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Gender Analysis in Papua New Guinea Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 46614 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Gender Analysis in Papua New Guinea Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized THE WORLD BANK Gender Analysis in Papua New Guinea Edited by: Elizabeth C. Brouwer Bruce M. Harris Sonomi Tanaka Papua New Guinea and Pacific Islands Country Management Unit East Asia and Pacific Region Copyright © 1998 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing October 1998 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank Group any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce portions of it should be sent to the Office of the Publisher at the address shown in the copyright notice above. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally give permission promptly and, when the reproduction is for noncommercial purposes, without asking a fee. Permission to copy por- tions for classroom use is granted through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., Suite 910, 222 Rose- wood Drive, Danvers, Massachusetts 01923, U.S.A. ISSN: Elizabeth C. Brouwer is senior country officer in the Papua New Guinea and Pacific Islands Country Management Unit in the East Asia and Pacific Region. Bruce M. Harris is the social assessment coordi- nator for the East Asia and Pacific Region. Sonomi Tanaka is social development specialist in the South Asia Social Development Sector Unit in the South Asia Region. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Brouwer, Elizabeth.C., 1951- Harris, Bruce , 1947- Tanaka, Sonomi 1967- Gender Analysis in Papua New Guinea/ eds. Elizabeth C Brouwer, Bruce Harris, Sonomi Tanaka, p. cm. — ISBN 1. Gender Analysis. 2. Women in Development. 3. Papua New Guinea . 4. Women, economic participation and social position in Melanesia II. Title. III. Series. ——, 1998 etc. CIP GENDER ANALYSIS IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA Table of Contents Foreword ........................................................................................................... v Abstract ........................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgments ............................................................................................ ix Executive Summary.........................................................................................11 Situation Report 1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 13 1.2 Historical Factors ............................................................................................. 13 1.3 Geographic Factors ........................................................................................... 15 1.4 Demography..................................................................................................... 15 1.5 Political Environment ....................................................................................... 16 1.6 Economic Environment .....................................................................................17 CASE STUDY: Harvesting Marine Resources...................................................... 20 1.7 Legal Status ..................................................................................................... 21 CASE STUDY: Oil Palm Workers in West New Britain ......................................... 21 1.8 Socio-cultural Environment .............................................................................. 24 1.9 Land Tenure ....................................................................................................26 Key Thematic Issues 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 29 2.2 Women and Economic Participation .................................................................. 29 2.3 Agriculture ....................................................................................................... 31 2.4 Fisheries .......................................................................................................... 33 2.5 Forestry ...........................................................................................................34 2.6 Mining .............................................................................................................34 2.7 Women and Credit ............................................................................................ 35 2.8 Political Participation ........................................................................................ 37 2.9 Violence against Women ...................................................................................38 2.10 Health ............................................................................................................39 2.11 Education ...................................................................................................... 41 Potential Areas of Intervention 3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 45 3.2 PNG Platform for Action ....................................................................................46 3.3 Discrimination and Decision-Making ................................................................. 46 3.4 Violence ...........................................................................................................48 3.5 Health ..............................................................................................................50 3.6 Education ........................................................................................................ 51 Identification of Major Information Gaps 4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 53 4.2 Economic activity ............................................................................................. 53 4.3 Demographic indices ........................................................................................ 54 4.4 Social Conditions .............................................................................................. 55 4.5 Availability of Data ........................................................................................... 56 4.6 Updating and building on recent studies ...........................................................57 i Table of Contents References .......................................................................................................59 Appendix 1 Map ..............................................................................................71 Appendix 2 Chronology of Women’s Movement in PNG................................... 73 Appendix 3 PNG – Platform for Action Health ................................................................................................................... 79 Education, training and literacy .............................................................................. 79 Mechanisms to promote the advancement of women and shared decision making ..... 79 Economic empowerment and employment opportunities and conditions ................... 79 Legal and human rights, violence, peace and national unity ..................................... 80 Culture and the family. .......................................................................................... 80 Transport, shelter and water, and communication ................................................... 80 Agriculture and fisheries......................................................................................... 81 Environment and development ............................................................................... 81 Appendix 4 Profile of Major Stakeholders (A) STAKEHOLDERS ROLES IN POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECTS ..... 83 Non Government Focal Points ........................................................................... 85 (B) OUTLINE OF THE GENDER WORK OF STAKEHOLDERS GOVERNMENT ........... 88 Non Government Organizations ........................................................................90 Churches ......................................................................................................... 94 Private Sector ................................................................................................... 95 Donors ............................................................................................................97 United Nations Agencies ................................................................................. 101 Appendix 5 Resource Persons List of Resource Persons in PNG and Experts on Gender Planning and Analysis ...... 103 Appendix 6 Annotated Bibliography AGRICULTURE ...................................................................................................
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