Phylum Echinodermata

http://www.biltek.tubitak. Paleontology gov.tr/bilgipaket/jeolojik /index.htm

Muhittin Görmüş Department of Geology

Lecture 11

http://members.cox.net/jdmount/paleont.html M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11

1. Echinodermata General characteristics Classification 1.1 Echinoidea General characteristics Body organisations & related terms Classification Selected genera 1.2 Crinoids General characteristics 2. Arthropoda 2.1 Trilobita General characteristics Classification Selected genera

Pictures from Alkaya (Selçuk Univ.), lecture notes, M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11

http://sci.ege.edu.tr/~sukatar/Echinodermata.htm M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11

http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Echinodermata General characteristics Ankara University, 2017 M. M. Görmüş,

Lecture Lecture 11

Phylum

Echinodermata http://faculty.evansville.edu/de3/b10802/PPoint/Echinodermata/sld002.htm

General characteristics Ankara University, 2017 M. M. Görmüş,

Lecture Lecture 11 * They provide can valuable clues the geological as to environment. are major contributors to many * Geologically, the echinoderms value of is in their terrestrial (land * Echinoderms also are the largest phylum that no has freshwater or * The phylum contains about living 7000 the * Echinoderms found are at every ocean from depth, the dollars * They include wellsuch symmetry. * The adults recognized are easily by their (usually five and ( * The word "echinoderm" is made up from * Echinoderms echinóderma

abyssal abyssal zone

δέρμα

Phylum , and

( dérma sea cucumbers sea

), " Echinodermata - based) based) representatives.

(Phylum (Phylum spiny , benthics, , benthics, epifaunal infaunal. or ), "skin", ), "skin",

skin", skin", cf. - known animals known animals as Echinodermata echinodérmata .

limestone ἐχῖνος

( echínos

(Spinyskin organisms) species

formations, formations, ) are a Greek

starfish being being the form. Greek plural ), "hedgehog; sea ,

phylum ἐχινόδερμα

ossified , sea sea urchins

- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoderm point) point) radial

intertidal zone intertidal of

skeletons, skeletons, which marine

, sand sand - urchin" urchin"

animals

to to

General characteristics Ankara University, 2017 M. M. Görmüş,

Lecture Lecture 11 Sea whom starfish the pose a major irritation byeating their stocks. for this purpose. This trade is often carriedout in conjunction with areas where limestone is unavailable; indeed, 4,000 tons the of animals areused annually • depends onthe color, whichcan range from light yellowbright to orange. The taste is described as soft andmelting, like of mixa seafood and fruit. Thequality • tumour not well studied. does It appear that some sea cucumber toxinsrestrain the growthrate of • are dried,and potentiallythe poisonous entrails removed. are wellknown as particularly popular are(Pineapple)the roller • weremainly sea cucumbers (158,000tonnes) and sea urchins (73,000tonnes). • physician whenan attempt is made removeto it. It may requirepatience of certain species of sea urchins means that if spinethe pierces the flesh, it may breakoff •

The calcareous The The strong Sea cucumbers Sea cucumbers areconsidered delicacya some in countries of south east Asia; In 2010,373,000 tonnes of echinoderms wereharvested, mainly consumption. for These Echinoderms sometimes pose healtha threat to humans. Thefine structure the of spines - urchin and sand dollar skeletons arepopular collectibles, as aredried starfish.

gonads

cells, cells, which has sparked interest from

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poisons to fully to remove the remaining piece of spine.

of sea urchins are consumed particularly in tests bêche demer

of thesea cucumbers areoften

or shells shells or echinoderms of areused as a source lime of byin farmers PhylumEchinodermata

or Trepang

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researchers. and ( susuhan

Japan Indonesia

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Classification Ankara University, 2017 M. M. Görmüş,

Lecture Lecture 11

PhylumEchinodermata

Classification Ankara University, 2017 M. M. Görmüş,

Lecture Lecture 11

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/Grzimek_inverts/Asteroidea/Odontaster_validus.jpg/view.html

PhylumEchinodermata Sea Sea lily Sea cucembers Sea Snake Starfish dollars - urchins urchins or sea - like like starfish

Classification Ankara University, 2017 M. M. Görmüş,

Lecture Lecture 11 Class

Class

Echinoidea

Crinoidea PhylumEchinodermata

Class

Class Class

Holothuroidea

Asteroidea Ophiuroidea

Classification Ankara University, 2017 M. M. Görmüş,

Lecture Lecture 11

PhylumEchinodermata

~sukatar/Echinodermata.htm http://sci.ege.edu.tr/

Classification Ankara University, 2017 M. M. Görmüş,

Lecture Lecture 11

PhylumEchinodermata

~sukatar/Echinodermata.htm http://sci.ege.edu.tr/

M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11

Echinozoa is a subphylum of free-living echinoderms in which the body is essentially globoid with meriodional symmetry.

They lack arms, brachioles, or other appendages, and do not at any time exhibit pinnate structure (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinozoa)

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/echinodermata.html M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Echinoidea

http://faculty.evansville.edu/de3/b10802/PPoint/Echinodermata/sld011.htm M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/ Grzimek_inverts/Echinoidea/Dendraster_excentricus.jpg/view.html M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Echinoidea

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/Grzimek_inverts/Echinoidea/v01_id146_con_echanat.jpg/view.html M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Echinoidea

Echinoid skeleton includes numerous calcitic plates that have many pores. Plates make 10 bands on the test as seen in the figure. Among these, five of them AMBULACRUM, other five of them INTERAMBULACRUM bands.

Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 AMBULAKRAL Lecture 11 ve İNTERAMBULAKRAL Class Echinoidea ŞERİTLER

ambulacral band (ambulacrum- singular) (ambulacra – plural)

Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 AMBULAKRAL Lecture 11 ve İNTERAMBULAKRAL Class Echinoidea ŞERİTLER

Füsun Alkaya

Füsun Alkaya ambulacral band M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Echinoidea

Living echinoid Calcitic test surface (removed skin) Notify skin & spines

ORAL view ABORAL view SIDE view pictures : www. nhm.ac.uk Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 DÜZENLİ EKİNOİDLERİN Class Echinoidea İSKELETSEL MORFOLOJİSİ

Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 APİKAL Lecture 11 DİSK Class Echinoidea

Füsun Alkaya Terms Ankara University, 2017 M. M. Görmüş,

Lecture Lecture 11

Class Class Echinoidea

Oral: around tooth Peristome: around tooth Bukal plate includes tooth Aristotlet’slantern: openings including numerous small Madreporit ambulacrum side opening towards Ocular plate: in Jenilal plates Jenilal opening: interambulacrum sides plates openingtowards Jenilal plate: around anus Periprokt: spines İnterambulacrum: pinnates Ambulacrum Aboral:

anteriorside

posterior side

membrane membrane : jenilala plate : first plates : first membrane

: : includes

larger first largerfirst first plates first

openings

includes

M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Echinoidea

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/Grzimek_inverts/Echinoidea/v01_id146_con_echanat.jpg/view.html

Füsun Alkaya Füsun Alkaya Shapes Ankara University, 2017 M. M. Görmüş,

Lecture Lecture 11 Semi

- globular globular discoidal heart

Class Class Echinoidea pictures: www. nhm.ac.uk - like

Symetry Ankara University, 2017 M. M. Görmüş,

Lecture Lecture 11 pentameral symetrypentameral regular echinoids

Class Class Echinoidea sand dollars irregular echinoids bilateral symetry

pictures: www. nhm.ac.uk heart urchins

M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Echinoidea

Regular echinoids

Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Echinoidea

irregular echinoids Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Echinoidea

Füsun Alkaya

irregular echinoids M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Stomechinus sp. Jurassic-Early Cretaceous

Füsun Alkaya

Holectypus sp. Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous

Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Conulus sp. Late Cretaceous

Class Echinoidea M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Echinocorys sp. Late Cretaceous-Paleogene

Class Echinoidea M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11

Conulus Echinocorys

Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Clypeaster sp. Late Eocene to Recent

Class Echinoidea Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Clypeaster sp. Late Eocene to Recent

Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Scutella sp. Eocene to Miocene

Class Echinoidea M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Micraster sp. Late Cretaceous

Class Echinoidea

Füsun Alkaya Class Echinoidea Class Echinoidea Class Echinoidea M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Asteroidea

“starfish” M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Asteroidea

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/tanya_dewey/oreasterreticulatus.jpg/view.html M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Asteroidea M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Asteroidea beşli ışınsal simetri

ambulakrum madreporit

anüs ağız

aboral oral Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Asteroidea

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/Grzimek_inverts/Asteroidea/Oreaster_reticulatus.jpg/view.html M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Asteroidea M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Asteroidea

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/tanya_dewey/oreasterreticulatus.jpg/view.html M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Ophiuroidea

Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Ophiuroidea M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Holothuroidea

Füsun Alkaya

Sediment feeding M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Crinoidea M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Crinoidea

Stalky crinoids In general, deep-sea epifaunal benthic organisms. Their body includes three parts: Ray Stalk Ray Cirri

Stalk

Cirri

Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Crinoidea

stalk

Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Crinoidea

discs of stalk

Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Crinoidea

http://faculty.evansville.edu/de3/b10802/PPoint/Echinodermata/sld016.htm M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Füsun Alkaya Lecture 11 Class Crinoidea

* Crinoids are marine animals * Crinoidea comes from the Greek word krinon, "a lily", and eidos, "form". * They live both in shallow water and in depths as great as 6,000 meters. * Sea lilies refer to the crinoids which, in their adult form, are attached to the sea bottom by a stalk. * Feather stars or comatulids refer to the unstalked forms. * Crinoids are characterized by a mouth on the top surface that is surrounded by feeding arms. * They have a U-shaped gut, and their anus is located next to the mouth. * Although the basic echinoderm pattern of fivefold symmetry can be recognized, most crinoids have many more than five arms. Crinoids usually have a stem used to attach themselves to a substrate, but many live attached only as juveniles and become free-swimming as adults. * There are only about 600 extant crinoid species, * but they were much more abundant and diverse in the past. * Some thick limestone beds dating to the mid- to late-Paleozoic are almost entirely made up of disarticulated crinoid fragments

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crinozoa M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Crinoidea

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/ jeffrey_jeffords/crinoids/Crinoid_blue.jpg/view.html M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Füsun Alkaya Lecture 11 Class Crinoidea

Sea lily Feather stars stalky crinoids unstalky crinoids M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Füsun Alkaya Lecture 11 Class Crinoidea

stalk

Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Füsun Alkaya Lecture 11 Class Crinoidea

LAB. ÖRNEĞİ Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Füsun Alkaya Lecture 11 Class Crinoidea

kollar

kaliks

taç= kaliks+kollar Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Füsun Alkaya Lecture 11 Class Crinoidea

kaliks

kollar

pinnul

kaliks

kaliks M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11

Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11

Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Füsun Alkaya Lecture 11 Class Crinoidea

Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Class Crinoidea

unstalky crinoids Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11

Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Cupulocrinus sp. Ordovician

Class Crinoidea

Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Encrinus sp. Triassic

Class Crinoidea

Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Pentacrinites sp. Triassic to Recent

Class Crinoidea

Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Pentacrinites sp. Triassic to Recent

Class Crinoidea

Füsun Alkaya M. Görmüş, Ankara University, 2017 Lecture 11 Saccocoma sp. Jurassic

Class Crinoidea

Füsun Alkaya