Critical Companion to Contemporary Marxism
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Critical Companion to Contemporary Marxism BIDET2_f1_i-xv.indd i 10/25/2007 8:05:05 PM Historical Materialism Book Series Editorial Board Paul Blackledge, Leeds – Sébastien Budgen, Paris Michael Krätke, Amsterdam – Stathis Kouvelakis, London – Marcel van der Linden, Amsterdam China Miéville, London – Paul Reynolds, Lancashire Peter Thomas, Amsterdam VOLUME 16 BIDET2_f1_i-xv.indd ii 10/25/2007 8:05:05 PM Critical Companion to Contemporary Marxism Edited by Jacques Bidet and Stathis Kouvelakis LEIDEN • BOSTON 2008 BIDET2_f1_i-xv.indd iii 10/25/2007 8:05:05 PM This book is an English translation of Jacques Bidet and Eustache Kouvelakis, Dic- tionnaire Marx contemporain. C. Presses Universitaires de France, Paris 2001. Ouvrage publié avec le concours du Ministère français chargé de la culture – Centre national du Livre. This book has been published with financial aid of CNL (Centre National du Livre), France. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Translations by Gregory Elliott. ISSN 1570-1522 ISBN 978 90 04 14598 6 Copyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS BIDET2_f1_i-xv.indd iv 10/25/2007 8:05:05 PM Contents Introduction: Marxism, Post-Marxism, Neo-Marxisms .......................... xi Jacques Bidet and Stathis Kouvelakis Pre gurations Chapter One A Key to the Critical Companion to Contemporary Marxism ....................................................................................................... 3 Jacques Bidet Chapter Two The Crises of Marxism and the Transformation of Capitalism .............................................................................................. 23 Stathis Kouvelakis Chapter Three The Development of Marxism: From the End of Marxism-Leninism to a Thousand Marxisms – France-Italy, 1975–2005 .................................................................................................... 39 André Tosel Chapter Four Whither Anglo-Saxon Marxism? ..................................... 79 Alex Callinicos Chapter Five Old Theories and New Capitalism: The Actuality of a Marxist Economics ................................................................................. 95 Gérard Duménil and Dominique Lévy Con gurations Chapter Six Analytical Marxism .............................................................. 123 Christopher Bertram BIDET2_f1_i-xv.indd v 10/25/2007 8:05:05 PM vi • Contents Chapter Seven The Frankfurt School’s Critical Theory: From Neo-Marxism to ‘Post-Marxism’ .................................................. 143 Gérard Raulet Chapter Eight The Late Lukács and the Budapest School ................... 163 André Tosel Chapter Nine The Regulation School: A One-Way Ticket from Marx to Social Liberalism? ....................................................................... 175 Michel Husson Chapter Ten Ecological Marxism or Marxian Political Ecology? ........ 189 Jean-Marie Harribey Chapter Eleven Theories of the Capitalist World-System ................... 209 Rémy Herrera Chapter Twelve Liberation-Theology Marxism .................................... 225 Michael Löwy Chapter Thirteen Market Socialism: Problems and Models ................ 233 Tony Andréani Chapter Fourteen The American Radicals: A Subversive Current at the Heart of the Empire ....................................................................... 255 Thomas Coutrot Chapter Fifteen Political Marxism ........................................................... 267 Paul Blackledge Chapter Sixteen From ‘Mass Worker’ to ‘Empire’: The Disconcerting Trajectory of Italian Operaismo ............................... 285 Maria Turchetto Chapter Seventeen Marxism and Postcolonial Studies ........................ 309 Neil Lazarus and Rashmi Varma BIDET2_f1_i-xv.indd vi 10/25/2007 8:05:05 PM Contents • vii Chapter Eighteen British Marxist History .............................................. 333 Paul Blackledge Chapter Nineteen Developments in Marxist Class Analysis .............. 353 Vivek Chibber Chapter Twenty New Interpretations of Capital ................................... 369 Jacques Bidet Chapter Twenty-One The New Dialectic ............................................... 385 Jim Kincaid Chapter Twenty-Two States, State Power, and State Theory .............. 413 Bob Jessop Chapter Twenty-Three Marxism and Theories of Racism ................... 431 Robert Carter Chapter Twenty-Four Historical Materialism and International Relations ..................................................................................................... 453 Frédérick Guillaume Dufour Chapter Twenty-Five Marxism and Language ...................................... 471 Jean-Jacques Lecercle Figures Chapter Twenty-Six Adorno and Marx .................................................. 489 Jean-Marie Vincent Chapter Twenty-Seven Louis Althusser, or the Impure Purity of the Concept ............................................................................................ 503 François Matheron Chapter Twenty-Eight Marxism Expatriated: Alain Badiou’s Turn .... 529 Alberto Toscano BIDET2_f1_i-xv.indd vii 10/25/2007 8:05:05 PM viii • Contents Chapter Twenty-Nine Revolutionary Potential and Walter Benjamin: A Postwar Reception History .................................. 549 Esther Leslie Chapter Thirty Critical Realism and Beyond: Roy Bhaskar’s Dialectic ....................................................................................................... 567 Alex Callinicos Chapter Thirty-One Bourdieu and Historical Materialism ................. 587 Jacques Bidet Chapter Thirty-Two Deleuze, Marx and Revolution: What It Means to ‘Remain Marxist’ ...................................................................... 605 Isabelle Garo Chapter Thirty-Three Jacques Derrida: ‘Crypto-Communist’? ........... 625 Jason Smith Chapter Thirty-Four Foucault, Reader and Critic of Marx .................. 647 Roberto Nigro Chapter Thirty-Five Beyond the Crisis of Marxism: Gramsci’s Contested Legacy ...................................................................................... 663 Fabio Frosini Chapter Thirty-Six Falling Short of Marx: Habermas .......................... 679 Jacques Bidet Chapter Thirty-Seven Fredric Jameson: An Unslaked Thirst for Totalisation ........................................................................................... 697 Stathis Kouvelakis Chapter Thirty-Eight Henri Lefebvre, Thinker of Urban Modernity ................................................................................................... 711 Stathis Kouvelakis BIDET2_f1_i-xv.indd viii 10/25/2007 8:05:06 PM Contents • ix Chapter Thirty-Nine Kôzô Uno and His School: A Pure Theory of Capitalism .............................................................................................. 729 Jacques Bidet Chapter Forty Raymond Williams .......................................................... 741 Jean-Jacques Lecercle Notes on Contributors .................................................................................. 751 Bibliography .................................................................................................. 755 Index ............................................................................................................... 801 BIDET2_f1_i-xv.indd ix 10/25/2007 8:05:06 PM BIDET2_f1_i-xv.indd x 10/25/2007 8:05:06 PM Introduction: Marxism, Post-Marxism, Neo-Marxisms Jacques Bidet and Stathis Kouvelakis Periodically proclaimed to be dead, or on its way back, Marxism and, more generally, references to Marx are an integral part of contemporary culture. A broad view capable of taking the slightest distance indicates that even today, more than two decades after the eruption of the last ‘crisis’ of Marxism and at a time when the régimes of cially identi ed with it belong to history, refer- ence to Marx is in no sense ephemeral – mere residue of a period that is now past – or a local phenomenon, con ned to a few geographical and cultural zones or countries. Marxism is demonstrating its persistence, its productivity and its capacity to adapt to contexts and conjunctures. Such is the statement of fact that guided us in the choices governing the production of this book: to indicate the diverse forms – emulating the famous mole of history, they are often subterranean – through which that reference has shaped, and continues to shape, the theoretical debates of the last three decades. Thus, in this Companion, readers will not nd a series of entries correspond- ing to notions or authors, but a set of chapters offering a broad sense of the main axes (themes, theoretical schools and currents, major authors) around which debates from the 1970s and 1980s onwards have been structured. This perspective is not exhaustive; and different choices could have been made.1 1 Note to the English language edition: