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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION can applications; addition of an address, ‘‘http://www.epa.gov/ttn’’. AGENCY essential use exemption for cleaning Electronic versions of this preamble and solvents; clarification of compliance rule are located under the OAR Policy 40 CFR Parts 9 and 63 dates; clarification of the applicability of and Guidance Information Web site, new source MACT to spray booths; ‘‘http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg/’’, under [AD±FRL±5978±4] clarification and addition of emissions the Recently Signed Rules section. If RIN 2060±AE02 averaging provisions; revision of the more information on the TTNWeb is requirements for new and existing needed, contact the Systems Operator at National Emission Standards for primer and topcoat application (919) 541–5384. Hazardous Air Pollutants and Control operations; clarification of monitoring FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For Techniques Guideline Document for requirements for dry particulate filter information concerning this notice and Source Categories: Aerospace usage; revision of the standard for analyses performed in developing this Manufacturing and Rework Facilities depainting operations; addition of a rule, contact Ms. Barbara Driscoll, cross reference to requirements in the AGENCY: Environmental Protection Policy Planning and Standards Group, General Provisions in subpart A of part Agency (EPA). Emission Standards Division (MD–13), 63; addition of appendix A to this U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, ACTION: Final rule and release of final subpart containing definitions for Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; control techniques guideline (CTG) specialty coatings; miscellaneous telephone number (919) 541–0164. For document. changes to the proposed amendatory implementation issues (guidance language; and minor technical SUMMARY: This action finalizes several documents), contact Ms. Ingrid Ward, corrections, including correction of the amendments to the national emission Program Review Group, Information OMB tracking number in 40 CFR part 9 standards for hazardous air pollutants Transfer and Program Integration (Section 9.1), that were not part of the (NESHAP) for aerospace manufacturing Division (MD–12), U. S. Environmental October 29, 1996 proposal. Today’s and rework facilities proposed in the Protection Agency, Research Triangle action takes final action on all of these Federal Register on October 29, 1996 Park, NC 27711, telephone number (919) amendments. (61 FR 55842). The amendments 541–0300. For information concerning include: Corrections to several EFFECTIVE DATE: March 27, 1998. applicability and rule determinations, references in the rule; revisions and ADDRESSES: Control Techniques contact your State or local additions to definitions; clarification of Guideline. Copies of the final CTG may representative or the appropriate EPA the applicability of the cleaning be obtained from the U. S. EPA Library regional representative. For a listing of operations standards; clarification of the (MD–35), Research Triangle Park, NC EPA regional contacts, see the following applicability of the rule to space 27711; telephone (919) 541–2777. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section. vehicles; addition of standards for Type An electronic version of documents SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I chemical milling maskants; addition of from the Office of Air and Radiation a test method for determining the (OAR) are available through EPA’s OAR Regulated Entities filtration efficiency of dry particulate Technology Transfer Network Web site Entities potentially regulated by this filters; revision of standards for new and (TTNWeb). The TTNWeb is a collection action are owners or operators of existing sources using dry particulate of related Web sites containing facilities that are engaged, either in part filters to control emissions from topcoat information about many areas of air or in whole, in the manufacturing or and primer application and depainting pollution science, technology, rework of commercial, civil, or military operations; addition of an exemption for regulation, measurement, and aerospace vehicles or components and certain water-reducible coatings; prevention. The TTNWeb is directly that are major sources as defined in addition of an exemption from inorganic accessible from the Internet via the § 63.2 of this part. Regulated categories HAP requirements for hand-held spray World Wide Web at the following include:

Category Examples of regulated entities

Industry ...... Facilities that are major sources of hazardous air pollutants and manufacture, rework, or repair aircraft such as airplanes, helicopters, missiles, rockets, and space vehicles. Federal Government ...... Federal facilities that are major sources of hazardous air pollutants and manufacture, rework, or repair aircraft such as airplanes, helicopters, missiles, rockets, and space vehicles.

This table is not intended to be have questions regarding the New York, NY 10007–1866, (212) exhaustive, but rather it provides a applicability of this action to a 637–4023 (Umesh), (212) 637–4065 guide for readers regarding entities that particular entity, contact the appropriate (Yue-On) EPA is now aware could potentially be regional representative: regulated by this action. Other types of Region III Region I entities not listed in the table could also Bernard Turlinski, U.S. EPA Region III, be regulated. To determine whether NESHAP (MACT) Coordinator, U.S. 841 Chestnut Building, Philadelphia, your facility [company, business, EPA Region I, John F. Kennedy PA 19107, (215) 566–2150 organization, etc.] is regulated by this Federal Building, One Congress action, you should carefully examine Street, Boston, MA 02203–001, (617) Region IV the applicability criteria in § 63.741 of 565–3438 Leonardo Ceron, U.S. EPA Region IV, the NESHAP for aerospace Region II manufacturing and rework facilities Atlanta Federal Center, 61 Forsyth promulgated in the Federal Register on Umesh Dholakia or Yue-On Chiu, U.S. Street SW, Atlanta, GA 30303–3104, September 1, 1995 (60 FR 45948). If you EPA Region II, 290 Broadway Street, (404) 562–9129 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations 15007

Region V SIC 3764, Space Propulsion Units and I. Background Emmett Keegan, U.S. EPA Region V, 77 Parts; SIC 3769, Space Vehicle National emission standards for West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, IL Equipment; SIC 4512, Scheduled Air hazardous air pollutants for aerospace 60604–3507, (312) 886–0678 Transportation; and SIC 4581, Airports, manufacturing and rework facilities Flying Fields, and Services. Region VI were proposed under Section 112(d) of (As of January 1, 1997, a new the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 Elvia Evering, U.S. EPA Region VI, First numerical coding system for classifying (the ‘‘Act’’) in the Federal Register on Interstate Bank Tower, @ Fountain industries has been implemented by the June 6, 1994 (59 FR 29216). Public Place, 1445 Ross Avenue, 12th Floor, U.S. Census Bureau. The new system is comments were received regarding the Suite 1200, Dallas, TX 75202–2733, called the North American Industrial standards and the final NESHAP was (214) 665–7575 Classification System—NAICS. The promulgated in the Federal Register on following list of affected industries was Region VII September 1, 1995 (60 FR 45948). After developed as a cross-reference to the promulgation of the final rule, several Richard Tripp, U.S. EPA Region VII, Air above SIC codes: NAICS 336411, issues were raised by various industry Toxics Coordinator, 726 Minnesota Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS 336412, representatives and affected parties. Avenue, Kansas City, KS 66101, (913) Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Based on discussions with the 551–7566 Manufacturing; NAICS 336413, Other commenters, the Agency proposed Region VIII Aircraft Part and Auxiliary Equipment actions to amend §§ 63.741, 63.742, Manufacturing; NAICS 336414, Guided 63.743, 63.744, 63.745, 63.746, 63.747, Heather Rooney, U.S. EPA Region VIII, Missile and Space Vehicle Air Toxics Coordinator, 999 18th 63.749, 63.750, 63.751, 63.752 and Manufacturing; NAICS 336419, Other 63.753 of subpart GG of 40 CFR part 63. Street, Suite 500, Denver, CO 80202– Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts 2466, (303) 312–6971 These sections deal with applicability, and Auxiliary Equipment definitions, general standards, cleaning Region IX Manufacturing; NAICS 481111, operations, topcoat and primer Nikole Reaksecker, U.S. EPA Region IX, Scheduled Passenger Air application operations, depainting Air Division-6, 75 Hawthorne Street, Transportation; and NAICS 481112, operations, chemical milling maskant San Francisco, CA 94105, (415) 744– Scheduled Freight Air Transportation.) application operations, compliance 1187 The information presented below is dates and determinations, test methods organized as follows: and procedures, monitoring Region X I. Background requirements, recordkeeping Andrea Wullenweber, U.S. EPA Region A. Public Comment on the October 29, requirements, and reporting X, Air Toxics Coordinator, 1200 Sixth 1996 Proposal requirements. These changes provide Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, (206) B. Judicial Review additional flexibility to the regulated 553–8760 II. Summary of Major Comments and community and in several instances, These amendments to the rule will Changes to the Proposed Amendments to clarify/correct errors in the regulatory the Rule not change the basic control A. Corrections to References text. requirements of the rule or the level of B. Definitions health protection it provides. The rule A. Public Comment on the October 29, C. Cleaning Operations 1996 Proposal requires new and existing major sources D. Applicability to Space Vehicles to control emissions of hazardous air E. Standards for Type I Maskants Eighteen comment letters were pollutants to the level reflecting F. Test Method for Determining Filtration received on the October 29, 1996 application of the maximum achievable Efficiency Federal Register document that control technology. G. Standards for Dry Particulate Filters proposed changes to the rule. The In addition, the EPA announces the H. Exemption for Waterborne Coatings proposed changes covered a variety of availability of a final control techniques I. Exemption From Inorganic HAP issues and many of the comment letters Requirements for Hand-Held Spray Can guideline (CTG) document for control of Applications were supportive of the amendments. A volatile organic compound (VOC) J. Essential Use Exemption for Cleaning few other comment letters also included emissions from aerospace Solvents suggested editorial revisions to further manufacturing and rework facilities. K. Compliance Dates clarify some aspects of the proposed This document has been prepared in L. Requirements for New Affected Sources amendments or to address oversights in accordance with section 183(b)(3) of the (Spray Booths) the proposed amendments. The EPA Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (the M. Emissions Averaging considered these suggestions and, where ‘‘Act’’) to assist States in analyzing and N. Requirements for New and Existing appropriate, made changes to the determining reasonably available Primer and Topcoat Application proposed amendments. The significant Operations control technology (RACT) for O. Monitoring Requirements for Dry issues raised and the changes to the stationary sources of VOC emissions Particulate Filter Usage proposed amendments are summarized located within ozone national ambient P. Depainting Operations in this preamble. More detailed air quality standard nonattainment Q. Applicability of General Provisions responses are provided in an addendum areas. The final document recommends R. Specialty Coatings to the background information RACT for industries included in, but not S. Miscellaneous Changes document (BID) volume II which can be limited to, 10 Standard Industrial T. Technical Corrections found in Docket A–92–20, document Classification (SIC) codes: SIC 3720, III. Control Techniques Guideline No. EPA 453/R–97–003b. Some of the Aircraft and Parts; SIC 3721, Aircraft; IV. Administrative Requirements comment letters also included A. Docket SIC 3724, Aircraft Engines and Engine B. Paperwork Reduction Act numerous issues not covered in the Parts; SIC 3728, Aircraft Parts and C. Executive Order 12866 October 29, 1996 proposal. The EPA Equipment; SIC 3760, Guided Missiles, D. Regulatory Flexibility Act reviewed and responded to each of Space Vehicles, and Parts; SIC 3761, E. Submission to Congress these in the addendum to the BID; any Guided Missiles and Space Vehicles; F. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act resulting changes to the final rule will 15008 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations be proposed in a future Federal Register or flush cleaning. This definition does ‘‘antique aircraft’’ definition because the notice. not include solutions that contain HAP Agency interprets the definition as and VOC below the de minimis levels including aircraft built at least 30 years B. Judicial Review specified in § 63.741(f) (e.g., water or ago that are not currently flightworthy. Under section 307(b)(1) of the Act, acetone).’’ The EPA also proposed to Therefore, EPA is promulgating the judicial review of today’s amendments change the applicable portion of definition of antique aircraft as set forth to the NESHAP for aerospace § 63.741(f) to read: ‘‘The requirements of in the proposal with some clarification manufacturing and rework facilities is this subpart also do not apply to (i.e., simplification) as follows: available only on the filing of a petition primers, topcoats, chemical milling Antique aerospace vehicle or component for review in the U.S. Court of Appeals maskants, strippers, and cleaning means an aircraft or component thereof that for the District of Columbia Circuit solvents containing HAP and VOC at a was built at least 30 years ago. An antique within 60 days of today’s publication of concentration less than 0.1 percent for aerospace vehicle would not routinely be in this final rule. Under section 307(b)(2) carcinogens or 1.0 percent for commercial or military service in the of the CAA, the requirements that are noncarcinogens, as determined from capacity for which it was designed. subject to today’s notice may not be manufacturer’s representations.’’ One Due to the proposed addition of a challenged later in civil or criminal commenter stated that not all HAP’s are standard for Type I chemical milling proceedings brought by the EPA to VOC’s, nor are all VOC’s HAP’s. If the maskants, EPA proposed revising the enforce these requirements. ‘‘and’’ is used, then one could read definition for chemical milling maskant. One commenter noted that in the II. Summary of Major Comments and § 63.741(f) to require both VOC’s and proposed definition, listed examples Changes to the Proposed Amendments HAP’s to be present for an exemption to should be made identical to the listed to the Rule apply. The commenter recommended using ‘‘and/or’’ which is unacceptable names for these maskants found in A. Corrections to References because it would create an exemption appendix A to subpart GG. Another commenter raised the issue of In the September 1995 promulgated when both HAP and VOC were present, exempting chemical milling maskants rule, there were several references to but only one was below the specified used for two different types of chemical § 63.751(b)(7)(iii), which only existed in level. It is not the Agency’s position that milling applications. The commenter an earlier draft of the promulgated rule. both HAP and VOC need be present for stated the same maskant can be used in The EPA proposed the following the exemption described in § 63.741(f) aluminum chemical milling and revisions in October 1996: to apply. titanium chemical milling, but these § 63.751(b)(6)(ii)(A) of the promulgated The proposed definition also applications are not used on the same rule references (b)(7)(iii)(A)(3), but contained a parenthetical reference to part or subassembly. A maskant used for should reference paragraph water or acetone as examples of both aluminum chemical milling and (b)(6)(iii)(A)(2); § 63.751(b)(6)(iii) substances that might be present at a de titanium chemical milling could not references (b)(7)(iii)(A), and (b)(7)(iii) minimis level. One commenter stated meet the low VOC content limits. In an (B) or (C), but should reference the parenthetical reference to water or existing plating shop which uses the paragraphs (b)(6)(iii)(A), and (b)(6)(iii) acetone is confusing and should be same maskant tanks for two chemical (B) or (C); § 63.751(b)(6)(iii)(A)(2) deleted. The EPA agreed and has milling applications, the proposed references (b)(7)(iii)(A)(1), but should revised the definition as follows: definition and associated maskant limits reference paragraph (b)(6)(iii)(A)(1); Cleaning solvent means a liquid material would require the addition of a new § 63.751(b)(6)(iii)(D) references (b)(7)(iii) used for hand-wipe, spray gun, or flush maskant tank to meet the low VOC (B) or (C), but should reference cleaning. This definition does not include maskant limit and another tank to meet paragraph (b)(6)(iii) (B) or (C). There solutions that contain HAP and VOC below the de minimis levels specified in § 63.741(f). the critical use applications. This might were no comments on these proposed result in an increase in emissions since revisions. The Agency also proposed adding a definition for antique aerospace vehicle the surface area of the maskant in the B. Definitions or component so that these vehicles and tanks would double. The EPA agreed The October 29, 1996 Federal components would be exempted from that the commenters’ changes are Register notice contained several the regulation. One commenter reasonable because the purpose of the definitions to be added to § 63.742 and supported the proposed definition. rule is to reduce HAP emissions and several to be revised, based on Another commenter suggested revising that adding a new maskant tank would additional information submitted to the the definition to include those nonflight likely increase HAP emissions in the Agency after promulgation of the final worthy aircraft intended for permanent aggregate. The definition has been rule. These changes are summarized display, or used for static manufacturing revised as follows: below. technology demonstrations. The Chemical milling maskant means a coating The definition of cleaning solvent in commenter indicated that the definition that is applied directly to aluminum the promulgated rule stated that in 14 CFR 45.22 is limited to components to protect surface areas when ‘‘cleaning solvent’’ did not include operational, flight worthy aircraft used chemical milling the component with a Type I or Type II etchant. Type I chemical milling solutions that contained ‘‘no’’ HAP or in exhibitions (motion pictures, maskants are used with a Type I etchant and VOC. Many aqueous cleaners contain television productions or air shows). Type II chemical milling maskants are used negligible amounts of HAP or VOC. The The EPA believes that the passage to with a Type II etchant. This definition does EPA wants to encourage the use of these which the commenter refers actually not include bonding maskants, critical use aqueous cleaners. Therefore, in October concerns ‘‘exhibition’’ rather than and line sealer maskants, and seal coat 1996 the EPA proposed the following ‘‘antique’’ aircraft. It was not EPA’s maskants. Additionally, maskants that must language to exclude cleaners containing intent to add an exemption for be used with a combination of Type I or Type II etchants and any of the above types of de minimis levels of HAP or VOC from exhibition aircraft that do not meet the maskants (i.e., bonding, critical use and line the definition of cleaning solvent: ‘‘antique aircraft’’ definition. In sealer, and seal coat) are also exempt from ‘‘Cleaning solvent means a liquid addition, EPA believes that it is not this subpart. (See also Type I and Type II material used for hand-wipe, spray gun, necessary to expand the scope of the etchant definitions.) 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To further clarify the types of Waterborne (water-reducible) coating in regulating flush cleaning. No chemical milling maskants that are means any coating that contains more than 5 comments were received on this change. covered by the final rule, the Agency is percent water by weight as applied in its Based on information from industry, volatile fraction. providing the following separate the EPA proposed a modification to the definitions for Type I and Type II No comments were received on these exemption in § 63.744(e)(10). The etchants: proposed definitions. revised text reads as follows: Type I etchant means a chemical milling Section 63.741(f) has also been Cleaning of aircraft transparencies, etchant that contains varying amounts of modified to include § 63.742 polycarbonate, or glass substrates. dissolved sulfur and does not contain (Definitions) in the list of additional No comments were received on this amines. specific exemptions from regulatory revision. Type II etchant means a chemical milling coverage. etchant that is a strong sodium hydroxide D. Applicability to Space Vehicles solution containing amines. C. Cleaning Operations Space vehicles (i.e., vehicles designed A commenter provided example Under the promulgated rule, the to travel beyond the limit of the earth’s scenarios in which the current standards for cleaning operations could atmosphere) are specifically exempted definition of self-priming topcoat is be read to apply to all cleaning from the requirements of this rule, overly restrictive. The commenter operations at a facility, not only to except for the standards for depainting further stated that self-priming topcoats cleaning operations that involve operations. The EPA proposed (1) should be recognized as topcoats and aerospace vehicles, components, or removing the reference to these vehicles the topcoat VOC/HAP limits should coating equipment. In order to clarify in § 63.741(f) and (2) adding an apply, not the primer limits. The the applicability of the standards for additional specific exemption in a new Agency did not agree that the described cleaning operations, the Agency paragraph, § 63.741(h), to clarify the scenarios are likely to present any proposed to revise § 63.741(c) to limit exemption. The EPA proposed problems in determining the the applicability of the final rule to the § 63.741(h) as follows: appropriate coating category. However, manufacture or rework of aerospace the Agency did agree that removing the vehicles or components. Other Regulated activities associated with space vehicles designed to travel beyond the limit last sentence from the definition which nonaerospace activities (e.g., general of the earth’s atmosphere, including but not stated: ‘‘The coating is not subsequently facility cleaning) are not subject to the limited to satellites, space stations, and the topcoated with any other product requirements of this rule. No comments Space Shuttle System (including orbiter, formulation’’ does clarify the definition were received on this issue and EPA is external tanks, and solid rocket boosters), are of self-priming topcoat and makes it promulgating the revisions as proposed. exempt from the requirements of this more consistent with the definition of The EPA proposed to replace the subpart, except for depainting operations topcoat. word ‘‘solvent’’ with the defined term found in § 63.746. Based on additional information ‘‘cleaning solvent’’ for clarity and One commenter concurred with this received from industry, the EPA consistency in § 63.744, paragraphs (a), revision as an important clarification of proposed in October 1996 to change or (b), (c), and (e). The EPA has also the applicability of the rule for add the following definitions: changed the cleaning rag storage aerospace organizations. The EPA Aircraft transparency means the aircraft requirement by rewording the first decided to promulgate this change to windshield, canopy, passenger windows, sentence of § 63.744(a)(1) as follows: the final rule. lenses, and other components that are Place cleaning solvent-laden cloth, paper, constructed of transparent materials. or any other absorbent applicators used for E. Standards for Type I Maskants Chemical milling maskant application cleaning in bags or other closed containers The EPA proposed to establish an operation means application of chemical upon completing their use. milling maskant for use with Type I or Type emission limitation for Type I maskants II chemical milling etchants. As originally promulgated, this and to include Type I maskants within Closed-cycle depainting system means a NESHAP required that cleaning rags be the definition of chemical milling dust-free, automated process that removes stored immediately after use. In October maskants. Pursuant to section 114 of the permanent coating in small sections at a 1996, EPA proposed to remove the word Act, information regarding maskants time, and maintains a continuous vacuum ‘‘immediately’’ from the sentence to was requested from nine companies that around the area(s) being depainted to capture emissions. make the rule more consistent from a own or operate aerospace manufacturing High volume low pressure (HVLP) spray temporal standpoint with the storage and rework facilities. Information was equipment means spray equipment that is requirements contained in the California requested for all types of maskants, used to apply coating by means of a spray SIP-approved rules that were the basis including total quantity used, gun that operates at 10.0 psig of atomizing air for this requirement. No comments were formulation data, VOC and organic HAP pressure or less at the air cap. received on these revisions. content as received and as applied, Specialty coating means a coating that, Accordingly, EPA decided to substrate category and the composition even though it meets the definition of a of the metal alloy on which the maskant primer, topcoat, or self-priming topcoat, has promulgate this change. additional performance criteria beyond those In addition, the EPA has changed the is applied, a listing of the type of parts of primers, topcoats, and self-priming requirements for flush cleaning to cover or specific aircraft surfaces on which the topcoats for specific applications. These the situation in which an operator is maskant is used, VOC and HAP performance criteria may include, but are not cleaning multiple items at the same emissions from maskant application limited to, temperature or fire resistance, station, without leaving the station. The operations, and type(s) of controls (if substrate compatibility, antireflection, change to § 63.744(d) is as follows: any). The information received on Type temporary protection or marking, sealing, ‘‘* * * empty the used cleaning I maskants was used to calculate a adhesively joining substrates, or enhanced solvent each time aerospace parts or MACT floor. The MACT floor was corrosion protection. Individual specialty coatings are defined in appendix A to this assemblies, or components of a coating determined to be the weighted (by usage subpart and in the CTG for Aerospace unit (with the exception of spray guns) volume) average HAP emissions from Manufacturing and Rework Operations are flush cleaned *** .’’ This change the sources, 622 grams per liter [g/L] (Document No. EPA 453/R–97–004). will better carry out the Agency’s intent (5.2 pounds per gallon [lb/gal]). 15010 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations

The EPA proposed revising TABLE 1 OF § 63.745.ÐTWO-STAGE the amount of testing needed is reduced § 63.747(c) to include organic HAP and ARRESTOR; LIQUID PHASE CHAL- because only two challenge materials VOC content limits of 622 grams per LENGE FOR EXISTING SOURCES are used, particle sizing accuracy is liter (g/L) (5.2 pounds per gallon [lb/ maintained, and safety and handling gal]) as the standard for uncontrolled Aero- issues associated with volatile paint Type I chemical milling maskants. The dynamic components are avoided. Filtration efficiency requirement, particle EPA proposed revising paragraphs (c)(1) The method has been revised to allow % size additional flexibility for alternate duct and (2) to specify that the organic HAP range, configurations. The 180 degree bend in and VOC limits of 160 g/L (1.3 lb/gal) µm the duct has been made optional thereby apply only to Type II chemical milling >90 ...... >5.7 allowing use of a straight duct. Also, the maskants. One commenter supported >50 ...... >4.1 measurement procedures have been EPA’s proposed limits and stated the >10 ...... >2.2 revised to allow the use of two particle proposed Type I limit recognizes that counters to allow simultaneous some chemical etching applications TABLE 2 OF § 63.745.ÐTWO-STAGE sampling (one sampling upstream and require the use of solvent-based one sampling downstream). ARRESTOR; SOLID PHASE CHAL- maskants, while still achieving a Additionally, the NESHAP retains equal significant reduction in VOC and HAP LENGE FOR EXISTING SOURCES requirements for ‘‘paint overspray emissions from masking operations. arrestors’’ under § 63.745 Primer and Aero- Due to the addition of a standard for dynamic Topcoat Application Operations, and Type I chemical milling maskants, EPA Filtration efficiency requirement, particle ‘‘particulate’’ filters under § 63.746 % size Depainting Operations. also proposed removing the definition range, of Type I maskants from the list of µm G. Standards for Dry Particulate Filters specialty coatings in appendix A of this The Agency proposed to revise MACT >90 ...... >8.1 subpart and revising the definition for requirements for the control of inorganic chemical milling maskant in § 63.742 of >50 ...... >5.0 >10 ...... >2.6 particulates from certain primer, the promulgated rule. No comments topcoat, and depainting operations. were received on deletion of the Based on a review of the available data, definition for Type I maskants from TABLE 3 OF § 63.745.ÐTHREE-STAGE the EPA proposed requiring existing Appendix A, and comments received on ARRESTOR; LIQUID PHASE CHAL- sources using particulate filters in the definition for chemical milling LENGE FOR NEW SOURCES depainting as well as topcoat and maskant are discussed under definitions primer operations, in which any of the in Section II.B of this preamble. Aero- coatings contain inorganic HAP, to meet dynamic the filtration efficiency established for F. Test Method for Determining Filtration efficiency requirement, particle the two-stage system that was tested. Filtration Efficiency % size range, Specifically, the Agency proposed µm requiring owners or operators of existing The Agency proposed a test method, sources to use particulate filters that are Method 319, for the determination of >95 ...... >2.0 certified under § 63.750(o) to meet or filtration efficiency for paint overspray >80 ...... >1.0 exceed the efficiency data in Tables 1 arresters (also referred to as particulate >65 ...... >0.42 and 2 of § 63.745 (developed from the filters). The Agency proposed that this two-stage filter testing). The Agency has method be used by filter manufacturers TABLE 4 OF § 63.745.ÐTHREE-STAGE modified this language to indicate to certify their filter efficiency. ARRESTOR; SOLID PHASE CHAL- certification must be consistent with Commenters raised several issues LENGE FOR NEW SOURCES § 63.750(o); therefore, this method can related to the technical validity of be used by filter manufacturers or proposed Method 319 and who could Aero- distributors, paint/depainting booth run the test. Based on these comments, dynamic suppliers, and/or owners or operators of the Agency has modified § 63.750(o) to Filtration efficiency requirement, particle affected sources to certify the efficiency state that this method can be used by % size range, of their filters. filter manufacturers or distributors, µm The Agency also proposed that new paint/depainting booth suppliers, or sources meet the filtration efficiency owners or operators of affected sources >95 ...... >2.5 data points for the three-stage system to certify the efficiency of their filters >85 ...... >1.1 that was tested. Specifically, the Agency for meeting the dry particulate filter >75 ...... >0.70 proposed requiring owners or operators requirements in today’s amendments. of new sources to use particulate filters Three commenters raised several that are certified under § 63.750(o) to The EPA also proposed filter issues related to test Method 319 and meet or exceed the efficiency data in efficiency tables (Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4 disagreed with specifics of the test Tables 3 and 4 of § 63.745 (developed of § 63.745) and one commenter method. All of the issues are addressed from the three-stage filter testing). These recommended adding descriptive in the Agency’s documented responses new filtration requirements reflect a language to the table headings. The EPA in Section 2.9 of the Addendum to the performance based standard rather than added ‘‘for existing sources’’ or ‘‘for new BID (Volume II), Document No. EPA specified equipment, thus allowing sources’’ to each of the table headings in 453/R–97–003b. In summary, Method more flexibility for affected sources to response to the comment. 319 will retain use of oleic acid and comply with the NESHAP. potassium chloride (KCl) challenge One commenter believed that test aerosols. By selecting oleic acid and KCl Method 319 is flawed and therefore as simulants for wet and dry overspray, questioned the filter efficiency limits Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations 15011 developed using testing based on coatings would also be required to J. Essential Use Exemption for Cleaning Method 319. The Agency disagrees with handle and transfer these coatings in a Solvents the commenter and believes the filter manner that minimizes spills, apply efficiency limits to be technically based these coatings using one or more of the In accordance with the Montreal as equivalent to MACT. The test method specified application techniques, and Protocol on Substances that Deplete the is based on several years of work comply with inorganic HAP emission Ozone Layer (‘‘Montreal Protocol’’), EPA performed for EPA and culminated in requirements. This exemption was has granted essential use allowances for testing of the two- and three-stage paint added as § 63.741(i) as follows: limited applications of ozone depleting arrestors determined to represent MACT substances (ODS’s). The EPA proposed Any waterborne coating for which the for the aerospace industry. that an essential use exemption be manufacturer’s supplied data demonstrate In announcing these revised MACT added to this rule for cleaning requirements for particulate emissions, that organic HAP and VOC contents are less than or equal to the organic HAP and VOC operations that have been identified as the Agency realizes that there are essential uses. The proposed language unique circumstances in which owners content limits for its coating type, as specified in §§ 63.745(c) and 63.747(c), is has been revised slightly for greater and operators have commenced consistency with the stratospheric construction or reconstruction of a new exempt from the following requirements of ozone regulations. The exemption was spray booth or hangar after the proposed this subpart: §§ 63.745(d)–(e), 63.747(d)–(e), 63.749(d) and (h), 63.750(c)–(h) and (k)–(m), added as § 63.744(e)(13) as follows: regulation (June 4, 1994) and have had 63.752(c) and (f), and 63.753(c) and (e). A to comply with the requirements in the Cleaning operations identified as essential facility shall maintain the manufacturer’s promulgated rule (September 1, 1995). uses under the Montreal Protocol for which supplied data and annual purchase records For these owners or operators of the Administrator has allocated essential use for each exempt waterborne coating readily aerospace manufacturing or rework allowances or exemptions in 40 CFR 82.4. available for inspection and review, and shall operations who have commenced retain these data for 5 years. construction or reconstruction of new One commenter concurred with EPA on this added exemption and EPA decided spray booth or hanger for inorganic HAP Section 63.741(f) was also modified to to promulgate this change. depainting operations, primer, or include § 63.741(i) in the list of topcoat operations after June 4, 1994 but additional specific exemptions from K. Compliance Dates prior to October 29, 1996, the EPA has regulatory coverage. provided the flexibility to meet either The EPA wishes to clarify an The Agency proposed this exemption the requirements for new sources under inconsistency between the preamble to to streamline and simplify the § 63.745(g)(2)(ii) of the amendments to the final rule and the regulation. The requirements for owners and operators the final regulation found in today’s preamble to the final aerospace notice or the requirements for new of facilities using these coatings and to encourage the use of waterborne NESHAP states, ‘‘Owners or operators of sources under § 63.45(g)(2)(iv) of the new commercial, civil, or military September 1, 1995 promulgated rule coatings which may result in lower emissions than other coating types. No aerospace OEM and rework operations which are found in § 63.745(g)(2)(iii) in with initial startup after September 1, the amended rule. Sources that comments were received on this issue 1998 will be required to comply with all commenced construction prior to June and EPA decided to promulgate this requirements upon startup.’’ This 4, 1994 are still required to meet the change. statement is incorrect. The text of the existing source requirements for I. Exemption From Inorganic HAP depainting operations and painting promulgated regulation correctly states Requirements for Hand-Held Spray Can that new sources, with initial startup on (topcoat or primer application) Applications operations found in the final amended or after September 1, 1995, must comply rule. Two commenters noted that the final with all requirements upon startup. In October 1996, the EPA also proposed to H. Exemption for Waterborne Coatings rule created a point of confusion over the absence of an exemption from clarify that the deadline for approval of The EPA proposed that any inorganic HAP requirements for the use an alternate control device is 120 days waterborne coating for which the of hand-held spray cans used outside a prior to the compliance date. This manufacturer’s supplied data paint booth or hangar (i.e., touch-up clarification, mistakenly omitted from demonstrate that the coating meets the operations). The Agency noted that such the published final rule, is now organic HAP and VOC content limits for an exemption currently exists under reflected in § 63.743(c). No comments its coating type as specified in the § 63.745(f)(3)(v) for primers and were received on this issue and, thus, regulation be exempt from many of the topcoats containing organic HAP or EPA decided to promulgate this change. organic HAP and VOC related VOC, and the requirements for touch-up requirements of this regulation. If the L. Requirements for New Affected operations would also provide an manufacturer’s supplied data indicate Sources (Spray Booths) that the waterborne coating meets the exemption for these activities when organic HAP and VOC content emission conducted outside of the hangar or paint The Agency has clarified the limits for its coating type, as specified booth. However, the Agency agreed with requirements for new affected sources. in §§ 63.745(c) and 63.747(c), then the the commenters that potential confusion An affected source is an emission unit, owner or operator would not be could result in the absence of a clear process, or operation identified in the required to demonstrate compliance for exemption under the inorganic HAP NESHAP that is part of the entire these coatings using the test method requirements. Therefore, the Agency has facility, but is not necessarily a major specified in § 63.750(c). However, the added the following paragraph (x) to the source. In today’s action the Agency is owner or operator would still be list of operations in § 63.745(g)(4) not clarifying its intent that for inorganic required to maintain purchase records subject to the requirements of HAP emissions, each spray booth or and manufacturer’s supplied data sheets paragraphs 63.745 (g)(1) through (g)(3): hangar that contains a primer or topcoat for exempt coatings. Owners or (x) The use of hand-held spray can application operation subject to operators of facilities using waterborne application methods. § 63.745(g) or a depainting operation 15012 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations subject to § 63.746(b)(4) is considered an indicated at that time in the 1995 N. Requirements for New and Existing affected source and has added this background information document that Primer and Topcoat Application description under § 63.741(c). To avoid EPA would be investigating options Operations any inconsistency, the Agency has also with respect to implementing a broad- The September 1, 1995 promulgated added the words ‘‘For organic HAP or based averaging scheme as a compliance NESHAP requires owners or operators VOC emissions’’ at the beginning of option for the Aerospace NESHAP. of primer and topcoat application § 63.741(c) (2), (3), and (4). If such an Based on additional discussion in operations who wish to use an affected source is constructed or roundtable meetings, the EPA proposed alternative application method (other reconstructed after October 29, 1996, in the October 29, 1996 amendments to than HVLP or electrostatic spray) to then that spray booth or hangar must consolidate the language dealing with demonstrate that the emissions comply with the applicable inorganic the averaging of emissions as it applies generated during the initial 30-day HAP control requirements. Construction to the aerospace industry. Paragraphs period, the period of time required to or reconstruction of a new spray booth 63.745(e)(2) and 63.747(e)(2) were apply primer to five completely or hangar at a facility with an existing consolidated into a new § 63.743(d), assembled aircraft, or a time period coating or depainting operation will not which, if promulgated as proposed, approved by the permitting agency are cause the existing operation to be would have permitted averaging across less than or equal to the emissions subject to any other new source coating types. generated using HVLP or electrostatic standards; only the new spray booth or In response to the October 1996 spray application methods. Since hangar will be subject to the applicable proposal, the EPA received two promulgation, the Agency has received new source requirements for inorganic comments that supported the changes to HAP and will need to comply upon the the averaging provisions. One comments from industry concerning the effective date of the requirements or commenter indicated that introductory test method for alternative spray startup, whichever is later. The EPA is text was needed to clarify the intent of equipment application requiring actual also making this clarification in § 63.743(d), which is where the production trials. Those concerns § 63.749(a), the compliance dates and averaging provisions are now located. involved the use of ineffective determinations section of the final rule. The EPA agrees with the commenter application equipment on actual In addition, EPA also clarified that and has added introductory language to production parts or assemblies which § 63.5(b)(3) of the General Provisions, § 63.743(d). Another commenter wanted could lead to product quality and safety which requires advance notice and the averaging provisions to be expanded issues with significant cost to the approval by the Agency prior to to include controlled operations (i.e., manufacturer. The Agency has construction or reconstruction of a those with control devices). The EPA acknowledged those concerns and major affected source, shall apply to the believes that as currently allowed, the provided additional flexibility to construction or reconstruction of a new averaging of uncontrolled coatings will owners or operators of primer and spray booth or hangar at a facility for an encourage development and use of topcoat application operations seeking existing coating or depainting operation lower HAP and VOC content coatings in to use alternative application methods. only if the booth or hangar has the the aerospace industry. In order to The October 1996, proposed potential to emit 10 tons/yr or more of preserve the environmental benefit of amendments to the final NESHAP in an individual inorganic HAP or 25 tons/ pollution prevention, EPA will not § 63.750(i)(2)(ii) allowed owners or yr or more of all inorganic HAP extend the averaging system to include operators an alternative approach combined. Owners or operators of an controlled coatings. whereby the proposed application existing coating or depainting operation With regards to an expanded method is tested against either HVLP or who construct or reconstruct a new emissions averaging scheme, the EPA electrostatic spray application methods booth or hangar that emit or have the looked at various ways to expand the in a laboratory or pilot production area, potential to emit less than 10/25 tons/ averaging provisions in the September using parts and coatings representative yr of inorganic HAP’s will only be 1995 promulgated rule so as to allow of the process(es) in which the required to submit an annual averaging between certain coating types. alternative method is to be used. Under notification on or before March 1 of In designing emissions trading and this alternative, the laboratory test will each year. This annual notification shall averaging systems, EPA believes that it use the same part configuration(s) and include all of the information required is important to consider the effect that the same number of parts for both the in § 63.5(b)(4) for each such booth or trading or averaging is likely to have on proposed method and the HVLP or hangar constructed or reconstructed in facilities’ actual emissions, as well as electrostatic spray application methods. the prior calendar year, except that the the effect on facilities’ maximum The Agency intended to make the information shall be limited to the allowable emissions. A workable laboratory test an additional option inorganic HAP’s from the new booth or scheme for averaging across coating instead of replacing the production hangar. Of course, any owner or types was not developed because the evaluation in the final rule. Therefore, operator that constructs or reconstructs format of the coating limits in the rule since no comments were received on the a new spray booth or hangar at a facility as originally promulgated creates proposed revision to § 63.750(i)(2)(ii), at which there is no existing coating or inherent difficulties in making equitable the Agency decided to promulgate this depainting operation will be required to comparisons/calculations of actual change by designating the proposed comply with all of the applicable notice emissions from coating categories with § 63.750(i)(2)(ii) as § 63.750(i)(2)(iii). For and advance approval requirements of different limits. In order to include consistency, this change has also been § 63.5. effective emissions averaging provisions made to § 63.749 (d)(3)(iii)(B) and for different coating categories (e.g., (d)(4)(iii)(B). M. Emissions Averaging primers, topcoats, and maskants) or Under the September 1, 1995 other emission sources, the format of the O. Monitoring Requirements for Dry promulgated rule the averaging of entire rule would have to be overhauled. Particulate Filter Usage emissions was permitted to occur Such changes are now beyond the scope The Agency proposed to clarify the within coating types (i.e., topcoats, of the work involved in finalizing these monitoring requirements for owners or primers, or maskants). The EPA also amendments to the aerospace rule. operators of depainting and painting Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations 15013 operations using dry particulate filters than 50 gallons of organic HAP-containing R. Specialty Coatings and HEPA filters to comply with this chemical strippers or alternatively 365 pounds of organic HAP per military aircraft In appendix A to this subpart, the NESHAP. The EPA proposed to add EPA proposed to revise the last sentence language to § 63.751(c)(1) to clarify that depainted for spot stripping and decal removal. of the definition of adhesive bonding owners or operators are required to read primer to state: ‘‘There are two and record monitoring (i.e., pressure One commenter noted an apparent categories of adhesive bonding primers: drop) data only once per shift. error in the proposed revision of primers with a design cure at 250°F or One commenter requested that the Equation 20 and provided corrected below and primers with a design cure phrase ‘‘continuously monitor’’ in definitions for the revised terms in the above 250°F.’’ This revision is a § 63.745(g)(2)(v) be changed to ‘‘monitor corrected equation. The EPA has clarification that was omitted in the once per shift’’ to avoid confusion with incorporated those corrections in the final rule. the Agency’s clarification of monitoring final rule, as well as provided both Two commenters suggested that the requirements in other sections of the equations to calculate the average specialty coating definitions be final rule. Past experience with such annual volume of organic HAP- reviewed and one of the commenters control systems indicates that reading containing chemical stripper (Equation further suggested that the following the designated operating parameter once 20) or average annual weight of organic specialty coating categories be added: per shift is sufficient for this system to HAP (newly designated Equation 21) be considered continuously monitored. used for spot stripping and decal Bearing coating—a coating applied to an The Agency believes that the systems antifriction bearing, a bearing housing, or the removal. area adjacent to such a bearing in order to should be continuously monitored by Accordingly, the EPA has also revised facilitate bearing function or to protect base some mechanism, but that reading and Equation 21 in § 63.750(j)(3) as follows: material from excessive wear. A material recording the data should be required shall not be classified as a bearing coating if only once per shift. Therefore, the EPA n   m  it can also be classified as a dry lubricative has changed the cited text in § 63.745 ∑VDWsi hi∑ hi  material or a solid film lubricant.    Dry lubricative material—a coating (g)(2)(iv)(C) and (g)(2)(v) to match = i=1 i=1 monitoring requirements in other C Eq. 21 consisting of lauric acid, cetyl alcohol, A waxes, or other non-cross linked or resin- sections of the final rule. Where: bound materials which acts as a dry P. Depainting Operations C=annual average weight (lb per lubricant. Caulking and smoothing compounds— Based on numerous comments on the aircraft) of organic HAP (chemical semi-solid materials which are applied by depainting operation standard, the EPA stripper) used for spot stripping and hand application methods and are used to proposed a clarification to § 63.746. The decal removal. aerodynamically smooth exterior vehicle promulgated standard was presented in m=number of organic HAP contained in surfaces or fill cavities such as bolt hole terms of volume (gallons) of organic each chemical stripper, as applied. accesses. A material shall not be classified as HAP-containing chemical strippers per n=number of organic HAP-containing a caulking and smoothing compound if it can also be classified as a sealant. aircraft. Because the NESHAP is specific chemical strippers used in the to HAP, in October 1996 the EPA annual period. These coating categories have been proposed changing the units of the Whi=weight fraction (expressed as a used by the San Diego and/or South standard and stating the requirements in decimal) of each organic HAP (i) Coast (California) Air Quality terms of weight (pounds) of organic contained in the chemical stripper, Management Districts in their aerospace HAP per aircraft. The proposed standard as applied, for each aircraft coating regulations. Therefore, the was meant to be equivalent in terms of depainted. Agency has incorporated these actual HAP emissions to the atmosphere Dhi=density (lb/gal) of each organic definitions into appendix A to subpart and was based on assumptions HAP-containing chemical stripper GG (and has also incorporated the concerning typical HAP contents of (i) used in the annual period. suggested definitions and the chemical strippers. The proposed limits Vsi=volume (gal) of organic HAP- corresponding VOC limits into the final allowed greater flexibility to the owner containing chemical stripper (i) CTG document). The Agency has also or operator of a new or existing used during the annual period. deleted the definitions for conformal depainting operation in selecting A=number of aircraft for which coatings, protective oils/waxes, and materials to perform spot stripping and depainting operations began during space vehicle coatings from appendix A decal removal. the annual period. to subpart GG to be consistent with the Based on comments involving Another commenter noted a CTG. Other commenters found technical arguments both for and against typographical error in the proposed typographical errors or areas for the different units for the spot stripping revision to the spot stripping and decal clarification involving the definitions of and decal removal allowance, the EPA removal allowance in ‘‘electric or radiation-effect coating,’’ decided to include both types of units § 63.749(f)(3)(ii)(A). The Agency has ‘‘pretreatment coatings,’’ and ‘‘wet and allow operators to decide which incorporated the corrected text into the fastener installation coating’’ which units they want to use and document final amendment. have been corrected in these final their decision in their initial notification Q. Applicability of General Provisions amendments. and/or operating permit. Accordingly, S. Miscellaneous Changes the EPA is promulgating the spot The EPA proposed in October 1996 stripping and decal removal allowance the addition of Table 1: General The EPA also made a number of in § 63.746(b)(3) as follows: Provisions’ Applicability to subpart GG, minor changes to several sections of the in order to clarify the applicability of October 1996 proposal based on public Each owner or operator of a new or existing the General Provisions to this rule. comments. One commenter requested depainting operation shall not, on an annual average basis, use more than 26 gallons of Table 1 is referenced in § 63.741 and is the removal of the prohibition on use of organic-HAP containing chemical strippers located at the end of the final rule text. ozone-depleting substances from or alternatively 190 pounds of organic HAP No comments were provided on this § 63.744. The control of HAP and ozone- per commercial aircraft depainted; or more issue. depleting substances are under two 15014 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations separate programs; hence, the EPA has Recovery device means an individual unit control efficiency (≥95 percent) for new deleted the reference to ozone-depleting of equipment capable of and normally used control systems. The language has been substances in Table 1 of § 63.744. for the purpose of recovering chemicals for clarified to describe how the control Another commenter noted that the fuel value, use, or reuse. Examples of efficiencies are determined involving equipment that may be recovery devices table numbering in proposed § 63.750(o) include absorbers, carbon adsorbers, the capture and destruction or removal was incorrect. The Agency has corrected condensers, oil-water separators, or organic- efficiencies and may take into account the text to state ‘‘* * * found in Tables water separator or organic removal devices the volume of chemical stripper used 1 and 2, or 3 and 4 of § 63.745 for such as decanters, strippers, or thin-film (relative to baseline applications) and is existing and new sources respectively.’’ evaporation units. consistent with the example provided. Two commenters noted there should A dedicated solvent recovery device 8. Correction of Equation to Determine be a reference to the term ‘‘Hi’’ in refers to such control equipment (as § 63.750(k) since § 63.749(h)(3)(i) cites the Composite Vapor Pressure in described/defined above) that is specific § 63.750(b)(2) this section for the method to determine to a given process or control system. Hi. The Agency has clarified § 63.750(k) A summation sign was added in front by adding the term Hi to the stated 3. Correction of Cited Reference to Table of the second term of the denominator definition at the end of the paragraph. 1 of this Section in § 63.744(a), (b)(1), (involving ‘‘We’’) of the equation used to and (d) determine the composite vapor pressure T. Technical Corrections The numbering format for several of hand-wipe cleaning solvents. The following amendments are tables in the promulgated rule was 9. Correction of OMB Tracking Number technical corrections that were not part erroneous and confusing. The table of the October 29, 1996 proposal. These reference in § 63.744(a),(b)(1), and (d) In compliance with the Paperwork changes are being made as part of has been corrected to read: ‘‘Table 1 of Reduction Act (PRA), this technical today’s action as a matter of efficiency this section.’’ correction amends the table that lists the in rulemaking. Furthermore, these Office of Management and Budget changes are noncontroversial and do not 4. Clarification of Requirements in (OMB) control numbers issued under substantively change the requirements § 63.744(c) the PRA for this final rule. of the rule. By promulgating these Several questions have been raised The EPA is today amending the table technical corrections directly as a final related to spray gun cleaning using in 40 CFR part 9 (Section 9.1) of rule, the EPA is foregoing an water as the cleaning solvent. Language currently approved information opportunity for public comment on a was added to the introductory text at the collection request (ICR) control numbers notice of proposed rulemaking. Section end of § 63.744(c) stating that spray gun issued by OMB for various regulations. 553(b) of title V of the United States cleaning operations using cleaning The affected regulations are codified at Code and section 307(b) of the CAA solvent solutions that contain HAP and 40 CFR part 63 subpart GG, sections permit an agency to forego notice and VOC below the de minimis levels 63.752 and 63.753 (recordkeeping and comment when ‘‘the agency for good specified in § 63.741(f) are exempt from reporting requirements, respectively). cause finds (and incorporates the the subsequent requirements in The correct OMB control (tracking) finding and a brief statement of reasons paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(4). number for this final rule is 2060–0314. therefore in the rules issued) that notice This ICR was previously subject to and public procedure thereon are 5. Clarifications to § 63.745(e) and (f) public notice and comment prior to impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary All references to topcoat(s) or topcoat OMB approval. As a result, EPA finds to the public interest.’’ The EPA finds application operations include self- that there is ‘‘good cause’’ under section that notice and comment regarding priming topcoats. The parenthetical 553(b)(B) of the Administrative these technical corrections are phrase ‘‘(including self-priming Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B)) to unnecessary due to their topcoats)’’ was added to all applicable amend this table without prior notice noncontroversial nature and because paragraphs in § 63.745 (e) and (f) for and comment. Due to the technical they do not change the requirements of clarification and consistency with nature of the table, further notice and the final rule. The EPA finds that this § 63.745(c)(3) and (c)(4). In comment would be unnecessary. constitutes good cause under 5 U.S.C. § 63.745(f)(1), the reference to III. Control Techniques Guideline § 553(b) for a determination that the application techniques specified in issuance of a notice of proposed paragraphs (f)(1)(i) through (f)(1)(viii) Today’s action includes the final rulemaking is unnecessary. has been corrected to read ‘‘(f)(1)(i) issuance of the control techniques through (f)(1)(ix).’’ guideline(CTG) whose availability in 1. Clarification of the Definition of draft form was announced in the Coating 6. Clarification to § 63.746(a) Federal Register on October 29, 1996 The word ‘‘protective’’ was added to The words ‘‘or rework’’ were added to (61 FR 55842). There were several the definition of ‘‘coating’’ in § 63.742 to the last sentence in § 63.746(a) to clarify comments involving the draft CTG be consistent with other surface coating that all aerospace facilities submitted with other comments on the regulations and CTG’s. (manufacturing or rework) that depaint proposed NESHAP amendments. Most six or less completed aerospace vehicles of those comments involved specialty 2. Addition of the Definition of in a calendar year are exempt from this coating category definitions and their Recovery Device section. associated VOC limits. One commenter Two commenters requested that the who suggested adding three new coating term ‘‘dedicated solvent recovery 7. Clarification of Language in category definitions (discussed device’’ be defined in the rule so that § 63.746(c)(1) previously in section Q) also raised proper test procedures may be followed. The wording in § 63.746(c)(1) was several other concerns involving the The Agency has included the following changed to three separate paragraphs proposed definitions and/or associated definition for ‘‘recovery device’’ in (paragraphs (c) (2) and (3) were added) limits for clear coatings, lacquers, and § 63.742 which is based on the to clarify the procedures to be used in specialized function coatings. Since the definition from the HON: determining compliance with the specialty coating limits are meant to Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations 15015 reflect baseline levels nationwide, and operations involve the use of organic (EPA ICR No. 1687.03). A copy of the will have no significant impact on solvents and are sources of VOC Information Collection Request (ICR) emission reductions, the EPA has emissions. The sources, mechanisms, may be obtained from Sandy Farmer, decided to maintain the proposed and control of these VOC emissions are Regulatory Information Division; EPA; definitions and associated limits for described in the CTG. 401 M Street, S.W., (Mail Code 2137); these coating categories. The coating category VOC limits, Washington, D.C. 20460 or by calling Under the Clean Air Act, as amended application techniques, and equipment (202) 260–2740. in 1990 (the ‘‘Act’’), State requirements identified as RACT in the Burden means the total time, effort, or implementation plans (SIP’s) for ozone CTG were assumed to represent RACT financial resources expended by person nonattainment areas (except marginal requirements 1 year after the major to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose areas) must be revised to require sources have met the NESHAP (MACT) or provide information to or for a reasonably available control technology requirements, and therefore, will be Federal agency. This includes the time (RACT) for sources for which the EPA effective on September 1, 1999. (The needed to review instructions; develop, publishes a CTG between November 15, NESHAP compliance date for existing acquire, install, and utilize technology 1990 and the date an area achieves sources is September 1, 1998). The EPA and systems for the purposes of attainment status (the Act, § 182(b)(2), estimates that State and local collecting, validating, and verifying (c), (d), (e)). The EPA has defined RACT regulations developed pursuant to this information, processing and as ‘‘the lowest emission limitation that CTG will affect about 2,869 facilities. maintaining information, and disclosing a particular source is capable of meeting Since the only new requirements in the and providing information; adjust the by the application of control technology CTG (requirements that are not included existing ways to comply with any that is reasonably available considering in the NESHAP) concern sealants, previously applicable instructions and technological and economic feasibility’’ adhesives, and specialty coatings, which requirements; train personnel to be able (44 FR 53761, 53762, September 17, represent only about 3 percent of all to respond to a collection of 1979). VOC emissions from aerospace information; search data searches; The CTG’s review current knowledge operations, the additional costs and complete and review the collection of and data concerning the technology and emission reductions resulting from the information; and transmit or otherwise costs of various emissions control CTG will be negligible. Further disclose the information. techniques. The CTG’s are intended to information on costs is presented in the An Agency may not conduct or provide State and local air pollution CTG document and in the July 1995 BID sponsor, and a person is not required to authorities with an information base for on the NESHAP for Aerospace respond to, a collection of information proceeding with their own analyses of Manufacturing and Rework Facilities. unless it displays a currently valid OMB RACT to meet statutory requirements. control number. The OMB control Each CTG contains a ‘‘presumptive IV. Administrative Requirements numbers for EPA’s regulation are listed norm’’ for RACT for a specific source A. Docket in 40 CFR Part 9 and 48 CFR Chapter category, based on the EPA’s evaluation 15. of the capabilities and problems general The docket is an organized and Today’s amendments should have no to the category. Where applicable, the complete file of all of the information impact on the information collection EPA recommends that States adopt submitted to or otherwise considered by burden estimates made previously. requirements consistent with the the EPA in the development of this Today’s action does not impose any presumptive norm. However, the rulemaking. The docket is a dynamic additional information collection presumptive norm is only a file, since material is added throughout requirements. The reduced recommendation. States may choose to the rulemaking development. The recordkeeping associated with cleaning develop their own RACT requirements docketing system is intended to allow solvents used for nonaerospace on a case-by-case basis, considering the members of the public and the involved manufacturing/rework activities emission reductions needed to achieve industries to readily identify and locate represents a 6 percent reduction in the the national ambient air quality documents so that they can effectively burden estimated for the final rule. standards and the economic and participate in the rulemaking process. Consequently, the ICR has not been technical circumstances of the Along with the statement of basis and revised for purposes of today’s action. individual source. purpose of the proposed and C. Executive Order 12866 This CTG is issued pursuant to Clean promulgated standards and the EPA Air Act § 183(b)(3), which requires responses to significant comments, the Under Executive Order (E.O.) 12866 issuance of a CTG to reduce VOC content of the docket will serve as the (58 FR 51735 [October 4, 1993]), the emissions from aerospace coatings and record in case of judicial review (except EPA is required to determine whether a solvents. It addresses RACT for control for interagency review materials) regulation is ‘‘significant’’ and therefore of VOC emissions from aerospace (section 307(d)(7)(A) of the Act). subject to OMB review and the manufacturing and rework facilities. requirements of this E.O. to prepare a Volatile organic compound emissions B. Paperwork Reduction Act regulatory impact analysis (RIA). The from primer, topcoat, and ‘‘specialty’’ The amendments do not impose any E.O. defines ‘‘significant regulatory coating applications, maskant new information collection action’’ as one that is likely to result in applications, sealing, adhesives, and requirements and result in no change to a rule that may (1) have an annual effect cleaning operations are addressed. the currently approved collection. The on the economy of $100 million or Emission limits for processes also Office of Management and Budget more, or adversely affect in a material addressed in the NESHAP are identical (OMB) has approved the information way the economy, a sector of the to the NESHAP limits. Those revisions collection requirements contained in the economy, productivity, competition, to the NESHAP amendments described NESHAP for aerospace manufacturing jobs, the environment, public health or in this preamble and relevant to the and rework facilities under the safety, or State, local, or Tribal CTG have been incorporated into the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction governments or communities; (2) create final CTG document. Many of the steps Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., and has a serious inconsistency or otherwise in aerospace manufacturing and rework assigned OMB control No. 2060–0314. interfere with an action taken or 15016 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations planned by another agency; (3) (‘‘Unfunded Mandates Act’’) (signed Authority: 7 U.S.C. 135 et seq., 136–136y; materially alter the budgetary impact of into law on March 22, 1995) requires 15 U.S.C. 2001, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2601–2671; entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan that the Agency prepare a budgetary 21 U.S.C. 331j, 346a, 348; 31 U.S.C. 9701; 33 programs or the rights and obligations of impact statement before promulgating a U.S.C. 1251 et seq., 1311, 1313d, 1314, 1318, recipients thereof; or (4) raise novel 1321, 1326, 1330, 1342, 1344, 1345 (d) and rule that includes a Federal mandate (e), 1361; E.O. 11735, 38 FR 21243, 3 CFR, legal or policy issues arising out of legal that may result in expenditure by State, 1971–1975 Comp. p. 973; 42 U.S.C. 241, mandates, the President’s priorities, or local, and Tribal governments, in 242b, 243, 246, 300f, 300g, 300g–1, 300g–2, the principles set forth in the E.O. aggregate, or by the private sector, of 300g–3, 300g–4, 300g–5, 300g–6, 300j–1, Pursuant to the terms of Executive $100 million or more in any 1 year. 300j–2, 300j–3, 300j–4, 300j–9 1857 et seq., Order 12866, it has been determined Section 203 requires the Agency to 6901–6992k, 7401–7671g, 7542, 9601–9657, that this action is not a ‘‘significant establish a plan for obtaining input from 11023, 11048. regulatory action’’ within the meaning and informing, educating, and advising 2. In § 9.1 the table is amended by of the E.O. any small governments that may be revising the entry ‘‘63.752–63.753’’ to Under E.O. 12866, the final CTG significantly or uniquely affected by a read as follows: document for aerospace manufacturing proposed intergovernmental mandate. and rework facilities is not considered Section 204 requires the Agency to § 9.1 OMB approvals under the Paperwork a ‘‘regulatory action,’’ defined as ‘‘any develop a process to allow elected state, Reduction Act. substantive action by an local, and Tribal government officials to * * * * * agency * * * that promulgates or is provide input in the development of any expected to lead to the promulgation of proposal containing a significant 40 CFR citation OMB con- a final rule or regulation.’’ This CTG Federal intergovernmental mandate. trol No. document is not a regulatory action by Under section 205 of the Unfunded EPA, rather it provides information to Mandates Act, the Agency must identify ***** States to aid them in developing rules. and consider a reasonable number of National Emission Standards for Hazard- D. Regulatory Flexibility Act regulatory alternatives before ous Air Pollutants for Source Categories promulgating a rule for which a The EPA has determined that it is not budgetary impact statement must be ***** necessary to prepare a regulatory prepared. The Agency must select from 63.752±63.753 ...... 2060±0314 flexibility analysis in connection with those alternatives the least costly, most ***** this final rule. The EPA has also cost-effective, or least burdensome determined that this rule will not have alternative that achieves the objectives a significant impact on a substantial of the rule, unless the Agency explains PART 63Ð[AMENDED] number of small entities. This final rule why this alternative is not selected or 3. The authority citation for part 63 makes minor amendments to the the selection of this alternative is continues to read as follows: Aerospace NESHAP, including changes inconsistent with law. The EPA has to definitions, applicability provisions, determined that these amendments do Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq. and several minor changes to the not include a Federal mandate that may standards (emission limits) and the result in expenditure by State, local, and Subpart GGÐ[Amended] monitoring, recordkeeping, and Tribal governments, in aggregate, or by reporting requirements. In addition, this 4. Section 63.741 is amended by the private sector, of $100 million or revising paragraph (b), paragraph (c) notice includes a standard for Type I more in any 1 year. Small governments chemical milling maskants and a test introductory text, paragraphs (c)(2), will not be uniquely impacted by these (c)(3), (c)(4), and the last three sentences method for determining filtration amendments. Therefore, the efficiency of dry particulate filters. The of paragraph (f); and adding paragraphs requirements of the Unfunded Mandates (c)(7), (h), (i), and (j) to read as follows: overall impact of these amendments is Act do not apply to this action. a net decrease in requirements on all § 63.741 Applicability and designation of entities affected by this rule, including List of Subjects affected sources. small entities. Therefore these 40 CFR Part 9 * * * * * amendments will not have a significant (b) The owner or operator of an economic impact on a substantial Environmental protection, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. affected source shall comply with the number of small entities. requirements of this subpart and of E. Submission to Congress 40 CFR Part 63 subpart A of this part, except as Under 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A) as added Environmental protection, Air specified in § 63.743(a) and Table 1 of by the Small Business Regulatory pollution control, Hazardous this subpart. Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, EPA substances, Reporting and (c) Affected sources. The affected submitted a report containing this rule recordkeeping requirements. sources to which the provisions of this subpart apply are specified in and other required information to the Dated: March 10, 1998. U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of paragraphs (c)(1) through (7) of this Carol M. Browner, section. The activities subject to this Representatives, and the Comptroller Administrator. General of the General Accounting subpart are limited to the manufacture For reasons set out in the preamble, or rework of aerospace vehicles or Office prior to publication of the rule in parts 9 and 63 of title 40, chapter I, of today’s Federal Register. This rule is components as defined in this subpart. the Code of Federal Regulations are Where a dispute arises relating to the not a ‘‘major rule’’ as defined by 5 amended as follows: U.S.C. 804(2). applicability of this subpart to a specific activity, the owner or operator shall F. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act PART 9Ð[AMENDED] demonstrate whether or not the activity Section 202 of the Unfunded 1. The authority citation for part 9 is regulated under this subpart. Mandates Reform Act of 1995 continues to read as follows: * * * * * Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations 15017

(2) For organic HAP or VOC 5. Section 63.742 is amended by removes permanent coating in small emissions, each primer application revising the definitions for ‘‘aircraft sections at a time and maintains a operation, which is the total of all transparency,’’ ‘‘chemical milling continuous vacuum around the area(s) primer applications at the facility. maskant,’’ ‘‘chemical milling maskant being depainted to capture emissions. (3) For organic HAP or VOC application operation,’’ ‘‘cleaning Coating means a material that is emissions, each topcoat application solvent,’’ ‘‘coating,’’ ‘‘high volume low applied to the surface of an aerospace operation, which is the total of all pressure (HVLP) spray equipment,’’ and vehicle or component to form a topcoat applications at the facility. ‘‘specialty coating’’; by removing the decorative, protective, or functional (4) For organic HAP or VOC parenthetical text from the end of the solid film, or the solid film itself. emissions, each depainting operation, definition of ‘‘Type II etchant’’; by * * * * * which is the total of all depainting at the removing the last sentence from the High volume low pressure (HVLP) facility. definition of ‘‘self-priming topcoat’’; and spray equipment means spray * * * * * by adding in alphabetical order equipment that is used to apply coating (7) For inorganic HAP emissions, each definitions for ‘‘antique aerospace by means of a spray gun that operates spray booth or hangar that contains a vehicle or component,’’ ‘‘closed-cycle at 10.0 psig of atomizing air pressure or primer or topcoat application operation depainting system,’’ ‘‘recovery device,’’ less at the air cap. subject to § 63.745(g) or a depainting ‘‘Type I etchant,’’ and ‘‘waterborne * * * * * operation subject to § 63.746(b)(4). (water-reducible) coating’’ to read as Recovery device means an individual * * * * * follows: unit of equipment capable of and normally used for the purpose of (f) * * * These requirements also do § 63.742 Definitions. not apply to parts and assemblies not recovering chemicals for fuel value, use, critical to the vehicle’s structural * * * * * or reuse. Examples of equipment that integrity or flight performance. The Aircraft transparency means the may be recovery devices include requirements of this subpart also do not aircraft windshield, canopy, passenger absorbers, carbon adsorbers, condensers, apply to primers, topcoats, chemical windows, lenses, and other components oil-water separators, or organic-water milling maskants, strippers, and which are constructed of transparent separators or organic removal devices cleaning solvents containing HAP and materials. such as decanters, strippers, or thin-film VOC at concentrations less than 0.1 Antique aerospace vehicle or evaporation units. component means an aircraft or percent for carcinogens or 1.0 percent * * * * * for noncarcinogens, as determined from component thereof that was built at Specialty coating means a coating manufacturer’s representations. least 30 years ago. An antique aerospace that, even though it meets the definition Additional specific exemptions from vehicle would not routinely be in of a primer, topcoat, or self-priming regulatory coverage are set forth in commercial or military service in the topcoat, has additional performance paragraphs (e), (g), (h), (i) and (j) of this capacity for which it was designed. criteria beyond those of primers, section and §§ 63.742, 63.744(a)(1), (b), * * * * * topcoats, and self-priming topcoats for (e), 63.745(a), (f)(3), (g)(4), 63.746(a), Chemical milling maskant means a specific applications. These (b)(5), 63.747(c)(3), and 63.749(d). coating that is applied directly to performance criteria may include, but * * * * * aluminum components to protect are not limited to, temperature or fire (h) Regulated activities associated surface areas when chemical milling the resistance, substrate compatibility, with space vehicles designed to travel component with a Type I or Type II antireflection, temporary protection or beyond the limit of the earth’s etchant. Type I chemical milling marking, sealing, adhesively joining atmosphere, including but not limited to maskants are used with a Type I etchant substrates, or enhanced corrosion satellites, space stations, and the Space and Type II chemical milling maskants protection. Individual specialty coatings Shuttle System (including orbiter, are used with a Type II etchant. This are defined in appendix A to this external tanks, and solid rocket definition does not include bonding subpart and in the CTG for Aerospace boosters), are exempt from the maskants, critical use and line sealer Manufacturing and Rework Operations requirements of this subpart, except for maskants, and seal coat maskants. (EPA 453/R–97–004). depainting operations found in § 63.746. Additionally, maskants that must be * * * * * (i) Any waterborne coating for which used with a combination of Type I or II Type I etchant means a chemical the manufacturer’s supplied data etchants and any of the above types of milling etchant that contains varying demonstrate that organic HAP and VOC maskants (i.e., bonding, critical use and amounts of dissolved sulfur and does contents are less than or equal to the line sealer, and seal coat) are also not contain amines. exempt from this subpart. (See also organic HAP and VOC content limits for * * * * * its coating type, as specified in Type I and Type II etchant definitions.) Waterborne (water-reducible) coating §§ 63.745(c) and 63.747(c), is exempt Chemical milling maskant application means any coating that contains more from the following requirements of this operation means application of than 5 percent water by weight as subpart: §§ 63.745(d)–(e), 63.747(d)–(e), chemical milling maskant for use with applied in its volatile fraction. 63.749(d) and (h), 63.750(c)–(h) and (k)– Type I or Type II chemical milling etchants. * * * * * (m), 63.752(c) and (f), and 63.753(c) and 6. Section 63.743 is amended by (e). A facility shall maintain the * * * * * revising paragraphs (a) introductory manufacturer’s supplied data and Cleaning solvent means a liquid text, (b) introductory text, and (c), and annual purchase records for each material used for hand-wipe, spray gun, by adding paragraphs (a)(10) and (d) to exempt waterborne coating readily or flush cleaning. This definition does read as follows: available for inspection and review and not include solutions that contain HAP shall retain these data for 5 years. and VOC below the de minimis levels § 63.743 Standards: General. (j) This subpart does not apply to specified in § 63.741(f). (a) Except as provided in paragraphs rework operations performed on antique Closed-cycle depainting system means (a)(4) through (a)(10) of this section and aerospace vehicles or components. a dust-free, automated process that in Table 1 of this subpart, each owner 15018 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations or operator of an affected source subject (d) Instead of complying with the (1) Place cleaning solvent-laden cloth, to this subpart is also subject to the individual coating limits in §§ 63.745 paper, or any other absorbent following sections of subpart A of this and 63.747, a facility may choose to applicators used for cleaning in bags or part: comply with the averaging provisions other closed containers upon * * * * * specified in paragraphs (d)(1) through completing their use. Ensure that these (d)(6) of this section. bags and containers are kept closed at (10) For the purposes of compliance (1) Each owner or operator of a new all times except when depositing or with the requirements of § 63.5(b)(4) of or existing source shall use any removing these materials from the the General Provisions and this subpart, combination of primers, topcoats container. Use bags and containers of owners or operators of existing primer (including self-priming topcoats), Type I such design so as to contain the vapors or topcoat application operations and chemical milling maskants, or Type II of the cleaning solvent. Cotton-tipped depainting operations who construct or chemical milling maskants such that the swabs used for very small cleaning reconstruct a spray booth or hangar that monthly volume-weighted average operations are exempt from this does not have the potential to emit 10 organic HAP and VOC contents of the requirement. tons/yr or more of an individual combination of primers, topcoats, Type (2) Store fresh and spent cleaning inorganic HAP or 25 tons/yr or more of I chemical milling maskants, or Type II solvents, except semi-aqueous solvent all inorganic HAP combined shall only chemical milling maskants, as cleaners, used in aerospace cleaning be required to notify the Administrator determined in accordance with the operations in closed containers. of such construction or reconstruction applicable procedures set forth in on an annual basis. Notification shall be * * * * * § 63.750, complies with the specified (b) Hand-wipe cleaning. Each owner submitted on or before March 1 of each content limits in §§ 63.745(c) and year and shall include the information or operator of a new or existing hand- 63.747(c), unless the permitting agency wipe cleaning operation (excluding required in § 63.5(b)(4) for each such specifies a shorter averaging period as spray booth or hangar constructed or cleaning of spray gun equipment part of an ambient ozone control performed in accordance with reconstructed during the prior calendar program. year, except that such information shall paragraph (c) of this section) subject to (2) Averaging is allowed only for this subpart shall use cleaning solvents be limited to inorganic HAP’s. No uncontrolled primers, topcoats advance notification or written approval that meet one of the requirements (including self-priming topcoats), Type I specified in paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), from the Administrator pursuant to chemical milling maskants, or Type II § 63.5(b)(3) shall be required for the and (b)(3) of this section. Cleaning chemical milling maskants. solvent solutions that contain HAP and construction or reconstruction of such a (3) Averaging is not allowed between spray booth or hangar unless the booth VOC below the de minimis levels primers and topcoats (including self- specified in § 63.741(f) are exempt from or hangar has the potential to emit 10 priming topcoats). tons/yr or more of an individual the requirements in paragraphs (b)(1), (4) Averaging is not allowed between (b)(2), and (b)(3) of this section. inorganic HAP or 25 tons/yr or more of Type I and Type II chemical milling all inorganic HAP combined. (1) Meet one of the composition maskants. requirements in Table 1 of this section; (b) Startup, shutdown, and (5) Averaging is not allowed between * * * * * malfunction plan. Each owner or primers and chemical milling maskants, (c) * * * Spray gun cleaning operator that uses an air pollution or between topcoats and chemical operations using cleaning solvent control device or equipment to control milling maskants. solutions that contain HAP and VOC HAP emissions shall prepare and (6) Each averaging scheme shall be below the de minimis levels specified in operate in accordance with a startup, approved in advance by the permitting § 63.741(f) are exempt from the shutdown, and malfunction plan in agency and adopted as part of the requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) accordance with § 63.6. Dry particulate facility’s title V permit. 7. Section 63.744 is amended by through (c)(4) of this section. filter systems operated per the (1) * * * manufacturer’s instructions are exempt revising the text of paragraph (a) introductory text, and paragraphs (a)(1), (ii) If leaks are found during the from a startup, shutdown, and monthly inspection required in malfunction plan. A startup, shutdown, (a)(2), (b) introductory text, (b)(1), (c)(1)(ii), (c)(2), (c)(4), (d), (e)(1), (e)(2), § 63.751(a), repairs shall be made as and malfunction plan shall be prepared soon as practicable, but no later than 15 for facilities using locally prepared (e)(9), (e)(10), and (e)(11) and by removing the period at the end of days after the leak was found. If the leak operating procedures. In addition to the is not repaired by the 15th day after information required in § 63.6, this plan paragraph (e)(12) and replacing it with ‘‘; and’’; by adding a sentence to (6) detection, the cleaning solvent shall be shall also include the following removed, and the enclosed cleaner shall provisions: introductory text, and paragraph (e)(13); and by redesignating Table 3 as Table 1 be shut down until the leak is repaired * * * * * and revising it and transferring it from or its use is permanently discontinued. (c) An owner or operator who uses an paragraph (a) to the end of this section (2) Nonatomized cleaning. Clean the air pollution control device or as follows: spray gun by placing cleaning solvent in equipment not listed in this subpart the pressure pot and forcing it through shall submit a description of the device § 63.744 Standards: Cleaning operations. the gun with the atomizing cap in place. or equipment, test data verifying the (a) Housekeeping measures. Each No atomizing air is to be used. Direct performance of the device or equipment owner or operator of a new or existing the cleaning solvent from the spray gun in controlling organic HAP and/or VOC cleaning operation subject to this into a vat, drum, or other waste emissions, as appropriate, and specific subpart shall comply with the container that is closed when not in use. operating parameters that will be requirements in these paragraphs unless * * * * * monitored to establish compliance with the cleaning solvent used is identified (4) Atomizing cleaning. Clean the the standards to the Administrator for in Table 1 of this section or contains spray gun by forcing the cleaning approval not later than 120 days prior HAP and VOC below the de minimis solvent through the gun and direct the to the compliance date. levels specified in § 63.741(f). resulting atomized spray into a waste Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations 15019 container that is fitted with a device (1) Cleaning during the manufacture, cores, and cleaning of the completed designed to capture the atomized assembly, installation, maintenance, or cores used in the manufacture of cleaning solvent emissions. testing of components of breathing aerospace vehicles or components; (d) Flush cleaning. Each owner or oxygen systems that are exposed to the (10) Cleaning of aircraft operator of a flush cleaning operation breathing oxygen; transparencies, polycarbonate, or glass subject to this subpart (excluding those (2) Cleaning during the manufacture, substrates; in which Table 1 or semi-aqueous assembly, installation, maintenance, or (11) Cleaning and cleaning solvent cleaning solvents are used) shall empty testing of parts, subassemblies, or usage associated with research and the used cleaning solvent each time assemblies that are exposed to strong development, quality control, and aerospace parts or assemblies, or oxidizers or reducers (e.g., nitrogen laboratory testing; components of a coating unit (with the tetroxide, liquid oxygen, or hydrazine); exception of spray guns) are flush * * * * * cleaned into an enclosed container or * * * * * (13) Cleaning operations identified as collection system that is kept closed (9) Cleaning of metallic and essential uses under the Montreal when not in use or into a system with nonmetallic materials used in Protocol for which the Administrator equivalent emission control. honeycomb cores during the has allocated essential use allowances (e) * * * manufacture or maintenance of these or exemptions in 40 CFR 82.4.

Cleaning solvent type Composition requirements

Aqueous ...... Cleaning solvents in which water is the primary ingredient (≥80 percent of cleaning solvent so- lution as applied must be water). Detergents, surfactants, and bioenzyme mixtures and nu- trients may be combined with the water along with a variety of additives, such as organic solvents (e.g., high boiling point alcohols), builders, saponifiers, inhibitors, emulsifiers, pH buffers, and antifoaming agents. Aqueous solutions must have a flash point greater than 93 °C (200 °F) (as reported by the manufacturer), and the solution must be miscible with water. Hydrocarbon-based ...... Cleaners that are composed of photochemically reactive hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydro- carbons and have a maximum vapor pressure of 7 mm Hg at 20 °C (3.75 in. H2O at 68 °F). These cleaners also contain no HAP.

8. Section 63.745 is amended by (1) All primers and topcoats TABLE 1.ÐTWO-STAGE ARRESTOR; revising paragraphs (e)(1), (e)(2), (f) (including self-priming topcoats) shall LIQUID PHASE CHALLENGE FOR EX- introductory text, (f)(1) introductory be applied using one or more of the ISTING SOURCES text, the first sentence of (f)(2), (g)(2)(i), application techniques specified in (g)(2)(ii), and (g)(2)(iii); removing paragraphs (f)(1)(i) through (f)(1)(ix) of Aero- paragraph (g)(2)(iv); redesignating this section. * ** dynamic paragraphs (g)(2)(v) and (g)(2)(vi) as Filtration efficiency requirement, particle * * * * * % size (g)(2)(iv) and (g)(2)(v), respectively; range, revising the newly designated (2) All application devices used to µm paragraphs (g)(2)(iv) and (g)(2)(v); apply primers or topcoats (including removing the word ‘‘and’’ at the end of self-priming topcoats) shall be operated >90 ...... >5.7 paragraph (g)(4)(viii); revising the according to company procedures, local >50 ...... >4.1 punctuation ‘‘.’’ at the end of paragraph specified operating procedures, and/or >10 ...... >2.2 (g)(4)(ix) to read ‘‘; and’’; and adding the manufacturer’s specifications, paragraph (g)(4)(x) to read as follows: whichever is most stringent, at alltimes. TABLE 2.ÐTWO-STAGE ARRESTOR; *** § 63.745 Standards: Primer and topcoat SOLID PHASE CHALLENGE FOR EX- application operations. * * * * * ISTING SOURCES * * * * * (g) * * * (e) * * * Aero- (2) * * * dynamic (1) Use primers and topcoats Filtration efficiency requirement, particle (including self-priming topcoats) with (i) For existing sources, the owner or % size HAP and VOC content levels equal to or operator must choose one of the range, less than the limits specified in following: µm paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(4) of this (A) Before exhausting it to the >90 ...... >8.1 section; or atmosphere, pass the air stream through (2) Use the averaging provisions >50 ...... >5.0 a dry particulate filter system certified >10 ...... >2.6 described in § 63.743(d). using the methods described in (f) Application equipment. Except as § 63.750(o) to meet or exceed the provided in paragraph (f)(3) of this (B) Before exhausting it to the section, each owner or operator of a new efficiency data points in Tables 1 and 2 atmosphere, pass the air stream through or existing primer or topcoat (including of this section; or a waterwash system that shall remain in self-priming topcoat) application operation during all coating application operation subject to this subpart in operations; or which any of the coatings contain (C) Before exhausting it to the organic HAP or VOC shall comply with atmosphere, pass the air stream through the requirements specified in an air pollution control system that paragraphs (f)(1) and (f)(2) of this meets or exceeds the efficiency data section. points in Tables 1 and 2 of this section 15020 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations and is approved by the permitting (B) Install a differential pressure of § 63.745, through a baghouse, or authority. gauge across the filter banks; through a waterwash system before (ii) For new sources, either: (C) Continuously monitor the pressure exhausting it to the atmosphere. (A) Before exhausting it to the drop across the filter and read and (B) For new sources pass any air atmosphere, pass the air stream through record the pressure drop once per shift; stream removed from the enclosed area a dry particulate filter system certified and or closed-cycle depainting system using the methods described in (D) Take corrective action when the through a dry particulate filter system § 63.750(o) to meet or exceed the pressure drop exceeds or falls below the certified using the method described in efficiency data points in Tables 3 and 4 filter manufacturer’s recommended § 63.750(o) to meet or exceed the of this section; or limit(s). efficiency data points in Tables 3 and 4 (v) If a waterwash system is used, of § 63.745 or through a baghouse before TABLE 3.ÐTHREE-STAGE ARRESTOR; continuously monitor the water flow exhausting it to the atmosphere. LIQUID PHASE CHALLENGE FOR NEW rate and read and record the water flow (iii) * * * SOURCES rate once per shift. (C) Continuously monitor the pressure * * * * * drop across the filter, and read and Aero- (4) * * * record the pressure drop once per shift; dynamic and Filtration efficiency requirement, particle (x) The use of hand-held spray can % size application methods. * * * * * range, 9. Section 63.746 is amended by (iv) If a waterwash system is used, µm revising the last sentence of paragraph continuously monitor the water flow (a) introductory text, (b)(1), (b)(3), rate, and read and record the water flow >95 ...... >2.0 >80 ...... >1.0 (b)(4)(i), (b)(4)(ii), (b)(4)(iii)(C), (b)(4)(iv), rate once per shift. >65 ...... >0.42 the second sentence of paragraph (v) * * * If the water path in the (b)(4)(v), and (c)(1); and adding waterwash system fails the visual paragraphs (c)(2) and (c)(3) to read as continuity/flow characteristics check, as TABLE 4.ÐTHREE-STAGE ARRESTOR; follows: recorded pursuant to § 63.752(e)(7), or SOLID PHASE CHALLENGE FOR NEW the water flow rate, as recorded § 63.746 Standards: Depainting OURCES pursuant to § 63.752(d)(2), exceeds the S operations. limit(s) specified by the booth Aero- (a) * * * This section does not apply manufacturer or in locally prepared dynamic to an aerospace manufacturing or operating procedures, or the booth Filtration efficiency requirement, particle rework facility that depaints six or less manufacturer’s or locally prepared % size completed aerospace vehicles in a range, maintenance procedures for the filter or µm calendar year. waterwash system have not been * * * * * performed as scheduled, shut down the >95 ...... >2.5 (b)(1) HAP emissions—non-HAP operation immediately and take >85 ...... >1.1 chemical strippers and technologies. corrective action. * ** >75 ...... >0.70 Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(2) * * * * * and (b)(3) of this section, each owner or (B) Before exhausting it to the (c) * * * operator of a new or existing aerospace atmosphere, pass the air stream through (1) All organic HAP emissions from depainting operation subject to this an air pollution control system that the operation shall be reduced by the subpart shall emit no organic HAP from meets or exceeds the efficiency data use of a control system. Each control chemical stripping formulations and points in Tables 3 and 4 of this section system that was installed before the agents or chemical paint softeners. and is approved by the permitting effective date shall reduce the authority. * * * * * operations’ organic HAP emissions to (iii) Owners or operators of new (3) Each owner or operator of a new the atmosphere by 81 percent or greater, sources that have commenced or existing depainting operation shall taking into account capture and construction or reconstruction after June not, on an annual average basis, use destruction or removal efficiencies. 6, 1994 but prior to October 29, 1996 more than 26 gallons of organic HAP- (2) Each control system installed on or may comply with the following containing chemical strippers or after the effective date shall reduce requirements in lieu of the requirements alternatively 190 pounds of organic organic HAP emissions to the in paragraph (g)(2)(ii) of this section: HAP per commercial aircraft depainted; atmosphere by 95 percent or greater. (A) Pass the air stream through either or more than 50 gallons of organic HAP- Reduction shall take into account a two-stage dry particulate filter system containing chemical strippers or capture and destruction or removal or a waterwash system before alternatively 365 pounds of organic efficiencies, and may take into account exhausting it to the atmosphere. HAP per military aircraft depainted for the volume of chemical stripper used (B) If the primer or topcoat contains spot stripping and decal removal. relative to baseline levels (e.g., the 95 chromium or cadmium, control shall (4) * * * percent efficiency may be achieved by consist of a HEPA filter system, three- (i) Perform the depainting operation controlling emissions at 81 percent stage filter system, or other control in an enclosed area, unless a closed- efficiency with a control system and system equivalent to the three stage cycle depainting system is used. using 74 percent less stripper than in filter system as approved by the (ii)(A) For existing sources pass any baseline applications). The baseline permitting agency. air stream removed from the enclosed shall be calculated using data from 1996 (iv) If a dry particulate filter system is area or closed-cycle depainting system and 1997, which shall be on a usage per used, the following requirements shall through a dry particulate filter system, aircraft or usage per square foot of be met: certified using the method described in surface basis. (A) Maintain the system in good § 63.750(o) to meet or exceed the (3) The capture and destruction or working order; efficiency data points in Tables 1 and 2 removal efficiencies are to be Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations 15021 determined using the procedures in (b) General. Each facility subject to HAP per liter (5.2 lb/gal) of Type I § 63.750(g) when a carbon adsorber is this subpart shall be considered in chemical milling maskant as applied used and those in § 63.750(h) when a noncompliance if the owner or operator (less water), and 160 grams of organic control device other than a carbon fails to submit a startup, shutdown, and HAP per liter (1.3 lb/gal) of Type II adsorber is used. malfunction plan as required by chemical milling maskant as applied 10. Section 63.747 is amended by § 63.743(b) or uses a control device (less water). All values of Gi and Ga (as revising paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2) and other than one specified in this subpart determined using the procedures (e)(2) to read as follows: that has not been approved by the specified in § 63.750 (m) and (n)) are Administrator, as required by less than or equal to 622 grams of VOC § 63.747 Standards: Chemical milling per liter (5.2 lb/gal) of Type I chemical maskant application operations. § 63.743(c). * * * * * milling maskant as applied (less water * * * * * (d) * * * and exempt solvents), and 160 grams of (c) * * * VOC per liter (1.3 lb/gal) of Type II (1) Organic HAP emissions from (3) * * * (iii) * * * chemical milling maskant (less water chemical milling maskants shall be (B) Uses an alternative application and exempt solvents) as applied. limited to organic HAP content levels of technique, as allowed under * * * * * no more than 622 grams of organic HAP § 63.745(f)(1)(ix), such that the 12. Section 63.750 is amended by per liter (5.2 lb/gal) of Type I chemical emissions of both organic HAP and VOC revising the equation in paragraph milling maskant (less water) as applied, for the implementation period of the (b)(2); paragraphs (c)(1), (e)(1), equation and no more than 160 grams of organic alternative application method are less 7 (‘‘Eq. 7’’) in (e)(2), (g)(3)(ii), (g)(9)(i), HAP per liter (1.3 lb/gal) of Type II than or equal to the emissions generated (i)(1), (i)(2)(iii), (j) introductory text, chemical milling maskant (less water) as using HVLP or electrostatic spray (j)(1), (j)(3), (k) introductory text, (k)(1), applied. application methods as determined (l)(4), and (n)(3); and by adding (2) VOC emissions from chemical using the procedures specified in paragraphs (i)(2)(iv) and (o) to read as milling maskants shall be limited to § 63.750(i). follows: VOC content levels of no more than 622 grams of VOC per liter (5.2 lb/gal) of * * * * * § 63.750 Test methods and procedures. Type I chemical milling maskant (less (4) * * * * * * * * water and exempt solvents) as applied, (iii) * * * (b) * * * and no more than 160 grams of VOC per (A) Uses an application technique (2) * * * liter (1.3 lb/gal) of Type II chemical specified in § 63.745 (f)(1)(i) through milling maskant (less water and exempt (f)(1)(viii); or n (W )( VP ) / MW (B) Uses an alternative application = i i i solvents) as applied. PPc ∑ n technique, as allowed under = * * * * * i 1 ∑ W § 63.745(f)(1)(ix), such that the W e n W (e) * * * emissions of both organic HAP and VOC w +i=1 + i (2) Use the averaging provisions ∑ for the implementation period of the MW MW = MW described in § 63.743(d). w e i 1 i alternative application method are less 11. Section 63.749 is amended by * * * * * than or equal to the emissions generated revising paragraphs (a), (b), (d)(3)(iii)(B), (c) * * * using HVLP or electrostatic spray (d)(4)(iii), (f)(3)(ii)(A), and (h)(3)(i) to (1) For coatings that contain no application methods as determined read as follows: exempt solvents, determine the total using the procedures specified in organic HAP content using § 63.749 Compliance dates and § 63.750(i). manufacturer’s supplied data or Method determinations. * * * * * 24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, to (a) Compliance dates. (1) Each owner (f) * * * determine the VOC content. The VOC or operator of an existing affected source (3) * * * content shall be used as a surrogate for subject to this subpart shall comply (ii) * * * total HAP content for coatings that with the requirements of this subpart by (A) For any spot stripping and decal contain no exempt solvent. If there is a September 1, 1998, except as specified removal, the value of C, as determined discrepancy between the manufacturer’s in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. using the procedures specified in formulation data and the results of the Owners or operators of new affected § 63.750(j), is less than or equal to 26 Method 24 analysis, compliance shall be sources subject to this subpart shall gallons of organic HAP-containing based on the results from the Method 24 comply on the effective date or upon chemical stripper or 190 pounds of analysis. startup, whichever is later. In addition, organic HAP per commercial aircraft * * * * * each owner or operator shall comply depainted calculated on a yearly (e) * * * with the compliance dates specified in average; and is less than or equal to 50 (1) Determine the VOC content of § 63.6(b) and (c). gallons of organic HAP-containing each formulation (less water and exempt (2) Owners or operators of existing chemical stripper or 365 pounds of solvents) as applied using primer or topcoat application operations organic HAP per military aircraft manufacturer’s supplied data or Method and depainting operations who depainted calculated on a yearly 24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, to construct or reconstruct a spray booth or average; and determine the VOC content. The VOC hangar must comply with the new * * * * * content shall be used as a surrogate for source requirements for inorganic HAP (h) * * * total HAP content for coatings that specified in §§ 63.745(g)(2)(ii) and (3) * * * contain no exempt solvent. If there is a 63.746(b)(4) for that new spray booth or (i) For all uncontrolled chemical discrepancy between the manufacturer’s hangar upon startup. Such sources must milling maskants, all values of Hi and Ha formulation data and the results of the still comply with all other existing (as determined using the procedures Method 24 analysis, compliance shall be source requirements by September 1, specified in § 63.750 (k) and (l)) are less based on the results from the Method 24 1998. than or equal to 622 grams of organic analysis. 15022 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations

(2) * * * P=organic HAP or VOC emission n = number of organic HAP-containing reduction, percent. chemical strippers used in the M Eb=organic HAP or VOC emissions, in G = vi Eq. 7 annual period. i − − pounds, before the alternative ()1 VVwi xi Whi = weight fraction (expressed as a application technique was decimal) of each organic HAP (i) * * * * * implemented, as determined under contained in the chemical stripper, (g) * * * paragraph (i)(2)(i) of this section. as applied, for each aircraft Ea=organic HAP of VOC emissions, in (3) * * * depainted. (ii) Assure that all HAP emissions pounds, after the alternative from the affected HAP emission point(s) application technique was Dhi = density (lb/gal) of each organic are segregated from gaseous emission implemented, as determined under HAP-containing chemical stripper points not affected by this subpart and paragraph (i)(2)(ii) of this section. (i), used in the annual period. that the emissions can be captured for * * * * * Vsi = volume (gal) of organic HAP- measurement, as described in (j) Spot stripping and decal removal. containing chemical stripper (i) paragraphs (g)(2)(ii) (A) and (B) of this Each owner or operator seeking to used during the annual period. comply with § 63.746(b)(3) shall section; A = number of aircraft for which determine the volume of organic HAP- * * * * * depainting operations began during containing chemical strippers or (9) * * * the annual period. (i) When either EPA Method 18 or alternatively the weight of organic HAP EPA Method 25A is to be used in the used per aircraft using the procedure (k) Organic HAP content level determination of the efficiency of a specified in paragraphs (j)(1) through determination—compliant chemical fixed-bed carbon adsorption system (j)(3) of this section. milling maskants. For those (1) For each chemical stripper used with a common exhaust stack for all the uncontrolled chemical milling maskants for spot stripping and decal removal, individual carbon adsorber vessels complying with the chemical milling determine for each annual period the pursuant to paragraph (g) (2) or (4) of maskant organic HAP content limit total volume as applied or the total this section, the test shall consist of specified in § 63.747(c)(1) without being weight of organic HAP using the three separate runs, each coinciding averaged, the following procedures shall procedure specified in paragraph (d)(2) with one or more complete sequences be used to determine the mass of of this section. through the adsorption cycles of all of organic HAP emitted per unit volume of the individual carbon adsorber vessels. * * * * * coating (chemical milling maskant) i as (3) Calculate the annual average applied (less water), Hi (lb/gal). * * * * * volume of organic HAP-containing (i)(1) Alternative application (1) For coatings that contain no chemical stripper or weight of organic exempt solvents, determine the total method—primers and topcoats. Each HAP used for spot stripping and decal owner or operator seeking to use an organic HAP content using removal per aircraft using equation 20 manufacturer’s supplied data or Method alternative application method (as (volume) or equation 21 (weight): allowed in § 63.745(f)(1)(ix)) in 24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A to complying with the standards for n determine the VOC content. The VOC primers and topcoats shall use the ∑ V content shall be used as a surrogate for si total HAP content for coatings that procedures specified in paragraphs = i=1 (i)(2)(i) and (i)(2)(ii) or (i)(2)(iii) of this C Eq. 20 contain no exempt solvent. If there is a A discrepancy between the manufacturer’s section to determine the organic HAP where: and VOC emission levels of the formulation data and the results of the C=annual average volume (gal per alternative application technique as Method 24 analysis, compliance shall be aircraft) of organic HAP-containing compared to either HVLP or based on the results from the Method 24 chemical stripper used for spot electrostatic spray application methods. analysis. stripping and decal removal. * * * * * (2) * * * n=number of organic HAP-containing (iii) Test the proposed application chemical strippers used in the (l) * * * method against either HVLP or annual period. (4) Calculate the volume-weighted electrostatic spray application methods Vsi=volume (gal) of organic HAP- average mass of organic HAP emitted in a laboratory or pilot production area, containing chemical stripper (i) per unit volume (lb/gal) of chemical using parts and coatings representative used during the annual period. milling maskant (less water) as applied of the process(es) where the alternative A=number of aircraft for which for all chemical milling maskants during method is to be used. The laboratory test depainting operations began during each 30-day period using equation 22: will use the same part configuration(s) the annual period. and the same number of parts for both n the proposed method and the HVLP or n   m  ∑ WDVHi mi mi electrostatic spray application methods. ∑VDWsi hi∑ hi  = i=1    Ha Eq. 22 (iv) Whenever the approach in either i=1 i=1 M paragraph (i)(2)(ii) or (i)(2)(iii) of this C = Eq. 21 lw A section is used, the owner or operator * * * * * where: shall calculate both the organic HAP (n) * * * and VOC emission reduction using C = annual average weight (lb per equation: aircraft) of organic HAP (chemical (3) Calculate the volume-weighted stripper) used for spot stripping and average mass of VOC emitted per unit − EEb 3 decal removal. volume (lb/gal) of chemical milling P = ×100 m = number of organic HAP contained maskant (less water and exempt E b in each chemical stripper, as solvents) as applied during each 30-day where: applied. period using equation 23: Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations 15023

n use of a nonregenerative carbon (ii) Monthly volumes of each organic ∑()VOCmi V mi adsorber, in lieu of the requirements of HAP containing chemical stripper used = i=1 paragraph (b)(6)(iii)(B) or (C) of this or monthly weight of organic HAP- Ga Eq. 23 Mlwes section, the owner or operator may material used for spot stripping and replace the carbon in the carbon decal removal. * * * * * adsorber system with fresh carbon at a * * * * * (o) Inorganic HAP emissions—dry regular predetermined time interval as particulate filter certification (6) Spot stripping and decal removal. determined in accordance with For spot stripping and decal removal, requirements. Dry particulate filters paragraph (b)(2) of this section. used to comply with § 63.745(g)(2) or the volume of organic HAP-containing * * * * * § 63.746(b)(4) must be certified by the chemical stripper or weight of organic filter manufacturer or distributor, paint/ (c) * * * HAP used, the annual average volume of depainting booth supplier, and/or the (1) Each owner or operator using a dry organic HAP-containing chemical facility owner or operator using method particulate filter system to meet the stripper or weight of organic HAP used 319 in appendix A of subpart A of this requirements of § 63.745(g)(2) shall, per aircraft, the annual number of part, to meet or exceed the efficiency while primer or topcoat application aircraft stripped, and all data and data points found in Tables 1 and 2, or operations are occurring, continuously calculations used. 3 and 4 of § 63.745 for existing or new monitor the pressure drop across the * * * * * sources respectively. system and read and record the pressure (f) Chemical milling maskant 13. Section 63.751 is amended by drop once per shift following the application operations. Each owner or revising the first sentence of paragraph recordkeeping requirements of operator seeking to comply with the (b)(6)(ii)(A), (b)(6)(iii) introductory text, § 63.752(d). organic HAP and VOC content limits for and the first sentence of paragraph (2) Each owner or operator using a the chemical milling maskant (b)(6)(iii)(A)(2) introductory text and waterwash system to meet the application operation, as specified in paragraphs (b)(6)(iii)(D), (c)(1), (c)(2) requirements of § 63.745(g)(2) shall, § 63.747(c), or the control system and (d) to read as follows: while primer or topcoat application requirements specified in § 63.747(d), operations are occurring, continuously shall record the information specified in § 63.751 Monitoring requirements. monitor the water flow rate through the paragraphs (f)(1) through (f)(4) of this * * * * * system, and read and record the water section, as appropriate. (b) * * * flow rate once per shift following the * * * * * (6) * * * recordkeeping requirements of 15. Section 63.753 is amended by (ii) * * * § 63.752(d). (A) Except as allowed by paragraph revising paragraphs (a)(1) introductory (d) Particulate filters and waterwash text and (d)(2)(i) to read as follows: (b)(6)(iii)(A)(2) of this section, all booths—depainting operations. Each continuous emission monitors shall owner or operator using a dry § 63.753 Reporting requirements. comply with performance specification particulate filter or waterwash system in (a)(1) Except as provided in (PS) 8 or 9 in 40 CFR part 60, appendix accordance with the requirements of paragraphs (a)(2) and (a)(3) of this B, as appropriate depending on whether § 63.746(b)(4) shall, while depainting section, each owner or operator subject VOC or HAP concentration is being operations are occurring, continuously to this subpart shall fulfill the measured. * * * monitor the pressure drop across the requirements contained in § 63.9(a) * * * * * particulate filters or the water flow rate through (e) and (h) through (j), (iii) Owners or operators complying through the waterwash system and read Notification requirements, and with § 63.745(d), § 63.746(c), or and record the pressure drop or the § 63.10(a), (b), (d), and (f), § 63.747(d) through the use of a control water flow rate once per shift following Recordkeeping and reporting device and establishing a site-specific the recordkeeping requirements of requirements, of the General Provisions, operating parameter in accordance with § 63.752(e). 40 CFR part 63, subpart A, and that the paragraph (b)(1) of this section shall * * * * * initial notification for existing sources fulfill the requirements of paragraph required in § 63.9(b)(2) shall be (b)(6)(iii)(A) of this section and 14. Section 63.752 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(1), (e)(1)(ii), submitted not later than September 1, paragraph (b)(6)(iii)(B) or (C) of this 1997. In addition to the requirements of section, as appropriate. (e)(6), and (f) introductory text; and by removing paragraph (d)(4) to read as § 63.9(h), the notification of compliance (A) * * * status shall include: (2) For owners or operators using a follows: * * * * * nonregenerative carbon adsorber, in lieu § 63.752 Recordkeeping requirements. of using continuous emission monitors (d) * * * * * * * * as specified in paragraph (b)(6)(iii)(A)(1) (2) * * * of this section, the owner or operator (b) * * * (i) The average volume per aircraft of may use a portable monitoring device to (1) The name, vapor pressure, and organic HAP-containing chemical monitor total HAP or VOC documentation showing the organic strippers or weight of organic HAP used concentration at the inlet and outlet or HAP constituents of each cleaning for spot stripping and decal removal the outlet of the carbon adsorber as solvent used for affected cleaning operations if it exceeds the limits appropriate. * ** operations at the facility. specified in § 63.746(b)(3); and * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * (D) If complying with § 63.745(d), (e) * * * 16. Table 1 is added to the end of § 63.746(c), or § 63.747(d) through the (1) * * * subpart GG to read as follows: 15024 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations

TABLE 1 TO SUBPART GG OF PART 63ÐGENERAL PROVISIONS APPLICABILITY TO SUBPART GG

Applies to affected sources Reference in subpart GG Comment

63.1(a)(1) ...... Yes 63.1(a)(2) ...... Yes 63.1(a)(3) ...... Yes 63.1(a)(4) ...... Yes 63.1(a)(5) ...... No ...... Reserved. 63.1(a)(6) ...... Yes 63.1(a)(7) ...... Yes 63.1(a)(8) ...... Yes 63.1(a)(9) ...... No ...... Reserved. 63.1(a)(10) ...... Yes 63.1(a)(11) ...... Yes 63.1(a)(12) ...... Yes 63.1(a)(13) ...... Yes 63.1(a)(14) ...... Yes 63.1(b)(1) ...... Yes 63.1(b)(2) ...... Yes 63.1(b)(3) ...... Yes 63.1(c)(1) ...... Yes 63.1(c)(2) ...... Yes ...... Subpart GG does not apply to area sources. 63.1(c)(3) ...... No ...... Reserved. 63.1(c)(4) ...... Yes 63.1(c)(5) ...... Yes 63.1(d) ...... No ...... Reserved. 63.1(e) ...... Yes 63.2 ...... Yes 63.3 ...... Yes 63.4(a)(1) ...... Yes 63.4(a)(2) ...... Yes 63.4(a)(3) ...... Yes 63.4(a)(4) ...... No ...... Reserved. 63.4(a)(5) ...... Yes 63.4(b) ...... Yes 63.4(c) ...... Yes 63.5(a) ...... Yes 63.5(b)(1) ...... Yes 63.5(b)(2) ...... No ...... Reserved. 63.5(b)(3) ...... Yes 63.5(b)(4) ...... Yes 63.5(b)(5) ...... Yes 63.5(b)(6) ...... Yes 63.5(c) ...... No ...... Reserved. 63.5(d)(1)(i) ...... Yes 63.5(d)(1)(ii)(A)±(H) ...... Yes 63.5(d)(1)(ii)(I) ...... No ...... Reserved. 63.5(d)(1)(ii)(J) ...... Yes 63.5(d)(1)(iii) ...... Yes 63.5(d)(2)±(4) ...... Yes 63.5(e) ...... Yes 63.5(f) ...... Yes 63.6(a) ...... Yes 63.6(b)(1)±(5) ...... Yes ...... § 63.749(a) specifies compliance dates for new sources. 63.6(b)(6) ...... No ...... Reserved. 63.6(b)(7) ...... Yes 63.6(c)(1) ...... Yes 63.6(c)(2) ...... No ...... The standards in subpart GG are promulgated under section 112(d) of the Act. 63.6(c)(3)±(4) ...... No ...... Reserved. 63.6(c)(5) ...... Yes 63.6(d) ...... No ...... Reserved. 63.6(e) ...... Yes ...... 63.743(b) includes additional provisions for the oper- ation and maintenance plan. 63.6(f) ...... Yes 63.6(g) ...... Yes 63.6(h) ...... No ...... The standards in subpart GG do not include opacity standards. 63.6(i)(1)±(3) ...... Yes 63.6(i)(4)(i)(A) ...... Yes 63.6(i)(4)(i)(B) ...... No ...... § 63.743(a)(4) specifies that requests for extension of compliance must be submitted no later than 120 days before an affected source's compliance date. 63.6(i)(4)(ii) ...... No ...... The standards in subpart GG are promulgated under section 112(d) of the Act. Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations 15025

TABLE 1 TO SUBPART GG OF PART 63ÐGENERAL PROVISIONS APPLICABILITY TO SUBPART GGÐContinued

Applies to affected sources Reference in subpart GG Comment

63.6(i)(5)±(12) ...... Yes 63.6(i)(13) ...... Yes 63.6(i)(14) ...... Yes 63.6(i)(15) ...... No ...... Reserved. 63.6(i)(16) ...... Yes 63.6(j) ...... Yes 63.7(a)(1) ...... Yes 63.7(a)(2)(i)±(vi) ...... Yes 63.7(a)(2)(vii)±(viii) ...... No ...... Reserved. 63.7(a)(2)(ix) ...... Yes 63.7(a)(3) ...... Yes 63.7(b) ...... Yes 63.7(c) ...... Yes 63.7(d) ...... Yes 63.7(e) ...... Yes 63.7(f) ...... Yes 63.7(g)(1) ...... Yes 63.7(g)(2) ...... No ...... Reserved. 63.7(g)(3) ...... Yes 63.7(h) ...... Yes 63.8(a)(1)±(2) ...... Yes 63.8(a)(3) ...... No ...... Reserved. 63.8(a)(4) ...... Yes 63.8(b) ...... Yes 63.8(c) ...... Yes 63.8(d) ...... No 63.8(e)(1)±(4) ...... Yes 63.8(e)(5)(i) ...... Yes 63.8(e)(5)(ii) ...... No ...... The standards in subpart GG do not include opacity standards. 63.8(f)(1) ...... Yes 63.8(f)(2)(i)±(vii) ...... Yes 63.8(f)(2)(viii) ...... No ...... The standards in subpart GG do not include opacity standards. 63.8(f)(2)(ix) ...... Yes 63.8(f)(3)±(6) ...... Yes 63.8(g) ...... Yes 63.9(a) ...... Yes 63.9(b)(1) ...... Yes 63.9(b)(2) ...... Yes ...... § 63.753(a)(1) requires submittal of the initial notification at least 1 year prior to the compliance date; § 63.753(a)(2) allows a title V or part 70 permit appli- cation to be substituted for the initial notification in certain circumstances. 63.9(b)(3) ...... Yes 63.9(b)(4) ...... Yes 63.9(b)(5) ...... Yes 63.9(c) ...... Yes 63.9(d) ...... Yes 63.9(e) ...... Yes 63.9(f) ...... No ...... The standards in subpart GG do not include opacity standards. 63.9(g)(1) ...... No 63.9(g)(2) ...... No ...... The standards in subpart GG do not include opacity standards. 63.9(g)(3) ...... No 63.9(h)(1)±(3) ...... Yes ...... § 63.753(a)(1) also specifies additional information to be included in the notification of compliance status. 63.9(h)(4) ...... No ...... Reserved. 63.9(h)(5)±(6) ...... Yes 63.9(i) ...... Yes 63.9(j) ...... Yes 63.10(a) ...... Yes 63.10(b) ...... Yes 63.10(c)(1) ...... No 63.10(c)(2)±(4) ...... No ...... Reserved. 63.10(c)(5)±(8) ...... No 63.10(c)(9) ...... No ...... Reserved. 63.10(c)(10)±(13) ...... No 63.10(c)(14) ...... No ...... § 63.8(d) does not apply to this subpart. 63.10(c)(15) ...... No 15026 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations

TABLE 1 TO SUBPART GG OF PART 63ÐGENERAL PROVISIONS APPLICABILITY TO SUBPART GGÐContinued

Applies to affected sources Reference in subpart GG Comment

63.10(d)(1)±(2) ...... Yes 63.10(d)(3) ...... No ...... The standards in subpart GG do not include opacity standards. 63.10(d)(4) ...... Yes 63.10(d)(5) ...... Yes 63.(10)(e)(1) ...... No 63.10(e)(2)(i) ...... No 63.10(e)(2)(ii) ...... No ...... The standards in subpart GG do not include opacity standards. 63.10(e)(3) ...... No 63.10(e)(4) ...... No ...... The standards in subpart GG do not include opacity standards. 63.10(f) ...... Yes 63.11 ...... Yes 63.12 ...... Yes 63.13 ...... Yes 63.14 ...... Yes 63.15 ...... Yes

17. Appendix A of subpart GG is surfaces or fill cavities such as bolt hole Critical use and line sealer maskant—A added to read as follows: accesses. A material shall not be classified as temporary coating, not covered under other a caulking and smoothing compound if it can maskant categories, used to protect selected Appendix A to Subpart GG of Part 63— also be classified as a sealant. areas of aerospace parts from strong acid or Specialty Coating Definitions Chemical agent-resistant coating (CARC)— alkaline solutions such as those used in Ablative coating—A coating that chars An exterior topcoat designed to withstand anodizing, plating, chemical milling and when exposed to open flame or extreme exposure to chemical warfare agents or the processing of magnesium, titanium, high- temperatures, as would occur during the decontaminants used on these agents. strength steel, high-precision aluminum failure of an engine casing or during Clear coating—A transparent coating chemical milling of deep cuts, and aluminum aerodynamic heating. The ablative char usually applied over a colored opaque chemical milling of complex shapes. surface serves as an insulative barrier, coating, metallic substrate, or placard to give Materials used for repairs or to bridge gaps protecting adjacent components from the improved gloss and protection to the color left by scribing operations (i.e. line sealer) are heat or open flame. coat. In some cases, a clearcoat refers to any also included in this category. Adhesion promoter—A very thin coating transparent coating without regard to Cryogenic flexible primer—A primer applied to a substrate to promote wetting and substrate. designed to provide corrosion resistance, form a chemical bond with the subsequently Commercial exterior aerodynamic flexibility, and adhesion of subsequent applied material. structure primer—A primer used on coating systems when exposed to loads up to aerodynamic components and structures that and surpassing the yield point of the Adhesive bonding primer—A primer protrude from the fuselage, such as wings substrate at cryogenic temperatures (¥275°F applied in a thin film to aerospace and attached components, control surfaces, and below). components for the purpose of corrosion horizontal stabilizers, vertical fins, wing-to- Cryoprotective coating—A coating that inhibition and increased adhesive bond body fairings, antennae, and landing gear and insulates cryogenic or subcooled surfaces to strength by attachment. There are two doors, for the purpose of extended corrosion limit propellant boil-off, maintain structural categories of adhesive bonding primers: protection and enhanced adhesion. integrity of metallic structures during ascent primers with a design cure at 250°F or below ° Commercial interior adhesive—Materials or re-entry, and prevent ice formation. and primers with a design cure above 250 F. used in the bonding of passenger cabin Cyanoacrylate adhesive—A fast-setting, Aerosol coating—A hand-held, interior components. These components single component adhesive that cures at pressurized, nonrefillable container that must meet the FAA fireworthiness room temperature. Also known as ‘‘super expels an adhesive or a coating in a finely requirements. glue.’’ divided spray when a valve on the container Compatible substrate primer—Includes Dry lubricative material—A coating is depressed. two categories: compatible epoxy primer and consisting of lauric acid, cetyl alcohol, Antichafe coating—A coating applied to adhesive primer. Compatible epoxy primer is waxes, or other non-cross linked or resin- areas of moving aerospace components that primer that is compatible with the filled bound materials which act as a dry lubricant. may rub during normal operations or elastomeric coating and is epoxy based. The Electric or radiation-effect coating—A installation. compatible substrate primer is an epoxy- coating or coating system engineered to Bearing coating—A coating applied to an polyamide primer used to promote adhesion interact, through absorption or reflection, antifriction bearing, a bearing housing, or the of elastomeric coatings such as impact- with specific regions of the electromagnetic area adjacent to such a bearing in order to resistant coatings. Adhesive primer is a energy spectrum, such as the ultraviolet, facilitate bearing function or to protect base coating that (1) inhibits corrosion and serves visible, infrared, or microwave regions. Uses material from excessive wear. A material as a primer applied to bare metal surfaces or include, but are not limited to, lightning shall not be classified as a bearing coating if prior to adhesive application, or (2) is strike protection, electromagnetic pulse it can also be classified as a dry lubricative applied to surfaces that can be expected to (EMP) protection, and radar avoidance. material or a solid film lubricant. contain fuel. Fuel tank coatings are excluded Coatings that have been designated as Bonding maskant—A temporary coating from this category. ‘‘classified’’ by the Department of Defense are used to protect selected areas of aerospace Corrosion prevention system—A coating exempt. parts from strong acid or alkaline solutions system that provides corrosion protection by Electrostatic discharge and during processing for bonding. displacing water and penetrating mating electromagnetic interference (EMI) coating— Caulking and smoothing compounds— surfaces, forming a protective barrier between A coating applied to space vehicles, missiles, Semi-solid materials which are applied by the metal surface and moisture. Coatings aircraft radomes, and helicopter blades to hand application methods and are used to containing oils or waxes are excluded from disperse static energy or reduce aerodynamically smooth exterior vehicle this category. electromagnetic interference. Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations 15027

Elevated-temperature Skydrol-resistant Nonstructural adhesive—An adhesive that Structural nonautoclavable adhesive—An commercial primer—A primer applied bonds nonload bearing aerospace adhesive cured under ambient conditions primarily to commercial aircraft (or components in noncritical applications and that is used to bond load-carrying aerospace commercial aircraft adapted for military use) is not covered in any other specialty adhesive components or for other critical functions, that must withstand immersion in categories. such as nonstructural bonding in the phosphate-ester (PE) hydraulic fluid (Skydrol Optical anti-reflection coating—A coating proximity of engines. 500b or equivalent) at the elevated with a low reflectance in the infrared and Temporary protective coating—A coating temperature of 150°F for 1,000 hours. visible wavelength ranges, which is used for applied to provide scratch or corrosion Epoxy polyamide topcoat—A coating used anti-reflection on or near optical and laser protection during manufacturing, storage, or where harder films are required or in some hardware. transportation. Two types include peelable areas where engraving is accomplished in Part marking coating—Coatings or inks protective coatings and alkaline removable camouflage colors. used to make identifying markings on coatings. These materials are not intended to Fire-resistant (interior) coating—For materials, components, and/or assemblies. protect against strong acid or alkaline civilian aircraft, fire-resistant interior These markings may be either permanent or solutions. Coatings that provide this type of coatings are used on passenger cabin interior temporary. protection from chemical processing are not parts that are subject to the FAA Pretreatment coating—An organic coating included in this category. fireworthiness requirements. For military that contains at least 0.5 percent acids by Thermal control coating—Coatings aircraft, fire-resistant interior coatings are weight and is applied directly to metal or formulated with specific thermal conductive used on parts subject to the flammability composite surfaces to provide surface or radiative properties to permit temperature requirements of MIL–STD–1630A and MIL– etching, corrosion resistance, adhesion, and control of the substrate. A–87721. For space applications, these ease of stripping. Touch-up and Repair Coating—A coating coatings are used on parts subject to the Rain erosion-resistant coating—A coating used to cover minor coating imperfections flammability requirements of SE–R–0006 and or coating system used to protect the leading appearing after the main coating operation. SSP 30233. edges of parts such as flaps, stabilizers, Wet fastener installation coating—A Flexible primer—A primer that meets radomes, engine inlet nacelles, etc. against primer or sealant applied by dipping, flexibility requirements such as those needed erosion caused by rain impact during flight. brushing, or daubing to fasteners that are for adhesive bond primed fastener heads or Rocket motor bonding adhesive—An installed before the coating is cured. on surfaces expected to contain fuel. The adhesive used in rocket motor bonding Wing coating—A corrosion-resistant flexible coating is required because it applications. topcoat that is resilient enough to withstand provides a compatible, flexible substrate over Rocket motor nozzle coating—A catalyzed the flexing of the wings. bonded sheet rubber and rubber-type epoxy coating system used in elevated 18. Appendix A to Part 63 is amended coatings as well as a flexible bridge between temperature applications on rocket motor by adding method 319 in numerical the fasteners, skin, and skin-to-skin joints on nozzles. outer aircraft skins. This flexible bridge Rubber-based adhesive—Quick setting order to read as follows: allows more topcoat flexibility around contact cements that provide a strong, yet Appendix A to Part 63—Test Methods fasteners and decreases the chance of the flexible, bond between two mating surfaces * * * * * topcoat cracking around the fasteners. The that may be of dissimilar materials. result is better corrosion resistance. Scale inhibitor—A coating that is applied Method 319: Determination of Filtration Flight test coating—A coating applied to to the surface of a part prior to thermal Efficiency for Paint Overspray Arrestors aircraft other than missiles or single-use processing to inhibit the formation of scale. 1.0 Scope and Application. aircraft prior to flight testing to protect the Screen print ink—Inks used in screen 1.1 This method applies to the aircraft from corrosion and to provide printing processes during fabrication of determination of the initial, particle size required marking during flight test decorative laminates and decals. dependent, filtration efficiency for paint evaluation. Seal coat maskant—An overcoat applied arrestors over the particle diameter range Fuel tank adhesive—An adhesive used to over a maskant to improve abrasion and from 0.3 to 10 µm. The method applies to bond components exposed to fuel and that chemical resistance during production single and multiple stage paint arrestors or must be compatible with fuel tank coatings. operations. paint arrestor media. The method is Fuel tank coating—A coating applied to Sealant—A material used to prevent the applicable to efficiency determinations from fuel tank components to inhibit corrosion intrusion of water, fuel, air, or other liquids 0 to 99 percent. Two test aerosols are used— and/or bacterial growth and to assure sealant or solids from certain areas of aerospace one liquid phase and one solid phase. Oleic adhesion in extreme environmental vehicles or components. There are two acid, a low-volatility liquid (CAS Number conditions. categories of sealants: extrudable/rollable/ 112–80–1), is used to simulate the behavior High temperature coating—A coating brushable sealants and sprayable sealants. of wet paint overspray. The solid-phase designed to withstand temperatures of more Silicone insulation material—Insulating aerosol is potassium chloride salt (KCl, CAS than 350 °F. material applied to exterior metal surfaces for Number 7447–40–7) and is used to simulate Insulation covering—Material that is protection from high temperatures caused by the behavior of a dry overspray. The method applied to foam insulation to protect the atmospheric friction or engine exhaust. These is limited to determination of the initial, insulation from mechanical or environmental materials differ from ablative coatings in that clean filtration efficiency of the arrestor. damage. they are not ‘‘sacrificial.’’ Changes in efficiency (either increase or Intermediate release coating—A thin Solid film lubricant—A very thin coating decrease) due to the accumulation of paint coating applied beneath topcoats to assist in consisting of a binder system containing as overspray on and within the arrestor are not removing the topcoat in depainting its chief pigment material one or more of the evaluated. operations and generally to allow the use of following: molybdenum, graphite, 1.2 Efficiency is defined as 1— less hazardous depainting methods. polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or other Penetration (e.g., 70 percent efficiency is Lacquer—A clear or pigmented coating solids that act as a dry lubricant between equal to 0.30 penetration). Penetration is formulated with a nitrocellulose or synthetic faying surfaces. based on the ratio of the downstream particle resin to dry by evaporation without a Specialized function coatings—Coatings concentration to the upstream concentration. chemical reaction. Lacquers are resoluble in that fulfill extremely specific engineering It is often more useful, from a mathematical their original solvent. requirements that are limited in application or statistical point of view, to discuss the Metalized epoxy coating—A coating that and are characterized by low volume usage. upstream and downstream counts in terms of contains relatively large quantities of metallic This category excludes coatings covered in penetration rather than the derived efficiency pigmentation for appearance and/or added other Specialty Coating categories. value. Thus, this document uses both protection. Structural autoclavable adhesive—An penetration and efficiency as appropriate. Mold release—A coating applied to a mold adhesive used to bond load-carrying 1.3 For a paint arrestor system or surface to prevent the molded piece from aerospace components that is cured by heat subsystem which has been tested by this sticking to the mold as it is removed. and pressure in an autoclave. method, adding additional filtration devices 15028 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations to the system or subsystem shall be assumed a narrow range of particle diameters. For light scattering. An OPC gives particle to result in an efficiency of at least that of the example, Channel 1 may cover from 0.3 to diameters based on size, index of refraction, original system without the requirement for 0.4 µm, Channel 2 from 0.4 to 0.5 µm, * * * and shape. additional testing. (For example, if the final By taking the ratio of the downstream to Penetration—the fraction of the aerosol stage of a three-stage paint arrestor system upstream counts on a channel by channel that penetrates the filter at a given particle has been tested by itself, then the addition of basis, the penetration is computed for each diameter. Penetration equals the downstream the other two stages shall be assumed to of the sizing channels. maintain, as a minimum, the filtration 2.2 The upstream and downstream concentration divided by the upstream efficiency provided by the final stage alone. aerosol measurements are made while concentration. Thus, in this example, if the final stage has injecting the test aerosol into the air stream 4.0 Interferences. been shown to meet the filtration upstream of the arrestor (ambient aerosol is 4.1 The influence of the known requirements of Table 1 of § 63.745 of subpart removed with HEPA filters on the inlet of the interferences (particle losses) are negated by GG, then the final stage in combination with test rig). This test aerosol spans the particle correction of the data using blanks. any additional paint arrestor stages also size range from 0.3 to 10 µm and provides 5.0 Safety. passes the filtration requirements.) sufficient upstream concentration in each of 5.1 There are no specific safety 2.0 Summary of Method. the optical particle counter (OPC) sizing precautions for this method above those of 2.1 This method applies to the channels to allow accurate calculation of good laboratory practice. This standard does determination of the fractional (i.e., particle- penetration, down to penetrations of size dependent) aerosol penetration of approximately 0.01 (i.e., 1 percent not purport to address all of the safety several types of paint arrestors. Fractional penetration; 99 percent efficiency). Results problems, if any, associated with its use. It penetration is computed from aerosol are presented as a graph and a data table is the responsibility of the user of this concentrations measured upstream and showing the aerodynamic particle diameter method to establish appropriate safety and downstream of an arrestor installed in a and the corresponding fractional efficiency. health practices and determine the laboratory test rig. The aerosol concentrations 3.0 Definitions. applicability of regulatory limitations prior to upstream and downstream of the arrestors are Aerodynamic Diameter—diameter of a unit use. measured with an aerosol analyzer that density sphere having the same aerodynamic 6.0 Equipment and Supplies. simultaneously counts and sizes the particles properties as the particle in question. 6.1 Test Facility. A schematic diagram of in the aerosol stream. The aerosol analyzer Efficiency is defined as equal to 1— a test duct used in the development of the covers the particle diameter size range from Penetration. method is shown in Figure 319–1. 0.3 to 10 µm in a minimum of 12 contiguous Optical Particle Counter (OPC)—an sizing channels. Each sizing channel covers instrument that counts particles by size using BILLING CODE 6560±50±P Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations 15029

BILLING CODE 6560±50±C 15030 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations

6.1.1 The test section, paint spray section, upstream and downstream aerosol probes are transition (if used) from the paint arrestor and attached transitions are constructed of designed to yield isokinetic sampling must not exceed 30°; the test duct must stainless and galvanized steel. The upstream conditions. provide a means for mixing the challenge and downstream ducting is 20 cm diameter 6.1.2 The configuration and dimensions aerosol with the upstream flow (in lieu of any polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The upstream of the test duct can deviate from those of mixing device, a duct length of 15 duct transition provides a 7° angle of expansion to Figure 319–1 provided that the following key provide a uniform air flow distribution to the elements are maintained: the test duct must diameters fulfills this requirement); the test paint arrestors. Aerosol concentration is meet the criteria specified in Table 319–1; duct must provide a means for mixing any measured upstream and downstream of the the inlet air is HEPA filtered; the blower is penetrating aerosol with the downstream test section to obtain the challenge and on the upstream side of the duct thereby flow (in lieu of any mixing device, a duct penetrating aerosol concentrations, creating a positive pressure in the duct length of 15 duct diameters fulfills this respectively. Because the downstream relative to the surrounding room; the requirement); the test section must provide a ducting runs back under the test section, the challenge air has a temperature between 50° secure and leak-free mounting for single and ° challenge and penetrating aerosol taps are and 100 F and a relative humidity of less multiple stage arrestors; and the test duct located physically near each other, thereby than 65 percent; the angle of the upstream may utilize a 180° bend in the downstream facilitating aerosol sampling and reducing transition (if used) to the paint arrestor must duct. sample-line length. The inlet nozzles of the not exceed 7°; the angle of the downstream

TABLE 319±1.ÐQC CONTROL LIMITS

Frequency and description Control limits

OPC zero count ...... Each Test. OPC samples HEPA-filtered air ..... <50 counts per minute. OPC sizing accuracy check ...... Daily. Sample aerosolized PSL spheres ...... Peak of distribution should be in correct OPC channel. Minimum counts per channel for challenge Each Test ...... Minimum total of 500 particle counts per chan- aerosol. nel. Maximum particle concentration ...... Each Test. Needed to ensure OPC is not <10% of manufacturer's claimed upper limit overloaded. corresponding to a 10% count error. Standard Deviation of Penetration ...... Computed for each test based on the CV of <0.10 for 0.3 to 3 µm diameter. the upstream and downstream counts. <0.30 for >3 µm diameter. 0% Penetration ...... Monthly ...... <0.01. 100% PenetrationÐKCl ...... Triplicate tests performed immediately before, 0.3 to 1 µm: 0.90 to 1.10. during, or after triplicate arrestor tests. 1 to 3 µm: 0.75 to 1.25. 3 to 10 µm: 0.50 to 1.50. 100% PenetrationÐOleic Acid ...... Triplicate tests performed immediately before, 0.3 to 1 µm: 0.90 to 1.10. during, or after triplicate arrestor tests. 1 to 3 µm: 0.75 to 1.25. 3 to 10 µm: 0.50 to 1.50.

6.2 Aerosol Generator. The aerosol used to provide back support for the media of appropriate entrance diameter to maintain generator is used to produce a stable aerosol in addition to sealing it into the duct. The isokinetic sampling within 20 percent of the covering the particle size range from 0.3 to mounting frame for 20 in. x 20 in. arrestors air velocity. µ 10 m diameter. The generator used in the will have minimum open internal 6.5.1 The sampling system may be development of this method consists of an air dimensions of 18 in. square. Mounting designed to acquire the upstream and atomizing nozzle positioned at the top of a frames for 24 in. x 24 in. arrestors will have 0.30–m (12-in.) diameter, 1.3–m (51-in.) tall, minimum open internal dimensions of 22 in. downstream samples using (a) sequential acrylic, transparent, spray tower. This tower square. The open internal dimensions of the upstream-downstream sampling with a single allows larger sized particles, which would mounting frame shall not be less than 75 OPC, (b) simultaneous upstream and otherwise foul the test duct and sample lines, percent of the approach duct dimensions. downstream sampling with two OPC’s, or (c) to fall out of the aerosol. It also adds drying 6.4 Optical Particle Counter. The sequential upstream-downstream sampling air to ensure that the KCl droplets dry to upstream and downstream aerosol with two OPC’s. solid salt particles. After generation, the concentrations are measured with a high- 6.5.2 When two particle counters are aerosol passes through an aerosol neutralizer resolution optical particle counter (OPC). To used to acquire the upstream and (Kr85 radioactive source) to neutralize any ensure comparability of test results, the OPC downstream counts, they must be closely electrostatic charge on the aerosol shall utilize an optical design based on wide- (electrostatic charge is an unavoidable angle light scattering and provided a matched in flowrate and optical design. consequence of most aerosol generation minimum of 12 contiguous particle sizing 6.6 Airflow Monitor. The volumetric methods). To improve the mixing of the channels from 0.3 to 10µm diameter (based airflow through the system shall be measured aerosol with the air stream, the aerosol is on response to PSL) where, for each channel, with a calibrated orifice plate, flow nozzle, or injected counter to the airflow. Generators of the ratio of the diameter corresponding to the laminar flow element. The measurement other designs may be used, but they must upper channel bound to the lower channel device must have an accuracy of 5 percent or produce a stable aerosol concentration over bound must not exceed 1.5. better. µ the 0.3 to 10 m diameter size range; provide 6.5 Aerosol Sampling System. The 7.0 Reagents and Standards. a means of ensuring the complete drying of upstream and downstream sample lines must 7.1 The liquid test aerosol is reagent the KCl aerosol; and utilize a charge be made of rigid electrically-grounded grade, 98 percent pure, oleic acid (Table 319– neutralizer to neutralize any electrostatic metallic tubing having a smooth inside charge on the aerosol. The resultant surface, and they must be rigidly secured to 2). The solid test aerosol is KCl aerosolized challenge aerosol must meet the minimum prevent movement during testing. The from a solution of KCl in water. In addition count per channel and maximum upstream and downstream sample lines are to the test aerosol, a calibration aerosol of concentration criteria of Table 319–1. to be nominally identical in geometry. The monodisperse polystyrene latex (PSL) 6.3 Installation of Paint Arrestor. The use of a short length (100 mm maximum) of spheres is used to verify the calibration of the paint arrestor is to be installed in the test straight flexible tubing to make the final OPC. duct in a manner that precludes air bypassing connection to the OPC is acceptable. The the arrestor. Since arrestor media are often inlet nozzles of the upstream and sold unmounted, a mounting frame may be downstream probes must be sharp-edged and Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations 15031

TABLE 319±2.ÐPROPERTIES OF THE TEST AND CALIBRATION AEROSOLS

Refractive index Density, Shape g/cm 3

Oleic Acid (liquid-phase challenge aerosol) ...... 1.46 nonabsorbing ...... 0.89 Spherical. KCl (solid-phase challenge aerosol) ...... 1.49 ...... 1.98 Cubic or agglomerated cubes. PSL (calibration aerosol) ...... 1.59 nonabsorbing ...... 1.05 Spherical.

8.0 Sample Collection, Preservation, and box from the manufacturer or similar 9.2 The standard deviation (σ) of the Storage. cardboard box. Arrestors are stored at the test penetration (P) for a given test at each of the 8.1 In this test, all sampling occurs in site in a location that keeps them clean and 15 OPC sizing channels is computed from the real-time, thus no samples are collected that dry. Each arrestor is clearly labeled for coefficient of variation (CV, the standard require preservation or storage during the tracking purposes. deviation divided by the mean) of the test. The paint arrestors are shipped and 9.0 Quality Control. stored to avoid structural damage or soiling. 9.1 Table 319–1 lists the QC control upstream and downstream measurements as: Each arrestor may be shipped in its original limits.

σ =2 + 2 PP() CV upstream CV downstream (Eq. 319-1)

For a properly operating system, the standard 9.3 Data Quality Objectives (DQO). measurements at each particle size (i.e., for deviation of the penetration is < 0.10 at 9.3.1 Fractional Penetration. From the each sizing channel of the OPC) is computed particle diameters from 0.3 to 3 µm and less triplicate tests of each paint arrestor model, as: than 0.30 at diameters > 3 µm. the standard deviation for the penetration

1 = () − 2 ()−  2 s∑ Pi P/ n 1  (Eq. 319-2)

where Pi represents an individual penetration the manometer, and all tubing connections, Atm. Pressure: lllin. Hg measurement, and P the average of the 3 (n must be inspected and adjusted as needed. (From mercury barometer) = 3) individual measurements. 11.0 Procedure. Aerosol Generator: (record all operating 9.3.2 Bias of the fractional penetration 11.1 Filtration Efficiency. For both the parameters) values is determined from triplicate no-filter oleic acid and KCl challenges, this procedure lllllllllllllllllllll is performed in triplicate using a new and HEPA filter tests. These tests determine lllllllllllllllllllll the measurement bias at 100 percent arrestor for each test. penetration and 0 percent penetration, 11.1.1 General Information and Test Duct lllllllllllllllllllll respectively. Preparation lllllllllllllllllllll 9.3.3 PSL-Equivalent Light Scattering 11.1.1.1 Use the ‘‘Test Run Sheet’’ form (Figure 319–2) to record the test information. Test Aerosol: Diameter. The precision and bias of the OPC (Oleic acid or KCl) lllllllllll sizing determination are based on sampling Run Sheet Arrestor: a known diameter of PSL and noting whether Pressure drop: at start lll in. H2O the particle counts peak in the correct Part 1. General Information at end lll in. H2O channel of the OPC. This is a pass/fail Date and Time: lllllllllllll Condition of arrestor at end of test (note measurement with no calculations involved. Test Operator: llllllllllllll any physical deterioration): 9.3.4 Airflow. The precision of the Test #: lllllllllllllllll measurement must be within 5 percent of the lllllllllllllllllllll Paint Arrestor: set point. lllllllllllllllllllll Brand/Model lllllllllllll 10.0 Calibration and Standardization. # lllllllll 10.1 Optical Particle Counter. The OPC Arrestor Assigned ID Figure 319–2. Test Run Sheet must have an up-to-date factory calibration. Condition of arrestor (i.e., is there any Other report formats which contain the Check the OPC zero at the beginning and end damage? Must be new condition to proceed): same information are acceptable. of each test by sampling HEPA-filtered air. lllllllllllllllllllll 11.1.1.2 Record the date, time, test Verify the sizing accuracy on a daily basis Manometer zero and level confirmed? operator, Test #, paint arrestor brand/model (for days when tests are performed) with 1- lllllllllllllllllllll and its assigned ID number. For tests with no size PSL spheres. arrestor, record none. Part 2. Clean Efficiency Test 10.2 Airflow Measurement. Airflow 11.1.1.3 Ensure that the arrestor is measurement devices must have an accuracy Date and Time: lllllllllllll undamaged and is in ‘‘new’’ condition. of 5 percent or better. Manometers used in Optical Particle Counter: 11.1.1.4 Mount the arrestor in the conjunction with the orifice plate must be 20 min. warm up lllllllllll appropriate frame. Inspect for any airflow inspected prior to use for proper level, zero, Zero count (< 50 counts/min) llllll leak paths. and mechanical integrity. Tubing Daily PSL check llllllllllll 11.1.1.5 Install frame-mounted arrestor in connections to the manometer must be free PSL Diam: lll µm the test duct. Examine the installed arrestor from kinks and have secure connections. llllllll to verify that it is sealed in the duct. For tests 10.3 Pressure Drop. Measure pressure File name for OPC data: with no arrestor, install the empty frame. drop across the paint arrestor with an Test Conditions: 11.1.1.6 Visually confirm the manometer inclined manometer readable to within 0.01 Air Flow: lll zero and level. Adjust as needed. in. H2O. Prior to use, the level and zero of Temp & RH: Temp lll °F RH lll % 11.1.2 Clean Efficiency Test. 15032 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations

11.1.2.1 Record the date and time upon 11.1.2.5.2 Turn on the Aerosol Generator. the adequacy of the instrument response time beginning this section. Begin aerosol generation and record the and sample line lag. 11.1.2.2 Optical Particle Counter. operating parameters. 12.0 Data Analysis and Calculations. 11.1.2.2.1 General: Operate the OPC per 11.1.2.5.3 Monitor the particle counts. 12.1 Analysis. The analytical procedures the manufacturer’s instructions allowing a Allow a minimum of 5 minutes for the for the fractional penetration and flow minimum of 20 minutes warm up before generator to stabilize. velocity measurements are described in making any measurements. 11.1.2.5.4 Confirm that the total particle Section 11. Note that the primary 11.1.2.2.2 Overload: The OPC will yield count does not exceed the predetermined measurements, those of the upstream and inaccurate data if the aerosol concentration it upper limit. Adjust generator as needed. downstream aerosol concentrations, are is attempting to measure exceeds its 11.1.2.5.5 Confirm that a minimum of 50 operating limit. To ensure reliable particle counts are measured in the upstream performed with the OPC which acquires the measurements, the maximum aerosol sample in each of the OPC channels per sample and analyzes it in real time. Because concentration will not exceed 10 percent of sample. (A minimum of 50 counts per all the test data are collected in real time, the manufacturer’s claimed upper channel per sample will yield the required there are no analytical procedures performed concentration limit corresponding to a 10 minimum 500 counts per channel total for subsequent to the actual test, only data percent count error. If this value is exceeded, the 10 upstream samples as specified in analysis. reduce the aerosol concentration until the Table 319–1.) Adjust generator or sample 12.2 Calculations. acceptable conditions are met. time as needed. 12.2.1 Penetration. 11.1.2.2.3 Zero Count: Connect a HEPA 11.1.2.5.6 If you are unable to obtain a Nomenclature capsule to the inlet of the OPC and obtain stable concentration within the concentration printouts for three samples (each a minimum limit and with the 50 count minimum per U = Upstream particle count of 1-minute each). Record maximum channel, adjust the aerosol generator. D = Downstream particle count cumulative zero count. If the count rate 11.1.2.5.7 When the counts are stable, Ub = Upstream background count exceeds 50 counts per minute, the OPC perform repeated upstream-downstream Db = Downstream background count requires servicing before continuing. sampling until 10 upstream-downstream P100 = 100 percent penetration value 11.1.2.2.4 PSL Check of OPC Calibration: measurements are obtained. determined immediately prior to the Confirm the calibration of the OPC by 11.1.2.5.8 After collection of the 10 arrestor test computed for each channel sampling a known size PSL aerosol. upstream-downstream samples, stop data as: Aerosolize the PSL using an appropriate acquisition and allow 2 more minutes for nebulizer. Record whether the peak count is final purging of generator. − ()DDb observed in the proper channel. If the peak 11.1.2.5.9 Obtain one additional set of P = is not seen in the appropriate channel, have upstream-downstream background samples. 100 − ()UUb the OPC recalibrated. 11.1.2.5.10 After obtaining the upstream- 11.1.2.3 Test Conditions: downstream background samples, stop data P = Penetration of the arrestor corrected for 11.1.2.3.1 Airflow: The test airflow acquisition. P100 corresponds to a nominal face velocity of 120 11.1.2.5.11 Record the arrestor pressure o´ = Sample standard deviation FPM through the arrestor. For arrestors drop. CV = Coefficient of variation = o´/mean having nominal 20 in. x 20 in. face 11.1.2.5.12 Turn off blower. E = Efficiency. dimensions, this measurement corresponds 11.1.2.5.13 Remove the paint arrestor Overbar denotes arithmetic mean of to an airflow of 333 cfm. For arrestors having assembly from the test duct. Note any signs quantity. nominal face dimensions of 24 in. x 24 in., of physical deterioration. Analysis of each test involves the following this measurement corresponds to an airflow 11.1.2.5.14 Remove the arrestor from the quantities: of 480 cfm. frame and place the arrestor in an • P100 value for each sizing channel from 11.1.2.3.2 Temperature and Relative appropriate storage bag. the 100 percent penetration control test, Humidity: The temperature and relative 11.2 Control Test: 100 Percent • 2 upstream background values, humidity of the challenge air stream will be Penetration Test. A 100 percent penetration • measured to within an accuracy of +/¥2°F test must be performed immediately before 2 downstream background values, • and +/¥10 percent RH. To protect the probe each individual paint arrestor test using the 10 upstream values with aerosol from fouling, it may be removed during same challenge aerosol substance (i.e., oleic generator on, and • periods of aerosol generation. acid or KCl) as to be used in the arrestor test. 10 downstream values with aerosol 11.1.2.3.3 Barometric Pressure: Use a These tests are performed with no arrestor generator on. mercury barometer. Record the atmospheric installed in the test housing. This test is a Using the values associated with each pressure. relatively stringent test of the adequacy of the sizing channel, the penetration associated 11.1.2.4 Upstream and Downstream overall duct, sampling, measurement, and with each particle-sizing channel is Background Counts. aerosol generation system. The test is calculated as: 11.1.2.4.1 With the arrestor installed in performed as a normal penetration test the test duct and the airflow set at the proper except the paint arrestor is not used. A   ()DD− b  value, turn on the data acquisition computer perfect system would yield a measured P =   /(P Eq. 319-3) and bring up the data acquisition program. penetration of 1 at all particle sizes. 100 ()UU− b  11.1.2.4.2 Set the OPC settings for the Deviations from 1 can occur due to particle   appropriate test sample duration with output losses in the duct, differences in the degree for both printer and computer data of aerosol uniformity (i.e., mixing) at the collection. upstream and downstream probes, and EP=1 − (Eq. 319-4) 11.1.2.4.3 Obtain one set of upstream- differences in particle transport efficiency in downstream background measurements. the upstream and downstream sampling Most often, the background levels are small 11.1.2.4.4 After obtaining the upstream- lines. compared to the values when the aerosol downstream measurements, stop data 11.3 Control Test: 0 Percent Penetration. generator is on. acquisition. One 0 percent penetration test must be 12.3 The relationship between the 11.1.2.5 Efficiency Measurements: performed at least monthly during testing. physical diameter (DPhysical) as measured by 11.1.2.5.1 Record the arrestor pressure The test is performed by using a HEPA filter the OPC to the aerodynamic diameter (DAero) drop. rather than a paint arrestor. This test assesses is given by: Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 59 / Friday, March 27, 1998 / Rules and Regulations 15033

ρ CCF DD= Particle Physical (Eq. 319-5 ) Aero Physical ρ o CCFAero

Where: efficiency (%) on a linear scale from 0 to 100. 14.0 Waste Management. 3 pO = unit density of 1 g/cm . Plots for each individual run and a plot of 14.1 Paint arrestors may be returned to pParticle = the density of the particle, 0.89 g/ the average of triplicate solid-phase and of originator, if requested, or disposed of with cm3 for oleic acid. the average triplicate liquid-phase tests must regular laboratory waste. CCFPhysical = the Cunningham Correction be prepared. All plots are to be based on 15.0 References. Factor at DPhysical. point-to-point plotting (i.e., no curve fitting 1. Hanley, J.T., D.D. Smith and L. Cox. CCFAero = the Cunningham Correction Factor is to be used). The data are to be plotted ‘‘Fractional Penetration of Paint Overspray at DAero. based on the geometric mean diameter of Arrestors, Draft Final Report,’’ EPA 12.4 Presentation of Results. For a given each of the OPC’s sizing channels. Cooperative Agreement CR–817083–01–0, 12.4.2 Tabulated data from each test must arrestor, results will be presented for: January 1994. • be provided. The data must include the Triplicate arrestor tests with the liquid- 2. Hanley, J.T., D.D. Smith, and D.S. Ensor. phase challenge aerosol, upper and lower diameter bound and • geometric mean diameter of each of the OPC ‘‘Define a Fractional Efficiency Test Method Triplicate arrestor tests with the solid- that is Compatible with Particulate Removal phase challenge aerosol, sizing channels, the background particle Air Cleaners Used in General Ventilation,’’ • Triplicate 100 percent penetration tests counts for each channel for each sample, the with the liquid-phase challenge aerosol, upstream particle counts for each channel for Final Report, 671–RP, American Society of • Triplicate 100 percent penetration tests each sample, the downstream particle counts Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning with the solid-phase challenge aerosol, and for each channel for each sample, the 100 Engineers, Inc., December 1993. • One 0 percent filter test (using either the percent penetration values computed for 3. ‘‘Project Work and Quality Assurance liquid-phase or solid-phase aerosol and each channel, and the 0 percent penetration Plan: Fractional Penetration of Paint performed at least monthly). values computed for each channel. Overspray Arrestors, Category II,’’ EPA 12.4.1 Results for the paint arrestor test 13.0 Pollution Prevention. Cooperative Agreement No. CR–817083, July must be presented in both graphical and 13.1 The quantities of materials to be 1994. tabular form. The X-axis of the graph will be aerosolized should be prepared in accord a logarithmic scale of aerodynamic diameter with the amount needed for the current tests [FR Doc. 98–6999 Filed 3–26–98; 8:45 am] from 0.1 to 100 µm. The Y-axis will be so as to prevent wasteful excess. BILLING CODE 6560±50±P