DOCSLIB.ORG

Proquest Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proquest Dissertations A Cognitive-Functional Approach to Topic Constructions in Beijing Mandarin by Linjun LIU Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in LINGUISTICS Department of Linguistics University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba Copyright © January 2009 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington OttawaONK1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-53003-0 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-53003-0 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantias de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privee, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de thesis. cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. 1*1 Canada THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES COPYRIGHT PERMISSION A Cognitive-Functional Approach to Topic Constructions in Beijing Mandarin BY Linjun LIU A Thesis/Practicum submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree Of Doctor of Philosophy Linjun LIU © 2009 Permission has been granted to the University of Manitoba Libraries to lend a copy of this thesis/practicum, to Library and Archives Canada (LAC) to lend a copy of this thesis/practicum, and to LAC's agent (UMI/ProQuest) to microfilm, sell copies and to publish an abstract of this thesis/practicum. This reproduction or copy of this thesis has been made available by authority of the copyright owner solely for the purpose of private study and research, and may only be reproduced and copied as permitted by copyright laws or with express written authorization from the copyright owner. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Throughout writing this dissertation I was fortunate to have the assistance and support of a number of people who influenced the direction this study has taken. Terry Janzen, my supervisor, has given me countless insightful comments and suggestions, and has been the source of much encouragement in my PhD programme. The other members of my committee, Hongyin Tao, Jila Ghomeshi, David Pentland, and Hua Li, have made many excellent suggestions. Many thanks go to the Department of Linguistics, University of Manitoba, for fostering the cognitive and functional linguistic study. Any errors are, of course, my own. My thanks also go to Beijing Language and Culture University for granting me a four-and-a-half-year leave, without which my pursuit of a degree in Canada would have been impossible. The writing of this dissertation was supported by a University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship and a J. G. Fletcher Award from the Faculty of Arts, University of Manitoba. Finally, nothing could have been accomplished without my family's support, encouragement, patience and perseverance. Thank you. Linjun Liu The University of Manitoba January 2009 A Cognitive-Functional Approach to Topic Constructions in Beijing Mandarin by Linjun LIU Abstract Mandarin Chinese has long been accepted as a topic-prominent language. However, a consensus has never been reached on how to define or characterize the notion of topic. Given the pragmatic orientation of the notion and the heterogeneity of topic-comment constructions, a cognitive-functional approach has been adopted in this research to analyze a spoken corpus of Beijing Mandarin. On the basis of what has been found about structurally identified topics in the corpus, I have argued that topic constructions are best taken as specific instantiations of the schema of Conceptual Reference Point for the ensuing comments. Spoken data are more indicative of online processing than are written texts. Taking advantage of this, I have examined how pauses and pause particles are interrelated with topic marking and topic verbalization. A comparison between marked grammatical subjects and unmarked ones has revealed that the former are more heavily coded. Following the iconicity principle or the accessibility theory as proposed by Givon (1983), Ariel (1988, 1990), etc., topics convey more information than subjects. iii The investigation into the discourse use of several high frequency pause particles, namely ne, ba, ma, a (and its phonetic variants), and two lexical topic markers, i.e., dehua and laijiang, shows that they, like Japanese wa or eyebrow raise in ASL, are all polysemous: they fulfill different discourse functions by marking topics of different semantic roles and information statuses. These topic markers are also observed to occur successively and co-occur with each other in topic marking. The richness in topic markers and topic marking manners further evidences topic as a complex category that demands a schematic characterization. Following detailed analysis of topic instantiations in the spoken corpus, a schematization of topic as a complex linguistic category is expounded first horizontally then vertically. Topic as a schema is then characterized as follows: topics of all semantic roles may fulfill the function of conceptual reference point in spontaneous speech, and the reference point may sometimes be objective, especially when the relationship between topic and its target referent(s) resembles some objective ones, such as the possessive or the part-whole relationship. IV Table of Contents List of Abbreviation x List of Tables xi List of Figures xii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Issue 1 1.2 Cognitive Linguistics as an Alternative 2 1.2.1 Outlining cognitive linguistics and its relevance to this research 2 1.2.2 Topic as conceptual reference point 3 1.3 A Corpus Approach 4 1.4 Thesis Chapters 8 1.5 Summary 11 Chapter 2 Review of Previous Studies on Mandarin Topics and Proposal of the Cognitive Approach as an Alternative 12 2.1 Findings on and Controversies over Topic 13 2.1.1 Topic versus subject 13 2.1.2 Syntactic topic versus pragmatic topic 15 2.1.3 Central versus marginal properties of topic 18 2.1.4 Topic identification 24 2.1.5 Summary 34 2.2 A Cognitive Approach to Topic 35 2.2.1 An overview of cognitive linguistics 35 2.2.2 Cognitive Grammar on reference point 38 2.2.3 Cognitive Grammar on topic 40 2.2.4 Insights of the reference point model for topic study in Mandarin 43 2.3 Findings in Other Topic-Prominent Languages 47 2.3.1 Tagalog 47 2.3.2 Japanese 49 2.3.3 American Sign Language 51 2.3.4 Section summary 52 2.4 Summary 52 Chapter 3 Pause and Pause Particles as Topic Markers and a Coding Property Based Approach to Topic Identification 53 3.1 Pauses as Topic Markers 53 3.1.1 Some general observations 53 3.1.2 Shi's (1995) detailed discussion on pausing and topic marking 55 v 3.1.2.1 Obligatory subtypes 56 3.1.2.2 Optional subtypes 60 3.1.2.3 A brief discussion 62 3.2 Pause Particles as Topic Markers 63 3.2.1 Some general observations 63 3.2.2 Some specific findings 64 3.2.3 Summary 68 3.3 Discourse Use of Pause Particles in Beijing Mandarin 68 3.3.1 Zhang and Fang (1996) on pause particles 68 3.3.2 Yuan (2002) on pause particles 70 3.3.3 Summary 71 3.4 A Coding Property Based Approach to Topic Identification 72 3.4.1 Coding properties as the primary concern 72 3.4.2 Topic identification 74 3.4.3 Summary 80 3.5 Defining Some Grammatical Terms 80 3.5.1 Clause 80 3.5.2 Topic-comment constructions (TCs) 82 3.6 Summary 83 Chapter 4 Methodology of a Corpus Study 85 4.1 Data: The Beijing Corpus 85 4.2 Corpus Analysis Procedure 87 4.3 Research Goals 90 4.4 Summary 91 Chapter 5 Pausing and Topic Marking 92 5.1 Pausing in Nominal Constructions 92 5.2 Pausing in Double-Subject Constructions 96 5.2.1 Occurrence of pauses 96 5.2.2 Semantic relationship between topic and subject 98 5.2.3 Word order flexibility and its impact on construction semantics 101 5.2.4 Possession as the prototype relationship between topic and subject 102 5.2.5 Distribution of double-subject constructions 106 5.2.6 Summary 107 5.3 Pausing in TOP-subject Constructions 108 5.3.1 Frequency of occurrence 108 5.3.2 Distribution of TOP-subject vis-a-vis SP 109 5.3.2.1 Within TCs 110 5.3.2.2 Within subordinate clauses of CCs 113 5.3.2.3 Within LDs 114 5.3.2.4 Within TOP-subject constructions , 116 5.3.2.5 Summary 117 vi 5.3.3 Coding forms of topic in TOP-subject vis-a-vis subject in SP 117 5.3.4 Discourse functions of TOP-subject constructions 126 5.3.4.1 Referencing to some findings in English 126 5.3.4.2 Context of use of TOP-subject in Beijing Mandarin 128 5.3.4.3 Information status of topic in TOP-subject 131 5.3.4.4 Summary 136 5.4 Summary 137 Chapter 6 Topic Markers in Beijing Mandarin 139 6.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • China Sets Sail Andrew Erickson, Lyle Goldstein & Carnes Lord
    THE NEW ASIAN ORDER China has been undergoing an historic shift in emphasis from land to naval power. Is its maritime buildup a strategic necessity or an ill-conceived diversion? China Sets Sail Andrew Erickson, Lyle Goldstein & Carnes Lord he People’s Republic of China is in With but one notable exception, China’s the process of an astonishing, multi- rulers throughout history have traditionally em- T faceted transformation. If the explosive phasized land power over sea power. Of course, growth of China’s industrial economy over the ordinary Chinese living on the country’s exten- past several decades is the most obvious com- sive coastline have always taken to the sea for ponent of that transformation, no less remark- their livelihood, but the economy of China has able is China’s turn to the sea. With its stun- always been fundamentally rooted in its soil. To ning advance in global shipbuilding markets, the extent that the Chinese engaged in com- its vast and expanding merchant marine, the mercial activities over the centuries, they did so wide reach of its offshore energy and minerals primarily with a view to their large and largely exploration, its growing fishing fleet, and not self-sufficient internal market, readily accessible least, its rapidly modernizing navy, China is through China’s great navigable river systems fast becoming an outward-looking maritime as well as its many seaward ports. Moreover, state. At a time when the U.S. Navy continues prior to 1840, the Chinese faced virtually no to shrink in numbers if not relative capability, sustained security threats on their ocean flank.
    [Show full text]
  • The Military Dimensions of U.S. – China Security Cooperation: Retrospective and Future Prospects
    The Military Dimensions of U.S. – China Security Cooperation: Retrospective and Future Prospects Dr. David Finkelstein CIM D0023640.A1/Final September 2010 CNA is a non-profit research and analysis organization comprised of the Center for Naval Analyses (a federally funded research and development center) and the Institute for Public Research. The CNA China Studies division provides its sponsors, and the public, analyses of China’s emerging role in the international order, China’s impact in the Asia-Pacific region, important issues in US-China relations, and insights into critical developments within China itself. Whether focused on Chinese defense and security issues, Beijing’s foreign policies, bilateral relations, political developments, economic affairs, or social change, our analysts adhere to the same spirit of non-partisanship, objectivity, and empiricism that is the hallmark of CNA research. Our program is built upon a foundation of analytic products and hosted events. Our publications take many forms: research monographs, short papers, and briefings as well as edited book-length studies. Our events include major conferences, guest speakers, seminars, and workshops. All of our products and programs are aimed at providing the insights and context necessary for developing sound plans and policies and for making informed judgments about China. CNA China Studies enjoys relationships with a wide network of subject matter experts from universities, from government, and from the private sector both in the United States and overseas. We particularly value our extensive relationships with counterpart organizations throughout “Greater China”, other points across Asia, and beyond. Dr. David M. Finkelstein, Vice President and Director of CNA China Studies, is available at (703) 824-2952 and on e-mail at [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Modelling of Human Population Distribution in China
    Ecological Modelling 181 (2005) 461–478 Surface modelling of human population distribution in China Tian Xiang Yuea,∗, Ying An Wanga, Ji Yuan Liua, Shu Peng Chena, Dong Sheng Qiua, Xiang Zheng Denga, Ming Liang Liua, Yong Zhong Tiana, Bian Ping Sub a Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 917 Building, Datun, Anwai, Beijing 100101, China b College of Science, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China Received 24 March 2003; received in revised form 23 April 2004; accepted 4 June 2004 Abstract On the basis of introducing major data layers corresponding to net primary productivity (NPP), elevation, city distribution and transport infrastructure distribution of China, surface modelling of population distribution (SMPD) is conducted by means of grid generation method. A search radius of 200 km is defined in the process of generating each grid cell. SMPD not only pays attention to the situation of relative elements at the site of generating grid cell itself but also calculates contributions of other grid cells by searching the surrounding environment of the generating grid cell. Human population distribution trend since 1930 in China is analysed. The results show that human population distribution in China has a slanting trend from the eastern region to the western and middle regions of China during the period from 1930 to 2000. Two scenarios in 2015 are developed under two kinds of assumptions. Both scenarios show that the trends of population floating from the western and middle regions to the eastern region of China are very outstanding with urbanization and transport development.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatiotemporal Evolution of China's Railway Network in the 20Th Century
    Transportation Research Part A 43 (2009) 765–778 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Transportation Research Part A journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tra Spatiotemporal evolution of China’s railway network in the 20th century: An accessibility approach Jiaoe Wang a,b,*, Fengjun Jin a, Huihui Mo a,c, Fahui Wang c a Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China b Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA c China Communications and Transportation Association, Beijing 100825, China article info abstract Article history: The interrelatedness of transportation development and economic growth has been a con- Received 27 April 2007 stant theme of geographic inquiries, particularly in economic and transportation geogra- Received in revised form 17 June 2009 phy. This paper analyzes the expansion of China’s railway network, the evolution of its Accepted 12 July 2009 spatial accessibility, and the impacts on economic growth and urban systems over a time span of about one century (1906–2000). First, major historical events and policies and their effects on railway development in China are reviewed and grouped into four major eras: Keywords: preliminary construction, network skeleton, corridor building, and deep intensification. Railway network All four eras followed a path of ‘‘inland expansion.” Second, spatial distribution of accessi- Accessibility Spatiotemporal patterns bility and its evolution are analyzed. The spatial structure of China’s railway network is Urban systems characterized by ‘‘concentric rings” with its major axis in North China and the most acces- China sible city gradually migrating from Tianjin to Zhengzhou.
    [Show full text]
  • Geography & the Early Settlement of China
    History Alive Text Chapter 19 – Geography & the Early Settlement of China 19.1 – Introduction In this unit, you will explore the civilization of ancient China. This civilization flourished from about 1700 B.C.E. to 220 C.E. China is a large country in eastern Asia. It’s easy to use words like highest, largest, and longest when talking about China’s geography. The world’s highest mountains, the Himalayas, are in China. So is one of the world’s largest deserts, the Taklamakan Desert. China also boasts some of the longest rivers in the world. China’s climate is just as extreme as its physical features. The weather can vary from ice storms in the high mountains to the dreaded sandstorm of the Taklamakan Desert. During a sandstorm, the sky darkens until it feels like night. Hot, howling winds drive sand and gravel against you. The only way to survive is to wrap yourself in clothes or blankets and lie down until the storm passes. That could be hours or even days. As you can see, China is a land of contrasts . In this chapter, you will compare five geographic regions in China. You’ll learn about the climate, physical features and vegetation of each region. You’ll also discover how geography affected where the first Chinese settled, the way they lived and their ability to communicate with other civilizations. 19.2 – An Overview of China’s Geography Modern China is the third largest country in the world, after Russia and Canada. It covers about 3.7 million square miles.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Provincial Economies
    ANALYSIS China’s Provincial Economies: January 2019 Growing Together or Pulling Apart? Prepared by Introduction Steven G. Cochrane [email protected] Chief APAC Economist Over the past decade, China’s inland provinces have begun to narrow the gaps in output, incomes and productivity with their more dynamic coastal peers, but with economic growth Shu Deng slowing across China’s provincial economies, this period of convergence has come to a close. [email protected] Senior Economist In this paper, we examine regional patterns of economic growth across China’s provinces, comparing changes in industrial structure, productivity growth and demographics. While large Abhilasha Singh [email protected] investments in manufacturing, infrastructure and resource extraction helped narrow inland Economist provinces’ overall gap with the coast, the growing prominence of services—particularly high- tech service industries—will shift the locus of China’s growth back to its coastal provinces. Jesse Rogers [email protected] Economist Brittany Merollo [email protected] Associate Economist Contact Us Email [email protected] U.S./Canada +1.866.275.3266 EMEA +44.20.7772.5454 (London) +420.224.222.929 (Prague) Asia/Pacific +852.3551.3077 All Others +1.610.235.5299 Web www.economy.com www.moodysanalytics.com MOODY’S ANALYTICS China’s Provincial Economies: Growing Together or Pulling Apart? BY STEVEN G. COCHRANE, SHU DENG, ABHILASHA SINGH, JESSE ROGERS AND BRITTANY MEROLLO ver the past decade, China’s inland provinces have begun to narrow the gaps in output, incomes and productivity with their more dynamic coastal peers, but with economic growth slowing across China’s provincial economies, this period of convergence has come to a close.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolving Geography of China's Industrial Production: Implications
    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE EVOLVING GEOGRAPHY OF CHINA’S INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLLUTION DYNAMICS AND URBAN QUALITY OF LIFE Siqi Zheng Cong Sun Ye Qi Matthew E. Kahn Working Paper 19624 http://www.nber.org/papers/w19624 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 November 2013 Siqi Zheng and Cong Sun thank National Science Foundation of China (No. 71322307, No. 70973065 and No. 71273154), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0313), and Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program for research support. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2013 by Siqi Zheng, Cong Sun, Ye Qi, and Matthew E. Kahn. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. The Evolving Geography of China’s Industrial Production: Implications for Pollution Dynamics and Urban Quality of Life Siqi Zheng, Cong Sun, Ye Qi, and Matthew E. Kahn NBER Working Paper No. 19624 November 2013 JEL No. L23,L38,L6,R14,R23,R28 ABSTRACT China’s rapid economic growth has been fueled by industrialization and urbanization. Given its export focus, this industrialization was spatially concentrated in the coastal eastern cities. Over the last decade, a spatial transformation has taken place leading to a deindustrialization of the rich coastal cities and sharp industrial growth in the inland cities.
    [Show full text]
  • From Japanese Colony to Sacred Chinese Territory: Taiwan’S Geostrategic Significance To
    © 2020 Twentieth Century China Journal, Inc. This material first appeared in Twentieth-Century China 45: 3 (2020) 351–368. Reprinted with permission by Johns Hopkins University Press. Accepted version downloaded from: http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/32503/ From Japanese Colony to Sacred Chinese Territory: Taiwan’s Geostrategic Significance to China STEVE TSANG SOAS China Institute, UK Twentieth Century China, 45-3 (October 2020) This paper shows that while China now attaches geostrategic importance to Taiwan, it has not always done so. It has only accorded such significance to Taiwan in the post-Mao era. By reviewing how Taiwan became a Japanese colony, how it came under the control of Chiang Kai-shek’s government, and how it came to be seen by the government of the People’s Republic of China as a sacred territory before being deemed geostrategically significant, this paper seeks to demonstrate that Taiwan’s importance to China is not based on geography, an immutable factor. Instead, it was the result of contingencies of history and the changed calculations of succeeding governments in China. This leads to the important conclusion that the geostrategic importance the Chinese government now attaches to Taiwan may change if the Chinese leadership alters its strategic calculus or if the government itself is replaced. KEYWORDS: Cairo Conference, first island chain, imagined geography, sacred territory, strategic calculation Since the People’s Republic of China (PRC) describes Taiwan as a "sacred territory" in its constitution, it is reasonable to assume that it attaches central importance to Taiwan.1 The 1 National People’s Congress of the PRC, Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, accessed September 12, 2016, http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Constitution/2007- 11/15/content_1372962.htm.
    [Show full text]
  • High-Speed Economic Growth of 1984 US Dollar Versus Other Western Currencies Chinese Women Devoted to the Modernization Drive
    Vol. 28, No. 10 March 11, 1985 A CHINESE WEEKLY OF NEWS AND VIEWS High-Speed Economic Growth of 1984 US Dollar Versus Other Western Currencies Chinese Women Devoted to the Modernization Drive Jin Qunying (left), deputy chief engineer at the Yibin Chemical Plant in Sichuan Province, has been rewarded for her Lin Shengrong, a university graduate, works at the Gezhouba achievements in scientific research. SPOTLIQHT Hydroelectric Power Station. She worked out the programme for the computer-controlled cement mixer, which has greatly raised work efficiency. Zhang Aiping (right), a worker with thel Wang Hongyi, a Liuqin (a plucked string Dondong Wristwatch Plant in LiaoningI i instrument) player with a cultural troupe of ^rovince, fulfilled her 10-year prodyctioni the People's Liberation Army, often performs quota in five years. She was elected ol in border areas and on islands. She has deputy to the National People's Congress. received an award. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WEEK Vol. 28, No. 10 March 11, 1985 Reforms Invigorate 1984 Economy CONTENTS Among last year's economic successes was a 14.2 percent increase in the gross output value of industry and agriculture, NOTES FROM THE EDITORS 4 up to 1,062 billion yuan. More than 407 million tons of grain Party Consolidation Enters Second were harvested, keeping China's status as the word's largest Stage grain producer. Other achievements are also outlined in this article by the minister in charge of the State Economic Com• LEHERS 5 mission (p. 15). EVENTS & TRENDS 6-10 State Contracts Commercial Out• lets US Dollar Versus Other Western Currencies Auto Industry Hits Boom Times War on Rodents Marks Rot Year After analysing the factors favorable to the US dollar, this Women Claiming Their Legal article concludes that the US dollar's rapid rise will slow and Rights hover around the average 1984 level.
    [Show full text]
  • Zhu and Pickles-China Apparel Production.Pdf
    Journal of Contemporary Asia, 2014 Vol. 44, No. 1, 36–63, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2013.801166 Bring In, Go Up, Go West, Go Out: Upgrading, Regionalisation and Delocalisation in China’s Apparel Production Networks SHENGJUN ZHU & JOHN PICKLES Department of Geography, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA ABSTRACT The rise of China’s export-oriented apparel industry since the 1990s has been driven largely by global sourcing practices intent on capturing the cost advantages of a development model predicated, in part, on unskilled or semi-skilled migratory labour flows, linking western and central labour pools to coastal production sites. Until recently, the dominance of this model has fuelled growth in low-wage employment in the coastal regions and has provided few opportunities for economic and social upgrading. Since the early 2000s, coastal factories have increasingly had to confront difficulties generated by the increasing social and economic costs of this regionally concentrated low wage growth model. Specifically, this paper focuses on the role of the apparel industry in this process. It documents the major changes in organisation and geographies of economic activity in the industry, and demonstrates how the central and local state, domestic and international capital and Chinese and other Asian workers are shaping the changing organisation and geography of China’s apparel industry. The paper focuses particularly on firm strategies and state policies that have arisen in response to pressure to increase wages from workers,
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Communists and Rural Society, 1927-1934
    Center for Chinese Studies • CHINA RESEARCH MONOGRAPHS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY NUMBER THIRTEEN CHINESE COMMUNISTS AND RURAL SOCIETY, 1927-1934 PHILIP C. C. HUANG LYNDA SCHAEFER BELL KATHY LEMONS WALKER Chinese Communists and Rural Society, 1927-1934 A publication of the Center for Chinese Studies University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Cover Colophon by Shih-hsiang Chen Center for Chinese Studies • CHINA RESEARCH MONOGRAPHS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY NUMBER THIRTEEN CHINESE COMMUNISTS AND RURAL SOCIETY, 1927-1934 PHILIP C. C. HUANG LYNDA SCHAEFER BELL KATHY LEMONS WALKER Although the Center for Chinese Studies is responsible for the selection and acceptance of monographs in this series, respon­ sibility for the opinions expressed in them and for the accuracy of statements contained in them rests with their authors. © 1978 by the Regents of the Universit y of California ISBN 0-912966-18-1 Library of Congress Catalog Number 78-620018 Printed in the United States of America $5.00 Contents INTRODUCTION ......... ........... .. .. ..... Philip C. C. Huang INTELLECTUALS, LUMPENPROLETARIANS, WORKERS AND PEASANTS IN THE COMMUNIST MOVEMENT.................. 5 Philip C. C. Huang AGRICULTURAL LABORERS AND RURAL REVOLUTION . 29 Lynda Schaefer Bell THE PARTY AND PEASANT WOMEN 57 Kathy LeMons Walker A COMMENT ON THE WESTE RN LITERATURE. 83 Philip C. C. Huang REFERENCES . 99 GLOSSARY . .. .......... ................. .. .. 117 LIST OF MAPS I. Revolutionary Base Areas and Guerilla Zones in 1934 2 II. The Central Soviet Area in 1934 . 6 III. Xingguo and Surrounding Counties......... .. 10 1 The Jiangxi Period : an Introduction Philip C. C. Huang The Chinese Communist movement in its early years was primarily urban-based.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Geography
    China’s Geography: A Boon or Bane? 2 of 29 About the Author Colonel Ashish Sirsikar is a Senior Research Fellow at the Vivekananda International Foundation. He undertakes research in the field of National Security & Defence Studies and specially focuses on China. http://www.vifindia.org © Vivekananda International Foundation China’s Geography: A Boon or Bane? 3 of 29 China’s Geography: A Boon or Bane? The Factor of Geography Well before China arose, its inherent geographical potential had been studied and commented upon by many. However, the true potential of Chinese geography was recognised by the English geographer Sir HJ Mackinder in his famous 1904 article, ‘The Geographical Pivot of History’1in which he posited that the Chinese, should they expand their power well beyond their borders, “might constitute the yellow peril to the world’s freedom just because they would add an oceanic frontage to the resources of the great continent, an advantage as yet denied to the Russian tenant of the pivot region”. Mackinder’s assertion was based on the indisputable premise that, whereas Russia, basically was and still is a land power with an oceanic front blocked by ice, China owing to its large temperate coastline was both a land power and sea power. Subsequently, Mackinder in his widely read and acclaimed piece ‘Democratic Ideals and Reality’ hadpredicted that, along with the United States and the United Kingdom, China would eventually guide the world by ‘building for a quarter of humanity a new civilization, neither quite Eastern nor quite western’2. A century on, some feel that Mackinder’s prophetic pronouncementsare turning into a reality and China’s geography is its greatest boon.
    [Show full text]