October 2012 Vol. 26, No. 5 www.PhotonicsSociety.org

Space division multiplexing: MIMO and multimode fi ber communications Optical wireless communication: DSP with LED lighting

Also inside: • Highlights from Summer Topical on High Power Semiconductor Lasers • Technology Management Council – The importance of conversation Another Gen2 Product from the Leader in Polarization Control www.generalphotonics.comwww.generalpww era photootonics.comn

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Space division multiplexing: MIMO and multimode À ber communications Optical wireless communication: DSP with LED lighting Cover Image:

Also inside: Credit for the photo to Gary Smith • Highlights from Summer Topical on High Power Semiconductor Lasers • Technology Management Council – The importance Photo taken at Summer Topicals in Seattle of conversation

October 2012 Volume 26, Number 5

FEATURES

Research Highlights: ...... 4 – Space-Division Multiplexing for Optical Communications by William Shieh et al. – Digital Signal Processing for Light Emitting Diode Based Visible Light Communication by C.W. Chow et al...... 9

Dichroic News ...... 14 6 Mirror λ MMFin MMF MMFout s EDFA • Call for Nominations: IEEE Photonics Society 2013 Distinguished Signal Module Attenuator Lecturer Awards LP01

LP • Call for Nominations: IEEE Photonics Award 11a λ p Mode Pump LP11b • Nominations for IEEE Awards Source Combiner

LPmn Careers and Awards ...... 18 Collimating Lens • IEEE Photonics Society Awards Deadline • IEEE Photonics Society 2012 Graduate Student Fellowship recipients • IEEE Technology Management Council

Membership ...... 26 11 • Benefits of IEEE Senior Membership

Conferences...... 27 • IPS Conference Calendar • ACP preview • IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Wrap up • OFC 2013 – Call for papers • International Semiconductor Laser Conference 2012 • Optical Interconnects Conference 2013 • IPS Conference Management • Forthcoming events with ICO participation • 2012 IPS Co-Sponsored Calendar • 2013 IEEE ITMC – Call for papers

24 Publications ...... 39 • Photonics Journal Flyer • Call for Papers: – JSTQE: Semiconductor Lasers – JSTQE: Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices – JSTQE: Graphene Optoelectronics

COLUMNS

Editor’s Column ...... 2 President’s Column ...... 3

October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 1 Editor’s IEEE Photonics Society Column HON TSANG President Newsletter Staff Hideo Kuwahara Executive Editor Fujitsu Laboratories An important area of applications, driving the research Hon K. Tsang 4-1-1, Kamikodanaka, Nakahara Department of Electronic Engineering that has led to many of the advances in photonics in the Kawasaki, 211-8588, Japan The Chinese University of Hong Kong Tel: +81 44 754 2068 last thirty years is optical communications. The advances Shatin, Hong Kong Fax: +81 44 754 2580 Tel: +852 - 39438254 in fiber optic networks have sustained the exponential Email: [email protected] Fax: +852 - 26035558 growth of both the internet and today’s mobile 3G and Past President Email: [email protected] 4G networks. Although many research funding agen- James Coleman Dept of E & C Engineering Associate Editor of Asia cies today regard optical communications as a relatively University of Illinois & Pacific mature technology, and place higher priority on other 208 N. Wright Street Christina Lim Urbana, IL 81801-2355 Department of Electrical & application areas which may have more impact to soci- Tel: +217 333 2555 Electronic Engineering ety, there is still room for some quite interesting research Email: [email protected] The University of Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia in optical communications. In this month’s research Secretrary-Treasurer Tel: +61-3-8344-4486 highlights section we look at a couple of promising new Dalma Novak Email: [email protected] Pharad, LLC directions in optical communications. Spatial division 797 Cromwell Park Drive Associate Editor of Canada multiplexing is attracting interest as one of the possible Suite V Lawrence R. Chen Glen Burnie, MD 21061 Department of Electrical & approaches to increase transmission capacity even when Tel: +410 590 3333 Computer Engineering all the possible wavelengths in a dense wavelength di- Email: [email protected] McConnell Engineering Building, Rm 633 vision multiplexing (DWDM) fiber link are fully used. Executive Director Richard Linke McGill University The first paper in the Research Highlights section of this IEEE Photonics Society 3480 University St. month describes spatial division multiplexing (SDM) 445 Hoes Lane Montreal, Quebec Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331 Canada H3A-2A7 may be used in few mode fibers and the use of digital Tel: +1 732 562 3891 Tel: +514 398 1879 signal processing (DSP) techniques to recover the trans- Fax: +1 732 562 8434 Fax: 514 398 3127 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] mitted signals. Today wifi networks are a ubiquitous Board of Governors Associate Editor of Europe/ part of our daily lives. The second paper in the Research P. A n d rek so n A . K i r k Mid East/Africa Highlights section describes an interesting possible al- Y. Arakawa F. Koyama Kevin A. Williams S. Bigo J. McInerney Eindhoven University of Technology ternative to wifi for wireless networks. The approach, J. Capmany L. Nelson Inter-University Research Institute based on the modulation of visible light from light emit- M. Glick D. Novak COBRA on Communication P. J uod a w l k i s P. Sm ow to n ting diodes used for room lighting, is still in its early Technology Vice Presidents Department of Electrical infancy but already the application of DSP techniques Conferences - K. Choquette Engineering have been shown to allow useful data bandwidths to be Finance & Administration – C. Jagadish PO Box 513 Membership & Regional 5600 MB Eindhoven, achieved using of direct modulation of LEDs for general Activities – J. Kash The Netherlands lighting. In the Career’s section of the Newsletter, IEEE Publications – B. Tkach Email: [email protected] Technical Affairs – T. Koch Life Fellow Gus Gaynor shares his experience on the im- Staff Editor Lisa Manteria portance of conversation in leadership and management. IEEE Photonics Society Gus Gaynor is currently also the VP of publications for 445 Hoes Lane the IEEE Technology Management Council (TMC). If, Piscataway, NJ 08854 Tel: 1 732 465 6662 like me, you were unfamiliar with IEEE TMC, you will Fax: 1 732 981 1138 find some interesting information about the TMC in the Email: [email protected] URL after this article, for example IEEE Photonics Soci- IEEE prohibits discrimination, harassment, and bullying. For more information, visit http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/whatis/policies/p9-26.html. ety is one of the 14 member societies in the TMC. In the Conference section, Gary Smith highlights some of the IEEE Photonics Society News (USPS 014-023) is published bimonth- talks from the summer topical meeting on High Power ly by the Photonics Society of the Institute of Electrical and Lasers held in Seattle in July. January 2013 will mark the Electronics Engineers, Inc., Corporate Office: 3 Park Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10017-2394. Printed in the USA. One dollar per 50th anniversary of IEEE and we will have a special sec- member per year is included in the Society fee for each member tion in the next issue of the newsletter to commemorate of the Photonics Society. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address this anniversary. I hope you enjoy this month’s articles changes to Photonics Society Newsletter, IEEE, 445 Hoes Lane, and as always, we welcome any comments and sugges- Piscataway, NJ 08854. tions on we may improve the Newsletter! Copyright © 2012 by IEEE: Permission to copy without fee all or part of any material without a copyright notice is granted pro- Hon Tsang vided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct com- mercial advantage, and the title of the publication and its date appear on each copy. To copy material with a copyright notice requires specific permission. Please direct all inquiries or requests to IEEE Copyrights Office.

2 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012 President’s Column HIDEO KUWAHARA

Photonics Technology is Wide Ranging access megajournal spanning all IEEE fields of interest. Our Recently I read an article in a premier Japanese newspaper IPS already has Photonics Journal, the first open access journal focusing on recent rapid progress in the area of optogenetics, in the IEEE, which now will become a full OA and promote where optical signals are used to observe and manipulate the rapid publication. behavior of neurons in the brain. Recent experimental analysis It was also interesting for me during the June TAB gather- using mice was reported, and a specific memory from the past ing to attend a meeting of Life Sciences Council, in which our could be recalled in mice brains via light stimulation. Com- IPS is participating. Photonics Journal is one of the journals re- pared with conventional methods of stimulation using electric lated to Life Sciences Council. Bio- and medical photonics are signals, the new approach was observed to be better in clarify- also becoming important area in the LSC, e.g., several groups ing the effects on each neuron. Optogenetics will be effective around the world have recently tested prototypes of artificial for gradually clarifying mechanisms in the brain, and it is also vision systems based on the principle of electrical activation of expected to be effective for curing some diseases. Photonics the retina. I hear such technologies have progressed much re- technology is becoming a powerful tool in this area as well. cently, and are becoming powerful and important means at the Another article introduced the recent progress of artificial intersection of life sciences and engineering technology. photosynthesis using semiconductors which can fabricate or- On the occasion of the IEEE TAB June meeting in Bos- ganic compounds from water, CO2 and sunlight, with com- ton, I also had a chance to attend the IEEE Honors Ceremony, parable efficiency to plants used for biomass. This would be which recognized innovations and accomplishments that have a significant step towards a solution that contributes to sup- changed the world or rendered meritorious service to humanity pressing global warming and the exhaustion of fossil fuel en- in IEEE’s designated FOI. Relating to our photonics technol- ergy, while also helping to realize a society that relies solely on ogy, high performance solar cell technology was recognized. recycled energy. IEEE Global History Network: As you probably know, As you can see, “photonics” covers a very wide technology IEEE was founded on January 1, 1963, through the merger of area. I also feel recently, however, that the recognition of this the AIEE (founded 1884) and IRE (founded 1912). So 2012 word is still not very high among the general public. Though is IEEE’s 50th year, and we’re celebrating it modestly, focus- they know the word “photo”, some explanation is required ing primarily on honoring those members who have been with when we talk about “photonics”. So I want to encourage you, us continuously since the beginning. Please visit the IEEE as IPS members, to play a role in propagating and bring greater Global History Network (GHN)’s website (www.ieeeghn.org). familiarity to the concept of photonics by publishing compre- IPS is also celebrating our loyal members of 50 years in our hensive papers, and so on. I also think IPS should play a role in IPS Newsletter and website. In our technical area of photonics, volunteering to publicly advocate the value of photonics serv- this year we are celebrating 50 years of semiconductor lasers, ing in our daily lives. This kind of activity will promote the which were first demonstrated in 1962. This year is also the recognition of photonics and entrepreneurship in this technol- 40th anniversary of the single mode semiconductor laser, and a ogy area. symposium celebrating it will be held in Japan on November 6th at Tokyo Institute of Technology, sponsored by IEEE Pho- IEEE TAB Meeting and Several Topics tonics Society Japan Chapter. The IEEE TAB (Technical Activities Board) meeting is held A new joint Chapter, the IEEE Central Illinois Section Geo- three times a year. I attended the 2nd TAB meeting this year science & Remote Sensing Society and Photonics Society, has held in Boston in June. Active discussions on various topics been formed, effective June 25, 2012. The addition of Solid- were held, as usual, such as on adjustments to proposed changes State Circuits Society to the IEEE South Africa Section Elec- to FOI (Fields of Interest) of several Societies and the approval tron Devices, Photonics, and Circuits & Systems Joint Societies of newly appointed IEEE officers. TAB takes full advantage of has also been approved. IT technologies in its operations including by distributing and Prof. Chennupati Jagadish, serving IPS VP Finance & Ad- rapid updating of presentation materials through WiFi, and ministration, received the 2012 ECS Electronics and Photonics by using electronic voting system equipped with the ability Award. By the time this column is published, our flagship IPC to immediately display results, in addition to off-line commu- conference in Burlingame, CA, will be held, and several IPS nications among participants through the means of SMS. One awards will be presented to distinguished recipients. significant and heavy discussion was on the topic of open ac- cess (OA), or author-pays publications. All IEEE publications With warm wishes, now have an open-access option, i.e., a hybrid of author-pays Hideo Kuwahara content and traditional subscriber-based content. This time Fellow the TAB approved the creation of a rapid-publication, open Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd.

October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 3 Research Highlights Space-Division Multiplexing for Optical Communications William Shieh, An Li, Abdullah Al Amin, and Xi Chen Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia

I. Introduction sion [2–4], and free-space optical communications using or- Single-mode fiber (SMF) has been the de facto medium for bital angular momentum multiplexing [14]. In this report, high-capacity data transmission for over three decades. How- we here focus on the SDM systems using FMF. In particu- ever, the exponential growth of internet traffic at about 2 lar, we will elucidate the overall system architecture, critical dB per annum could exhaust the available capacity of SMF components and sub-system modules for MDM transmission. in the near future [1]. Consequently, there has been an in- tense research effort in space-division multiplexing (SDM) II. SDM System Architecture based on multi-core fiber (MCF) [ 2–4] or multi-mode fiber The architecture of N × N SDM transmission system is illus- (MMF) [ 5–7] to overcome the barrier from capacity limit of trated in Fig. 1. The signals are first generated by N transmit- SMF. Compared with the standard MMF that supports over a ters. Mode multiplexing of the N signals is achieved using the hundred modes making it extremely difficult to receive and spatial-mode multiplexer (S-MUX). The signals carried by dif- process the optical signal, few-mode fiber (FMF) (support- ferent spatial modes are then launched into the FMF. During ing a small number of modes) has the potential to signifi- the transmission, all the modes on the same wavelengths are to cantly reduce the system complexity to a manageable level be processed as an entity as an SDM superchannel, namely, they [8]. Namely, using FMF has the advantage of better mode are amplified, dropped and added at the same time without in- selectivity and easier management of the mode impairments. dividual mode processing. After transmission over FMF, the re- By utilizing mode-division multiplexing (MDM) and multi- ceived signals are then mode demultiplexed by a spatial-mode ple-input multiple-output (MIMO) digital signal processing demultiplexer (S-DMUX). The demultiplexed signals are then (DSP) techniques, it is expected that N spatial modes in a detected by N coherent receivers. The signals are then convert- FMF can support N times the capacity of a SMF. The feasi- ed from optical-to-electrical domain, electrically sampled with bility of using MDM and MIMO in FMF transmission has high speed ADCs, and finally processed using a DSP module. recently been demonstrated by several groups [5–7, 9–13]. MIMO algorithm is used for compensating the mode coupling In these experiments, MDM is achieved in two-mode fiber and/or crosstalk in the channel that may be introduced at (TMF, the simplest of FMFs) with different combinations of S-MUX/DEMUX or inside the FMF. It is expected that if the supported modes, e.g., LP01 and LP11 modes [5, 6, 9], two MUX/DEDUX has a unitary transfer function with a rank of degenerate LP11 mo des (LP11a + LP11b) [10], and even all three N equal to the number of modes supported in a SDM fiber, the modes (LP01 + LP11a + LP11b) [7, 11–13]. We also note that channel capacity can be increased by a factor of N times that of there has been exciting progress on SDM in MCF transmis- single mode syst em [15].

Ch1 Co-Rx

Spatial Spatial × Ch2 SDM Co-Rx N N Mode OADM Mode MIMO MUX DEMUX SDM Fiber SDM Fiber DSP . . . .

Chn Co-Rx Drop Add

Figure 1. Architecture of an N # N SDM transmission system utilizing coherent MIMO digital signal processing. MUX/DEMUX: multiplexer/demultiplexer, Co-Rx: coherent receive r.

4 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012 III. Subsystem and Component Design 1.480 A. Two-Mode Fiber Design and Characterization Core 1.470 LP01 LP LP 01 The simplest method to make a TMF is to design a step-index eff 11 LP profile with the V number (normalized frequency) above the 1.460 Cladding 11 Index n single-mode condition (V 2 2.4) and also below the triple- Refractive 1.450 0 5.95 54.5 mode condition (V 1 3.8). The TMF we design and fabricated Radius (μm) [5] is a customized Ge-doped step-index fiber with a core di- 1.440

# Effective Index n ameter of 11.9 nm, nominal refractive index step (Δn) of 5.4 1.430 –3 LP LP LP 10 , LP11 mode cutoff wavelength of 2323 nm and loss of 11a 11b 01 Cut-off 1.420 0.26 dB/km. It has a normalized frequency of V = 3.62. Fig. 2 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 shows the simulated modal index vs. wavelength profile based Wavelength (μm) on the parameters of the TMF we designed. The three images at the bottom of Fig. 2 are measured modal profiles for LP01 Figure 2. Effective modal indices for the LP01 and LP11 modes of mode and two degenerate LP11 modes. the custom-designed TMF. The inset at the top right shows the The DMD and loss parameter a can be further reduced in a step-index profile of the TMF. future optimized fabrication. A few other groups have also de- veloped FMF with improved performances [6–7]. Very recent- ly a novel TMF fiber is designed with low-DMD, low-mode coupling and low-loss TMF using a graded-index core and LP double cladding structure [16] as shown in Fig. 3. The graded- 01 index core design helps reducing the DMD, and the trenched LP11 cladding structure facilitate low loss for LP11 modes. The DMD between LP01 and LP11 is measured as small as 0.076 ps/m, and Refractive Index loss for both LP01 and LP11 is lower than 0.2 dB/km. Radius B. Long-period Fiber Grating (LPFG)-based Mode Converter Figure 3. Refractive index profile of the OFS-designed low The main purpose of a mode converter (MC) is to convert opti- DMD, low mode coupling and low loss two-mode fiber [16]. cal signals from LP01 to higher order mode (e.g., LP11 mode) and vice versa. In a LPFG-based MC, mode conversion can be MC can also achieve mode conversion between LP11a and LP11b feasibly realized through a periodic grating structure induced modes if the effective refraction indices of the two degenerate by for example, mechanical pressure on a TMF. In a TMF, LP11 modes are well separated. A possible solution is to use an where literally only two mode (LP01 and LP11) are supported, elliptical-core TMF (e-TMF) as described in [17]. the resonant coupling happens when the grating pitch K equals

to the beating length LB = 2r/(b01 – b11), where b01/b11 is the C. Free-s pace Mode MUX/DEMUX propagation constant of the LP01/LP11 modes. The S-MUX/DMUX performs the critical function of mode Fig. 4 shows the physical design of our LPFG based MC. multiplexing and de-multiplexing. Fig. 5 shows a recently The TMF used in MC is same as the transmission fiber (see demonstrated low-loss mode multiplexer achieved by illumi-

Sec tion A) with mode beat length LB of 524 nm. The coupling nating the end facet of the TMF at three appropriately-placed efficiency is known to be depending on the coupling length spots from SMF [13]. Each spot generally excites multiple and radius of core deformation. Due to unavailability of such modes. As long as the three spots are symmetrically placed metal gratings with high precision grooves, we use commer- around the center and the amount of power coupled from a cially available metal gratings with low accuracy groove spacing (roughly ~0.5 mm) and tune grating pitch by adjusting the fib- er angle. Two MCs with nominal 50% (MC1) and 100% (MC2) LP01 LP conversion ratio are made in [5]. The performance of MC2 is 11

reasonable with 17 and 22 dB modal extinction ratio (ER) for LP11 LP01 LP11 mode for the worst and best polarizations, respectively (at 1550 nm). The modal extinction ratio (ER) is defined as the TMF

ratio between the power in LP11 mode and the power in LP01

mode. The insertion loss is around 2~3 dB (LP01 + LP11). In [10] we have fabricated another 4 mode converters, all with nominal Metallic Grating 100% conversion ratio. Measurement results in [10] confirms that for all MCs (MC1-MC4), the ERs of LP11 mode can be Pressure maintained beyond 20 dB with small polarization dependence and low insertion losses of 1.5~2.5 dB for a 13-nm wavelength Figure 4. Schematic diagram of a LPFG based LP01/LP11 mode range centered at 1551 nm. Theoretically the LPFG-based converter.

October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 5 M4 SMF Port 0 Periscope M2 M3 SMF Side View Port 1

f2 FMF f1 M1 M2 SMF Lenses Sharp Sharp Port 2 M1 Edge M3 Edge

(a) Spot Generation (b) SMUX (c) Mode Profile (154 km)

Figure 5. (a) Spot generation using mirrors with sharp edges. (b) Experimental setup of the low-loss mode coupler. (c) Mode profile at the end facet of 154-km hybrid FMF [13].

of 3.95, 3.85, and 3.7 dB for the 3 ports of the S-MUX are Thin-Film Filter 1 reported [13]. Such a mode multiplexer can be scaled up to support more modes by using larger number of appropriately- Drop In placed spots, but coupling from each spot to each mode needs to be meticulously engineered to guarantee that the coupling θ = 5° matrix is still unitary and has low mode dependent loss (MDL). Collimator Tilt Collimator Stage D. Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer Design In future long-haul FMF transmission systems, similar to the Add Through trends in single mode fiber (SMF)-based optical networks, Thin-Film Filter 2 the capacity scaling will be achieved by wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). In such systems, reconfigurable optical Figure 6. Schematic diagram of a two-mode OADM. add-drop multiplexers (ROADM) that support all propagation modes will be a key element for realizing flexible network- ing. As a first step towards such ROADMs, we have recently

single spot into LP01 and the alternative LP11a + LP11b is exactly proposed a few-mode compatible optical add/drop multiplexer the same, the coupling matrix between the three spots and the (OADM) and demonstrated add/drop functionality with MDM FMF modes is unitary, which guarantees no capacity loss after transmission [19]. The architecture of the FMF compatible MIMO digital signal processing. In practice, insertion losses OADM can be similar to their SMF counterparts, considering

Dichroic Mirror λ MMFin MMF MMFout s EDFA Signal Module

Attenuator LP01

LP11a λ p Mode Pump LP11b Source Combiner

LPmn

Collimating Lens

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of a MM-EDFA [22].

6 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012 the fact that mode dependence of beam divergence angle in a FMF to be small, which ensures a practical implementation Bundled Multi-core Multi-mode Parameter Fiber (BF) fiber (MCF) fiber (MMF) of OADM using free-space components. Such OADMs can Can be as Can be as be miniaturized and the number of input/output ports can Fiber Loss Standard be scaled up by using well-established technologies such as low as SMF low as SMF Effective Core Small or MEMS and LCOS [18]. In our recent work [19], we design Standard Large Area standard and build a two-mode compatible free-space OADM using col- Intra-Mode Standard or Standard Low limators and a pair of thin-film filter (TFFs). Nonlinearity high Fig. 6 shows the OADM architecture. The TFFs act as a Inter-Mode Low to No Low band-pass filter in transmission mode and as a notch-filter in Nonlinearity medium the reflection mode. We use double reflection in order to suf- Low to high, Mode Coupling/ No Medium can be ficiently suppress the drop channel in output, which would oth- Crosstalk erwise serve as in-band crosstalk for the add channel. We tilt the optimized TFFs by 5° in order to achieve lateral separation of the in/add No. of Amplifiers N N 1 and drop/through ports in the double reflection configuration. No. of ROADMs NN1 The 5° tilt launch also prevents any parasitic reflection from Special splicer, Easy, low Fusion Splicing Easy, low loss the drop or add ports from accumulating multiple reflections. possibly high loss loss E. Few-Mode Amplifier Design Medium to Low to Few-mode amplifier is another critical component when DSP Complexity Low high, MIMO medium the accumulated power loss is significant, e.g., in long-haul needed multi-span FMF transmission. Currently there are two report- # As low as Cost N SMF Can be low # ed methods to achieve few-mode amplification, multimode 1 SMF Interconnect, Interconnect, erbium-doped fiber amplifier (MM-EDFA) and multi-mode Application Long reach Long reach Long reach Raman amplifier [20–24]. The setup of a possible inline MM- EDFA is depicted in Fig. 7 Table 1. Comparison of different SDM approaches In order to generate the desired pump intensity profile, the pump source is first split into N paths, and are converted to a the high-capacity optical networks in the last three decades. number of high-order modes using LPFG-based MCs proposed In the search for higher information capacity, the research in section III.B or phase plate based MCs proposed in [6] or [7]. community is making great progress in the exploration of The variable attenuators on each path control the power distri- emerging fiber technologies based on both MCF and MMF. bution of pump on modes, and minimize the mode-dependant Many challenges from component to system level are to be gain (MDG) of the MM-EDFA. The pump modes are then colli- overcome before these novel fibers can be eventually deployed mated, spatially combined with the signal using free-space mode in the field. Ultimately whether MCF or MMF can replace combiner similar to the one we proposed in section C with an ad- conventional SMF will be determined by whether they can ditional dichroic mirror, which are then focused into a FMF and significantly bring down the overall cost of future high- injected into the erbium-doped MMF. Following this concept, capacity optical networks. recently a reconfigurable multimode pump has been proposed to excite a MM-EDFA so that by varying the mode content of the References pump the MDG can be controlled [22]. The main idea of this 1. R. W. Tkach, “Scaling Optical Communications for the reconfigurable multimode pump configuration is by adjusting Next Decade and Beyond,” Bell Labs Technical Journal,

relative amount of LP01,p and LP21,p, the gains of the LP01,s and vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 3–9, 2010.

LP 11,s signal modes can be equalized, where subscripts ‘s’ and ‘p’ 2. T. Hayashi, T. Taru, O. Shimakawa, T. Sasaki, and E. denote for s- and p- polarization states. Sasaoka, “Ultra-Low-Crosstalk Multi-Core Fiber Feasible to Ultra-Long-Haul Transmission,” in Optical Fiber Com- IV. Comparison of SDM Techniques munication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical A comparison of SDM techniques is summarized in Table 1 Society of America, 2011), paper PDPC2, (2011). based on devices and techniques currently available. We can 3. J. Sakaguchi, Y. Awaji, N. Wada, A. Kanno, T. Kawani- see that, despite of its disadvantages like high complexity due shi, T. Hayashi, T. Taru, T. Kobayashi, and M. Watanabe, to the MIMO algorithm, SDM technique based on FMF has “109-Tb/s (7#97#172-Gb/s SDM/WDM/PDM) QPSK many advantages such as reduced number of devices (amplifier, transmission through 16.8-km homogeneous multi-core ROADM), and most importantly, the N times channel capac- fiber,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Tech- ity that can enable future Terabit and beyond optical networks. nical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2011), pa- per PDPB6. V. Conclusion 4. J. Sakaguchi, B.J. Puttnam, W. Klaus, Y. Awaji, N. We have highlighted the overall system architecture, criti- Wada, A. Kanno, T. Kawanishi, K. Imamura, H. Inaba, cal components, and sub-system modules for realizing SDM K. Mukasa, R. Sugizaki, T. Kobayashi, M. Watanabe, transmission over novel FMF. SMF has been entrenched in “19-core fiber transmission of 19#100#172-Gb/s

October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 7 SDM-WDM-PDM-QPSK signals at 305Tb/s,” in Opti- 14. J. Wang, J.Y. Yang, I. M. Fazal, N. Ahmed, Y. Yan, H. cal Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Di- Huang, Y. X. Ren, Y. Yue, S. Dolinar, M. Tur, A. E. Will- gest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2012), paper ner, “Terabit free-space data transmission employing or- PDP5C.2, (2012). bital angular momentum multiplexing,” Nature Photon- 5. A. Li, A. Al Amin, X. Chen, and W. Shieh, “Reception of ics, vol. 6, Issue: 7, pp. 488–496, 2012. Mode and Polarization Multiplexed 107-Gb/s CO-OFDM 15. T. Morioka, Y. Awaji, R. Ryf, P. Winzer, D. Richardson, F. Signal over a Two-Mode Fiber,” in Optical Fiber Commu- Poletti, “Enhancing optical communications with brand nication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical new fibers,” Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 50, no.2, Society of America, 2012), paper PDPB8. pp.s31–s42, (2012). 6. M. Salsi, C. Koebele, D. Sperti, P. Tran, P. Brindel, H. 16. L. Gruner-Nielsen, Y. Sun, J. W. Nicholson, D. Jakobsen, Mardoyan, S. Bigo, A. Boutin, F. Verluise, P. Sillard, R. Lingle, and B. Palsdottir, “Few Mode Transmission Fiber M. Bigot-Astruc, L. Provost, F. Cerou, and G. Charlet, with low DGD, low Mode Coupling and low Loss,” in Op- “Transmission at 2#100Gb/s, over Two Modes of 40km- tical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest long Prototype Few-Mode Fiber, using LCOS based Mode (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2012), paper PDP5A.1. Multiplexer and Demultiplexer,” in Optical Fiber Commu- 17. A. Li, A. A. Amin and W. Shieh, “Design of a broadband

nication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical LP11 spatial mode combiner”, Proc. SPIE 8309, 83091B, Society of America, 2011), paper PDPB9. (2011). 7. R. Ryf, S. Randel, A. H. Gnauck, C. Bolle, R. Essiambre, 18. S. Tibuleac and M. Filer, “Transmission Impairments in P. Winzer, D. W. Peckham, A. McCurdy, and R. Lingle, DWDM Networks With Reconfigurable Optical Add- “Space-division multiplexing over 10 km of three-mode Drop Multiplexers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 28, 557–568, fiber using coherent 6 × 6 MIMO processing,” in Opti- (2010). cal Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest 19. X. Chen, A. Li, J. Ye, A. Al Amin, and W. Shieh, “Recep- (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2011), paper PDPB10. tion of Dual-LP11-Mode CO-OFDM Signals through Few- 8. W. Shieh, “High spectral efficiency coherent optical OFDM mode Compatible Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer,” in Op- for 1 Tb/s Ethernet transport,” Optical Fibre Communica- tical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest tion Conference National Fibre Optic Engineers Conference (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2012), paper PDP5B.4. OFC-NFOEC’2009, paper OWW1, San Diego, USA, 2009. 20. Y. Yung, S. Alam, Z. Li, A. Dhar, D. Giles, I. Giles, J. 9. N. Hanzawa, K. Saitoh, T. Sakamoto, T. Matsui, S. To- Sahu, L. Grüner-Nielsen, F. Poletti, and D. Richardson, mita, and M. Koshiba, “Demonstration of mode-division “First demonstration of multimode amplifier for spatial multiplexing transmission over 10 km two-mode fiber division multiplexed transmission systems,” in 37th Eu- with mode coupler,” in Optical Fiber Communication ropean Conference and Exposition on Optical Communications, Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, of America, 2011), paper OWA4. 2011), paper Th.13.K.4. 10. A. Al Amin, A. Li, S. Chen, X. Chen, G. Gao, and W. 21. E. Ip, N. Bai, Y. Huang, E. Mateo, F. Yaman, S. Bickham, Shieh, “Dual-LP11 mode 4#4 MIMO-OFDM transmis- H. Tam, C. Lu, M. Li, S. Ten, A. P. T. Lau, V. Tse, G. sion over a two-mode fiber,” Opt. Express 19, 16672- Peng, C. Montero, X. Prieto, and G. Li, “88#3#112-Gb/ 16679 (2011). s WDM Transmission over 50-km of Three-Mode Fiber 11. N.K. Fontaine, C. R. Doerr, M.A. Mestre, R. Ryf, with Inline Multimode Fiber Amplifier,” in 37th Euro- P. Winzer, L. Buhl, Y. Sun, X. Jiang, and R. Lingle, pean Conference and Exposition on Optical Communications, “Space-division multiplexing and all-optical MIMO OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, demultiplexing using a photonic integrated circuit,” 2011), paper Th.13.C.2. in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical 22. N. Bai, E. Ip, T. Wang, and G. Li, “Multimode fiber ampli- Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2012), paper fier with tunable modal gain using a reconfigurable mul- PDP5B.1. timode pump,” Opt. Express 19, 16601-16611, (2011). 12. S. Randel, R. Ryf, A. Gnauck, M.A. Mestre, C. Schmidt, 23. N. Bai, E. Ip, Y.-K. Huang, E. Mateo, F. Yaman, M.- R. Essiambre, P. Winzer, R. Delbue, P. Pupalaikis, A. J. Li, S.Bickham, S. Ten, J. Liñares, C. Montero, V. Sureka, Y. Sun, X. Jiang, and R. Lingle, “Mode-multi- Moreno, X. Prieto, V. Tse, K. M. Chung, A. P. T. Lau, plexed 6#20-GBd QPSK Transmission over 1200-km H.-Y. Tam, C. Lu, Y. Luo, G.-D. Peng, G. Li, and T. DGD-Compensated Few-Mode Fiber,” in Optical Fiber Wang, “Mode-division multiplexed transmission with Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) inline few-mode fiber amplifier,” Opt. Express 20, (Optical Society of America, 2012), paper PDP5C.5. 2668–2680 (2012). 13. R. Ryf, M.A. Mestre, A. Gnauck, S. Randel, C. Schmidt, 24. R. Ryf, A. Sierra, R. Essiambre, S. Randel, A. Gnauck, C. R. Essiambre, P. Winzer, R. Delbue, P. Pupalaikis, A. A. Bolle, M. Esmaeelpour, P. J. Winzer, R. Delbue, P. Pu- Sureka, Y. Sun, X. Liang, D. Peckham, A.H. McCurdy, palaikis, A. Sureka, D. Peckham, A. McCurdy, and R. Lin- and R. Lingle, “Low-Loss Mode Coupler for Mode-Multi- gle, “Mode-Equalized Distributed Raman Amplification in plexed transmission in Few-Mode Fiber,” in Optical Fiber 137-km Few-Mode Fiber,” in 37th European Conference and Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) Exposition on Optical Communications, OSA Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2012), paper PDP5B.5. (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2011), paper Th.13.K.5.

8 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012 Research Highlights Digital Signal Processing for Light Emitting Diode Based Visible Light Communication C. W. Chow1, C. H. Yeh2, Y. Liu3, and Y. F. Liu1

Abstract—The realization of enhanced efficiency light emit- LED can be modulated at higher speeds (~MHz) than the tra- ting diodes (LED) and the trend to lower costs of LED light- ditional lighting sources, such as fluorescent lamps. Hence, it ing systems will facilitate their wider deployment in many is possible to use the LED lighting for visible light communi- applications. LED lighting system with the value-added cation (VLC) for in-building optical wireless networks. VLC functionality of optical wireless communication enables the transmission power comes effectively free as it is already used deployment of a communication system with very little extra for illumination. The development of LED-based VLC solution cost. Visible light communication (VLC) provides the mer- is thus very attractive. its of secure information exchange, harmlessness to human VLC can provide many transmission advantages. Being body, and excellent applicability in some radio-frequency an optical wireless technology, VLC can provide a cable free (RF) restricted areas. In this work, we review some recent environment. Fig. 1 shows the wireless smart home, where advances in VLC. We discuss the challenges faced by the VLC the triple-play services (TV, phone, Internet) can be provided and some possible solutions. We discuss and show that using using VLC. It can be a secure link between mobile devices, digital signal processing (DSP) can significantly enhance the since the light beam is visible, users can securely limit the cov- VLC performance. erage of data broadcast by controlling the area of illumination, unlike WiFi signals which may leak out to adjacent rooms or I. Introduction buildings. In addition as the optical power does not penetrate The combination of power efficiency improvements and cost through walls, there is no interference with users in other reduction in light emitting diodes (LEDs) has expanded the rooms. VLC is the only solution for wireless network in some deployment of LED to a variety of applications, such as traffic areas where radio frequency (RF) communication is prohibited. light, automobile lights, display backlights and as well both It can be used in hospital or in an aircraft for example without in-door and out-door general lighting. LED has the advantages producing electromagnetic interference. of high power efficiency, rigid, compact size, long lifetime, The paper is organized as follow. In Section II, we will brief- and easy integration in different products. In the near future, ly mention some recent developments in VLC from around the LED will gradually replace traditional incandescent and fluo- world. In Section III, we will discuss the challenges faced by rescent lamps for general lighting applications. When com- the VLC. Then in Section IV, we will discuss our recent work pared with the traditional incandescent light, LED consumes on the use of digital signal processing (DSP) to enhance VLC less than half the energy at the same lumens output. Recently, performance. Finally, a conclusion will be provided in Section V. the power efficiency of LED has surpassed that of fluorescent lamps, making it one of the most energy efficient lighting II. Worldwide VLC Activities sources in the market. The major LED suppliers (Cree, Nichia, Since more and more LEDs are deployed to perform the prima- Osram, Lumileds, etc…) are competing to improve their LED ry function of lighting, the value-added communication func- output performances. For example, Cree reported achieving a tion can be realized at very little extra cost. Recently, VLC is a power efficacy of 254 lm/W under standard room temperature rapidly growing research topic. The Japan-based Visible Light testing at 350 mA in April 2012 [1]. Besides, LED is gener- Communication Consortium (VLCC) [3] was formed in 2002 to ally regarded as an eco-light source. It can reduce the emission of global warming gases since less electricity is consumed. It is estimated an installation of more than 20,000 street lights in Chongqing, China, can produce annual cost savings in VLC to PC maintenance and electricity of more than USD 3 million and VLC to TV (Internet) 17.6 million kWh [2]. VLC to Phone LED has unique characteristics which make possible new applications not possible with other kinds of light sources. The

1 Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, (Taiwan) 2 Information and Communications Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), (Taiwan) 3 Hong Kong Productivity Council (HKPC), (Hong Kong) Figure 1. VLC can provide a cable free environment.

October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 9 publicize VLC. In the United States, the Center for Ubiquitous III. Challenges of VLC Communication by Light (UC-Light) funded by the University of California (UC) system has been established [4]. It is to en- A. Data Rate able wireless communications by embedding signals into the There are two major types of device structures for white LED light emitted by next-generation LED in systems for illumina- for use in general lighting. The first type consists of a blue tion, traffic control, advertising, and other purposes. Besides, LED chip with a phosphor layer coated on top of it. When the Smart Lighting Engineering Research Center [5] has been electric current is applied to the LED chip, blue light is emit- established to develop new technologies of optical wireless ted and part of it is absorbed by the phosphor to generate sec- access to the internet with energy savings. In Europe, the OME- ond color—yellow light. The combination of blue and yellow GA Project [6] funded by the European Commission under the lights results in white light. The other type of LED is fabri- Seventh Research Framework Programme (FP7) has been start- cated by mixing light from the three primary colored chips ed in 2008. Its aim is to develop a home area network capable of (RGB). Three chips emit each color simultaneously and at the delivering high-bandwidth services and content at a transmis- output white light is produced. The phosphor white LED has sion speed of one Gigabit per second. It consists of 20 European the advantage of low cost. However, the nature of phosphor partners from industry and academia. An IEEE standard (IEEE light conversion makes it unsuitable for high speed direct 802.15.7—Short-Range Wireless Optical Communication Us- modulation because the response time of phosphor is much ing Visible Light) has been finalized in 2011 [7], enhancing the lower than the LED chip, and the direct modulation speed is prospects for commercializing the VLC technology. It covers usually limited to a few MHz. This disadvantage has moti- both the physical layer (PHY) air interface and the medium- vated some research to improve the direct modulation speed of access control (MAC). The MAC layer supports three multiple the white LED. access topologies; peer-to-peer, star configuration and broadcast One of the approaches to improve the direct modulation mode, while the PHY layer is divided into three types: PHY I speed is to use a blue optical filter at the Rx to remove the (designed for outdoor, data rates: 11.67–266.6 kb/s), PHY II slow response yellow light. However, this introduces a power (designed for indoor, data rates: 1.25–96 Mb/s) and PHY III penalty as energy in the visible optical spectrum except the blue (designed for applications where RGB source and receiver (Rx) are blocked and hence limits the VLC transmission distances. are used, data rates: 12–96 Mb/s). Pre-equalization and/or post-equalization of the LED can be used. 40 Mb/s and 80 Mb/s pre-equalized on-off-keying (OOK) transmissions without and with using optical blue filter; and 100 Mb/s post-equalized OOK have been reported 1 0 in ref. [8], [9] and [10] respectively. By optimizing the –1 electronic circuitry, a VLC link at 125 Mb/s at bit-error rate –2 1.281MHz MHz × -3 –3 (BER) below 2 10 can be achieved [11]. Instead of using –4 PIN Rx, avalanched photodiode (APD) can enhance the data –5 rate to 230 Mb/s [12]. –6 –7 Another approach to increase the modulation data rate is to –8 employ advanced modulation formats. Orthogonal frequency –9 –10 division multiplexing (OFDM) (a form of discrete multi-tone –11 (DMT)) can be used to improve the spectral efficiency [13]. Amplitude Response (dB) –12 By implementing the bit and power loading techniques of the –13 –14 subcarriers of the OFDM signal, 231 Mb/s (using PIN Rx) 103 104 105 106 and 513 Mb/s (using APD) can be achieved in ref. [14] and Frequency (Hz) [15] respectively. 803 Mb/s data rate VLC transmission has been demonstrated using RGB LEDs, which enable the use of Figure 2. Measured frequency response of a commercially avail- wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to carry different able phosphor-based LED. data in different color LEDs [16]. Besides using WDM, parallel data transmission in multiple LEDs using multi-input multi-output (MIMO) techniques can also increase the data R1 rate of the VLC link [17]. R V V V V i o i o B. Duplex Transmission C C R VLC is a broadcast communication, and providing an upstream 2 communication channel is challenging. Several approaches have been considered, such as using the infra-red (IR) or flash- (a) (b) light LED in the portable device for the upstream communica- tion. A retro-reflector can be used to modulate the incident Figure 3. Circuit models, (a) the VLC channel modeled as a low- light generating the upstream signal [18]. The use of radio- pass circuit and (b) the proposed equalizer modeled as a first- frequency (RF) to provide an upstream channel has also been order high-pass circuit. considered. At present there is no concrete conclusion as to

10 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012 which solution is the best, and further work is required to de- (PRBS) 210-1 data was applied to a single phosphor-based LED velop potential techniques and compare alternatives. (Cree, XLamp XR-E LED via an arbitrary waveform genera- tor (AWG). The bandwidth and the resolution of the AWG C. Dimming Control were 20 MHz and 14-bits respectively. The sampling rate is Another challenge in VLC is how to communicate when the 50 MSa/s. The LED was DC-biased at 2V with peak-to-peak lights are “off”. If the lights are usually “on”, VLC transmission signal modulation voltage from 0.1 to 0.5 V. A lens was used power comes free as it is already used for the illumination. to enhance directivity, and the free-space transmission distance However during daytime, people tend to switch off the room is 1 m. The visible signal is detected by a silicon-based PIN lights. In order to maintain the communication link, the LED Rx, amplified, and finally captured by a real-time oscilloscope should be “on”. In this case, similar to RF wireless communica- (RTO). The PIN Rx has the detection wavelength range of tions, the power consumed for the data transmission is not free. 350−1100 nm with responsivity of 0.65 A/W and active area of One technique that may be used is to reduce the LED bright- 13 mm2. It had a bandwidth of 17 MHz and the root mean ness to a level low enough so that people will accept that the square (rms) noise of 530 nV. The bandwidth of the RTO is light is “off” [19]. 100 MHz, with vertical resolution of 9-bit and sample rate of 1.25 GSa/s. The data is analyzed using 1700 bits. IV. Digital Signal Processing for the VLC White-light VLC system using phosphor-based LED is cost- effective when compared with the RGB white-light LED; how- ever the slow response of the phosphor limits the direct modu- lation speed. Fig. 2 shows frequency response of a commercially Lens Arbitrary Real Time available phosphor-based LED for lighting (Cree, XLamp XR-E Waveform Oscilloscope LED), showing a 3-dB bandwidth is 1.28 MHz. Hence the Generator transmission data rate will be limited to about 1 Mb/s if the LED Computer equalization scheme or advanced modulation is not used. PIN Rx First of all, we discuss using a simple digital post-equaliza- Module tion finite impulse response (FIR) equalizer to enhance the direct (a) modulation bandwidth. No optical blue filter is used. The ex- AWG perimental result shows about 10 times enhancement of the di- RTO rect modulation speed of white-light LED VLC system. When compared with the previous demonstration using high-pass equalization circuit constructed by lumped capacitor and resis- tor [20], this scheme shows an improvement in signal quality and transmission distance, and a 10 Mb/s error-free (BER 1 10-9) Tx (LED) transmission over a distance of 1 m was demonstrated. PIN Rx A simulation using the simple FIR equalizer to correct the VLC channel effect was performed. The electrical-to-optical- (b) to-electrical (E-O-E) channel of the VLC system can be mod- eled as a first-order RC low-pass circuit as shown in Fig. 3(a). Figure 4. (a) VLC experimental setup and (b) photograph of the The corresponding impulse response (time domain) of an ana- experiment. logue low-pass RC system can be written as: t Ht1 ()=-exp ( ) (1) RC –3 Then the designed equalizer can be modeled as a first-order high-pass circuit to compensate the channel response as shown –4 in Fig. 3(b). The transfer function (in frequency domain) of this (a) equalizer can be written as follow: –5

R2 Log (BER) –6 H2 ()~ = (2) R1 + R2 –7 (b) jCR~ 1 + 1 –8 In Eq. (1), the 1/RC is set to 1.28 MHz, which is the measured –9 –10 3-dB bandwidth of the system (as shown in Fig. 2). Eq. (2) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 was used to model the equalizer, and suitable parameters are Tx Peak-to-Peak Voltage (V) selected to compensate the EOE response of the VLC system. Experiments on VLC have been performed as shown in Figure 5. BER measured of the VLC system using the FIR equal- Fig. 4(a), with a photograph of the experimental setup as izer. Insets: eye-diagram (a) without the digital FIR equalizer shown in Fig. 4(b). A 10 Mb/s, pseudorandom binary sequence and (b) with the digital FIR equalizer.

October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 11 Coefficients of 3.5 Initial Setting

Binary 4-ASK Adaptively- Up-Sampling Sequence Mapping Controlled FIR Equalizer –2.5

Estimation of Zero Forcing Tx 11 11 Equalizer

01 01 Error Analysis VLC Channel 00 00

10 10 SRRC Filter Rx

Figure 6. The DPS flow diagram for the 4-ASK modulation.

digital filtering [21]. A 20 times enhancement of the direct ) modulation speed of white-light LED VLC system is demon- –3 strated by using digital filter only and without using optical blue filter. A digital filter and square root raised cosine (SRRC) –4 filter are used for signal equalization. Error-free transmission –5 (a) over a distance of 1 m was demonstrated. Fig. 6 shows the signal flow of 4-ASK modulation generation –6 using DSP. First, the binary sequence is mapped to 4-ASK Log (BER) –7 symbol which contains 4 different amplitude levels to represent –8 –9 2 bit/symbol. The up-sampling increases the sampling rate by –10 (b) inserting zeros between the original sample points. The digital –11 –12 FIR equalizer creates a frequency domain compensation for the 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 system channel response. The Tx, VLC channel and the Rx are Tx Peak-to-Peak Voltage (V) the same as discussed in previous experiment. A SRRC filter (roll of factor 0.25) is used after Rx. The adaptation process Figure 7. BER measured of the 4-ASK VLC system. Insets: eye- of adaptively-controlled FIR equalizer is to transmit a known diagram (a) without and (b) with using the proposed scheme. series of training symbols, and the received pattern is analyzed. The result is used for adjusting the FIR equalizer coefficients BER measurements were performed by using the measured in the next transmission. The estimation is based on FFT (Fast Q factors of the different eye-diagrams obtained at different Fourier transform) to estimate the zero forcing equalizer (ZFE) AC peak-to-peak signal voltages. For example the measured which is the updated FIR coefficients to invert the channel eye at 10 Mb/s is shown in Fig. 5. Inset of Fig. 5(a) shows response. The FIR filter has 13-taps denoted as h[t], with the measured eye-diagram without using the proposed FIR the initial setting of h[0] = 3.5, h[1] = 3.5, h[2] = –2.5, equalizer. The eye is completely closed due to the inter-symbol h[3] = –2.5, and otherwise h is zero. After 10 iterations, the interference (ISI) generated by the limited modulation band- filter coefficients converged to fixed numbers and the system is width of the LED. The BER cannot be analyzed in this case. stabilized (condition of matched filtering). The optical 4-ASK Inset of Fig. 5(b) shows the FIR equalized eye-diagram, with symbol is shaped with the filter response of FIR equalizer and a significantly improved eye opening. When the peak-to-peak the transfer function of the physical electrical-optical-electrical driving voltage is F0.5 V, an error-free BER 1 10–9 can be (E-O-E) channel. The SRRC filter at the Rx then enhances the achieved. When compared with our previous demonstration SNR of the received signal. The mathematical expression for using high-pass equalization circuit constructed by lumped SRRC filters are described in [22]. capacitor and resistor [20], the proposed DSP scheme shows BER measurements were performed by using the measured an improvement in transmission distance (from 10 cm to Q factors of the eye-diagrams at different AC peak-to-peak 1 m) and in signal quality (at BER of 10–9, peak-to-peak driv- signal voltages, with the measured 20 Mb/s eye-diagrams as ing voltage is reduced from 1 V to 0.5 V), since the digital shown in Fig. 7. Inset of Fig. 7(a) shows the measured eye- FIR equalizer allows a more precise and flexible control of the diagram without using the proposed scheme. The eye is com- equalizer parameters. pletely closed since the ISI and BER cannot be analyzed in Then, we further enhance the VLC data rate by using this case. A clear and wide open 4-ASK eye-diagram can be quaternary-amplitude-shift-keying (4-ASK) modulation and obtained by using the proposed scheme, as shown in Fig. 7(b).

12 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012 When the peak-to-peak driving voltage is F1 V, an error-free cations using a post-equalized white LED,” IEEE Photon. BER 1 10–9 can be achieved. Technol. Lett., vol. 21, pp. 1063–1065, 2009 11. J. Vucˇic´, C. Kottke, S. Nerreter, K. Habel, A. Buttner, V. Conclusion K.-D. Langer, and J. W. Walewski, “125 Mbit/s over 5 m In summary we highlighted some of the VLC activities from wireless distance by use of OOK-modulated phosphores- around the world. We also discussed the advantages and chal- cent white LEDs,” in Proc. ECOC, 2009. Paper 9.6.4 lenges of the VLC system, together with some possible solu- 12. J. Vucˇic´, C. Kottke, S. Nerreter, K. Habel, A. Buttner, tions. Using DSP could be a good choice to enhance the VLC K.-D. Langer, and J. W. Walewski, “230 Mbit/s via a wire- performance. We proposed and demonstrated using a simple less visible-light link based on OOK modulation of phos- digital post-equalization FIR equalizer to improve the band- phorescent white LEDs,” in Proc. OFC, 2010, Paper OThH3 width limitation of LED VLC channel. No optical blue fil- 13. J. Grubor, K.-D. Langer, S. C. J. Lee, T. Koonen, and J. W. ter was used. The experimental results showed a10 times Walewski, “Wireless high-speed data transmission with enhancement of the direct modulation speed of VLC sys- phosphorescent white-light LEDs,” in Proc. ECOC, 2007, tem using OOK modulation format. We also proposed and Paper PDS 3.6 experimentally demonstrated the 4-ASK modulation with 14. J. Vucˇic´, C. Kottke, S. Nerreter, A. Buttner, K.-D. Langer, FIR digital equalizer to further enhance the direct modulation and J. W. Walewski, “White light wireless transmission speed of white-light LED VLC system to 20 times. at 200+ Mb/s net data rate by use of discrete-multitone modulation,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 21, pp. Acknowledgments 1511–1513, 2009 This work was financially supported by the National Science 15. J. Vucˇic´, C. Kottke, S. Nerreter, K.-D. Langer, and J. W. Council, Taiwan, R.O.C., under Contract NSC-101-2628-E- Walewski, “513 Mbit/s visible light communications link 009-007-MY3, NSC-100-2221-E-009-088-MY3 and ITRI based on DMT modulation of a white LED,” J. Lightwave industrial-academic project. We would like to thank Prof. Technol., vol. 28, pp. 3512–3518, 2010 Hon Tsang of the Department of Electronic Engineering, The 16. J. Vucˇic´, C. Kottke, K. Habel, and K.-D. Langer, “803 Chinese University of Hong Kong for useful discussion. Mbit/s visible light WDM link based on DMT modula- tion of a single RGB LED luminary,” in Proc. OFC, 2011. References Paper OWB6 1. M. Wright, “Cree announces new EasyWhite LED and 17. L. B. Zeng, D. C. O’Brien, H. Le Minh, G. E. Faulkner, R&D efficacy high,” LEDs Mag., April, 2012 K. Lee, D. Jung, Y. Oh, and E. T. Won, “High data rate 2. http://www.cree.com/news-and-events/cree-news/press- multiple input multiple output (MJMO) optical wireless releases/2012/june/beibei-district communications using white LED lighting,” IEEE J. Se- 3. Visible Light Communications Consortium, www.vlcc.net lected Areas in Comm., vol. 27, pp. 1654–1662, 2009 4. Center for Ubiquitous Communication by Light, http:// 18. T. Komine, S. Haruyama, and M. Nakagawa, “Bidirection- www.uclight.ucr.edu/ al visible-light communication using comer cube modula- 5. Smart Lighting ERC, www.smartlighting.rpi.edu tor,” IEIC Technical Report, vol. 102, pp. 41–46, 2003 6. OMEGA project, http://www.ict-omega.eu 19. T. Borogovac, M. B. Rahaim, M. Tuganbayeva, and T. 7. IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Net- D.C. Little, “ ‘Lights-off’ visible light communications,” works—Part 15.7: Short-Range Wireless Optical Com- in Proc. IEEE Workshop on Optical Wireless Comm. (OWC), munication Using Visible Light, IEEE Std 802.15.7- 2010, Paper 6 2011, pp. 1–309, 2011 20. Y. F. Liu, C. Y. Chang, C. W. Chow, and C. H. Yeh, 8. H. Le-Minh, D. O’Brien, G. Faulkner, L. Zeng, K. Lee, D. “Equalization and pre-distorted schemes for increasing Jung, and Y. Oh, “High-speed visible light communica- data rate in in-door visible light communication system,” tions using multiple-resonant equalization,” IEEE Photon. in Proc. OFC, 2011, Paper JWA083 Technol. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 1243–1245, 2008 21. C. H. Yeh, Y. F. Liu, C. W. Chow, Y. Liu, P. Y. Huang, and 9. H. Le-Minh, D. O’Brien, G. Faulkner, L. Zeng, K. Lee, H. K. Tsang, “Investigation of 4-ASK modulation with D. Jung, and Y. Oh, “80 Mbit/s visible light communi- digital filtering to increase 20 times of direct modulation cations using pre-equalized white LED,” in Proc. ECOC, speed of white-light LED visible light communication 2008, Paper P.6.09 system,” Optics Express, vol. 20, pp. 16218–16223, 2012 10. H. Le-Minh, D. O’Brien, G. Faulkner, L. Zeng, K. Lee, D. 22. J. G. Proakis and M. Salehi, Digital Communications, Jung, and Y. Oh, “100-Mb/s NRZ visible light communi- (McGraw-Hill, 2007), Chap. 9

October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 13 News

Call for Nominations

IEEE Photonics Society 2013 Distinguished The Distinguished Lecturer Awards are presented to Lecturer Awards honor excellent speakers who have made technical, indus- Nominations for the Distinguished Lecturer Awards trial or entrepreneurial contributions of high quality to the are now being solicited for submission to the Photonics field of lasers and electro-optics, and to enhance the techni- Society Executive Office. The deadline for nominations is cal programs of the Photonics Society chapters. Consider- 16 February. ation is given to having a well-balanced variety of speakers The nomination form, award information and a list of who can address a wide range of topics of current interest in previous Distinguished Lecturers are available on the Pho- the fields covered by the Society. The term for the Lecturers tonics Society web site: is July 1 of the year of election until 30 June or the follow- http://www.photonicssociety.org/award-info ing year. Candidates need not be members of the IEEE or http://www.photonicssociety.org/award-winners the Photonics Society.

Call for Nominations: IEEE Photonics Award

The IEEE Photonics Award is presented for outstanding For nomination forms, visit the IEEE Awards Web Site, http:// achievements in photonics. The recipient of the award receives www.ieee.org/about/awards/tfas_photonics.html , or contact IEEE a bronze medal, certificate, and cash honorarium. The nomi- Awards Activities, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 08855- nation deadline is 31 January 2013. 1331; tel: +1 732 562 3844; email: [email protected].

IEEE PHOTONICS

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14 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012 News (cont’d)

Nominations for IEEE Awards

The IEEE Awards Program provides peer recognition to tact IEEE Awards Activities, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, individuals whose contributions to the art and science of NJ 08854 USA; tel.: +1 732 562 3844; fax: +1 732 981 electro- and information technologies worldwide have im- 9019; e-mail: [email protected]. proved the quality of life. IEEE Photonics Society members may be particularly Complete List of IEEE Technical interested in the following 2014 Technical Field Awards, Field Awards whose nomination deadlines are 31 January 2013. IEEE Cledo Brunetti Award for outstanding contribu- tions to nanotechnology and miniaturization in the elec- IEEE Cledo Brunetti Award for outstanding contribu- tronics arts tions to nanotechnology and miniaturization in the elec- • Award consists of a certificate and honorarium tronics arts. IEEE Biomedical Engineering Award for outstanding IEEE Electromagnetics Award for outstanding con- contributions to the field of biomedical engineering tributions to electromagnetics in theory, application or • Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, and education. honorarium

IEEE Reynold B. Johnson Information Storage Sys- IEEE Component Packaging Manufacturing Technol- tems Award for outstanding contributions to informa- ogy Award for meritorious contributions to, the advance- tion storage systems, with emphasis on computer storage ment of components, electronic packaging or manufacturing systems. technologies. • Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, and IEEE Photonics Award for outstanding achievement(s) in honorarium photonics. IEEE Control Systems Award for outstanding contribu- IEEE David Sarnoff Award for exceptional contributions tions to control systems engineering, science, or technology. to electronics. • Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium IEEE Eric E. Sumner Award for outstanding contribu- tions to communications technology. IEEE Electromagnetics Award for outstanding con- tributions to electromagnetics in theory, application or IEEE Frederik Philips Award for outstanding accom- education. plishments in the management of research and develop- • Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, and ment resulting in effective innovation in the electrical and honorarium electronics industry. IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing IEEE Daniel E. Noble Award for Emerging Technolo- Award for outstanding contribution to the advancement of gies for outstanding contributions to emerging technolo- speech and/or audio signal processing. gies recognized within recent years. • Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium The IEEE Awards Board administers IEEE-level awards on behalf of the IEEE Board of Directors. These consist IEEE Andrew S. Grove Award for outstanding contribu- of IEEE Medals, IEEE Technical Field Awards and IEEE tions to solid-state devices and technology. Recognitions. • Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, and Nominations are initiated by members and the public, honorarium and then reviewed by a panel of peers. Their recommen- dations are submitted to the IEEE Awards Board prior to IEEE Herman Halperin Electric Transmission and final approval by the IEEE Board of Directors. Distribution Award for outstanding contributions to For nomination guidelines and forms, visit http://www. electric transmission and distribution. ieee.org/about/awards/information.html. Questions? Con- • Award consists of a certificate and honorarium

October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 15 News (cont’d)

IEEE Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics Award for • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and outstanding contributions in the field of consumer elec- honorarium tronics technology. • Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, and IEEE Daniel E. Noble Award for Emerging Technolo- honorarium gies for outstanding contributions to emerging technolo- gies recognized within recent years. IEEE Internet Award for network architecture, mobility • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and and/or end-use applications. honorarium • Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium IEEE Donald O. Pederson Award in Solid-State Cir- cuits for outstanding contributions to solid-state circuits. IEEE Reynold B. Johnson Information Storage Sys- • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and tems Award for outstanding contributions to information honorarium storage systems, with emphasis on computer storage sys- tems. IEEE Frederik Philips Award for outstanding accom- • Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate and plishments in the management of research and develop- honorarium ment resulting in effective innovation in the electrical and electronics industry. IEEE Richard Harold Kaufmann Award for outstand- • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and ing contributions in industrial systems engineering. honorarium • Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium IEEE Photonics Award for outstanding achievement(s) in photonics. IEEE Joseph F. Keithley Award in Instrumentation • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and and Measurement for outstanding contributions in elec- honorarium. trical measurements. • Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate and cash IEEE Robotics and Automation Award for contribu- honorarium tions in the field of robotics and automation. • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and IEEE Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Award for outstanding honorarium contributions to the fundamentals of any aspect of electron- ic circuits and systems that has a long-term significance or IEEE Frank Rosenblatt Award for outstanding impact. contribution(s) to the advancement of the design, prac- • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and tice, techniques, or theory in biologically and linguistically honorarium motivated computational paradigms including but not limited to neural networks, connectionist systems, evolu- IEEE Leon K. Kirchmayer Award for Graduate Teach- tionary computation, fuzzy systems, and hybrid intelligent ing for inspirational teaching of graduate students in the systems in which these paradigms are contained. IEEE fields of interest. • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and • Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate and honorarium honorarium IEEE David Sarnoff Award for exceptional contributions IEEE Koji Kobayashi Computers and Communica- to electronics. tions Award for outstanding contributions to the integra- • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and tion of computers and communications. honorarium • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and hono- rarium IEEE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Award for outstanding contributions to the field of nuclear and plasma sciences IEEE William E. Newell Power Electronics Award for and engineering. outstanding contribution(s) to the advancement of power • Award consists of a bronze medal, certificate, and electronics. honorarium

16 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012 News (cont’d)

IEEE Innovation in Societal Infrastructure Award for IEEE Nikola Tesla Award for outstanding contributions significant technological achievements and contributions to the generation and utilization of electric power. to the establishment, development, and proliferation of • Award consists of a plaque and honorarium innovative societal infrastructure systems through the ap- plication of information technology with an emphasis on IEEE Kiyo Tomiyasu Award for outstanding early to distributed computing systems. mid-career contributions to technologies holding the • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium promise of innovative applications. • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium IEEE Charles Proteus Steinmetz Award for exceptional contributions to the development and/or advancement of IEEE Transportation Technologies Award for advances standards in electrical and electronics engineering. in technologies within the fields of interest to the IEEE as • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and applied in transportation systems. honorarium • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium

IEEE Eric E. Sumner Award for outstanding contribu- IEEE Undergraduate Teaching Award for inspirational tions to communications technology. teaching of undergraduate students in the fields of interest • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and of IEEE. honorarium • Award consists of bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium

October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 17 Careers and Awards

Effective 2012, nomination deadlines for the IEEE Photonics Society Awards are listed as follows: Award Nomination deadline Distinguished Lecturer Awards 16 February

Aron Kressel Award 5 April Engineering Achievement Award 5 April Quantum Electronics Award 5 April William Streifer Scientific Achievement Award 5 April

Distinguished Service Award 30 April

Graduate Student Fellowship 30 May

John Tyndall Award 10 August

Young Investigator Award 30 September

18 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012 Careers and Awards (cont’d)

IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY 2012 Graduate Student Fellowship

The IEEE Photonics Society established the Gradu- She has authored and coauthored 7 journal publications ate Student Fellowship Program to provide Graduate in stellar scientific journals including Nature Photonics, Fellowships to outstanding Photonics Society student and 14 conference papers. She presented at various pres- members pursuing graduate education within the Pho- tigious academic conferences including Conference on tonics Society field of interest. Applicants are normally Lasers and Electro-optics (CLEO), SPIE photonics west, in their penultimate year of study and receive the award Frontier in Optics (FiO), and Materials Research Society for their final year and must be a Photonics Society stu- (MRS). She joined Optical Society of America (OSA) and dent member. Recipients are apportioned geographi- The International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE) cally in approximate proportion to the numbers of stu- on 2009, IEEE photonics and New York Academy of Sci- dent members in each of the main geographical regions ence on 2010. (Americas, Europe/Mid-East/Africa, Asia/Pacific). There are 10 Fellows per year. The deadline for nominations Jens Hofrichter studied electrical is 30 May. engineering at the Dresden Uni- The presentation will be made during the Awards Cere- versity of Technology, Germany mony at the 2012 IEEE Photonics Conference at the Hyatt from 2003 to 2006. From 2005 Regency San Francisco Airport, Burlingame, California, to 2006 he was research assistant USA on Monday 24th September, 2012. at GTW- TUD GmbH, work- The IEEE Photonics Society is proud to present the re- ing on high- speed SiGe bipolar cipients of our 2012 Graduate Student Fellows: transistors. In 2006 he moved to Tingyi Gu—Columbia University RWTH Aachen, Germany, where Jens Hofrichter—Eindhoven University of Technology he received the Dipl.-Ing. (equivalent to MSc) degree in Domaniç Lavery—University College London Electrical Engineering under the supervision of Univ.- William Loh—Massachusetts Institute of Technology Prof. Dr. Heinrich Kurz in 2009. He has been with AMO Dan Luo—Nanyang Technological University GmbH Aachen from 2007 to 2009, working on x-ray de- Hiva Shahoei—University of Ottawa tectors, low-noise JFETs and CMOS compatible synthesis Yan Shi—Eindhoven University of Technology methods of graphene. After completing an internship in Ke Wang—University of Melbourne 2008 working on grating couplers, he re-joined IBM in Jin Yan—University of Central Florida 2009, where he is currently working towards his PhD Yue Zhou—University of Hong Kong in collaboration with Prof. H.J.S. Dorren’s group, the COBRA Research Institute, TU Eindhoven University Tingyi Gu received the B.Eng. of Technology, the Netherlands. degree in Information Technol- His current research focus is on the simulation, fabri- ogy from Shanghai Jiaotong Uni- cation and measurement of III-V devices heterogeneously versity (SJTU), Shanghai, China integrated on silicon photonics, as well as on coupling in 2008, and the M. Sc. Degree schemes for silicon photonics. Jens Hofrichter is a member in Electrical Engineering from of IEEE Photonics Society and has authored more than 10 Columbia University, New York, scientific publications as first author in the fields of gra- NY, in 2010. phene research, silicon photonics and optical signal pro- She worked at Center for High cessing. In 2011 he was awarded with IBM’s First Plateau Technology, University of New Mexico, NM, about one Invention Achievement Award, and in 2012 he received year and half on colloidal quantum dots optical calibration the IEEE Photonics Society Graduate Student Fellowship. and the InAs quantum dots solar cell measurement and “It is my great honor to receive the IEEE Photonics modeling. She is currently pursuing her Ph.D. degree at Society Graduate Student Fellowship. I’d like to em- Columbia University, in optical nanostructure laboratory. phasize that this award is also the result of the excellent Her current research focuses on understanding the opto- collaboration between IBM Research—Zurich and TU electronic properties of semiconductor in nanostructured Eindhoven University of Technology, in particular Prof. devices, as well as wiring them to implementation in inte- Dr. H.J.S. Dorren, Dr. O. Raz and the COBRA clean- grated photonic circuits. room staff.”

October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 19 Careers and Awards (cont’d)

Domaniç Lavery was born in Sur- ics Technology Letters and the Photonics Journal. He is a rey, England in 1987. In 2005 he student member of IEEE and the IEEE Photonics Society. undertook an MPhys degree in The- oretical Physics at the University of Dan Luo was born in Hunan, Chi- Durham, Durham, United King- na, in 1981. He received his B. S. dom, which was awarded in June degree in Optoelectronics Engineer- 2009. For his master’s degree, he ing from T ianjin University, China completed a project with the Insti- in 2004 and Ph. D. degree in Elec- tute for Particle Physics Phenome- trical and Electronic Engineering nology, with a thesis on extra dimensions in particle theory. from Nanyang Technological Uni- In late 2009 he was awarded an EPSRC (Engineer- versity, Singapore in 2012. ing and Physical Sciences Research Council) industrial Luo’s research interests include CASE scholarship with Oclaro to undertake a Ph.D with liquid crystal based photonic devices, holographic polymer- the Optical Networks Group at University College Lon- dispersed liquid crystal, photonic crystals, and diffractive don, London, United Kingdom, under the supervision of optical elements, etc. He has authored/coauthored 17 peer- Dr. Seb Savory. His research focuses on the use of digital reviewed journal articles, and 2 international conferences pa- coherent transceivers to increase the capacity and reach of pers. In recognition to his research work, he has been awarded wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) passive optical the 2011 Otto Lehmann Award as the global sole winner networks (PON). (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany), the 2011 Mr. Lavery has authored/co-authored 13 peer-reviewed Chinese Government Award for Outstanding Self-Financed journal publications and conference papers in the field of Students Abroad, the 2012 SPIE Scholarship in Optics and optical communications, including a post-deadline paper Photonics. at the Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) Luo is also active in academic services, he served in IEEE 2012. He is also actively involved as a reviewer for several PS Singapore student branch as the Secretary and V ice journal publications. President respectively from 2009 to 2011, and in the 1st Postgraduate student conference in Singapore as the Gen- William Loh received the B.S. degree eral Chair in 2010. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor in Hiva Shahoei received the B.Sc. 2007, and the M.S. degree in Electri- degree in electrical engineering cal Engineering from the Massachu- from Tabriz University, Tabriz, setts Institute of Technology (MIT) Iran, in 2005, and the M.Sc. de- in 2009. He is currently pursuing the gree in electrical engineering from Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering as an Tehran Polytechnic University, Teh- active member of the Integrated Pho- ran, Iran, in 2008. She is currently tonics Initative (IPI) collaboration between the MIT Lincoln working toward the Ph.D. degree in Laboratory and the MIT campus. He is jointly advised by Dr. electrical and computer engineering Paul Juodawlkis of the Lincoln Laboratory and Prof. Rajeev in the Microwave Photonics Research Laboratory, School of Ram of the MIT Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University Department. of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, under the supervision of His research interests include novel structures and Prof. Jianping Yao. schemes for semiconductor optical devices, microwave- Her current research area, Microwave Photonics, is an photonic oscillators for synthesis of low-noise RF signals, interdisciplinary field that studies the interaction between physics of noise processes in oscillators and optoelectronic microwaves and light waves. Her current research focus systems, and modeling of optical phenomena in photon- on investigating innovative techniques for generating and ic systems and devices. His project combines various as- processing microwaves in the optical domain, generating pects of theory, device fabrication, and system testing for slow and fast lights based on fiber Bragg gratings for appli- the demonstration of high-performance microwave pho- cations such as optical and wireless communication, medi- tonic systems using novel slab-coupled optical waveguide cal imaging and modern instrumentation. (SCOW) technology. Until now, she has authored 10 peer-reviewed journal Mr. Loh has currently published 8 journal papers (5 as publications and eight international conference papers. She first author), 15 conference papers, and 1 book chapter (as has received the 2009 University of Ottawa Doctoral Re- a coauthor). He serves as a reviewer for both the Photon- search Scholarship, third place at the 2012 University of

20 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012 Careers and Awards (cont’d)

Ottawa research poster competition, and IEEE Photonics Christina Lim, and Prof. Efstratios Skafidas. His research is Society 2012 Graduate Student Fellowship. mainly on the optical wireless technologies for high-speed “It is my great honor to receive the 2012 IEEE Pho- wireless communications in personal area networks (PANs) tonics Society Graduate Student Fellowship. I would like and reconfigurable free space card-to-card optical intercon- to thank my thesis supervisor, Prof. Jianping Yao, for his nects. He has published over 30 papers in peer-reviewed continuous support.” journals and international conferences as the first author. He has also been invited to give a 3.5-hours tutorial at the Yan Shi received her B.Eng. degree 2011 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photon- in electronic information engineer- ics (MWP). ing from Jilin University, Changc- Mr. Wang is a Student Member of IEEE Photonics Soci- hun, China, in 2006 and the M.Sc. ety (IPS) and Optical Society of America (OSA). He serves degree in electronics science and as a reviewer for IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE/ technology from Zhejiang Univer- OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, Optics Express, sity, Hangzhou, China in 2008. Fol- Optics Letters, Journal of Optical Communications and lowing that, she started her research Networking, and IEEE Transactions on Communications. at ALCATEL-LUCENT Inc. (Shang- He was the recipient of Melbourne International Research hai) as a software engineer in mobile access department. Her Scholarship, Melbourne International Fee Remission Schol- research was focused on the software architecture design for arship, NICTA Special Top-Up Scholarship, Melbourne the 4G wireless technology- LTE. Abroad Travelling Scholarship, and M. A. Bartlett Research In May 2009, she started working towards the PhD Scholarship. In addition, he received the Best Student Paper degree under the supervision of Prof. Ton Koonen in the Award (2nd place) at the 2011 International Topical Meet- ECO group of COBRA research institute at Eindhoven ing on Microwave Photonics (MWP) and the 2012 IEEE University of Technology (TU/e), Eindhoven, The Nether- Photonics Society Japan Young Scientist Award (1st place). lands, where she has conducted research in the area of ultra wideband wireless and multi-format services transmission Jin Yan received her B.S. from Zhe- over large core PolyMethyl MethaAcrylate (PMMA) plas- jiang University, China, and is cur- tic optical fibers for high-capacity in-home networks. Her rently a fourth-year Ph.D. candidate Ph.D work has been performed in the European Union FP7 at College of Optics and Photonics, project POF-PLUS, ALPHA, and EURO-FOS. University of Central Florida. Her She has authored and co-authored more than 40 publi- research focuses on device phys- cations in peer-reviewed journals, international conferences ics and applications of blue phase and book chapters. She has also regularly served as a review- liquid crystals. Blue phase liquid er for IEEE /OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology and crystals exhibit several revolutionary IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. She was awarded with features, such as submillisecond response time, no need for the National Scholarship (2003), Excellent Student Honor surface alignment layers, isotropic dark state, etc. There- (2003-2006), and Graduate Student Scholarship (2007). fore, it holds great potential for next-generation display She was the award winner of the Rising Star Showcase at the and photonics applications. Currently, she has 19 journal International Broadcasting Conference (IBC) in 2011 and publications and a couple of conference papers, including one of the recipients of IEEE Photonics Society Graduate several invited talks. She is also the president of SID student Student Fellowship in 2012. chapter at UCF.

Ke Wang was born in Xuzhou (Chi- Yue Zhou received the B. Eng. de- na) in 1988 and received the B.Sc. gree in electronic engineering from degree from Huazhong University Shanghai Jiao Tong University, of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Shanghai, China, in 2008. He is cur- China, in 2009. He joined National rently working towards the Ph. D. ICT Australia—V ictoria Research degree under the supervision of Prof. Laboratory (NICTA-VRL), Depart- Kenneth K. Y. Wong in the Depart- ment of Electrical and Electronic ment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Engineering, the University of Hong Melbourne, Australia, as a Ph.D. candidate in 2010. He is Kong (HKU), Hong Kong SAR, currently working towards his Ph.D. degree under the joint China. He was a visiting student at the Research Laboratory supervision of Prof. Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, A/Prof. of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),

October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 21 Careers and Awards (cont’d)

Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 2011. His current research Paper Award in the 10th IEEE Photonics Society Hong interests include fiber optical parametric amplifiers, fiber Kong Chapter Postgraduate Conference in 2009. He optical parametric oscillators, mode-locked fiber lasers, and serves as reviewer for Optical Letters, Optics Express and optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification systems. Journal of Modern Optics. Mr. Zhou has authored and co-authored more than “It is my great honor to receive the IEEE Photonics So- 30 papers in leading technical journals and international ciety Graduate Student Fellowship in 2012. I would like conferences, including seven first-author papers in peer to take this opportunity to express my gratitude for the reviewed journals. He is a Student Member of the generous support from all the people I have been working IEEE Photonics Society and Optical Society of America with, especially Prof. Kenneth K. Y. Wong, Prof. Franz X. (OSA). He was the recipient of the 1st Runner Up Best Kaertner and Dr. Guoqing Chang.”

Leadership: The Importance of Communication or Conversation Gerard H. (Gus) Gaynor, Technology Management Council, VP Publications, IEEE Life Fellow, Director of Engineering 3M, Retired

The competence to lead determines career success whether too early, 4) Recognizing that the situation influences the you are a manager, a technical professional interested in language we use. Whyte considers “will” as an elaborative management, or one who plans to continue as a specialist. mechanism. As an example; once you decide to build a One key requirement for leadership is the ability to com- house and where, that’s when “will” comes in—until that municate effectively, not only within your discipline, but time it is conversation. These barriers eloquently describe also among different disciplines and organizational func- the requirements for communications to be meaningful tions and at many different levels. and of value. We reach barrier one when the communica- Bob Lutz1, at the time the retired Vice Chairman of tor fails to convey the content in its context, at the appro- the Chrysler Corporation, noted that “Engineers need to priate level, and in understandable language: the audience be like anybody else in business, proactive and somewhat will fail not only to grasp its significance, but also lose outgoing. And they need to reach outside specific techni- interest and tend to disregard it. You’ve most likely ex- cal areas. Mainly, engineers need to be good communica- perienced situations where the conversation we’re not having tors, because there is no point in achieving an engineering caused future problems. Every important conversation in- breakthrough, having a new idea, or coming up with a new cludes sensitive issues that are often disregarded. We have material, if you can’t get your colleagues excited about it.” all heard the expression “let’s not go there” only to find out Lutz warns us of the need to communicate clearly and con- later that that’s where we should have gone. Doing due dili- cisely not only within our disciplines, but also across orga- gence requires exploring the sensitive and often controver- nizations. We tend to communicate in terms of F = MA sial issues. If we stop the conversation too early, without and E = IR, algorithms, simulations, and models. Many considering the impact on others in the chain of meeting resources are available for help in developing communica- a commitment, we interject conditions that eventually tion skills. It may not be too late to learn. But, we need to require not only physical, but also mental rework. Those expand the meaning of the word “communicate” because project knockouts, the things that unless resolved lead to fail- communication involves more than the ability to speak and ure, must be addressed now, not later. If we fail to con- write. David Whyte, poet, author of several books, a degree sider the social, operational, and economic environment in marine zoology, a leader of anthropological and natural in which we operate, we exacerbate the communication history, brings some interesting insights to communication process. The global economy has complicated conversa- as it relates to leadership and management. tion. We assume that we and others understand. Commu- Whyte2 considers the following points as barriers to nicating in diverse cultures requires understanding, not communication: 1) Entering any situation in which you do only how those cultures speak to each other, but also how not have the language, 2) Disregarding the impact of the they speak to others. That requires some understanding of conversation we’re not having, 3) Cutting off the conversation cultural origins and history.

22 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012 Careers and Awards (cont’d)

Finally, the searching for facts and knowledge, analyz- Finally, make sure everyone understands the language ing problems and opportunities, developing various scenar- of the conversation, which must be comprehensive; includes ios, and reaching an acceptable decision is just conversation resolution of the knockouts; and continues until critical is- until someone demonstrates the “will” to make-it-happen. sues and their coherent solutions are identified. However, those having the “will” to make-it-happen will increasingly be required to move the conversation to a higher References level: the real conversation begins after a project has been 1. Peter M. Tobia. “Robert Lutz Gives Engineers the approved. Nod,” IEEE. Today’s Engineer. Vol. 2–1, pp. 6–11. I suggest that we elevate our view of communication and 2. David Whyte, Personal notes from a radio broadcast. begin removing some of the barriers. Research shows that 3. Aaron Shenhar and Dov Dvir, Reinventing Project Man- the record of meeting project requirements, schedules, and agement (Boston: Harvard. Business School Press, costs does not generate a great deal of confidence in future 2007), pp. 5–7. performance. Aaron Shenhar and Dov Dvir3 include their research and that of The Standish Group to demonstrate IEEE Technology Management Council: the situation. Their research, over a fifteen year period on Who are we and what do we do? more than 600 projects in business, government, and the The IEEE Technology Management Council (TMC) pro- not-for-profit sector, and in various countries, found that vides information and services to IEEE members and the about 85 percent of projects overran scheduled time by worldwide audience of practitioners and researchers en- 70 percent and budget by 60 percent. The Standish gaged in the profession of engineering, technology, and Group, in 2000, found that only 28 percent of IT proj- innovation management. TMC has 14 member societies ects were successful, and estimated that of the $382 bil- which contribute material support as well as representa- lion spent on IT projects in 2003 yielded $82 billion tives to the TMC Board of Governors so that the TMC can in total waste. I urge you to review your organization’s best provide the needs of the societies’ members. Please project performance and begin the conversation, not with visit the IEEE TMC website at http://www.ieeetmc.org to the intent of placing blame, but understanding why. The find out the TMC member societies and their representa- blame chain begins at the executive levels and flows down tives. You can also find out information about our flagship through the organization. conference and our publications.

“Nick” Cartoon Series by Christopher Doerr

October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 23 Careers and Awards (cont’d)

24 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012

Membership Section

Benefits of IEEE Senior Membership There are many benefits to becoming an IEEE Senior Member: • The professional recognition of your peers for technical and professional excellence • An attractive fine wood and bronze engraved Senior Member plaque to proudly display. • Up to $25 gift certificate toward one new Society membership. • A letter of commendation to your employer on the achievement of Senior member grade (upon the request of the newly elected Senior Member.) • Announcement of elevation in Section/Society and/or local newsletters, newspapers and notices. • Eligibility to hold executive IEEE volunteer positions. • Can serve as Reference for Senior Member applicants. • Invited to be on the panel to review Senior Member applications. The requirements to qualify for Senior Member elevation are a candidate shall be an engineer, scientist, educator, techni- cal executive or originator in IEEE-designated fields. The candidate shall have been in professional practice for at least ten years and shall have shown significant performance over a period of at least five of those years. To apply, the Senior Member application form is available in 3 formats: Online, downloadable, and electronic version. For more information or to apply for Senior Membership, please see the IEEE Senior Member Program website: http:// www.ieee.org/organizations/rab/md/smprogram.html

New Senior Members

Peter Huggard Tien-Chang Lu Sung-Jin Park Mona Jarrahi Jose Roberto Mazariegos Sergei K Turitsyn Hyun Jae Kim Hon Yu Ng

26 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012 Conference Section

IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY CONFERENCE CALENDAR 2012 International Semiconductor Laser Conferenceerence JOIN US! 7-10 October 2012, San Diego Mission Valley Marriott, San Diego,Dieggo, CaliforniaCalifforrninia USAUUSSA www.islc-ieee.org 2013 Optical Interconnects Conferencee 5-8 May 2013, Eldorado Hotel and Spa, Santa Fe, Neww MMeMexicoxix coco UUSASASA www.oi-ieee.org Summer Topicals Meeting Series 8-10 July 2013, Hilton Waikoloa Village, Waikoloa, HawaiiHHaawwaaii USAUSSAA www.sum-ieee.org 10th International Conference on Group IV PhotonicsPhotonics www.gfp-ieee.org Avionics, Fiber-Optics & Photonics Conferenceencee 1-3 October 2013 Holiday Inn on the Bay, San Diego, Californialifornia USAUUSSAS www.avfop-ieee.org IEEE Photonics Conference 8-12 September 2013, Hyatt Regency Bellevue, Bellevue, WashingtonWashington USAUSA www.ipc-ieee.org 2014 IEEE Photonics Conference 12-16 October 2014, Hyatt Regency La Jolla, San Diego, California USA www.ipc-ieee.org WWW.PHOTONICSCONFERENCES.OORG

October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 27 Conference Section (cont’d)

ACP 2012 – Where Science and Industry Merge Yikai Su, Xiang Liu, and Sailing He

Introduction to the conference - Asia Communications speaking on “High Resolution Optical Microscopy”) and and Photonics Conference (ACP) is Asia’s premier confer- from the industry (including Dr. Zhengmao Li, Executive ence in the Pacific Rim for photonics technologies, includ- Vice President of China Mobile). The conference also fea- ing optical communications, biophotonics, nanophotonics, tures a whole-day Industrial Forum consisting of two work- illumination and applications in energy. The event will take shops, one on Huawei’s communication technologies, and place 7–10 November, 2012, Guangzhou (Canton), China. the other on high-speed optical transmission technologies Five technical societies—OSA, SPIE, IEEE Photonics of other leading international companies. There are three Society, Chinese Optical Society, and Chinese Institute of other workshops organized by pioneering researchers on Communications—have joined together to co-sponsor the “Photonic Integrated Circuits for Next Generation Com- ACP 2012 conference. puters and Networks”, “Biophotonics challenges-Research Highlights: The ACP technical conference features a frontiers vs. biomedical applications in the real world and full suite of plenary talks, invited talks, contributed talks, commercialization”, and “Energy efficient optical commu- tutorials, poster presentations, and post-deadline talks, to nications and networking”. In addition, a mini Symposium be given by international academic and industrial research- on Advanced Photonics Materials is scheduled. ers. The number of submissions is over 600 for ACP 2012, ACP provides an ideal venue to keep up with new re- representing one of the largest optical communications and search directions, the latest technical breakthroughs, and photonics conferences in the Asia-Pacific region. The plena- emerging new commercial applications of optoelectron- ry session will be featuring four high-profile speakers from ics subsystems and technologies. ACP 2012’s Website is: the academia (including Prof. Stefan W. Hell, who will be http://www.acp-conf.org/

7–10 November, 2012, Garden Hotel, Guangzhou (Canton), China.

28 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012 Conference Section (cont’d)

High-Power Semiconductor Lasers at the IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting 2012

One of the topics in this year’s IEEE Photonics Society Sum- minds since the invention of the laser diode 50 years ago. mer Topical Meeting was High Power Semiconductor La- Despite this, the high-power community was being un- sers. The Meeting was held 9–11 July 2012 at the Renais- derserved without a good meeting for more scientific dis- sance Hotel in Seattle, Washington. Attendees were able to cussion on the physics of high-power semiconductor lasers visit the world-famous Space Needle, Pike Place Market, and where the topic is headed. SPIE’s Photonics West is and sample the local restaurants. They enjoyed the view of the most popular meeting for the high-power crowd, but Mount Rainer made possible by the beautiful weather dur- the talks there tend to be more commercial and less about ing the conference—regardless of Seattle’s rainy reputation. the physics. Several other conferences touch upon the topic Over 170 scientists and engineers attended, and judging by (CLEO, CLEO Europe, IEEE Photonics Conference, and the the attendance in the sessions they were split about equally Int’l Semiconductor Laser Conference), but none have cre- among the three topics of this year’s Meeting. Despite be- ated a large draw for the high-power community. Based on ing held on the West Coast of the USA, the High Power the response to this meeting and feedback from the par- Semiconductor Laser sessions were heavily influenced by ticipants, there does indeed appear to be a need for such Europeans with over half of the organizing committee and a venue for the scientific community, which may lead to a nearly half of the authors hailing from Europe. more regular meeting of this group. Although the Summer Topical Meeting is typically The first plenary talk was by Goetz Ebert, head of the meant to be a place for the latest “hot topic” in Photonics, Optoelectronics Department of the Ferdinand Braun Insti- high-power semiconductor lasers have been on scientists tute (Berlin, Germany). The Institute is one of the leading research organizations in high-power semiconductor lasers in Europe. Dr. Ebert gave an excellent review of some of their most recent work on broad-area, grating-stabilized, and tapered lasers developed at the Institute. The second plenary talk was by Erik Zucker, Senior Director of Prod- uct Development for High Power Lasers at JDSU (Milpitas, California). Dr. Zucker gave a very entertaining talk includ- ing a bit of the history of high-power semiconductor lasers, in particular at SDL (now JDSU) which pioneered the field for a couple of decades. He went on to discuss the key at- tributes of laser diodes: power, efficiency, etendue (bright- ness), reliability, and cost. He touched upon several of the key high-power laser manufacturers products and compared their brightness and discussed the trends for the future.

Sculpture by Seattle artist Dale Chihuly with the world-famous Plenary speaker Erik Zucker of JDSU wrapping up his Space Needle in the background. presentation.

October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 29 Conference Section (cont’d)

High-Power Semiconductor Laser session underway with a captivated audience!

In the vein of the more scientific nature of the meet- application (a challenge most of the attending companies ing, there were three tutorial talks. The first was T.Y. Fan, would love to address!). group leader of MIT Lincoln Laboratory’s Laser Technology A significant portion of the invited talks were from labora- group (Lexington, Massachusetts), teaching us about laser tories or universities to address the fundamental physics ques- beam combining. Dr. Fan and his group at MIT Lincoln tions. Hans-Dieter Hoffman from the Fraunhofer Institute Laboratory have been leading the beam combining area for (Aachen, Germany), Christoph Schultz and Paul Crump of many years, in particular with wavelength beam combin- the Ferdinand Braun Institute (Berlin, Germany) gave talks ing and coherent beam combining in both semiconductor on increasing the brightness of laser diodes, both spatially and fiber lasers. Proper beam combining of many sources is and spectrally. Prof. Eugene Avrutin from the University of likely the key for future high-power laser systems to scale York (York, UK) and Prof. Andrezj Malag from the Institute to very high brightness. Prof. Luke Mawst of the University of Electronic Materials Technology (Warsaw, Poland) spoke of Wisconsin (Madison, Wisconsin) presented a tutorial on about improving waveguide design to increase the laser pow- monolithic power scaling that summarized work on high- er. Prof. Paul Michael Petersen of the Technical University of power arrays pioneered by Prof. Mawst and his co-author, Denmark (Roskilde, Denmark) summarized various external- Prof. Dan Botez. Prof. Peter Blood of Cardiff University cavity feedback architectures and their effects on high-power (Cardiff, UK) gave the third tutorial delving deep into the laser performance. Prof. Eric Larkins of the University of physics of laser threshold and efficiency, with advice on how Nottingham (Nottingham, UK) discussed tapered lasers that to improve them with design changes. can provide high power with better beam-quality than broad- Invited talks made up nearly half of the meeting pro- area lasers. Jens Tomm from the Max Born Institute (Berlin, gram. Most of the leading companies in the high-power Germany) discussed the process of laser failure that limits the market provided talks summarizing their latest results, in- output power of high power lasers with dramatic images and cluding Coherent (Santa Clara, California), DILAS (Mainz- movies of the melting of laser facets. A representative from Hechtsheim, Germany), Jenoptik (Berlin, Germany), the European Union funding agency that sponsors many pho- nLight (Vancouver, WA), Oclaro (Zurich, Switzerland), tonics research programs, Stefan Kaierle of Laser Zentrum Osram (Regensbury, Germany), and Trumpf (Cranbury, Hannover (Hannover, Germany), even discussed the future New Jersey). Off the beaten path, Toby Garrod of Alfalight prospects of EU funding in this field. (Madison, Wisconsin) and Chad Wang of FLIR (Ventura, In addition to the excellent plenary, tutorial, and invited Califonia) gave talks on surface-emitting lasers for high- talks there were 14 contributed talks that spanned many power applications. Surface-emitters have the advantage of aspects of high-power semiconductor lasers from research- greatly spreading out the optical power over a larger area ers based in Japan, USA, Europe, and as far away as St. but some challenges come along as well. Ryan Feeler of Petersburg, Russia. Many thanks to the organizing com- Northrup Grumman Cutting Edge Optronics (St. Charles, mittee, speakers, and attendees for making this meeting a Missouri) gave an interesting talk on the prospects of success. Special thanks to my co-chair, Paul Crump, of the pump laser diodes for use on fusion reactors—should they Ferdinand Braun Institute! be made feasible, identifying the lack of laser production capacity worldwide as a major hurdle to meeting such an Gary M. Smith, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Co-chair

30 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012 Conference Section (cont’d)

9 October 2012, Call for IMPORTANTPapers DEADLINE:

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October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 31 Conference Section (cont’d)

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32 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012 Conference Section (cont’d)

Eldorado Hotel & Spa Santa Fe, New Mexico 5-8 MAY 2013

Paper Submission Deadline Pre-RePre-Registrationgistrationgistration Deadline 11 Januaryaaryy 2013 55A AprilA 2013

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October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 33 Conference Section (cont’d)

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34 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012 Conference Section (cont’d) Forthcoming Meetings with ICO Participation

ICO, THE PLACE WHERE THE WORLD OF OPTICS MEET Responsibility for the correctness of the information on this page rests with ICO, the International Commission for Optics; http://www.ico-optics.org/. President: M L Calvo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Óptica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, E 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected]. Associate Secretary: Prof. Gert von Bally, Centrum für Biomedizinische Optik und Photonik, Univer- sitätsklinikum Münster, Robert-Koch-Straße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany; [email protected]

21–25 October 2012 2–5 November 2012 Beginning of 2013 4th International Symposium on 5th International Photonics and 1st EOS Topical Meeting on Photonics Transparent Conductive Materials Optoelec-tronics Meetings (POEM 2012) for Sustainable Development - Focus (TCM 2012) Wuhan, China on the Mediterranean (PSDM 2013) Crete, Greece Contact: Xiaochun Xiao, Qingming Luo, Tunis, Tunisia Contact: George Kiriakidis, phone: +86-27-87792227, 87792223, Contact: Julia Dalichow, phone: +302810391271, fax: +86-27-87792224 phone: +49 511 2788 155, fax: +302810391295 [email protected]@mail. fax: +49 511 2788 117 [email protected] hust.edu.cn [email protected]

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October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 35 Conference Section (cont’d)

IEEE Photonics Society Co–Sponsored Events - 2012

ICP October 1—3, 2012 2012 3rd International Conference on Photonics Park Royal Penang Resort Penang, Malaysia http://www.icp2012.org

OFS—22 October 15—19, 2012 22nd International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors China Hall of Science and Technology Beijng, China http://www.ofs-22.org

IWOW October 22, 2012 International Workshop on Optical Wireless Communications Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna Pisa, Italy http://opticwise.uop.gr/index.php/announcements/19-workshop-at-pisa.html

ACP November 7—10, 2012 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference The Garden Hotel Guangzhou (Canton), China http://acp-conf.org

PHOTONICS December 9 —12, 2012 The International Conference on Fiber Optics and Photonics Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India http://www.photonics2012.in/

PGC December 13—16, 2012 2012 Photonics Global Conference Nanyang Technological University Suntec City, Singapore http://www.photonicsglobal.org

CODEC December 17—19, 2012 2012 International Conference on Computers and Devices for Communication Hyatt Regency Kolkata Kolkata, India http://www.codec-rpe.org

36 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012 Conference Section (cont’d)

WK ,(((,70&  ,&(&RQIHUHQFH

in “Living Lab, Campus The Hague”, The Netherlands June 24 – 26, 2013 Responsible Innovation and Entrepreneurship

,70&LVWKHJOREDO,(((IODJVKLSFRQIHUHQFHIRUWKH,(((7HFKQRORJ\0DQDJHPHQW&RXQFLO DQGWRJHWKHUZLWKWKH(XURSHDQ,&(FRQIHUHQFHDLPVWRXQLWHDFWLYLWLHVDQGIRUXPVRIWKHILHOGRI (QJLQHHULQJ 7HFKQRORJ\ DQG ,QQRYDWLRQ /LYLQJ /DE &DPSXV 7KH +DJXH LV WKH FRQIHUHQFH ORFDWLRQLQWKHPLGGOHRIWKH'XWFK*RYHUQPHQWGLVWULFWDQGWKHWKHPH³5HVSRQVLEOH,QQRYDWLRQDQG (QWUHSUHQHXUVKLS´ VWUHVVHV WKH VRFLHWDO UHOHYDQFH RI WHFKQRORJ\ PDQDJHPHQW &RQWULEXWLRQV IURP UHVHDUFKHUV HGXFDWRUV HQJLQHHUV PDQDJHUV DQG VWXGHQWV DUH ZHOFRPH &RQWULEXWLRQV PD\ EH ZRUNVKRSV RU SDSHUV 3DSHUV FDQ EH  FRQFHSWXDO WKHRUHWLFDO RU HPSLULFDO DQG VKRXOG GRFXPHQW UHVHDUFK DFWLYLWLHV FDVH VWXGLHV RU EHVW SUDFWLFHV VKHGGLQJ OLJKW RQ WKH WKHRU\ RU SUDFWLFH RI WHFKQRORJ\PDQDJHPHQWDQGDGGUHVVFROODERUDWLRQLQWHFKQRORJLFDOFKDQJH $dditional information: www.ice-conference.org/IEEE-ITMC2013

Preliminary tracks Responsible Innovation and Entrepreneurship Foresight and strategies to explore new markets • Sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship • Technology foresight • Innovation and entrepreneurship in developing • Technology road mapping countries • Market analysis in a high-tech market • Ethics in innovation and entrepreneurship • Business models in a high-tech market • Incentives and institutions for responsible • Strategic niche management innovation and entrepreneurship • Technology & Business strategies Collaboration and networks Special tracks and workshops • Concurrent engineering/enterprising • Theory of technology management • Product, service and system development • Education programs in TMC, MoT, R&D • Network organization • Crisis management • Supply chain management • Collaborative Innovation & Living Labs

Organizing committee TU Delft: Roland Ortt, Jeroen van den Hoven, Wil Thissen IEEE TMC: Robert Bierwolf, Bob Shapiro, Luke Maki, Tuna Tarim Leiden University: Gideon Shimshon, Thomas Bäck, Joost Kok ICE: Bernhard Katzy, Klaus-Dieter Thoben Important Dates: Full paper submission Due: 10 January 2013 Notification of Acceptance: 10 March 2013 Final paper submission: 10 April 2013

October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 37 IEEE/OSA JOURNAL OF

LightwaveTechnology

New issue every 2 weeks WhyWhy PublisPublishsh iinn JLTJLT?T? sss s2EPUTATIONFOREXCELLENCEANDTIMELINESSs2EPU TA TIONF OREXCELLENCEANDTIMELINESSX LL D TI Rapid online posting s(IGH YEARJOURNALIMPACTFACTOROFs( (IGHIGYJGH  YEARYEAR JOURJOURNALNAL I IMPACTMPACT F FACTORACTOR O OFF   within two weeks of acceptance s!UTHOR FRIENDLYPROCESS sss s%ASY TO USESECUREONLINESUBMISSIONSITEs %ASYY TO USE SECURE ONLINE Special Issues! s(IGH QUALITYPEERREVIEWG Q Y P s%XCELLENTSUPPORTPROVIDEDBYDEDICATED)%%%STAFFPP P Y s%XPANDEDCONFERENCEPAPERSUBMISSIONSWELCOME IEEE/OSA JLT Easy-to-Use Authors’ Tools welcomes original advances related to state-of-the-art s2EFERENCEVALIDATION capabilities in the theory, design, fabrication, application, s'RAPHICS#HECKER performance, packaging and reliability of: Plus: s,ASERSANDOPTICALDEVICES s&2%%FORAUTHORSˆ.OMANDATORYPUBLICATIONFEES
YP s&IBER CABLEAND s&2%%POSTINGOFMULTIMEDIALINKSCOLORIMAGESP G WAVELENGTHTECHNOLOGIES s0OSTEDARCHIVEDIN)%%%% Xploree® s3YSTEMS SUBSYSTEMS SENSORSANDDETECTORS

About IEEE Xplorep e®: s/NEOFTHEMOSTWIDELYUSEDENGINEERING/NEOFTHEMOSTWIDELYU Contact us: RESOURCESINTHEWORLDESOU CES E WO D [email protected] s$ELIVERSOVERMILLIONARTICLESANDPAPERS$ELIVERSOVER WORLDWIDE http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jlt-ieee Publication Section

Photonics Journal to become IEEE’s first all open-access journal

Reach a wider audience for your research paper at lower cost Beginning on April 15th, the IEEE Photonics Society’s Photonics Journal Breakthroughs began transitioning to a new “open access” publishing model that will

Coherent Photon Sources Nonlinear Photonic Effects in Photonics Nano-Photonics Bio-Photonics - Silicon Photonics Photonics Materials and Engineered Nanostructures Plasma Photonics, Terahertz and Microwave Photonics is now foster a much wider readership of published papers, reduce the cost of Integrated Photonic Systems 2010 available as open access publication, and enable authors to comply with requirements an open access feature of funding agencies that their research be made available without charge. On January 1, 2013, Photonics Journal will become the first IEEE journal to transition to a completely open access publication process. Lower cost for open access publication Authors choosing the new open access publication option for their papers in Photonics Journal will pay just $1,350 (lowered from $2,800). This one low open access fee covers papers up to eight pages, with additional pages at $120 each. Transition to open access for all submissions to Photonics Journal Until July 1, 2012, authors will have the option of submitting papers under the existing submission rules, or choosing the new open access publication method. After July 1, all papers published in Photonics Journal must be submitted under the open access model. In addition, on January 1, 2013 all back issues of Photonics Journal (including all 2012 papers) will become available via open access. Photonics Journal: the IEEE’s first online-only peer reviewed journal, will be the IEEE’s first all-open-access journal The IEEE Photonics Journal offers a comprehensive technical scope within photonics science and technology, reflecting the latest research in the technical community engaged in the generation, control, detection and utilization of electromagnetic radiation, spanning frequencies from terahertz to x-rays. Please visit the Journal’s website to learn more: http://www.photonicsjournal.org/index.html The Journal maintains the highest standards of editorial quality and fair-minded rigorous review processes, characteristic of all IEEE journals. IEEE Photonics Journal offers rapid publication of papers on IEEE Xplore. The expanded capabilities supported by online publication also allow open-access and multimedia options for authors, while providing significantly increased value to readers.

Learn more about the IEEE Photonics Society at photonicssociety.org

October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 39 Publication Section (cont’d)

Call for Papers

Announcing an Issue of the IEEE JOURNAL thors correctly uploading their final files in the Scholar OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM One Manuscripts “Awaiting Final Files” queue. Final page ELECTRONICS on Semiconductor Lasers proofs of accepted papers are normally posted online Submission Deadline: November 1, 2012 in IEEE Xplore within 6 weeks of authors uploading their final files, if there are no page proof corrections. The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Elec- Hardcopy publication of the issue is scheduled for July/ tronics invites manuscripts that document the current state August 2013. of the art in Semiconductor Lasers. Technical areas in- clude but are not limited to: All submissions will be reviewed in accordance with the • high-speed VCSELs and edge-emitting lasers normal procedures of the Journal. • low energy/bit lasers • Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers For inquiries regarding this Special Issue, please ( VECSELs) contact: • novel high power laser schemes JSTQE Editorial Office - Chin Tan Lutz • short pulse sources IEEE/Photonics Society • micro- and nanolasers 445 Hoes Lane, • short wavelength and visible lasers Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A. • quantum dot/wire lasers Phone: 732-465-5813, • photonic crystal lasers Email: [email protected] • lasers on new semiconductor materials • tunable lasers The following supporting documents are required • lasers in photonic and electronic integrated circuits during the mandatory online submission at http:// • quantum cascade, interband and mid-IR lasers mc.manuscriptcentral.com/pho-ieee (please select the Jour- • THz lasers nal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics from the drop • coupled semiconductor lasers down menu). • semiconductor ring lasers • lasers in microwave photonics 1) PDF or MS Word manuscript (double column format, • synchronization of chaotic lasers, laser dynamics up to 12 pages for an invited paper, up to 8 pages for • SOA and LED topics closely related to lasers a contributed paper). Manuscripts over the standard • new applications of semiconductor lasers page limit will have an overlength charge of $220.00 per page imposed. Biographies of all authors are man- The Primary Guest Editor for this issue is Luke F. Lester, datory, photographs are optional. You may find the University of New Mexico, USA, and the Guest Editors are Tools for Authors link useful: http://www.ieee.org/ Sze-Chun Chan, City University of Hong Kong, China, web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html Vassilios Kovanis, Air Force Research Laboratory, USA, 2) Completed Color Printing Agreement/Decline form. Tomoyuki Miyamoto, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ja- Please email [email protected] to request this form. pan, and Stephen Sweeney, University of Surrey, UK. 3) MS Word document with full contact information for all authors as indicated below: Last name (Family The deadline for submission of manuscripts is November 1, name), First name, Suffix (Dr./Prof./Ms./Mr.), Affili- 2012. Preprints of accepted manuscripts will be post- ation, Department, Address, Telephone, Facsimile, ed on the IEEE Xplore website within 2 weeks of au- Email.

40 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012 Publication Section (cont’d)

Call for Papers

Announcing an Issue of the IEEE uploading their final files, if there are no page proof JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN corrections. Hardcopy publication of the issue is sched- QUANTUM ELECTRONICS on Numerical uled for September/October 2013. Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices Submission Deadline: December 1, 2012 All submissions will be reviewed in accordance with the normal procedures of the Journal. The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Elec- tronics invites manuscript submissions in the area of Nu- For inquiries regarding this Special Issue, please contact: merical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices. The JSTQE Editorial Office - Chin Tan Lutz purpose of this issue of JSTQE is to document the current IEEE/Photonics Society state of the art and the variety of leading-edge work in this 445 Hoes Lane, field through a collection of original papers. Papers are Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A. solicited on theory, modeling, simulation, and analysis of Phone: 732-465-5813, modern optoelectronic devices including materials, fabrica- Email: [email protected] tion and application. Optoelectronic devices are based on the interaction of photons and electrons, including laser The following supporting documents are required during the diodes, light emitting diodes, optical modulators, optical mandatory online submission at http://mc.manuscriptcentral. amplifiers, solar cells, photodetectors, and optoelectronic com/pho-ieee (please select the Journal of Selected Topics in integrated circuits. Validation of theoretical results by mea- Quantum Electronics from the drop down menu). surements is desired. 1) PDF or MS Word manuscript (double column format, The Primary Guest Editor for this issue is Joachim up to 12 pages for an invited paper, up to 8 pages for Piprek, NUSOD Institute, USA, and the Guest Editors a contributed paper). Manuscripts over the standard are Enrico Bellotti, Boston University, USA; Seoung- page limit will have an overlength charge of $220.00 Hwan Park, Catholic University of Daegu, South Korea; per page imposed. Biographies of all authors are man- Bernd Witzigmann, University of Kassel, Germany; Beat datory, photographs are optional. You may find the Ruhstaller, Fluxim AG, Switzerland. Tools for Authors link useful: http://www.ieee.org/ web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html The deadline for submission of manuscripts is December 2) Completed Color Printing Agreement/Decline form. 1, 2012. Preprints of accepted manuscripts will be Please email [email protected] to request this form. posted on the IEEE Xplore website within 2 weeks 3) MS Word document with full contact information of authors correctly uploading their final files in the for all authors as indicated below: Last name (Family Scholar One Manuscripts “Awaiting Final Files” queue. Fi- name), First name, Suffix (Dr./Prof./Ms./Mr.), Affili- nal page proofs of accepted papers are normally post- ation, Department, Address, Telephone, Facsimile, ed online in IEEE Xplore within 6 weeks of authors Email.

October 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 41 Publication Section (cont’d)

Preliminary Call for Papers

Announcing an Issue of the IEEE JOURNAL For inquiries regarding this Special Issue, please contact: OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELEC- JSTQE Editorial Office - Chin Tan Lutz TRONICS on Graphene Optoelectronics IEEE/Photonics Society Submission Deadline: April 1, 2013 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A. The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Elec- Phone: 732-465-5813, tronics (JSTQE) invites manuscript submissions in the area Email: [email protected] of Graphene Optoelectronics. The purpose of this issue of JSTQE is to document leading-edge work in this field The following supporting documents are required through a collection of original and invited papers ranging during the mandatory online submission at: http:// from fundamental physics to applications. mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jstqe-pho

The Primary Guest Editor for this issue is Thomas Müller, 1) PDF or MS Word manuscript (double column for- Vienna University of Technology, Austria. mat, up to 12 pages for an invited paper, up to 8 pages for a contributed paper). Manuscripts over the The deadline for submission of manuscripts is April 1, 2013. standard page limit will have an overlength charge Unedited preprints of accepted manuscripts are normally of $220.00 per page imposed. Biographies of all au- posted online on IEEE Xplore within 1 week of authors thors are mandatory, photographs are optional. You uploading their final files in the ScholarOne Manuscripts may find the Tools for Authors link useful: http:// submission system. The final copy-edited and XML-tagged www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/ version of a manuscript is posted on IEEE Xplore as soon as index.html possible once page numbers can be assigned. This version 2) Completed Color Printing Agreement/Decline form. replaces the preprint and is usually posted well before the Please email [email protected] to request this form. hardcopy of the issue is published. Hardcopy publication of 3) MS Word document with full contact information the issue is scheduled for January/February 2014. for all authors as indicated below: Last name (Family name), First name, Suffix (Dr./ All submissions will be reviewed in accordance with the Prof./Ms./Mr.), Affiliation, Department, Address, normal procedures of the Journal. Telephone, Facsimile, Email.

42 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012 YOU KNOW YOUR STUDENTS NEED IEEE INFORMATION. NOW THEY CAN HAVE IT. AND YOU CAN AFFORD IT.

IEEE RECOGNIZES THE SPECIAL NEEDS OF SMALLER COLLEGES, and wants students to have access to the information that will put them on the path to career success. Now, smaller colleges can subscribe to the same IEEE collections that large universities receive, but at a lower price, based on your full-time enrollment and degree programs. Find out more–visit www.ieee.org/learning ADVERTISER’S INDEX The Advertiser’s Index contained in this issue is IEEE Photonics compiled as a service to our readers and advertis- ers. The publisher is not liable for errors or omis- sions although every effort is made to ensure its Society Newsletter accuracy. Be sure to let our advertisers know you found them through the IEEE Photonics Society Advertising Sales Offices Newsletter. 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway NJ 08854 Advertiser ...... Page # www.ieee.org/ieeemedia Impact this hard-to-reach audience in their own Society General Photonics ...... CVR 2 publication. For further information on product and recruitment advertising, call your local sales office. Lambda Research Corp...... CVR 3 MANAGEMENT Midwest/Ontario, Canada New England/ Optiwave Systems Inc ...... CVR 4 James A. Vick Will Hamilton Eastern Canada Sr. Director, Advertising Phone: 269-381-2156 Liza Reich Phone: 212-419-7767 Fax: 269-381-2556 Phone: +1 212 419 7578 Santec USA Corp...... 25 Fax: 212-419-7589 [email protected] Fax: 212-419-7589 [email protected] IN, MI. Canada: Ontario [email protected] ME, VT, NH, MA, RI Susan E. Schneiderman West Coast/Mountain States Canada: Quebec, Business Development Western Canada Nova Scotia, Manager Marshall Rubin Prince Edward Island, Phone: 732-562-3946 Phone: +1 818 888 2407; Newfoundland, Fax: 732-981-1855 Fax: +1 818 888 4907 New Brunswick [email protected] [email protected] Photonics Society AZ, CO, HI, NM, NV, Southeast Marion Delaney UT, AK, ID, MT, WY, Cathy Flynn Mission Statement Advertising Sales Director OR, WA, CA. Canada: Phone: 770-645-2944 Photonics Society shall advance the interests Phone: 415-863-4717 British Columbia Fax: 770-993-4423 of its members and the laser, optoelectronics, Fax: 415-863-4717 [email protected] [email protected] VA, NC, SC, GA, FL, AL, and photonics professional community by: Europe/Africa/Middle East MS, TN • providing opportunities for information PRODUCT Heleen Vodegel Phone: +44-1875-825-700 exchange, continuing education, and ADVERTISING Midwest/South Central/ Fax: +44-1875-825-701 professional growth; Midatlantic Central Canada [email protected] • publishing journals, sponsoring confer- Lisa Rinaldo Darcy Giovingo Phone: 732-772-0160 Europe, Africa, Middle East ences, and supporting local chapter and Phone: 847-498-4520 Fax: 732-772-0161 Fax: 847-498-5911 student activities; [email protected] Asia/Far East/ [email protected]; • formally recognizing the professional NY, NJ, PA, DE, MD, DC, Pacific Rim AR, IL, IN, IA, KS, LA, contributions of members; KY, WV Susan Schneiderman MI, MN, MO, NE, ND, • representing the laser, optoelectronics, Phone: 732-562-3946 SD, OH, OK, TX, WI. New England/South Central/ Fax: 732-981-1855 and photonics community and serving as Canada: Ontario, Eastern Canada [email protected] Manitoba, Saskatchewan, its advocate within the IEEE, the broader Jody Estabrook Asia, Far East, Pacific Rim, Alberta scientific and technical community, and Phone: 774-283-4528 Australia, New Zealand Fax: 774-283-4527 West Coast/Southwest/ society at large. [email protected] RECRUITMENT Mountain States/Asia ME, VT, NH, MA, RI, CT, ADVERTISING Tim Matteson AR, LA, OK, TX Photonics Society Midatlantic Phone: 310-836-4064 Canada: Quebec, Nova Scotia, Lisa Rinaldo Fax: 310-836-4067 Field of Interest Newfoundland, Prince Edward Phone: 732-772-0160 [email protected] The Field of Interest of the Society shall be la- Island, New Brunswick Fax: 732-772-0161 AZ, CO, HI, NV, NM, sers, optical devices, optical fibers, and associat- [email protected] UT, CA, AK, ID, MT, Southeast ed lightwave technology and their applications NY, NJ, CT, PA, DE, MD, WY, OR, WA. Thomas Flynn DC, KY, WV Canada: British Columbia in systems and subsystems in which quantum Phone: 770-645-2944 electronic devices are key elements. The Society Fax: 770-993-4423 Europe/Africa/Middle East is concerned with the research, development, [email protected] Heleen Vodegel design, manufacture, and applications of ma- VA, NC, SC, GA, FL, AL, MS, TN Phone: +44-1875-825-700 terials, devices and systems, and with the vari- Fax: +44-1875-825-701 ous scientific and technological activities which Midwest/Central Canada [email protected] contribute to the useful expansion of the field of Dave Jones Europe, Africa, quantum electronics and applications. Phone: 708-442-5633 Middle East The Society shall aid in promoting close coop- Fax: 708-442-7620 [email protected] eration with other IEEE groups and societies IL, IA, KS, MN, MO, NE, in the form of joint publications, sponsorship ND, SD, WI, OH of meetings, and other forms of information Canada: Manitoba, exchange. Appropriate cooperative efforts will Saskatchewan, Alberta also be undertaken with non-IEEE societies.

44 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER October 2012 Top 10 Reasons to Buy Tracepro TracePro® Software - Design and Analyze any Optical/Illumination System

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