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Clases Sociales Y Estado En El Pensamiento Marxista: Cuestiones De Método

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Clases Sociales Y Estado En El Pensamiento Marxista: Cuestiones De Método Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Programa de Posgrado en Estudios Latinoamericanos Taller de investigación: clases sociales y Estado en el pensamiento marxista: cuestiones de método Profesor: Matari Pierre Email: [email protected] Semestre 2021-1 (septiembre-diciembre 2020) 15 sesiones de 4 horas (jueves 16 a 20 horas) Objetivo general El análisis de las clases sociales y de las formas de Estado estructura el pensamiento social y político marxista. Sin embargo, estos conceptos no fueron claramente definidos ni por Marx ni por Engels. Los comentarios posteriores se apoyan en algún aspecto o aforismo de sus obras. De suerte que ambas nociones entrañan problemas de teoría y de método que tensan el marxismo desde sus orígenes: el determinismo económico del proceso histórico; la antropología subyacente a las definiciones de las clases y de sus relaciones recíprocas; la naturaleza específica de lo político y de las formas de Estado. El taller propone introducir y discutir estas tres cuestiones a partir de una selección de textos de representantes, comentaristas y críticos del pensamiento social y político marxista del siglo XX. El programa está organizado en dos grandes partes divididas en tres secciones cada una. Introducción (dos sesiones) Lecturas obligatorias: Eric J. Hobsbawm, “La contribución de Karl Marx a la historiografía”. Shlomo Avineri, El pensamiento social y político de Marx (capítulo I “Reconsideración de la filosofía política de Hegel). Jean-Paul Sartre, Cuestiones de método (primera parte “Marxismo y existencialismo”). Lecturas complementarias: Raymond Aron, Las etapas del pensamiento sociológico (“los equívocos de la sociología 1 marxista” extracto del capítulo 3). Tom Bottomore y Maximilien Rubel, “La sociología y la filosofía social de Marx”. Leszek Kolakowski, Las principales corrientes del marxismo (capitulo XIV “las fuerzas motrices del proceso histórico”). I. El concepto de clase social (seis sesiones) I.A. Problemas de definición de las clases sociales Lecturas obligatorias: « La enquête ouvrière de Marx » en Marx, Sociología y filosofía social. Textos seleccionados e introducidos por T. B. Bottomore y M. Rubel. Karl Popper, La sociedad abierta y sus enemigos (cap. 16 “Las clases”). Edward P. Thompson, Prefacio a La formación histórica de la clase obrera en Inglaterra. Lecturas complementarias: Georg Plejanov, El papel del individuo en la historia (extractos). Henri Lefebvre, Sociología del Marx, “Sociología de las clases sociales” (cap. IV). I.B. La génesis de las clases sociales: entre trabajo y lucha por el reconocimiento Lecturas obligatorias: Alexandre Kojève, Introducción a la lectura de Hegel (extractos). Shlomo Avineri, El pensamiento social y político de Marx (cap. III “Homo faber”) Lecturas complementarias: José Carlos Mariátegui, “El problema del indio” en Siete ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana (extractos). Severo Martínez Peláez, La patria del Criollo (capítulo I “los criollos”). I.C. La lucha de clases: entre series y grupos en fusión 2 Lecturas obligatorias: Jean-Paul Sartre, Cuestiones de método (parte II “El problema de las mediaciones y de las disciplinas auxiliares”). Henri Lefebvre, “perspectivas de la sociología rural” en De lo rural a lo urbano. Severo Martínez Peláez, La violencia colonial en Centroamérica y Chiapas (capítulo primero “las causas del amotinamiento” extractos). Lecturas complementarias: Ralf Dahrendorf, Clases y conflictos de clases en la sociedad industrial (capítulo V extractos). Domenico Losurdo, “La lucha de clases entre marxismo y populismo.” II. La noción de Estado (seis sesiones) II.A. Problemas de definición de lo político y de génesis del Estado Lecturas obligatorias: Alexandre Kojève, La noción de autoridad (extractos). Otto Bauer, La cuestión de las nacionalidades y la socialdemocracia (extracto). Antonio Gramsci, “Elementos de política” en La política y el Estado moderno. Ernesto Laclau, “La especificidad de lo político”. Lecturas complementarias: Shlomo Avineri, El pensamiento social y político de Marx (capitulo II extractos). Perry Anderson, El Estado absolutista “Clase y Estado: problemas de periodización” (cap. 2) Charles Tilly, Coerción, capital y los Estados europeos, 990-1990, (capítulo “ciudades y Estados en la historia universal”). Pierre Bourdieu, Sobre el Estado (curso del 18 de enero de 1990 extractos). II.B. Las modalidades de intervención del Estado Lecturas obligatorias: 3 Vladimir Lenin, El Estado y la revolución (capítulo I “La sociedad de clases y el Estado”). Rudolf Hilferding, El capital financiero “Transformación de la política comercial” (capítulo XVI “las clases sociales en la era del capital financiero). Suzanne de Brunhoff, Estado y capital, (capítulo I “La gestión estatal de la mano de obra”). Tran Hai Hac, “Estado y capital en la exposición de El capital.” Lecturas complementarias: Louis Althusser, Marx dentro de sus límites. René Zavaleta Mercado, “El Estado en América Latina”. II.C. mundialización del capital y crisis de la forma Estado Lecturas obligatorias: Nikolai Bujarin, La economía mundial y el imperialismo (capitulo XII). Suzanne de Brunhoff, “Hacia la desaparición de los Estados” en Estado y capital. Joachim Hirsch “Retrospectiva del debate.” Lecturas complementarias: Michael Hardt y Antonio Negri, Imperio (capitulo 9 “la soberanía imperial”). Eric Hobsbawm, “El marxismo en recesión 1983-2000.” Conclusión (una sesión) Evaluación Exposiciones orales Un ensayo final escrito Bibliografía Althusser, Louis. Marx dentro de sus límites. Madrid : Akal, 2009. 4 Anderson, Perry. El Estado absolutista. México: Siglo XXI, 1979. Aron, Raymond. Las etapas del pensamiento sociológico. Buenos Aires: Siglo XX, 1970. Avineri, Shlomo. El pensamiento social y político de Marx. Madrid: Centros de Estudios Constitucionales, 1983. Bourdieu, Pierre. Sobre el Estado. Barcelona: Anagrama, 2014. Brunhoff (de), Suzanne. Estado y capital. Madrid: Villalar, 1976. Brunhoff (de), Suzanne. “Hacia la desaparición de los Estados” en Estado y capital. Bujarin, Nikolai. La economía mundial y el imperialismo. Córdoba: Cuadernos Pasado y Presente, 1971. Dahrendorf, Ralf. Clases y conflictos de clases en la sociedad industrial. Madrid: RIALP, 1962. Gramsci, Antonio. “Elementos de política” en La política y el Estado moderno. Madrid: Planeta. Hai Hac, Tran. “Estado y capital en la exposición de El capital” en Antoine Artous et al, Naturaleza y forma del Estado capitalista. Análisis marxistas contemporáneos, Buenos Aires: Herramienta, 2015. Hardt, Michael y Negri, Antonio. Imperio. Barcelona: Paidós. Hilferding, Rudolf. El capital financiero. La Habana: Instituto Cubano del Libro, 1971. Hirsch, Joachim. “Retrospectiva del debate” en Alberto Bonnet y Adrián Pivat Estado y capital. El debate alemán de la derivación del Estado. Buenos Aires: Herramienta, 2017. Hobsbawm, Eric J. “La contribución de Karl Marx a la historiografía” en Marxismo e historia social. Puebla: BUAP, 1983. Hobsbawm, Eric J. “El marxismo en recesión 1983-2000” en Cómo cambiar el mundo. Barcelona: Crítica. Kojève, Alexandre. Introducción a la lectura de Hegel. Madrid: Trotta, 2013. Kojève, Alexandre. La noción de autoridad. Buenos Aires: Nueva visión, 2006. Kolakowski, Leszek. Las principales corrientes del marxismo. Su nacimiento, desarrollo y disolución. Vol. I. Los fundadores. Madrid: Alianza, 1976. Laclau, Ernesto. “La especificidad de lo político” en Política e ideología en la teoría marxista. Madrid: Siglo XXI, 1978. 5 Lefebvre, Henri. Sociología de Marx. Barcelona: Península, 1969. Lefebvre, Henri. «Perspectivas de la sociología rural» en De lo rural a lo urbano. Barcelona: Península, 1978. Lenin, Vladimir. El Estado y la Revolución in Obras completas (tomo 27). Madrid: Akal, 1976. Losurdo, Domenico. “La lucha de clases entre marxismo y populismo” en La lucha de clases. Una historia política y filosófica. El Viejo Topo, 2013. Martínez Peláez, Severo. La patria del criollo. México: FCE, 2012. Martínez Peláez, Severo. Motines de indios. La violencia colonial en Centroamérica y Chiapas. Guatemala: F&G Editores, 2011. Marx, Karl. Sociología y filosofía social. Textos seleccionados e introducidos por Tom B. Bottomore y M. Rubel. Madrid: Península, 1967. Plejanov, Georg. El papel del individuo en la historia. Valencia: Alejandría Proletaria, 2017. Popper, Karl. La sociedad abierta y sus enemigos, Barcelona: Paídos, 2010. Sartre, Jean-Paul. Critica de la razón dialéctica precedida de Cuestiones de método. Buenos Aires, Losada, 1963. Thompson, Edward P. La formación histórica de la clase obrera en Inglaterra. Barcelona: Crítica, 1989. Tilly, Charles. Coerción, capital y los Estados europeos, 990-1990, Madrid: Alianza, 1992. Zavaleta, René. “El Estado en América Latina”, Obras Completas, Tomo II: Ensayos 1975-1984. La Paz: Plural, 2013. 6 .
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