Study Study to Determine the Transaction Costs of Different Incentive Models for Retrofitting the Freight Wagon Fleet with Compo
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Study Commissioned by: Verband Deutscher Verkehrsunternehmen e. V. [Association of German transport Companies] Vereinigung der Privatgüterwagen-Interessenten [Union of Private Freight Wagon Companies] DB Schenker Rail GmbH DB Netz AG AAE Ahaus-Alstätter Eisenbahn Cargo AG European Rail Freight Association UIC International Union of Railways Study to Determine the Transaction Costs of Different Incentive Models for Retrofitting the Freight Wagon Fleet with Composite Brake Blocks KCW GmbH Bernburger Straße 27 10963 Berlin Final Report Translated by Railway Translation Service, Etwall Produced by KCW GmbH With assistance from GFA B.I.S. GmbH Copyright notice This study is subject to the regulations of the German copyright law. Provided that nothing has been agreed in writing to the contrary, publication or trans- mission, even of extracts, is not permitted. Rights of use remain with the client. Transaction Cost Study page 2 KCW GmbH Contents Summary ............................................................................................ 6 1 Introduction ............................................................................. 10 2 Methodology and Approach...................................................... 13 2.1 Organisation of the Study ..................................................... 13 2.2 Methodology ........................................................................ 14 2.2.1 Interviews............................................................................ 14 2.2.2 Cost Model........................................................................... 15 2.2.3 Definitions ........................................................................... 16 2.2.4 Central Players ..................................................................... 16 3 Description of the Incentive Models ........................................ 20 3.1 Mileage and Noise Dependent Bonus Scheme on the Basis of GCU and NVR................................................................... 21 3.2 Noise Differentiated Track Access Charge System (NDTAC)..... 24 3.3 Noise Differentiated Track Access Charge System on the Basis of RFID ....................................................................... 31 3.4 Direct Funding...................................................................... 33 4 Overview of the German Rail Freight Market........................... 35 4.1 General................................................................................ 35 4.2 Overview of the Players in the Rail Freight Market.................. 35 4.2.1 Railway Infrastructure Managers ........................................... 36 4.2.2 Railway Undertakings ........................................................... 38 4.2.3 Lessors ................................................................................ 40 4.2.4 Further Important Players in the Rail Freight Market............... 41 4.2.5 Public Authorities.................................................................. 42 4.3 Overview of the Market Structure Models in Rail Freight Traffic.................................................................................. 43 4.4 Relevant Business Processes in Rail Freight Transport for Incentive Models .................................................................. 47 4.4.1 Processes between the Infrastructure Managers and the Railway Undertakings ........................................................... 47 4.4.2 Processes between Consignor and Railway Undertakings ........ 48 4.4.3 Relationship between Wagon Lessors and Lessees ................. 49 Transaction Cost Study page 3 KCW GmbH 4.4.4 Relationship between Infrastructure Managers and Federal Agencies .............................................................................. 50 5 Changes in Business Processes and Stakeholder Business Relationships through Implementation of the Incentive Models ...................................................................................... 51 5.1 Mileage and Noise Dependent Bonus Model on the Basis of GCU and NVR....................................................................... 51 5.1.1 Preparation of the Application ............................................... 51 5.1.2 Application........................................................................... 52 5.1.3 Processing of Bonus Applications........................................... 53 5.1.4 Verifying of Total Bonus Payments by the Federal Authority.... 54 5.2 Noise Differentiated Track Access Charge System................... 54 5.2.1 Clearing Level IM – RU ......................................................... 54 5.2.2 Clearing Level RU – Wagon Keeper........................................ 59 5.2.3 Clearing level RU – Wagon Deployment Supervisor................. 60 5.2.4 Reimbursement of the Bonuses for the IM ............................. 63 5.2.5 Differing Processes in Incentive Model 2.2 ............................. 64 5.2.6 Differing Processes in Incentive Model 2.3 ............................. 65 5.3 Noise Differentiated Track Access Charge System (RFID)........ 66 5.4 Direct Funding...................................................................... 67 6 Transaction Costs of the Examined Incentive Models ............ 68 6.1 Approach and Functionality of the Transaction Cost Model ...... 68 6.1.1 Methodology of Determining Costs ........................................ 68 6.1.2 Procedure ............................................................................ 69 6.2 Components of the Cost Model.............................................. 71 6.2.1 Estimated Costs.................................................................... 72 6.2.2 Model Parameters................................................................. 77 6.2.3 Assumptions for the Retrofitting Costs ................................... 86 6.3 Results ................................................................................ 87 6.3.1 Results for the ND Bonus Model ............................................ 88 6.3.2 Results for the NDTAC-IT Models .......................................... 91 6.3.3 Results for the NDTAC-RFID Models .....................................100 6.3.4 Results for Direct Funding....................................................107 6.3.5 Model Comparison...............................................................108 7 Estimation of Transaction Costs when Implementing the Incentive Models in other European Countries..................... 110 7.1 Parameters of Comparison ...................................................111 Transaction Cost Study page 4 KCW GmbH 7.2 Methodology for Calculating the Transaction Costs ................113 8 Qualitative Assessment of the Incentive Models ................... 116 8.1 Incentive Effect ...................................................................116 8.1.1 ND Bonus model .................................................................116 8.1.2 NDTAC-IT Models................................................................117 8.1.3 NDTAC-RFID Models............................................................118 8.1.4 Direct Funding Scheme ........................................................119 8.2 Feasibility and Practicability..................................................119 8.2.1 ND Bonus Model..................................................................119 8.2.2 NDTAC-IT Models................................................................120 8.2.3 NDTAC-RFID Models............................................................121 8.2.4 Direct Funding Scheme ........................................................122 8.3 Market Effects.....................................................................122 8.3.1 ND Bonus Model..................................................................122 8.3.2 NDTAC-IT Models................................................................123 8.3.3 NDTAC-RFID Models............................................................123 8.3.4 Direct Funding Scheme ........................................................124 8.4 Transaction Costs................................................................124 8.4.1 ND Bonus Model..................................................................124 8.4.2 NDTAC-IT Models................................................................124 8.4.3 NDTAC-RFID Models............................................................125 8.4.4 Direct Funding Scheme ........................................................125 8.5 Summary ............................................................................126 9 Appendix................................................................................. 127 9.1 Contents of the Figures........................................................127 9.2 Contents of the Tables.........................................................129 9.3 Bibliography........................................................................131 Transaction Cost Study page 5 KCW GmbH Summary The noise of rail traffic has received increasing attention from railways, industry, politics, associations and the people affected. While in the past most investment was put into noise protection measures on infrastructure and buildings (e.g. noise protection walls), new studies show that investment in noise protection on rolling stock is more efficient from a cost-benefit point of view. The main cause of rail freight traffic noise is cast iron brake blocks which roughen up the wheels. This leads to unevenness