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Silt Solutions How One Indian Dam Owner Resolves Sediment Issues

Media sponsor of 14 ICOLD PREVIEW: EXPLORE THE ISSUES SET FOR DISCUSSION IN BALI, INDONESIA 22 STOP LEAKS THROUGH DAMS: A SOLUTION FROM SWEDEN NEW! MARINE HYDROKINETICS 21-23 October, 2014, Sao Paulo, Brazil 28

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OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE

8 Sediment Management for Rangit Dam in India By Siba Prasad Sen Changing the operational profle of the 60 MW Rangit Hydro Power Station in Sikkim resolved seasonal siltation issues while maximizing generation capacity for its owners.

ARTICLES

14 Preview of the 82nd Annual ICOLD Meeting By Basuki Hadimuljono Dam design, construction, maintenance and hydroelectric generation professionals can attend a series of seminars, hydro facility tours and a trade exhibition at the International Commission on Large Dams’ 82nd Annual Meeting in Bali, Indonesia.

18 Viewpoints from the Board Room: Black & Veatch 14 By Marla J. Barnes Steve Edwards — the new chairman, president and chief executive offcer of global engineering, consulting and construction frm Black & Veatch — discusses what he sees coming in the future of the hydropower industry globally.

22 Ideas in Action: Dealing with Leakage through a Dam By Ola Hammarberg Excessive leakage through the Vojmsjon Dam in Sweden led the owner to consider a renovation. A steel pile cutoff wall with an interlock system was installed. Since this work was completed in May 2013, leakage through the dam has been cut in half.

DEPARTMENTS

2 Viewpoint: 4 Briefngs 26 Small Hydro 32 Index to Selecting Sustainability Advertisers for Hydropower Designs 24 Tech Notes 28 Marine Hydrokinetics

ADVISORY BOARD

H. Irfan Aker Ian M. Cook Fernando de Menezes e Silva Leon Tromp Luis C. Vintimilla Dolsar Engineering ICCL, Itaipu Binacional Lesotho Highlands Water Consulting Engineer Limited, Turkey United Kingdom Brazil Commission Ecuador Lesotho

Emmanuel Maryse Francois-Xausa Peter Thomas Mulvihill C.V.J. Varma James Yang, PhD Antwi-Darkwa Alstom Hydro France Pioneer Generation, Ltd. Council of Power Utilities and Vattenfall Research Volta River Authority France New Zealand The Dams Society India and Development AB Ghana Sweden

Enrique Cifres Roger Gill Kanchit Ngamsanroaj Raghunath Gopal eWATER Consultant SL Sustena Partners Electricity Generating (R.G.) Vartak Spain Australia Authority of Thailand Consultant, India Thailand

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Selecting Sustainability for Hydropower Designs ® Vol. 22, No. 2, March-April 2014 The hydropower industry has expended tremendous effort to ensure that new proj- PennWell Global Energy Group The Water Tower, Gunpowder Mill, ects are developed with environmental and social sustainability in mind. Rightly so. Powermill Lane, Waltham Abbey, Essex, EN9 1BN, UK Sustainability lies at the heart of the design and development of hydropower today, and Telephone: +44 1992 656 600 Fax: +44 1992 656 700 this effort is widely recognized as a diffcult and on-going transition that is essential to E-mail: [email protected] World Wide Web: http://www.hydroworld.com the survival of the industry. Publisher — Marla Barnes But sustainability should not just consider environmental and social impacts; true +1 918 832 9353 [email protected]

sustainability should also mean that hydropower installations are designed and built for Chief editor — David Appleyard +44 1992 656659 [email protected] the maximum possible operational lifespan. One of the fundamentals of hydropower is senior editor — Elizabeth Ingram that, once constructed, such a project can generate power for a century or even more +1 816 214 5629 [email protected]

where electromechanical equipment is refurbished or replaced. However, there have AssoCiAte editor — Bethany Duarte +1 918 832 9330 [email protected] been a number of recent examples of projects that have apparently lasted far less time ProduCtion MAnAger — Daniel Greene than their design life as a result of poor construction techniques, substandard materials +1 918 831 9401 [email protected]

or the choice of a sub-optimal design. grAPhiC designer — Kermit Mulkins +1 918 831 9554 [email protected] For example, changes made to the design of Zimbabwe’s Tokwe-Mukosi Dam more than a decade ago could have contributed to the displacement of thousands of families subsCriber CustoMer serviCe PO Box 3264, Northbrook, IL 60065-3264, USA earlier this year after water began leaking through cracks in the dam’s walls. Local media Customer Service Phone: 1-847-763-9540 Fax: 847-763-9607 reports suggest a lower cost alternative dam design was chosen against engineering Email: [email protected]

advice. Tragically, this development is far from unique, and there are numerous examples sAles MAnAger: euroPe, AsiA, AfriCA, oCeAniA — Alasdair Evans of projects that require premature refurbishment or redesign, and this inevitably comes +44 1992 656636 [email protected] sAles direCtor: AMeriCAs — Howard Lutzk at a considerable cost to owners and operators. +1 913 402 7119 [email protected]

Of course, it is not always the case that incentives are in place to maximize design rePrints — Rhonda Brown life, but it is essential that dam designers and project engineers do all they can to ensure +1 866 879 9144 [email protected] CorPorAte heAdquArters — PennWell Corp. hydropower developments deliver the maximum possible volume of energy over their 1421 S. Sheridan Road, Tulsa, OK 74112, USA Telephone: +1 918 835 3161 life; to do anything less is a fundamental disservice to the industry. ChAirMAn — Frank T. Lauinger President/Ceo — Robert F. Biolchini Chief finAnCiAl offiCer/senior viCe President — Mark C. Wilmoth Using magazines to make the right decision AudienCe develoPMent MAnAger — Emily Martha Martin It seems that high-quality, concise and business-focused print or digital magazines are v.P. of AudienCe develoPMent & MArketing — June Griffn ProduCtion direCtor — Charlie Cole the top source of information for decision making in the global hydropower industry, The views expressed by contributing authors are those of the individuals according to a recent study into the demographic make-up of those working in the sector. concerned and do not necessarily refect those of HRW or the publishers. This study, by PennWell’s Hydro Group, is based on the readers of HRW-Hydro HRW (ISSN 1072-9542) is published six times in January, March, May, July, September, and November by PennWell Global Energy Group, The Water Tower, Gunpowder Mill, Powermill Lane, Waltham Abbey, Es- Review Worldwide and our sister publication Hydro Review, as well as those visiting sex, EN9 1BN, UK; phone +44 1992 656 600. Printed in the U.K. Ca- nadian GST Registration Number 12681 3153 RT0001. Canada Post HydroWorld.com or attending HydroVision events in the USA, Brazil, Russia and India. International Publications Mail Product (Canadian Distribution) Publi- cations Agreement No. 40029359. @Copyright 2014 by PennWell Corp. Based on these demographics, nearly 80% of those surveyed have more than 10 years (Registered in U.S. Patent Trademark Offce). No part of this periodical may be reproduced without the consent of the publisher. Authorization to of hydro industry-specifc experience and have major responsibilities across the spread photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specifc clients, is granted by HRW, ISSN 1072-9542, provided of hydropower projects and companies. that the appropriate fee is paid directly to Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA 508-750-8400. Prior to It is also clear that the need for technical and industry information is high on the list of photocopying items for educational classroom use, please contact Copy- right Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA 508-750-8400. Periodicals postage paid at Tulsa, OK and additional priorities, which along with reports on specifc topics are indicated as signifcant drivers mailing offces. Annual subscription rate: US$44 per year. Single cop- ies: US$20. Payments accepted in U.S. funds only. HRW is a subscriber by well over half of all respondents. to Business News Americas news services and incorporates their copy in its news columns. POSTMASTER: Send change of address, other circu- lation information to HRW, PO Box 3264, Northbrook, IL 60065-3264. “HRW” is a registered trademark of PennWell Corp. Return undeliver- able Canadian addresses to P.O. Box 122, Niagara Falls, ON L2E 6S4.

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India buzzes with hydro development activity “The Designs Division of the Department of Water A signifcant amount of activity is occurring in the Indian hydro- Development began a thorough investigation into the Coyne power market. Most recently, India’s Bharat Heavy Electricals et Bellier design report and came up with a cheaper alternative Limited has been awarded a contract worth about US$52 million in the form of a concrete-faced rock-flled dam,” said a report to outft the 206 MW Shahpurkandi project being built in the released in 1998 — the same year in which construction of Tokwe- state of Punjab. Mukosi began. The dam was built by Italy’s Salini and Impregilo. Shahpurkandi, being developed by Punjab State Power Construction of the dam was not completed until 2008. Corporation Limited, will be located in Gurdaspur district down- The Zimbabwe National Water Authority has since said that stream from Ranjit Sagar Dam. The contract includes the design, Tokwe-Mukosi — which is still being built — will not collapse. manufacture, supply, installation and commissioning of electromechanical equipment: generating units, transformers, controls Work proceeds at three Russian plants and monitoring systems, and erection and commissioning equip- Development is moving forward at three hydro plants in Russia. ment. The project includes dual powerhouses — one with three In late February, Voith Hydro delivered the frst of six massive 33 MW turbines, and the second with three 33 MW turbines and runners to the 4,500 MW Bratsk plant. Transported by one of one 8 MW turbine. the world’s largest aircraft, the Antonov AN124-100, the turbine In other news, a consortium led by the Abu Dhabi National was manufactured at Voith Hydro’s factory in St. Polten, Austria. Energy Co (TAQA) is expected to close on a pair of hydropower Voith Hydro said the 73 ton runner was transported via air at the projects in Himachal Pradesh state, news sources in Asia report. request of the client, Irkutskenergo, “as it considerably shortened The US$2 billion deal would see TAQA take control of two the time to installation.” unnamed plants with a combined capacity of 1,300 MW from The project, on the Angara River, was commissioned in 1967. India’s Jaiprakash Power Ventures. TAQA would take a major- The plant is owned by OAO EuroSibEnergo and is home to ity interest in the projects, while India’s IDFC Alternatives and 18 turbine generators of 225 MW each. Canada’s PSP Investments will hold the remainder. In addition, work on the 100 MW Gotsatlinskaya plant on the Finally, Greenko has announced its acquisition of the 70 MW Avarskoye River in Dagestan is 75% complete, project developer Budhil plant from Lanco Hydro. The run-of-river project in JSC RusHydro says. When it is complete, Gotsatlinskaya’s dam Himachal Pradesh increases Greenko’s total hydro portfolio to will have a height of 68 meters. RusHydro said in mid-February 245 MW. Budhil’s value is slightly more than US$104 million, the that concrete works at the intake and spillway were in progress, company said. The plant is expected to have a load factor of 57% while construction of a mudslide protection trough and bridge and produce an annual estimated $18.9 million of EBITDA over were nearing completion. Power will be generated by two 50 MW the long term, based on current exchange rates. Francis turbines, both of which have been installed, RusHydro said. Finally, Unit 2 at the 356.4 MW Rybinskaya plant has been Tokwe-Mukosi Dam faws linked to cost cutting replaced, according to equipment manufacturer Power Machines. Changes to the design of Tokwe-Mukosi Dam in Zimbabwe, The modernization project increased the capacity of Rybinskaya made more than a decade ago, could have contributed to the faws (also called “Rubinsk”) by about 10 MW. Power Machines said that caused the displacement of thousands of families earlier this the new 65 MW unit passed tests in December 2013, at which year, according to a report by The Financial Gazette. point separate components and systems were checked under no- In February, more than 4,500 residents in areas downstream load trial runs. The unit was then offcially commissioned after from Tokwe-Mukosi were evacuated following heavy rains in running for 72 hours under load. Zimbabwe’s Masvingo province, after water began leaking through cracks in the dam’s walls. Andritz wins contract for Angola’s 2,070 MW Luaca According to The Financial Gazette, French frm Coyne et Andritz has been awarded a contract to supply electromechanical Bellier was commissioned to provide a study for the dam and a equipment for Angola’s 2,070 MW Luaca plant. The exact value hydropower plant in 1967. The idea was tabled then resurrected of the order was not specifed, although the company said compa- in 1980, and Coyne et Bellier provided further studies in the mid- rable orders have fallen into “the lower three-digit million range.” 1980s. The group proposed a concrete arch dam in 1992, but the Per the award, Andritz will provide six 340 MW Francis tur- design was deemed too expensive by the Zimbabwe government. bines, generators and other equipment. The order was placed by

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1403HRW_5 5 3/14/14 2:56 PM Angola’s Empresa Nacional de Electricidade via Construtora Pakistan’s Secretary of Economic Affairs Division, Nargis Sethi, Norberto Odebrecht. the declaratory statement adds to recent funding received from The Lauca project will be on the Kwanza River between the Germany’s Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau (KfW) bank. EIB said existing Cambambe and Capanda complexes and is part of a it is providing the loan under its current lending mandate for Asia continuing effort by the government to increase the country’s and Latin America. hydroelectric capacity. Andritz said the project is scheduled for Keyal Khwar, on the Keyal River in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa commissioning at the end of 2017. province, is being developed by the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA). Construction is expected to take four years. Alstom supplying equipment for Georgia’s Shaukhevi In other news, Voith Hydro of Germany and Voith Hydro An Alstom-led consortium has been awarded a US$41.23 million Shanghai have been awarded a joint contract to supply electro- contract to equip the 178.6 MW Shaukhevi plant. Alstom’s share of mechanical works for the 1,410 MW Tarbela 4 project extension the contract is worth about $27.5 million and includes the supply on the Indus River. Offered by WAPDA, the US$312 million and installation of two 89.3 MW vertical Francis turbines, gover- contract indicates Voith will provide three vertical-shaft Francis nors, spherical-type main inlet valves, three-phase generator step- turbines and 470 MW generators, main inlet and relief valves, up transformers, a 220 kV gas-insulated switchyard, an overhead generator transformers, 500 kV SF6 circuit breakers, switchgear, crane and mechanical and electrical balance-of-plant equipment. control instrumentation, supervisory control and data acquisition The project, on the Adjaristskali River in the Adjara region, systems, and other associated powerhouse equipment. is being developed by Adjaristsqali Georgia LLC, Norway’s The Tarbela 4 extension will add a fourth powerhouse to the Consortium of Clean Energy Invest AS, the International 3,478 MW Tarbela project. The World Bank is reportedly provid- Financing Corporation, and Tata Power Company Limited of ing US$840 million of the expansion’s US$928 million price tag. India. The cascade project will eventually include the 150 MW Koromkheti, 65 MW Khertvisi and 10 MW Skhalta facilities. Statkraft reveals hydro rehab plan in quarterly report Shaukhevi, which is expected to supply energy to both Georgia Norwegian state-owned utility Statkraft has announced its inten- and Turkey, represents one of Georgia’s largest foreign direct tion to invest nearly US$2 billion through 2018 for upgrades investment projects to date. and modernization to its hydroelectric power feet. The company announced the program in its quarterly statement that was Hydropower prominent part of Africa’s energy future released in early February. A meeting between high-level leaders from Africa and Europe Statkraft said the rehabilitation works are primarily intended has established the goal of providing energy access to 100 million to extend the life of its hydropower plants, meaning increases Africans by 2020, and hydroelectric power will play a key role. to the company’s cumulative hydropower output will likely be The meeting of the Africa-European Union Energy Partnership insignifcant. The report shows that hydropower accounted for included more than 450 participants from 40 countries, at which the about 95% of Statkraft’s total output in 2013. The company has AEEP announced its goal of creating 10 GW of new hydropower. hydroelectric assets in Norway, Finland, Sweden, Germany, the “The Africa-EU Energy Partnership is a bold initiative founded UK, Peru, Chile, Brazil, Sri Lanka, India and the Philippines. on a simple fact: namely, that energy is fundamental to development,” said Andris Piebalgs, Commissioner for Development World’s largest hydroelectric event three-peats as Cooperation with the European Commission. “Fastest 50” recipient Per recommendations established during the meeting, AEEP HydroVision International, the world’s largest event dedicated said it hopes to “reinforce the dialogue between policy-makers and to the hydroelectric power industry, has been recognized for the stakeholders from the private sector, civil society and academia on third time by Trade Show Executive as one of the fastest-growing topics corresponding to the Africa-EU Energy Partnership 2020 tradeshows in the USA. targets: energy access, renewable energy market development, The “Fastest 50” award is determined based on the event’s net energy effciency and cross border interconnections.” square feet of exhibit space sold and the number of participating While offcials said this frst meeting focused more on estab- exhibitors. HydroVision International 2013 — held in Denver, lishing broader goals, AEEP said the next one will be “directed Colo. — boasted more than 3,100 attendees from 53 countries. foward shaping a forward-looking vision for energy cooperation” Represented at the HydroVision International event were large and “to delivering concrete results.” and small hydropower producers; project developers; construction, law, consulting, engineering and fnancial frms; equipment Pakistan: project funding and plant expansion manufacturers and suppliers; policy-makers and regulators; The European Investment Bank has granted a US$137 million resource agencies; and other non-governmental organizations. loan to Pakistan to build the 128 MW Keyal Khwar project. HydroVision International 2014 takes place July 22-25 in Signed by EIB Vice President Magdalena Alvarez Arza and Nashville, Tennessee, USA (www.hydroevent.com).

6 HRW / March-April 2014 www.hydroworld.com

1403HRW_6 6 3/14/14 2:56 PM The people of Fiji are now saving more the $20 million (U.S.) a year on energy after investing in the Nadarivatu Hydropower Station located on the island of Viti Levu. MWH paired with the Fiji Electricity Authority to complete this 42 MW project, which is now providing clean renewable energy to remote communities of the island for the first time, bringing the nation of Fiji one step closer to their energy independence goals.

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1403HRW_7 7 3/14/14 2:56 PM Sediment Management for Rangit Dam in India Rangit River, a major tributary of River Teesta, in the Eastern Himalaya supplies the 60 MW Rangit Hydro Power Station which was commissioned in February 2000 by NHPC. However, the river transports a large quantity of silt with its water during the monsoon months of May to September and during an incident in 2006 the project’s powerhouse was fooded.

t around midnight on July 11, 2006, the gates and dam was reviewed. A distinct change of By Siba Prasad Sen ARangit River brought a food of 1405 cumec operation procedure of the intake gates and spill- peak with sediment concentration of 51.5 kg/cumec ways was made. This led to dramatic improvement (kilogram/cubic meter/second) to the powerhouse in performance and operation of the powerhouse and the three machines which were generating at though reduced the peak power generation capac- full power. Sediment, along with trash, entered in ity to some extent. However, annual damage to the different parts and components of the turbines, ogee spillway and downstream stilling basin could cooling water system, valves, etc choking them all. not be mitigated fully as the concentration and char- Having stopped generation, the cleaning opera- acteristics of sediment fow over the spillway could tion was started but two days later on the 13th not be reduced. while cleaning a valve, water fow suddenly started through it. The jammed valve could not be closed Power station general information and the powerhouse was subsequently fooded up The Rangit Hydropower Station was built by to the service bay level. The powerhouse could be NHPC Ltd on the Rangit River, a major right bank

This article is an extract brought back to operation only by the middle of tributary of the Teesta River in the Eastern Himalaya

based on a presentation October and heavy losses were incurred in power in Sikkim. The river arises from the Talung glacier

by Siba Prasad Sen, a generation as well as damage to the turbines and and it meets the Teesta river at Melli after travelling

hydropower consulatant generators. 61 kilometers from its source. At the dam site, the

and former Director To reduce the probability of such catastrophe catchment area drained is 979 square kilometers.

Technical, NHPC Ltd. in the future, the operation procedure of spillway Rain-fed catchment is 712 square kilometers and

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1403HRW_8 8 3/14/14 2:56 PM the balance area is snow fed above a snow It is apparent that there is no correla- dam itself. Spillways and the major part line contour of 4,570 meters. Elevation tion between annual sediment and annual of the stilling basin were repaired before of the catchment varies from about 600 discharge, which makes the sediment fow the ensuing monsoon i.e. May 2006. High meters to about 7,338 meters. Around 360 prediction or forecasting during monsoon performance concrete with micro-silica metres upstream of the dam, the Rangit practically impossible. However, though was used as the top surface in a layer about meets another river, the Rothangchu. Both such high sediment load was not estimated 500 mm thick. The remaining part of the the Rangit and Rothangchu rivers carry during design stage of the project, the stilling basin was repaired during the dry large quantities of sediment, mainly dur- intake structure was provided with two season of early 2007. ing monsoon months. The Rangit dam is intake gates at different levels. a concrete gravity dam of 50 metres high Spillway crest level of the dam is 620 Powerhouse fooding and over its deepest foundation. It has three m, lower intake crest level is 621.50, and damage: July 2006 spillways with gates. The width of each crest of upper intake is 632.50. The mon- On 11 July 2006 the high discharge food spillway bay is 9 metres, and total width soon discharge sees substantive water and with its very high sediment concentration of the spillway opening is 39 metres. The sediment fows through the spillway, and came suddenly and meant that the lower spillway is designed for a food of 2725 results in high concentration of sediment intake gate could not be closed immedi- cumec (cubic meter/second) at full res- fow in the level of the lower intake. ately. Flood water along with wooden logs, ervoir level (FRL). The dam has a gross River Rangit is almost across from the silt and debris which could pass through storage of 1.06 million cum (cubic meter). intake and carries the larger share of sedi- the trashrack entered the head race tunnel. The live storage as per a 2006 post mon- ment brought by the two rivers to the dam. It choked both the desilting basins. A high soon reservoir survey is 0.983 million cum. Moderation of concentration of variation content of sediment and mud also reached The reservoir is small but has two limbs of of sediment in the reservoir does not take the powerhouse through the tunnel. As about 1 km length each extended to both place due to the short distance between the a result, all the hydro components of the the Rangit and Rothangchu. The intake intake and the confuence of the rivers as powerhouse got choked and pressure in structure for the power tunnel is located well as the short length and small depth of main inlet valve (MIV) started falling. in the left bank of the dam and river. The the reservoir, whose dead storage space is With the choking of the cooling water head race tunnel (HRT) is 3 km long and almost flled by sediment deposits. system, all three generating units were shut carries a design discharge of 56 cumec. At Furthermore, the spillway also was bearing down at 1.30 AM. It is understood that the the end of the tunnel and the surface pen- the brunt of such sediment fow in each reason for such high sediment fow with stock, the surface powerhouse is located at monsoon period. Petrography analysis high debris and logs was due to the burst- the bank of the River Rangit. With three of sediment indicated that about 65% of ing of a natural dam formed about 16 km units of 20 MW each, the total generating sediment has quartz as its main compo- upstream. capacity of the project is 60 MW. The proj- nent. This fow of sediment was inficting On July 13 a jammed open strainer ect was commissioned in December 1999/ signifcant damages on turbine parts such isolating valve saw the water level start to February 2000. as runners, guide vanes, labyrinth, bottom rise. Within four hours, the powerhouse seals and other underwater components up to the service bay level was submerged. Flow characteristics and clogging the cooling water pipes and Consequently, a number of components Between 70 to 80% of the total fow takes system. Sediment was also causing large got submerged including the drainage/ place during the monsoon months, i.e. June scale damages to the ogee and glacis of the dewatering pump and their control panel, to September. If the pre-monsoon month spillway and the stilling basin. main inlet valve, turbine, stator, rotor, and of May is added, the fow percentage would The damage to the spillway and stilling the excitation panel of all units, among reach as high as 85%. Average annual basin was much more toward the left hand others. sediment load as estimated during project bays of the glacis and stilling basin. Due The complete powerhouse was dewa- design is 2.69 million tons. However, the to a sharp angle of confuence of the river tered and cleaned of silt by August 13. observed sediment load since 2006-07 is Rothang where it meets the Rangit, the Action for restoration of the powerhouse much more, ranging between 3.8 million fow and more of the sediment infow with was taken up with involvement of BHEL, tons to 17.28 million tons. higher inertia tends to adhere to the left the manufacturer of machines and ancil- It appears that, while during the mon- bank. This caused asymmetrical damage to liary components. Restoration activity soon months 70% to 80% of river discharge the spillway and also more sediment enter- included, for example, cleaning of the sta- fows through the river, it carries with it ing in the intake, being located in the left tor, rotor and generating parts including 90% to 98% of sediment load during this bank. The damage to the stilling basin was air blowing, cleaning/fushing out of water period. This makes the operation of dam so severe that it was considered to have lines, stator coolers and bearing coolers and powerhouse a diffcult job. become a danger to the stability of the and pressure testing. For the turbines,

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1403HRW_9 9 3/14/14 2:56 PM work included restoration of govornors and replacement of shaft seals. NHPC powerhouse team worked almost 24 hours continuously to restore generation. All three units were operational by October 18. www.sealsunlimited.com Due to this disaster, NHPC lost about US$7 million in power Hillsboro, Oregon generation and about US$1 million in restoration and damage repair works.

Remedial measures It was understood that due to a number of limitations, the Rangit Power station is vulnerable to high sediment fow in the river and also in the head race tunnel through the two-tier intake. Signifcant factors include the small reservoir capacity and that both the rivers Rangit and Rothangchu transport high sediment loads during the monsoon season and sometimes with unusually high concentrations. Furthermore, the lower intake being close to the spillway level, i.e., almost the sedimented reservoir bed level, sediment in high proportion can enter into the intake easily as a proportionately large fow will be drawn through the lower intake. The high concentration of sediment chokes the desilting basin, cooling water system and damages the underwater parts, affecting the running of the powerhouse, sometimes with catastrophic effects. Many alternative solutions to this problem were explored, including a proposal to close down the low level intake during monsoon months. Hydraulics of the intake were examined. The full reservoir level is at 639 m and upper intake crest is at 632.50 m. It was found that drawing the full design discharge through the upper intake will increase head- loss through the intake by 0.2 to 0.3 m and this can be compensated for by increasing the full reservoir level by about 0.12/0.15 m and also increasing the discharge by a small percentage of the design discharge. Flow was otherwise found to be smooth. The designer conceived two levels of intakes while adopting the following operational rules for the intake and spillway gates: 1. During monsoon or high fow periods all three spillway gates are to be opened equally so that no uneven distribution of water and sediment takes place in the dam and, more importantly, in the stilling basin. 2. During the months from May 1 to September 30, the lower intake gate should be kept closed irrespective of sediment load travelling through the river. 3. As the river discharge increases during monsoon intermittently, the powerhouse should be closed and all spillway gates should be opened allowing drawdown in the reservoir for sediment fushing as per a number of procedures. For example, during June, fushing is to be carried out when river discharge crosses 200 cumec. One fushing should be carried out irrespective of river discharge. During July, fushing is to be carried out when river discharge crosses 400 cumec and if June discharges do not cross this mark, then one fushing should be carried out in July irrespective of discharge. In each case, during the last hour of fushing, the lower gate of the intake is to be opened and sediment which has accumulated adje- cent to this gate should be removed through the spillway and desilt- http://hrw.hotims.com RS #xx ing basin, keeping all the gates of the desilting basin open. Then the lower gate is to be closed.

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1403HRW_11 11 3/14/14 2:56 PM 4. After September 30 the lower intake improvement in machine availability. bring back the powerhouse in the normal gate may be opened but after October Regarding damage to the spillway generation mode, but a large revenue loss 31 should be kept open so that peak and stilling basin, this continued but at a was incurred. power can be generated. During the much reduced scale due to the use of high In this circumsance, an alternative solu- monsoon when the intake is drawing performance concrete with micro-silica. tion for the safe operation of the dam and the design discharge or more than 75% Minor repairs were required in the post powerhouse was explored. A far from ideal of the design discharge, both the lower 2010 monsoon and post 2012 monsoons. alternative, based on an advanced forcast- and upper intake gates shall be kept Further research on high-performance ing system for operations at the dam, fully open for smooth fow with mini- concrete for developing erosion- and was rejected as a solution due to many mum head loss. This is to be done until cavitation-resistant concrete surface is limitations. sediment concentration in the fow is very much required. Subsequently, a review of the operating less than 5 kg/cumec. procedure of the dam and powerhouse 5. As the sediment concentration in the Summary was performed and new guidelines were fow reaches 5 kg/cumec and more, the Rangit Dam and its powerhouse has implemented under the existing condi- lower gate of the intake is to be closed. abundant water fow and also sediment tions of operation based on dam site data This would lead to some additional discharge. The project appears to be under observation. This resulted in substantive head loss. designed as far as capacity of the genera- improvement of the overall performance. tion is concerned. The new guidelines are also expected to Post food performance However, it is a diffcult power station take care of evantualities such as the July In 2007-08 repair work for the underwater to operate in view of very high sediment 2006 food. parts, which was left over from the previ- fow during the monsoon with capacity However, erosion and cavitation dam- ous year, was undertaken and completed. of the reservoir being small. In July 2006, age to the spillways is an issue for which Hence the capacity index during the year a catstrophic food with large sediment some progress has been made by use of remained almost the same as the pre-disas- concentration caused havoc to the power high-performance concrete with micro- ter year. But from 2008-09 onwards, the station and dam. Determined efforts by silica and further on-site research is very performance of Rangit has seen a dramatic the team of engineers and tecninians could much required. ■

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1403HRW_13 13 3/14/14 2:56 PM ICOLD Preview

ICOLD 82nd Annual Meeting: Dams in Global Environmental Challenges

Professionals in dam design, construction, maintenance and hydroelectric generation will be offered a series of educational seminars, tours of Indonesian hydro facilities and a trade exhibition during the International Commission on Large Dams’ 82nd Annual Meeting, to be held June 2-6 in Bali, Indonesia.

embers of the International Commission on — Water quality management, including By Basuki Hadimuljono MLarge Dams (ICOLD) will convene in Bali, assessment of sedimentation in the reservoir, bio- Indonesia, June 2-6, 2014, for the organization’s geochemical balance disturbances, and modeling; 82nd Annual Meeting, where the focus is “Dams in — Catchment area management for sustainable Global Environmental Challenges.” development, including land use planning, sedi- In addition to the annual assembly of ICOLD ment control, public participation, and assessment members, the event includes a one-day symposium of catchment erosion; on Monday, June 4, where experts will present their — Challenges in dam safety policy and imple- research in a number of important areas. The 25 mentation, monitoring and early warning systems, ICOLD technical committees will also meet to com- risk analysis and management, inspection and instru- pile and share knowledge gained in dam design, ment monitoring; and construction, maintenance and operation. — Dam operation in connection with The annual meeting is also offering climate change, including adaption and technical tours for delegates to take in mitigation of climate change; the role and around Bali. The exhibition por- dams play in food, energy, and water tion of the event will feature companies security; food and drought analysis; from all over the globe promoting their and revitalization of existing dams products and technologies. Social events and reservoirs. are scheduled for delegates to build new rela- Papers will be presented orally by authors or tionships while enjoying local cuisine and culture. displayed as posters in the lobby.

Symposium Technical committee workshops This year’s symposium will focus on the role and Two technical committee workshops are organized impact of dams in global environmental challenges. on June 2, where the committees will start their work The symposium is organized to give as many and then submit bulletins at the general assembly opportunities to present papers as possible. Experts for approval. will be asked to present the latest development in their felds of expertise and to give their views on State-of-the-art workshops key issues raised. Each technical committee will frst meet in a work- The presentations will cover seven broad topics shop setting. All members of the technical commit- within this focus, all of which speak to the impor- tees make short presentations that summarize their tance of critical infrastructure in regards to environ- personal contributions to the technical committee as

Basuki Hadimuljono, mental management and protection: experts in their countries and based on their profes-

PhD, is the president of — Social and environmental aspects of dams, sional experiences. These workshops are open to all

the Indonesian National such as the effects of greenhouse gases, public par- participants. The discussions give valuable input for

Committee on Large ticipation, and land acquisition and resettlement; the future work of the technical committees.

Dams, which is hosting the — Engineering issues in dam development,

International Commission including management of and instrumentation for Final knowledge transfer workshops

on Large Dams’ 2014 aging dams, dam safety, and natural dams; At the end of the preparation of the bulletin,

annual meeting. — Challenges in tailing dam projects; each technical committee organizes a workshop

14 HRW / March-April 2014 www.hydroworld.com

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1403HRW_15 15 3/14/14 2:56 PM one on small dams and the other on soil cemented dams. The small dams workshop will discuss safety assurance and environmental aspects on small dams, specifcally the regulation, safety and development of small dams, retroftting small dams in order to adapt to climate change and the environment, and public participation in the development and management of small dams. The soil cemented dam workshop will feature presentations highlighting the experiences associated with the use of cemented One of the technical tours will visit Telaga Tunjung Dam, an earth fll dam constructed in 2003 that plays a role in irrigation for the surrounding area. soil, the regulations and construction of small soil cemented dams in Indonesia, as where the bulletin is presented by several The second technical tour will frst visit well as a presentation on planning, design- members. These workshops are open Titab Dam, which irrigates felds covering ing and constructing larger dams in China. to all participants. The ensuing discus- 17,498.2 acres. The dam is also the site of a Engineers under the age of 35 are invited sion will give feedback on the bulletins 1.5 MW turbine, which helps to power the to participate in the Young Engineer Forum, before their submission for approval at the dam and the surrounding communities. which will be held Tuesday, June 2, as well general assembly. Lovina Beach is the second stop on the as a correlated networking event on June 5. tour, followed by a visit to Lake Beratan, Finally, regional clubs will be holding Technical tours the second largest lake in Bali. activities, meetings and events to provide Two all-day technical tours are offered as In addition to the technical tours, three delegates the opportunity to exchange part of a delegate registration on Thursday, pre-meeting and four post-meeting tours knowledge and network within the follow- June 5. are also available for delegates and guests to ing regions: European, African, American, The frst will travel to Pura Taman Ayun take that extend beyond the borders of Bali Asia-Australia and Francophone. (Temple of Beautiful Garden), a royal tem- and show dams and power plants in various ple built in 1634 and designated as one of provinces of Indonesia, including Sumatra, Exhibition UNESCOs Cultural World Heritage sites. Java, Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara, The exhibition portion of the annual meet- Next, the group will tour Telaga Tunjung and Yogyakarta. ing will be open June 3-6 and features Tabanan Dam, an earthfll dam responsible approximately 100 booths. Product and for irrigating 1,800 hectares. The dam was Additional opportunities service providers with expertise in the fol- built in 2003 and is 33 m high, 226 m There are a number of other opportu- lowing areas will be on hand to present their long, with a volume of 1.3 million m3. The nities for delegates to learn and share technology and achievements for delegates: fnal stop on the tour is to Pura Tanah Lot knowledge beyond the symposium and water resource management; constructing (Temple of Land in the Middle of the Sea), technical committees, including two and operating contractors; dam construc- a tiny island formed by gradual erosion of workshops on Friday, June 6. Both tion; engineering and consulting frms; the ocean tides over thousands of years. workshops will be held for delegates, electrifcation benefts; hydroelectric power companies; designing hydroelectric power Dams in Indonesia With a current reservoir capacity of stations; plants producing special equip- Indonesia currently faces an urgent 14.93 billion m3, Indonesia has a low ratio ment; environment specialist and consul- demand for the development of sustain- of storage per capita when compared to tants; companies working in the feld of able water resources and management other Asian countries. Minister Kirmanto clean water supply; organizations working due to a rapid population increase and stated that the country is planning new in the feld of irrigation; organizations and environmental concerns, says Djoko infrastructure development to add to its committees fnancing projects; and com- Kirmanto, minister of public works feet of more than 1,000 dams, 130 of puter organizations. for Indonesia. The development of which are large. The country is home to To register for Bali 2014, visit www. critical infrastructure is an impor- 30 conventional hydroelectric plants and icold2014bali.org. Online registration is avail- tant component of the country’s plan fve pumped storage facilities with a com- able, or a pdf form can be downloaded and moving forward. bined installed capacity of 9,201 MW. returned by mail or fax. ■

16 HRW / March-April 2014 www.hydroworld.com

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1403HRW_17 17 3/14/14 2:56 PM Executive Interview

Viewpoints from the Board Room: Black & Veatch

Steve Edwards — the new chairman, president, and chief executive offcer of global engineering, consulting and construction frm Black & Veatch — discusses what he sees coming in the future of the hydropower industry globally and the role he sees Black & Veatch playing in that future.

lack & Veatch is a global engineering, consult- Edwards: I don’t think they will be called divisions By Marla J. Barnes Bing and construction company that specializes for much longer — they’ll be considered businesses. in infrastructure development in energy, water, The term “division” infers separation, but that’s not telecommunications and environmental markets. what we’re about. It’s about working together as Founded in 1915 and headquartered in Kansas, ONE Black & Veatch. USA, Black & Veatch offers engineering, procure- In a given year, there are a thousand projects that ment, design, consulting, asset management, envi- utilize common proccesses and tools, share knowl- ronmental and security consultation services. edge across the boundaries, and work together HRW - Hydro Review Worldwide recently sat between water, energy and telecommunications. down with Steve Edwards, newly named As we increase that going forward, those boundary chairman, president, and chief executive lines will disappear even more. offcer of Black & Veatch, to discuss the role the company is playing in the global Q: Let’s talk also about your interest in moving hydropower industry and the vision he your business to different parts of the world and has for Black & Veatch in his new role. some of the work you’ve done to open up those markets, specifcally in terms of hydropower. Q: Please share the philosophy What do you see as the opportunity? of “ONE Black & Veatch” — the initiative to offer your entire Edwards: We have seen a large number of oppor- suite of services to clients across tunities in southeast Asia. The company has a market sectors — and what long, rich history of energy project development that means for hydropower. in Indonesia and we plan to pursue hydropower development there as well. We have a good under- Steve Edwards Edwards: “ONE Black & Veatch” is standing of the clients, the culture and the needs an effort to pull the company together and lever- of that particular country. One thing that makes age our talents across all the markets we serve — Indonesia unique is all the different islands that are energy, water and telecommunications — instead not electrifed. Some of those have hydro potential, of seeing them as individual divisions. so that’s defnitely an opportunity for us. We are We had previously heard clients saying, “I currently in the discussion and pursuit phase on didn’t realize Black & Veatch did that.” As I these projects, although we do not have an active travel around the globe visiting our offces, I’ll project going at the moment. see these concentrations of talent that are doing In addition to Indonesia, we have prospects in something I didn’t know we had done. It’s excit- Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand. We have a ing to work towards leveraging these talents and long history in those countries as well. abilities and offering a broader spectrum solution to our clients. Q: And do you have offces in Southeast Asia?

Marla Barnes is Q: Hydropower is currently part of your Edwards: We have offces in Jakarta, Singapore,

publisher of HRW-Hydro water sector as opposed to the energy sector, Bangkok, Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Vietnam

Review Worldwide. but are these divisions going to continue? and Shenzhen.

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1403HRW_19 19 3/14/14 2:56 PM Q: Can you talk a little bit about costs. Even with low operating costs, hydro the countries and regions previously men- your interest in South America? development requires someone willing to tioned, in addition to developed countries take a long-term view to yield the benefts like the UK and Canada. Edwards: We are doing some work in from those projects. If it’s a good project, Chile, and our plans are to use that as a we can get the fnancing. If the utility or Q: Following up on the fnancing topic, springboard to increase the amount of work developer cannot do it on their own balance because Black & Veatch has “out- we are doing in the region. We are of-the-box” thinking on this doing the same thing in South subject, can you share with us Africa and plan to springboard I think you will see more some mechanisms or models from that success. to obtain fnancing, as that is In South Africa and Latin public-private partnerships in such a struggle for developers? America, there are good prospects in hydro. The low carbon the future. Essentially, if there’s a Edwards: I think you will see footprint and low operating costs more public-private partnerships make it a good solution where the good project, there are people in the future. These will look dif- capacity is there to do it. ferent than what has been done willing to invest in infrastructure. in the past. Essentially, if there’s Q: There is clearly opportunity a good project, there are people for hydro development in the willing to invest in infrastructure. future. What are your thoughts on the sheet, then there are ways to deal with that They need to understand the risks and challenges of fnancing, especially new through public-private partnerships. returns of such a project, yes, but we can greenfeld development of hydro projects? As many developing countries have help them understand those. the resources needed for development We can also assist them in working with Edwards: Hydro clearly has a place in and it’s a good long-term investment that clients and owners to get the projects to the future of power generation. Many of provides decades of service once in place, fnancial close. We know that a number of those challenges are obviously high capital we think hydro is a viable option in all of fnancial entities with funds available are

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20 HRW / March-April 2014 www.hydroworld.com

1403HRW_20 20 3/14/14 2:56 PM looking for good investments and can direct clients and owners to them. We know what kind of returns they’re after and also the risk profles that drive their decisions.

Q: And you see that no matter where you are in the world. Would that be true?

Edwards: There are places we go that I see that. However, there are still places we can’t go due to political situations and security issues that might prevent Western companies from being able to operate in that environment.

Q: Regarding the whole water-energy nexus, what is your thought about the nexus between power and water, and what is the importance of recognizing that?

Edwards: Our view is that in order to provide water, you need electricity, and in terms of hydro, the converse is also true. They are dependent on each other. We think because of our large areas of expertise in both that we can help clients understand how to optimize their operations to use that dependency to their advantage. What we are seeing now is an increased emphasis on water and energy conservation, along with energy effciency, so it’s a good time to leverage our expertise across these two businesses and strat- egize on how to increase effciency overall. Many of our water clients are working on projects that could easily support an energy component, while many of our energy clients are seeing the role water could play in their systems if they were to take advantage of asset management and optimize their networks. There’s a lot happening on both sides of the equation.

Q: As you are new to this role in the company, where do you hope to lead Black & Veatch in the future?

Edwards: Our goal is to have a much more balanced portfolio geographically and to maintain some good performance at the company as we do that. We’ve set some strong objectives for the company to reach $7 billion in revenue by 2020 and to also diver- sify our markets both geographically and within a business line perspective. We anticipate growth in a number of areas outside our domestic markets, including movement in India and many parts of southeast Asia.

Q: Do you see hydro as a major part of that growth plan for Black & Veatch?

Edwards: I defnitely see good growth in hydro. We see potential growth in southeast Asia and Latin America, along with programs www.wassara.com like what we are doing with Scottish Water. For details, see http:// www.hydroworld.com/articles/2013/10/scottish-water-selects- http://hrw.hotims.com RS #15 black-veatch-for-hydroelectric-power-retroft-program.html. ■

www.hydroworld.com March-April 2014 / HRW 21

1403HRW_21 21 3/14/14 2:56 PM Ideas in Action Dealing with Excessive Leakage through a Dam

steel sheet pile wall and jet grouting, and the installation of a drilled steel pile cutoff wall with an interlock system. The use of secant poles was considered too expensive. A major drawback with jet grouting is the shadow effect that can occur if large boulders are present. This would result in insuffcient sealing of the dam. The dam has undergone sealing, performed by Lemminkainen Oyj of Finland under a €2.3 million (US$3 million) contract awarded in November 2012. The time frame for the dam rehabilitation was only two months, so the dam would be available to impound water during the spring food. The work took place from March to May 2013.

Performing the work Down-the-hole water-powered drilling was used to install a 170 meter-long drilled steel pile cutoff wall at Vojmsjon Dam in Sweden, to minimize the risk of disturbing the dam and subsoil. A 170-meter-long drilled steel pile cutoff wall is being installed with an interlock Excessive leakage through the Vojmsjon Vojmsjon Dam is classifed as a high- system to assure watertightness. The larg- Dam on the Angermanalven River in risk dam due to the major damage that est drill depth is 13.5 meters. Sweden led owner Vattenreglerings- would occur in the event of a dam breach. The drilling method chosen was a foretagen to consider a renovation. The The dam is needed to control the fow of key factor in minimizing the risk of dis- earth embankment dam has leaked since water from snowmelt in the surrounding turbing the existing dam and subsoil. it was completed in 1950, but leakage has mountains. It is flled in the spring and Vattenregleringsforetagen asked Sweco to increased over the past few years, with 20 summer and releases water in the winter choose the best technology for the situa- liters/sec of water leaking through the dam to power 13 hydropower stations located tion, and they recommended down-the- when the reservoir is full. To deal with this downstream. At peak fow, the dam is flled hole water-powered drilling by Wassara situation, Vattenregleringsforetagen chose in two weeks. in Stockholm. Compared to the other to install a steel pile cutoff wall with an The dam has leaked since it was com- methods, a water-powered hammer copes interlock system. Since this work was completed in 1950, and leakage is collected in a easier with drilling through boulder-rich pleted in May 2013, leakage through the small dam on the downstream side, where formations (identifed during test drill- dam has been cut in half. it is measured continuously in a Thomson ing) and has a comparatively lower total weir. Leakage through the dam has cost. In general, water-powered drilling Understanding the situation increased over the past few years, rising to requires less energy, as the compressing Vattenregleringsforetagen is responsible a rate of 20 liters/sec when the reservoir of air requires more energy. There is also for regulating water for power generation behind the dam is full. a cost saving when compared to core drill- in the northern part of Sweden. In six riv- In 2011, Vattenregleringsforetagen ing, as water-powered drilling has a rate of ers, the company manages water control assigned Sweco of Stockholm to investi- penetration that is up to fve times higher. at 130 reservoirs with a total volume of gate options for reinforcing the dam. A water-powered DTH hammer 20 billion cubic meters. This regulation Options considered included installing W200 was used, in temperatures down to provides the ability to produce 16.7 TWh secant poles, using jet grouting, a combi- -20 degrees Celsius. This equipment proof energy annually. nation solution consisting of a rammed vides a hammer length of 2,055 mm and

22 HRW / March-April 2014 www.hydroworld.com

1403HRW_22 22 3/14/14 2:56 PM a standard hole size of 216 to 254 mm, with a maximum operating pressure of 150 bar and water consumption at maximum pressure of 460 to 670 liters/min. The interlocked RD piles were 323 mm wide and drilled down. Water needed for the drilling was taken from the lake, using a dewatering pump supplied by Halliburton that was mounted on a barge. The casing system for the work was a SR/SF Robit Pile wall 324, and the steel pile wall was a Ruukki interlock system. The piles were drilled and emptied, then flled with a mix of cement slurry/concrete and bentonite. The purpose of this slurry was to both seal off underneath the piles and to protect the piles from developing corrosion. Some unexpected situations encoun- tered during the repair work included the fact that drilling cuttings 2 to 3 cm in size were not brought up together with the return water coming up from the piles. The volume of this material was about 100 liters for a 13.5-meter drill hole. Because it was important that the piles were emptied completely, this material had to be evacuated by suction- ing afterwards. After the sealing work was completed, the leakage seems to have stabilized at about half the level experienced before the sealing operation. However, a longer period of time is needed to be certain of the results of the rehabilitation.

Lessons learned It is important to perform thorough geological measurements/surveys of the dam body itself before the real rehabilitation work starts. This is needed to avoid underestimating the wear on the drilling equipment. In addition, because the consequences of not complying with the time plan in this kind of reservoir/dam rehabilitation project could be severe, ensuring spare parts availability and estimating spare parts consumption for drilling equipment is crucial. — By Ola Hammarberg, hydrolo- gist and water resources planner, http://hrw.hotims.com RS #16 Vattenregleringsforetagen

www.hydroworld.com March-April 2014 / HRW 23

1403HRW_23 23 3/14/14 2:56 PM Tech Notes

Snowy Hydro tests fushing fows to high-fow event in an unregulated catchment, Snowy Hydro says. improve river environment The high fows facilitate the improvement of the physical condi- Snowy Hydro Ltd. has performed a fushing fow trial at Jindabyne tion of the in-stream habitat by scouring and transporting sedi- Dam designed to better mimic the natural fow characteristics seen ment, the Offce of Water says. in the Snowy Montane rivers. According to the Department of The Increased Flows program under which this work is being Primary Industries Offce of Water in New South Wales, this fow conducted is part of the Snowy Initiative established in 2002 to variability technique, known as hydro-scaling, has three objectives: achieve signifcant improvements in river health. Flushing fows — To better refect the hydrology of a Snowy Montane river, began to be tested in 2002, with the program in its fourth stage. including increasing the daily, seasonal and annual fow variability; Snowy Hydro owns and operates the Snowy Mountains — To provide multiple high-fow events to meet the primary Scheme, which consists of nine major hydropower stations with a ecological objective of habitat improvement; and total capacity of 3,950 MW and two small stations. — To fully test the infrastructure capability of Jindabyne Dam to provide variable fow rates. IEA offers world energy statistics app The release that took place October 8, 2013, involved open- The International Energy Agency’s Key World Energy Statistics ing the spillway gates at Jindabyne Dam and providing a peak 2013 is now available for use in an iPhone, iPad or iPod Touch. fow that exceeds the capacity of the cone valves. The remain- Just like the pdf version on the IEA website, the mobile app ing releases will occur through the cone valves and other infra- lists 16 headline statistics for more than 140 countries, from total

structure below the spillway. This new release pattern included energy supply to electricity consumption per capita to CO2 emis- 96.6 gigaliters (Gl) of water released during spring 2013, with sions per unit of gross domestic product. In addition, the app fve food events occurring between September and November, features a customizable favorites function for fast access to each and a total of 190.6 Gl released over the course of the water year. user’s most relevant energy topics. Users can also rank countries Five of these events, including the fushing fow, will involve in ascending and descending orders using multiple indicators. an eight-hour peak through the day that will cause the river The online summary of key energy data has been produced level downstream to fuctuate substantially, much like a natural every year since 1997. The IEA Key World Energy Statistics app version 2.0 can be downloaded from iTunes. An android app is in development.

Hydroelectric training center being built in Pakistan Offcials from the French Development Agency, European Union and French government have signed an agreement to establish a hydroelectric training center in Pakistan. The project, called the Pakistan Hydropower Training Institute (HPTI), will be located at the country’s 1,000 MW Mangla hydroelectric plant with the purpose of increasing “the capacity of both public and private hydropower operators,” according to the French Embassy in Pakistan. Mangla is already home to a training center, which is being rehabilitated and expanded using grants delegated to the French Development Agency (AFD) by the EU. The French Embassy said HPTI will help Pakistan work toward a number of goals, including: — Safeguarding large dam and infrastructure projects against climate change; — Improving the safety and effciency of hydropower projects; — Preparing eligible projects for qualifcation under the United Nations’ Clean Development Mechanism; and — Making sure projects and proposals comply with international environmental and social practices in order to make them more attractive to international funding. Offcials said the center will be the only one of its kind in Pakistan once it is complete. http://hrw.hotims.com RS #17

24 HRW / March-April 2014 www.hydroworld.com

1403HRW_24 24 3/14/14 3:06 PM Authority to perform hydrological conducted by Powertech Labs in British load remained constant, but dynamic load studies of African basin Columbia, Canada, in accordance with was paused every 15 minutes to simulate a L’Autorite du Bassin de la Volta (ABV) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers specifca- wicket gate opening +/- 15 degrees. plans to hire a company to review and rec- tions, with modifcations made to simulate “The bearings performed well, with ommend a hydrological management sys- 30 years of operation. little evidence of operating stress,” GGB tem for the six-nation Volta Basin of Africa. The study simulated operating condi- said. “Signifcantly, it was demonstrated ABV was created to manage the basin tions at Belo Monte and used water from that their coeffcient of friction and wear and promote strategic water resources the Xingu River where the project will be rate decrease as running time increases.” development, including hydropower. located. GGB said its bearings were sub- Hydro projects in the Volta Basin include jected to a static load with rotary and oscil- For more news, see the Technology & 400 MW Bui, 1,020 MW Akosombo and lating motion under wet and dry conditions. Equipment tab at 48 MW Pwalugu. They then underwent accelerated wear test- The authority will hire a consultant ing with a dynamic radial load on a journal to review relevant reports on the current moving continuously +/- 1 degree. Static situation and projected operational hydrology in ABV member states Burkina Faso, Ghana, Cote d’Ivoire, Togo, Benin and Mali. This phase of study is to be based on results of an earlier study of hydrological conditions in the basin, including the state of hydrometric stations, organization of hydrological monitoring, management of hydrological data and the means of fnancing data collection activity. The consultant is to propose an operational network for maintenance of a system in the sub-region.

Bank to develop atlas of hydro development sites in Guinea The World Bank plans to hire a consultant to develop an atlas of hydropower development sites in Guinea. Work to be performed includes conducting an inventory and developing a map of all potential sites for large and small (minimum 1 MW) hydropower projects throughout Guinea. Work is to include assessment of all available documentation, site visits and collection of information, data analysis and development of the atlas of hydro potential, creation of an Internet viewer, training on models developed, and drafting of terms of reference for subsequent hydro master plan assignment for Guinea.

Bearings pass tests simulating conditions at Brazil’s Belo Monte HPM bearings manufactured by GGB Bearing Technology underwent laboratory testing to determine their suitability for extended wicket gate service at Brazil’s 11.2 GW Belo Monte project. Testing was

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1403HRW_25 25 3/14/14 3:06 PM Small Hydro

was completed on time and at budget, Italian utility awards contract For more small hydro news, see the Hydro Project Activity tab at despite some delays regarding the United for plant supply; plans projects Kingdom’s feed-in tariff scheme. Edison S.p.A. has awarded a contract Gilkes Energy has also begun work on to Hydro Energia S.r.l. to supply two a new small hydropower project on the turbine-generators and other equipment Atholl Estate near Perthshire. for the 2.6 MW Fontanamora project. Gilkes Energy completes work; The 1.7 MW Bruar plant will have a Edison is a major Italian utility breaks ground on two plants medium-head and single intake, with a controlled by regional utility A2A and Scotland’s 1.9 MW Ederline project is high-pressure pipeline and twin Francis Electricite de France. now generating energy, developer Gilkes turbines. The project will rely on an exist- Hydro Energia is to design, manu- Energy Ltd. announces. ing dam to provide water storage. facture, install, test and commission two Located on the shores of Loch Awe, Gilkes Energy received planning per- Francis turbines and two synchronous the hydroelectric plant is a joint venture mission and a Scottish Environmental generators of 1.3 MW each, as well as pro- between Gilkes Energy and the land- Protection Agency (SEPA) Controlled vide mechanical, electrical and automa- owners, the Wilson family. The project Activities Regulations license in late 2012. tion equipment. The value of the contract includes a dam and is the largest devel- The company said it then achieved fnan- was not specifed. oped to date by Gilkes Energy, whose cial closing with Downing Renewables The Fontanamora plant will be located recent work also includes a 730 kW after conducting a “detailed tendering and in Bagolino, Italy. project in Pitlochry and a 700 kW project procurement exercise.” In addition, Italian municipal water near Glen Strathfarrar. Gilkes Energy conducted a “turf cut- supplier Romagna Acque-Societa delle The company said it received planning ting” ceremony in February, although Fonti S.p.A plans to acquire turbine- permission and Scottish Environmental substantial work on the Bruar project generators and other equipment for four Protection Agency approval in 2011, wasn’t expected to begin for another few micro-hydropower projects in Italy total- with construction beginning in May weeks. The project is planned to be put ing 575 kW, at a total cost of €820,000 2012. Gilkes Energy said the project into operation by the end of 2015. (US$1.1 billion).

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1403HRW_26 26 3/14/14 3:07 PM Romagna Acque says it is investing Republic’s government had signed a con- Mendoza Province is the location of €1.7 million ($2.3 million) as part of its tract with Brazil’s Andrade Gutierrez for larger hydroelectric projects, including plans to begin exploiting the assets of development of Monte Grande in 2011, the 443 MW Los Blancos and 90 MW its water distribution system to generate though work never began. Portezuelo del Viento installations. renewable energy. The plant will be located on the Yaque The ministry seeks a survey and study The developer seeks companies to sup- del Sur River in Barahona province. update of small hydro sites with capacity ply turbine-generators and other equip- of 5 MW or less in Mendoza. The study is ment for micro-hydropower projects along Argentina to study sites to identify existing studies of small hydro its water network downstream of Monte in Mendoza Province projects or sites with hydropower poten- Casale Reservoir: Argentina’s federal planning ministry tial that currently are inactive on rivers, — 85 kW Forli, Forli Reservoir in Flori; intends to survey and update feasibil- streams or canals. The chosen consultant — 110 kW Cappuccini, Cappuccini ity studies of small hydropower sites in will also prioritize the sites and develop Reservoir in Cesena; Mendoza Province. basic engineering for the top three sites. — 110 kW Pariolino, Pariolino Reservoir in Riccione; and — 270 kW Montalbano, Montalbano Reservoir in San Giovanni.

French commune awards contract for micro hydro projects Ecowatt has been awarded a US$306,278 contract from the French commune of Voiron to supply and install two micro- hydro projects on a drinking water system. Communate d’agglomeration du Pays Voironnais solicited bids for the project, which will see the construction of Chloration and Malossane on the Pommiers-la-Placette, begin in August. Work is expected to take 24 months. Voiron is located in Isere Department in southeastern France, the location of a number of dams and hydropower projects, including Chambon Dam, the 1.8 MW Breda hydro project, and the 12 MW Drac Inferieur project.

Dominican Republic begins work on 18 MW Monte Grande Dominican Republic President Danilo Medina recently inaugurated construction of the 18 MW Monte Grande hydropower plant. The project will be a multipurpose scheme, the country’s government said, with about 486,000 hectares of agricul- tural land expected to beneft from Monte Grande’s reservoir. The project is being coordinated by the Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidraulicos (INDRHI). Sources report that the Dominican

http://hrw.hotims.com RS #21 www.hydroworld.com March-April 2014 / HRW 27

1403HRW_27 27 3/14/14 3:07 PM Marine Hydrokinetics

that includes Atkins Engineering, Costain lease agreement from the Crown Estate For more ocean/tidal/stream news, see the Hydro Project Activity tab at Infrastructure, GE, Alstom, Andritz, Voith, and began upgrading transmission lines to Van Oord and Macquarie. provide a grid connection point. The application will now be reviewed by the Planning Inspectorate before pub- Lockheed Martin, Victorian lic examination, then it will be reviewed Wave Partners plan project European Commission releases by the Secretary of State for Energy and Lockheed Martin and Victorian Wave plan for ocean power Climate Change. Partners Ltd. (VWP) have signed A new European Commission action plan Pending approvals, construction of the a contract for the development of a seeks further development of Europe’s Swansea Bay project could begin in 2015, 62.5 MW ocean energy station off the cost of ocean energy sector. with power being generated in 2018. Victoria, Australia. As presented by Commissioners Maria VWP is a wholly-owned subsidy of Damanaki and Gunther Oettinger, the EC Tidal energy company Ocean Power Technologies (OPT), which will establish an “Ocean Energy Forum” awarded grant signed an agreement with the Australian meant to bring together marine and hydro- Tidal technology and project developer Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) kinetics (MHK) stakeholders to “build Atlantis Resources Limited has been allowing for the Australian project’s con- capacity and foster cooperation.” awarded a US$10.55 million grant from struction in January. The EC notes MHK’s “undoubted the European Commission’s Seventh OPT said the US$203.6 million project potential” but said a number of challenges Framework Programme for Research and could eventually include as many as 28 of face the sector, including high technology Technological Development. the generators, making it the largest such costs; diffculty in accessing fnancing; Atlantis Resources, which acquired the installation of its kind in the world. infrastructure barriers; dministrative bar- 298-MW MeyGen tidal energy array in Lockheed Martin will provide overall riers; and environmental issues. November, said the EC funding will help project management, assist with the design For more information about the EC’s support the deployment of multi turbine for manufacturing the units, lead in the action plan, visit http://ec.europa.eu/ arrays at the MeyGen site. production of selected components and maritimeaffairs/policy/ocean_energy/ The program is being supported by perform system integration of the wave index_en.htm. DHI, Royal HaskoningDHV and the energy converters. University of Edinburgh and will help Offcial applications fled for facilitate the design, installation and New study ups tidal energy Swansea Bay tidal lagoon operation of its 1.5 MW AR1500 tidal potential in Pentland Firth Energy development group Tidal Lagoon energy units. Tidal energy produced in the Pentland Power Ltd. has reached a signifcant step The London-based developer has also Firth could potentially power half of in the development of a 320 MW project announced its entry in the Alternative Scotland, according to new research by by submitting a Development Consent Investment Market with a successful initial engineers at the universities of Oxford Order to United Kingdom authorities. public offering and 20 million placing. and Edinburgh. The 5,000-page application — submit- The company said the capital raised The report estimates 1.9 GW of power ted under the UK’s Planning Act of 2008 through the IPO will be used to fund could be generated in the stretch of water — details what would be the largest tidal detailed design of the AR1500 turbine between mainland Scotland and Orkney. power plant in the world, according to TLP. with Lockheed Martin and a demonstra- Earlier estimates placed Pentland Firth’s The project would include a 9.5 km- tion project using its AR1000 turbines in potential anywhere from 1 to 18 GW in long sea wall that would be dotted with China, in addition to supporting the frst cumulative capacity. hydro turbines along its length. Rising phase of the MeyGen project. Although the newest report says as and falling tides would provide the energy Located in the Inner Sound develop- much as 4.2 GW could be produced, needed for electricity production. ment zone of Scotland’s Pentland Firth, 1.9 GW is a much more realistic target The initial tidal lagoon would be located the array is the largest of its type in Europe. based on the effciency levels of currently in Swansea Bay, South Wales, although The 3.5 square km site is being devel- available turbines, the study says. TLP said it ultimately envisions a number oped in multiple stages, with its frst power The study was commissioned and of such projects around the UK. expected to be generated in late 2015 or funded as part of the Energy Technology TLP said it has spent three years devel- early 2016. Institute’s Performance Assessment of oping its project, alongside a consortium The developers recently received a Wave and Tidal Array Systems project.

28 HRW / March-April 2014 www.hydroworld.com

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