika has been destroyed self. Since the coming of the Dutch colony, their existence by its own people, it's mean by Indonesian people who was under fire. They prohibited to live like the indigenous have that motto. So that, when the leading of people, including for embracing Islam. Exactly, the Abdurrahman Wahid, Indonesia began to start growing the population of Chinese-Muslims in Nusantara at that time inter-ethnical harmonious life. The growth of multiethnic was at a good growth. They could be making a more country had been started circa 2000. For being kept as a harmonious life with the local indigenous people. But tolerant country, the Indonesian government had many since the Dutch colony had a new rule for differentiating efforts to make Indonesian people recover from all the bad European, Eastern group, and local indigenous people, a impacts on the 1998 riot. The main thing that the long term living that they had growing been for a long government wanted to do was applying an education for time must be destroyed with the rules.