DOCSLIB.ORG

Castells Prelims

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Castells Prelims The Network Society The Network Society A Cross-cultural Perspective Edited by Manuel Castells Wallis Annenberg Chair Professor of Communication Technology and Society, University of Southern California, Los Angeles and Research Professor, Open University of Catalonia, Barcelona Edward Elgar Cheltenham, UK • Northampton, MA, USA © Manuel Castells 2004 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Published by Edward Elgar Publishing Limited Glensanda House Montpellier Parade Cheltenham Glos GL50 1UA UK Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. 136 West Street Suite 202 Northampton Massachusetts 01060 USA A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data The network society : a cross-cultural perspective / edited by Manuel Castells. p. cm. 1. Information society—Cross-cultural studies. I. Castells, Manuel. HD851.N475 2004 303.48′33—dc22 2004043491 ISBN 1 84376 505 5 (cased) Typeset by Cambrian Typesetters, Frimley, Surrey Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall Contents List of figures viii List of tables ix Notes on contributors xi Acknowledgments xvi Editor’s preface xvii PART ITHE THEORY OF THE NETWORK SOCIETY 1 Informationalism, Networks, and the Network Society: A Theoretical Blueprint 3 Manuel Castells PART II THE CULTURAL AND INSTITUTIONAL DIVERSITY OF THE NETWORK SOCIETY 2 Institutional Models of the Network Society: Silicon Valley and Finland 49 Pekka Himanen and Manuel Castells 3 The Russian Network Society 84 Elena Vartanova 4 The Internet in China: Technologies of Freedom in a Statist Society 99 Jack Linchuan Qiu 5 Reflexive Internet? The British Experience of New Electronic Technologies 125 Steve Woolgar PART III THE NETWORK ECONOMY 6 Why Information Should Influence Productivity 145 Marshall Van Alstyne and Nathaniel Bulkley 7 Labor in the Network Society: Lessons from Silicon Valley 174 Chris Benner 8Time, Space, and Technology in Financial Networks 198 Caitlin Zaloom v vi Contents PART IV SOCIABILITY AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE IN THE AGE OF THE INTERNET 9 Networked Sociability Online, Off-line 217 Keith N. Hampton 10 Social Structure, Cultural Identity, and Personal Autonomy in the Practice of the Internet: The Network Society in Catalonia 233 Manuel Castells, Imma Tubella, Teresa Sancho, Maria Isabel Díaz de Isla, and Barry Wellman 11 Racial Segregation and the Digital Divide in the Detroit Metropolitan Region 249 Wayne E. Baker and Kenneth M. Coleman PART V THE INTERNET IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST 12 The Promise and the Myths of e-Learning in Post-secondary Education 271 Tony Bates 13 e-Health Networks and Social Transformations: Expectations of Centralization, Experiences of Decentralization 293 James E. Katz, Ronald E. Rice, and Sophia K. Acord 14 Narrowing the Digital Divide: The Potential and Limits of the US Community Technology Movement 319 Lisa J. Servon and Randal D. Pinkett PART VI NETWORKED SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND INFORMATIONAL POLITICS 15 Networked Social Movements: Global Movements for Global Justice 341 Jeffrey S. Juris 16 From Media Politics to Networked Politics: The Internet and the Political Process 363 Araba Sey and Manuel Castells PART VII THE CULTURE OF THE NETWORK SOCIETY 17 Television, the Internet, and the Construction of Identity 385 Imma Tubella 18 Globalization, Identity, and Television Networks: Community Mediation and Global Responses in Multicultural India 402 Anshu Chatterjee Contents vii 19 The Hacker Ethic as the Culture of the Information Age 420 Pekka Himanen Afterword: An Historian’s View on the Network Society 432 Rosalind Williams Index 449 Figures 2.1 Technological development measured by the UN Technology Achievement Index, 2001 51 2.2 Economic competitiveness measured by the World Economic Forum Growth Competitiveness Index, 2002 52 2.3 Labor productivity in manufacturing based on the OECD STAN database 52 2.4 Social inequality and exclusion in the US and Finland, 1950–1990 54 2.5 Share of public funding in private research and development, 1987–1999 58 2.6 The Silicon Valley model of the new economy 62 2.7 Level of start-up activity, 2001 63 2.8 National R&D investment as a percentage of GDP, 1985–2001 64 2.9 The Finnish model of the information society 68 2.10 An example of Nokia project networking 71 2.11 Share of Tekes funding in Nokia’s R&D 72 2.12 Private R&D investment as a share of the total (%), 1981–2001 73 2.13 Entrepreneurial motivation (scale 1–5) 77 2.14 Venture capital market in Europe as a whole and in selected European countries 78 2.15 Labor productivity growth in Finland (1985 = 100) 79 4.1 The concentration of Internet resources in the core region of Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong Province 105 6.1 Moving along the efficient production frontier (e.g. resource substitution) 149 6.2 (a) Moving to the frontier (e.g. better decisions); (b) Shifting the frontier (e.g. new processes) 152 12.1 The continuum of e-learning in formal education 274 viii Tables 2.1 Production of technology and social inclusion 53 2.2 Top five Silicon Valley information technology companies 55 2.3 Top five Finnish information technology companies 66 3.1 Dynamics of the Russian Internet audience 88 3.2 Areas of residence of Runet visitors 89 4.1 Demographic comparison: Internet users vis-à-vis average Chinese 104 7.1 Dimensions of flexible labor 177 7.2 Indicators of flexible employment in Silicon Valley 182 9.1 Seeking advice from family 224 10.1 Distribution of Internet users according to Internet use 240 10.2 Results of factor analysis of variables indicative of projects of autonomy 245 11.1 Black–white segregation and black isolation in top metropolitan areas in the United States 252 11.2 Patterns of computer and Internet use by race, gender, age, education, household income, employment status, family structure, and location 254 11.3 OLS and logistic coefficients from the regression of computer and Internet use on income, education, age, race, gender, employment status, location, and family 257 11.4 Activities done on the Internet in the past 12 months by race and location 260 11.5 Logistic coefficients from regression of inter-neighborhood and inter-racial socializing on income, education, age, race, gender, employment status, location, family structure, and computer and Internet usage 262 12.1 Rough estimate of e-learners globally, 2002–2003 279 13.1 Use of the Internet and Internet healthcare resources by the US public, 1997–2002 295 13.2 Comparison of features of Internet patient decision-support tools of some leading providers 301 13.3 Use of online resources by physicians in the United States 307 ix x Tables 13.4 Physician reports of the percentage of their patients who talked to them in person about information that the patient has obtained from the Internet 308 13.5 Physician assessment of effect on physician/patient relationship of patient presenting Internet-derived information 309 14.1 Dimensions of the digital divide 322 16.1 Internet use for political purposes in the US, 1998–2002 369 18.1 Community language channels, 1990–2002 405 18.2 Audience share of major channels in three states, 1999 407 Notes on contributors Sophia K. Acord is a PhD candidate in Sociology and the Philosophy of Culture at the University of Exeter in the United Kingdom. Her research inter- ests include applied drama as well as issues of social hierarchy in the culture of contemporary art. Wayne E. Baker is Professor of Management and Organizations and Professor of Sociology at the University of Michigan, and Faculty Associate at the Institute for Social Research. He is the Principal Investigator for the 2003 Detroit Area Study and Principal Investigator and Team Leader for the Detroit Arab American Study. His research interests include economic sociol- ogy, networks and social capital, organizations, and culture. Tony Bates is a private consultant specializing in the planning and manage- ment of e-learning in higher education. Between 1995 and 2003 he was Director of Distance Education and Technology at the University of British Columbia, following five years as Executive Director, Strategic Planning, at the Open Learning Agency, Vancouver, Canada. He was a founding staff member of the British Open University, working there from 1969 to 1989, becoming Professor of Educational Media Research. He is the author of eight books on educational media, distance education, and the management of learn- ing technologies. He has been a consultant to the World Bank, OECD, UNESCO, Ministries of Education in several countries, and state higher education commissions in the USA, as well as to many universities and colleges. He is currently advising the Open University of Catalonia on research into e-learning. He has a PhD in educational administration from the University of London, and has honorary degrees from Laurentian University and the Open University of Portugal. Chris Benner is an Assistant Professor of Geography at Pennsylvania State University. His work focuses on labor markets and regional development in the information economy, paying particular attention to the relationship between the diffusion of information technologies and the transformation of work and employment patterns. His book Work in the New Economy was published in 2002. He received his doctorate in City and Regional Planning from the University of California, Berkeley. xi xii Notes on contributors Nathaniel Bulkley is a PhD student at the University of Michigan School of Information. His dissertation work focuses on the relationship between infor- mation management practices and productivity in the context of executive recruiting. Manuel Castells is the Wallis Annenberg Chair Professor of Communication Technology and Society at the Annenberg School of Communication, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • China Sets Sail Andrew Erickson, Lyle Goldstein & Carnes Lord
    THE NEW ASIAN ORDER China has been undergoing an historic shift in emphasis from land to naval power. Is its maritime buildup a strategic necessity or an ill-conceived diversion? China Sets Sail Andrew Erickson, Lyle Goldstein & Carnes Lord he People’s Republic of China is in With but one notable exception, China’s the process of an astonishing, multi- rulers throughout history have traditionally em- T faceted transformation. If the explosive phasized land power over sea power. Of course, growth of China’s industrial economy over the ordinary Chinese living on the country’s exten- past several decades is the most obvious com- sive coastline have always taken to the sea for ponent of that transformation, no less remark- their livelihood, but the economy of China has able is China’s turn to the sea. With its stun- always been fundamentally rooted in its soil. To ning advance in global shipbuilding markets, the extent that the Chinese engaged in com- its vast and expanding merchant marine, the mercial activities over the centuries, they did so wide reach of its offshore energy and minerals primarily with a view to their large and largely exploration, its growing fishing fleet, and not self-sufficient internal market, readily accessible least, its rapidly modernizing navy, China is through China’s great navigable river systems fast becoming an outward-looking maritime as well as its many seaward ports. Moreover, state. At a time when the U.S. Navy continues prior to 1840, the Chinese faced virtually no to shrink in numbers if not relative capability, sustained security threats on their ocean flank.
    [Show full text]
  • The Military Dimensions of U.S. – China Security Cooperation: Retrospective and Future Prospects
    The Military Dimensions of U.S. – China Security Cooperation: Retrospective and Future Prospects Dr. David Finkelstein CIM D0023640.A1/Final September 2010 CNA is a non-profit research and analysis organization comprised of the Center for Naval Analyses (a federally funded research and development center) and the Institute for Public Research. The CNA China Studies division provides its sponsors, and the public, analyses of China’s emerging role in the international order, China’s impact in the Asia-Pacific region, important issues in US-China relations, and insights into critical developments within China itself. Whether focused on Chinese defense and security issues, Beijing’s foreign policies, bilateral relations, political developments, economic affairs, or social change, our analysts adhere to the same spirit of non-partisanship, objectivity, and empiricism that is the hallmark of CNA research. Our program is built upon a foundation of analytic products and hosted events. Our publications take many forms: research monographs, short papers, and briefings as well as edited book-length studies. Our events include major conferences, guest speakers, seminars, and workshops. All of our products and programs are aimed at providing the insights and context necessary for developing sound plans and policies and for making informed judgments about China. CNA China Studies enjoys relationships with a wide network of subject matter experts from universities, from government, and from the private sector both in the United States and overseas. We particularly value our extensive relationships with counterpart organizations throughout “Greater China”, other points across Asia, and beyond. Dr. David M. Finkelstein, Vice President and Director of CNA China Studies, is available at (703) 824-2952 and on e-mail at [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Modelling of Human Population Distribution in China
    Ecological Modelling 181 (2005) 461–478 Surface modelling of human population distribution in China Tian Xiang Yuea,∗, Ying An Wanga, Ji Yuan Liua, Shu Peng Chena, Dong Sheng Qiua, Xiang Zheng Denga, Ming Liang Liua, Yong Zhong Tiana, Bian Ping Sub a Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 917 Building, Datun, Anwai, Beijing 100101, China b College of Science, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China Received 24 March 2003; received in revised form 23 April 2004; accepted 4 June 2004 Abstract On the basis of introducing major data layers corresponding to net primary productivity (NPP), elevation, city distribution and transport infrastructure distribution of China, surface modelling of population distribution (SMPD) is conducted by means of grid generation method. A search radius of 200 km is defined in the process of generating each grid cell. SMPD not only pays attention to the situation of relative elements at the site of generating grid cell itself but also calculates contributions of other grid cells by searching the surrounding environment of the generating grid cell. Human population distribution trend since 1930 in China is analysed. The results show that human population distribution in China has a slanting trend from the eastern region to the western and middle regions of China during the period from 1930 to 2000. Two scenarios in 2015 are developed under two kinds of assumptions. Both scenarios show that the trends of population floating from the western and middle regions to the eastern region of China are very outstanding with urbanization and transport development.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatiotemporal Evolution of China's Railway Network in the 20Th Century
    Transportation Research Part A 43 (2009) 765–778 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Transportation Research Part A journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tra Spatiotemporal evolution of China’s railway network in the 20th century: An accessibility approach Jiaoe Wang a,b,*, Fengjun Jin a, Huihui Mo a,c, Fahui Wang c a Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China b Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA c China Communications and Transportation Association, Beijing 100825, China article info abstract Article history: The interrelatedness of transportation development and economic growth has been a con- Received 27 April 2007 stant theme of geographic inquiries, particularly in economic and transportation geogra- Received in revised form 17 June 2009 phy. This paper analyzes the expansion of China’s railway network, the evolution of its Accepted 12 July 2009 spatial accessibility, and the impacts on economic growth and urban systems over a time span of about one century (1906–2000). First, major historical events and policies and their effects on railway development in China are reviewed and grouped into four major eras: Keywords: preliminary construction, network skeleton, corridor building, and deep intensification. Railway network All four eras followed a path of ‘‘inland expansion.” Second, spatial distribution of accessi- Accessibility Spatiotemporal patterns bility and its evolution are analyzed. The spatial structure of China’s railway network is Urban systems characterized by ‘‘concentric rings” with its major axis in North China and the most acces- China sible city gradually migrating from Tianjin to Zhengzhou.
    [Show full text]
  • Geography & the Early Settlement of China
    History Alive Text Chapter 19 – Geography & the Early Settlement of China 19.1 – Introduction In this unit, you will explore the civilization of ancient China. This civilization flourished from about 1700 B.C.E. to 220 C.E. China is a large country in eastern Asia. It’s easy to use words like highest, largest, and longest when talking about China’s geography. The world’s highest mountains, the Himalayas, are in China. So is one of the world’s largest deserts, the Taklamakan Desert. China also boasts some of the longest rivers in the world. China’s climate is just as extreme as its physical features. The weather can vary from ice storms in the high mountains to the dreaded sandstorm of the Taklamakan Desert. During a sandstorm, the sky darkens until it feels like night. Hot, howling winds drive sand and gravel against you. The only way to survive is to wrap yourself in clothes or blankets and lie down until the storm passes. That could be hours or even days. As you can see, China is a land of contrasts . In this chapter, you will compare five geographic regions in China. You’ll learn about the climate, physical features and vegetation of each region. You’ll also discover how geography affected where the first Chinese settled, the way they lived and their ability to communicate with other civilizations. 19.2 – An Overview of China’s Geography Modern China is the third largest country in the world, after Russia and Canada. It covers about 3.7 million square miles.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Provincial Economies
    ANALYSIS China’s Provincial Economies: January 2019 Growing Together or Pulling Apart? Prepared by Introduction Steven G. Cochrane [email protected] Chief APAC Economist Over the past decade, China’s inland provinces have begun to narrow the gaps in output, incomes and productivity with their more dynamic coastal peers, but with economic growth Shu Deng slowing across China’s provincial economies, this period of convergence has come to a close. [email protected] Senior Economist In this paper, we examine regional patterns of economic growth across China’s provinces, comparing changes in industrial structure, productivity growth and demographics. While large Abhilasha Singh [email protected] investments in manufacturing, infrastructure and resource extraction helped narrow inland Economist provinces’ overall gap with the coast, the growing prominence of services—particularly high- tech service industries—will shift the locus of China’s growth back to its coastal provinces. Jesse Rogers [email protected] Economist Brittany Merollo [email protected] Associate Economist Contact Us Email [email protected] U.S./Canada +1.866.275.3266 EMEA +44.20.7772.5454 (London) +420.224.222.929 (Prague) Asia/Pacific +852.3551.3077 All Others +1.610.235.5299 Web www.economy.com www.moodysanalytics.com MOODY’S ANALYTICS China’s Provincial Economies: Growing Together or Pulling Apart? BY STEVEN G. COCHRANE, SHU DENG, ABHILASHA SINGH, JESSE ROGERS AND BRITTANY MEROLLO ver the past decade, China’s inland provinces have begun to narrow the gaps in output, incomes and productivity with their more dynamic coastal peers, but with economic growth slowing across China’s provincial economies, this period of convergence has come to a close.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolving Geography of China's Industrial Production: Implications
    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE EVOLVING GEOGRAPHY OF CHINA’S INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLLUTION DYNAMICS AND URBAN QUALITY OF LIFE Siqi Zheng Cong Sun Ye Qi Matthew E. Kahn Working Paper 19624 http://www.nber.org/papers/w19624 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 November 2013 Siqi Zheng and Cong Sun thank National Science Foundation of China (No. 71322307, No. 70973065 and No. 71273154), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0313), and Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program for research support. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2013 by Siqi Zheng, Cong Sun, Ye Qi, and Matthew E. Kahn. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. The Evolving Geography of China’s Industrial Production: Implications for Pollution Dynamics and Urban Quality of Life Siqi Zheng, Cong Sun, Ye Qi, and Matthew E. Kahn NBER Working Paper No. 19624 November 2013 JEL No. L23,L38,L6,R14,R23,R28 ABSTRACT China’s rapid economic growth has been fueled by industrialization and urbanization. Given its export focus, this industrialization was spatially concentrated in the coastal eastern cities. Over the last decade, a spatial transformation has taken place leading to a deindustrialization of the rich coastal cities and sharp industrial growth in the inland cities.
    [Show full text]
  • From Japanese Colony to Sacred Chinese Territory: Taiwan’S Geostrategic Significance To
    © 2020 Twentieth Century China Journal, Inc. This material first appeared in Twentieth-Century China 45: 3 (2020) 351–368. Reprinted with permission by Johns Hopkins University Press. Accepted version downloaded from: http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/32503/ From Japanese Colony to Sacred Chinese Territory: Taiwan’s Geostrategic Significance to China STEVE TSANG SOAS China Institute, UK Twentieth Century China, 45-3 (October 2020) This paper shows that while China now attaches geostrategic importance to Taiwan, it has not always done so. It has only accorded such significance to Taiwan in the post-Mao era. By reviewing how Taiwan became a Japanese colony, how it came under the control of Chiang Kai-shek’s government, and how it came to be seen by the government of the People’s Republic of China as a sacred territory before being deemed geostrategically significant, this paper seeks to demonstrate that Taiwan’s importance to China is not based on geography, an immutable factor. Instead, it was the result of contingencies of history and the changed calculations of succeeding governments in China. This leads to the important conclusion that the geostrategic importance the Chinese government now attaches to Taiwan may change if the Chinese leadership alters its strategic calculus or if the government itself is replaced. KEYWORDS: Cairo Conference, first island chain, imagined geography, sacred territory, strategic calculation Since the People’s Republic of China (PRC) describes Taiwan as a "sacred territory" in its constitution, it is reasonable to assume that it attaches central importance to Taiwan.1 The 1 National People’s Congress of the PRC, Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, accessed September 12, 2016, http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Constitution/2007- 11/15/content_1372962.htm.
    [Show full text]
  • High-Speed Economic Growth of 1984 US Dollar Versus Other Western Currencies Chinese Women Devoted to the Modernization Drive
    Vol. 28, No. 10 March 11, 1985 A CHINESE WEEKLY OF NEWS AND VIEWS High-Speed Economic Growth of 1984 US Dollar Versus Other Western Currencies Chinese Women Devoted to the Modernization Drive Jin Qunying (left), deputy chief engineer at the Yibin Chemical Plant in Sichuan Province, has been rewarded for her Lin Shengrong, a university graduate, works at the Gezhouba achievements in scientific research. SPOTLIQHT Hydroelectric Power Station. She worked out the programme for the computer-controlled cement mixer, which has greatly raised work efficiency. Zhang Aiping (right), a worker with thel Wang Hongyi, a Liuqin (a plucked string Dondong Wristwatch Plant in LiaoningI i instrument) player with a cultural troupe of ^rovince, fulfilled her 10-year prodyctioni the People's Liberation Army, often performs quota in five years. She was elected ol in border areas and on islands. She has deputy to the National People's Congress. received an award. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WEEK Vol. 28, No. 10 March 11, 1985 Reforms Invigorate 1984 Economy CONTENTS Among last year's economic successes was a 14.2 percent increase in the gross output value of industry and agriculture, NOTES FROM THE EDITORS 4 up to 1,062 billion yuan. More than 407 million tons of grain Party Consolidation Enters Second were harvested, keeping China's status as the word's largest Stage grain producer. Other achievements are also outlined in this article by the minister in charge of the State Economic Com• LEHERS 5 mission (p. 15). EVENTS & TRENDS 6-10 State Contracts Commercial Out• lets US Dollar Versus Other Western Currencies Auto Industry Hits Boom Times War on Rodents Marks Rot Year After analysing the factors favorable to the US dollar, this Women Claiming Their Legal article concludes that the US dollar's rapid rise will slow and Rights hover around the average 1984 level.
    [Show full text]
  • Zhu and Pickles-China Apparel Production.Pdf
    Journal of Contemporary Asia, 2014 Vol. 44, No. 1, 36–63, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2013.801166 Bring In, Go Up, Go West, Go Out: Upgrading, Regionalisation and Delocalisation in China’s Apparel Production Networks SHENGJUN ZHU & JOHN PICKLES Department of Geography, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA ABSTRACT The rise of China’s export-oriented apparel industry since the 1990s has been driven largely by global sourcing practices intent on capturing the cost advantages of a development model predicated, in part, on unskilled or semi-skilled migratory labour flows, linking western and central labour pools to coastal production sites. Until recently, the dominance of this model has fuelled growth in low-wage employment in the coastal regions and has provided few opportunities for economic and social upgrading. Since the early 2000s, coastal factories have increasingly had to confront difficulties generated by the increasing social and economic costs of this regionally concentrated low wage growth model. Specifically, this paper focuses on the role of the apparel industry in this process. It documents the major changes in organisation and geographies of economic activity in the industry, and demonstrates how the central and local state, domestic and international capital and Chinese and other Asian workers are shaping the changing organisation and geography of China’s apparel industry. The paper focuses particularly on firm strategies and state policies that have arisen in response to pressure to increase wages from workers,
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Communists and Rural Society, 1927-1934
    Center for Chinese Studies • CHINA RESEARCH MONOGRAPHS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY NUMBER THIRTEEN CHINESE COMMUNISTS AND RURAL SOCIETY, 1927-1934 PHILIP C. C. HUANG LYNDA SCHAEFER BELL KATHY LEMONS WALKER Chinese Communists and Rural Society, 1927-1934 A publication of the Center for Chinese Studies University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Cover Colophon by Shih-hsiang Chen Center for Chinese Studies • CHINA RESEARCH MONOGRAPHS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY NUMBER THIRTEEN CHINESE COMMUNISTS AND RURAL SOCIETY, 1927-1934 PHILIP C. C. HUANG LYNDA SCHAEFER BELL KATHY LEMONS WALKER Although the Center for Chinese Studies is responsible for the selection and acceptance of monographs in this series, respon­ sibility for the opinions expressed in them and for the accuracy of statements contained in them rests with their authors. © 1978 by the Regents of the Universit y of California ISBN 0-912966-18-1 Library of Congress Catalog Number 78-620018 Printed in the United States of America $5.00 Contents INTRODUCTION ......... ........... .. .. ..... Philip C. C. Huang INTELLECTUALS, LUMPENPROLETARIANS, WORKERS AND PEASANTS IN THE COMMUNIST MOVEMENT.................. 5 Philip C. C. Huang AGRICULTURAL LABORERS AND RURAL REVOLUTION . 29 Lynda Schaefer Bell THE PARTY AND PEASANT WOMEN 57 Kathy LeMons Walker A COMMENT ON THE WESTE RN LITERATURE. 83 Philip C. C. Huang REFERENCES . 99 GLOSSARY . .. .......... ................. .. .. 117 LIST OF MAPS I. Revolutionary Base Areas and Guerilla Zones in 1934 2 II. The Central Soviet Area in 1934 . 6 III. Xingguo and Surrounding Counties......... .. 10 1 The Jiangxi Period : an Introduction Philip C. C. Huang The Chinese Communist movement in its early years was primarily urban-based.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Geography
    China’s Geography: A Boon or Bane? 2 of 29 About the Author Colonel Ashish Sirsikar is a Senior Research Fellow at the Vivekananda International Foundation. He undertakes research in the field of National Security & Defence Studies and specially focuses on China. http://www.vifindia.org © Vivekananda International Foundation China’s Geography: A Boon or Bane? 3 of 29 China’s Geography: A Boon or Bane? The Factor of Geography Well before China arose, its inherent geographical potential had been studied and commented upon by many. However, the true potential of Chinese geography was recognised by the English geographer Sir HJ Mackinder in his famous 1904 article, ‘The Geographical Pivot of History’1in which he posited that the Chinese, should they expand their power well beyond their borders, “might constitute the yellow peril to the world’s freedom just because they would add an oceanic frontage to the resources of the great continent, an advantage as yet denied to the Russian tenant of the pivot region”. Mackinder’s assertion was based on the indisputable premise that, whereas Russia, basically was and still is a land power with an oceanic front blocked by ice, China owing to its large temperate coastline was both a land power and sea power. Subsequently, Mackinder in his widely read and acclaimed piece ‘Democratic Ideals and Reality’ hadpredicted that, along with the United States and the United Kingdom, China would eventually guide the world by ‘building for a quarter of humanity a new civilization, neither quite Eastern nor quite western’2. A century on, some feel that Mackinder’s prophetic pronouncementsare turning into a reality and China’s geography is its greatest boon.
    [Show full text]