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Preliminary Review of the Metal Finishing Category; April 2018

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Preliminary Review of the Metal Finishing Category; April 2018 United472B States Environmental473B Protection 474BAgency Preliminary270B Review of the Metal Finishing Category April 2018 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water (4303T) 1200 Pennsylvani a Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20460 EPA 821-R-18-003 www.epa.gov/eg/metal-finishing-effluent-guidelines THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1-1 2. SUMMARY OF 2015 STATUS REPORT .............................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Existing Metal Finishing ELGs ............................................................................. 2-1 2.2 2015 Status Report Summary of Findings ............................................................. 2-3 3. RECENT STUDY ACTIVITIES ............................................................................................ 3-1 3.1 Site Visits to Metal Finishing Facilities ................................................................. 3-1 3.2 Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) and Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Data Analysis ....................................................................................................... 3-1 3.3 Pollution Prevention (P2) Review ......................................................................... 3-5 3.4 Metal Products and Machinery (MP&M) Rulemaking ......................................... 3-6 3.5 Technical Conferences ........................................................................................... 3-7 3.6 Stakeholder Outreach ............................................................................................. 3-8 3.6.1 Pretreatment Coordinators .................................................................... 3-9 3.6.2 Industry and Trade Organizations ......................................................... 3-9 3.6.3 Other Stakeholders ................................................................................ 3-9 3.7 Other Regulation Review ....................................................................................... 3-9 4. RECENT STUDY FINDINGS ............................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Site Visits to Metal Finishing Facilities ................................................................. 4-1 4.2 DMR/TRI Data Analysis ....................................................................................... 4-4 4.2.1 Industries under the Metal Finishing Category Contributing Top Pollutant Discharges in 2014 ................................................................ 4-4 4.2.2 Pollutant Analyses ................................................................................ 4-6 4.2.3 Unregulated Pollutant Analysis ............................................................ 4-7 4.2.4 Regulated Pollutant Analysis ................................................................ 4-8 4.2.5 Summary of Results and Conclusions .................................................. 4-9 4.3 Pollution Prevention (P2) Review ....................................................................... 4-10 4.3.1 Process Technology Controls and Alternatives .................................. 4-10 4.3.2 Alternative Process Chemistries ......................................................... 4-11 4.3.3 Wastewater Recycling, Materials Recovery, and Treatment Alternatives ......................................................................................... 4-11 4.3.4 P2 Initiatives and Resources for the Metal Finishing Industry ........... 4-12 4.4 Metal Products and Machinery (MP&M) Rulemaking ....................................... 4-16 4.4.1 Subcategories Containing Metal Finishers ......................................... 4-16 4.4.2 Pollutants of Concern .......................................................................... 4-18 iii Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page 4.4.3 P2 Practices and Wastewater Treatment Technologies Identified Between the Metal Finishing and MP&M Rulemakings .................... 4-19 4.4.4 Technology Bases and Proposed ELGs .............................................. 4-20 4.4.5 Key MP&M Findings for the Metal Finishing Industry ..................... 4-26 4.5 Technical Conferences ......................................................................................... 4-26 4.5.1 NASF SUR/FIN® Conference ........................................................... 4-27 4.5.2 NACWA Conferences ........................................................................ 4-28 4.6 Stakeholder Outreach ........................................................................................... 4-28 4.6.1 Local Control Authorities and EPA Regional Pretreatment Coordinators........................................................................................ 4-28 4.6.2 Industry and Trade Organizations ....................................................... 4-29 4.6.3 Other Stakeholders .............................................................................. 4-30 4.7 Other Regulations and Initiatives Affecting the Metal Finishing Industry.......... 4-30 4.7.1 Federal Regulations ............................................................................ 4-30 4.7.2 Other Environmental Directives ......................................................... 4-32 4.7.3 Customer Specifications and Certifications ........................................ 4-34 5. PRELIMINARY REVIEW CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................... 5-1 6. QUALITY ASSURANCE ..................................................................................................... 6-1 6.1 Project Objectives .................................................................................................. 6-1 6.2 Data Sources .......................................................................................................... 6-1 6.3 Data Quality Objectives and Criteria ..................................................................... 6-1 6.4 Data Quality Evaluation ......................................................................................... 6-3 6.4.1 Site Visits to Metal Finishing Facilities ................................................ 6-4 6.4.2 Government Databases with Discharge Data (DMR and TRI) ............ 6-4 6.4.3 Conference Proceedings, Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles, Other Academic Literature ............................................................................. 6-4 6.4.4 Existing Government Publications and Supporting Information .......... 6-5 6.4.5 Information Obtained from Industry, Vendors, and Trade Associations .......................................................................................... 6-5 7. REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 7-1 Appendix A: SIC and NAICS Codes for the Metal Finishing Industry Appendix B: Pollution Prevention (P2) Practices Identified in EPA’s P2 Review iv List of Tables LIST OF TABLES Page Table 2-1. Unit Operations Regulated by ELGs for the Metal Finishing Category .................... 2-1 Table 2-2. Regulated Pollutants and ELG Limits for the Metal Finishing Category .................. 2-2 Table 3-1. Summary of Analyses of the DMR and TRI Data Presented in this Report .............. 3-4 Table 3-2. Keywords Used for Identifying Metal Finishing TRI P2 Practices ........................... 3-5 Table 3-3. Keywords Used for Literature Search of Metal Finishing P2 Practices ..................... 3-6 Table 4-1. List of Metal Finishing Site Visits.............................................................................. 4-1 Table 4-2. Top Metal Finishing Dischargers by SIC and NAICS Codes Identified from 2014 DMR and TRI Data ........................................................................................... 4-5 Table 4-3. Top Pollutants by TWPE Based on Reported DMR Data, 2010 – 2014 .................... 4-6 Table 4-4. Top Pollutants by TWPE Based on Reported TRI Data, 2010 – 2014 ...................... 4-7 Table 4-5. Summary of DMR and TRI Concentration Data for Unregulated Pollutants Compared to Baseline Values .................................................................................... 4-8 Table 4-6. Summary of DMR and TRI Concentration Data for Regulated Pollutants Compared to Metal Finishing ELGs and Relevant LTAs .......................................... 4-9 Table 4-7. Major Regional P2 Technical Assistance Websites ................................................. 4-14 Table 4-8. Pollutants Considered for the Proposed MP&M Regulation for Metal-Bearing Subcategories ........................................................................................................... 4-18 Table 4-9. Practices and Technologies Identified in the 2001 MP&M TDD and Not Discussed in the 1983 Metal Finishing TDD ........................................................... 4-20 Table 4-10. Proposed MP&M BPT/BAT Limits and Promulgated Metal Finishing BPT and BAT Limits ....................................................................................................... 4-22 Table 4-11. Proposed P2 Alternatives for Metal Finishing Job Shop Subcategory................... 4-23 Table 6-1. Data Quality Criteria Summary .................................................................................
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